Wool and fine or coarse animal hair, carded or combed · 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	All foreground processes	Subdivide separately metered processes and keep species-, route- and treatment-specific campaigns separate before applying allocation.	iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016
allocation_scouring_grease	Clean fibre and recovered grease from scouring	Prefer system separation at the point where grease and dirt are removed. If saleable grease remains a co-product and separation is infeasible, use a documented economic allocation based on representative recent values; disclose price period, geography and sensitivity.	iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016
allocation_noils_and_other_fibre_outputs	Noils, guard hair and other saleable fibre fractions	First separate directly attributable operations. If multiple saleable fibre outputs remain, allocate residual burdens by a documented physical relationship where it represents causality; otherwise use a justified economic relationship and test sensitivity. Do not classify a saleable output as waste merely to avoid allocation.	iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016
allocation_waste_and_recycling	Wastes and recovered materials	Assign treatment burdens to the generated waste route. Do not claim substitution or avoided-production credits inside this unit-process dataset unless the selected downstream study method explicitly requires them and reports them separately.
allocation_conservation	Any allocated process	The sum of allocated inputs, outputs and burdens shall equal the corresponding unallocated totals for each process and reporting campaign.	iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016; mass-balance-identity

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipt	material_receipt_and_route_declaration	Received, released and rejected fibre lots	Scale ticket, supplier certificate and lot-routing record	lot_id; supplier_id; species_or_commercial_name; composition_mass_fraction; received_state; treatment_flags; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; moisture_basis; measured_moisture; route_id; upstream_dataset_ref; rejected_mass; rejection_reason	Calibrated scale plus supplier and laboratory identity review	kg; percent	Every lot	All lots in the reporting period	Every reporting site and outsourced receipt point in scope	Sum accepted and rejected mass by homogeneous fibre type, received state and route; no pooling before route-specific yield is retained	Scale calibration; lot certificate; chain-of-custody record; laboratory report where required
cp_process_mass_balance	scouring_and_dewatering; dehairing_and_opening; carding; gilling_and_combing	Fibre inputs, accepted outputs, grease, noils, guard hair and residues	Batch production and weighing record	campaign_id; route_id; fibre_type; input_mass; output_mass_by_fraction; moisture_basis; measured_moisture; inventory_change; spill_or_unmeasured_loss; destination_by_fraction	Calibrated scales and reconciled batch tickets at process boundaries	kg	Every campaign	Representative full reporting year or every campaign for shorter studies	Each included line and outsourced process	Reconcile on a common dry or declared mass basis by process and route; report weighted production mix only after campaign-level results are retained	Scale calibration; closed mass-balance worksheet; supervisor sign-off
cp_wet_processing	scouring_and_dewatering; optional_fibre_treatments	Gross water intake, recycled water and wet-process operation	Water meter and batch log	campaign_id; meter_start; meter_end; water_source; recycled_water_volume; bath_volume; operating_time; fibre_input_mass; temperature	Calibrated meter readings linked to batch logs	m3; hour; degree C; kg	Every campaign or continuous meter with monthly reconciliation	Full reporting period with seasonal coverage	Each wet-processing line	Gross intake minus measured same-process recycle gives net intake; keep discharge as a separate balance	Meter calibration; trend chart; water-balance reconciliation
cp_chemical_use	scouring_and_dewatering; optional_fibre_treatments	Detergent and treatment chemical use	Weighing, dosing and inventory record	campaign_id; product_name; supplier; active_ingredient; concentration; issued_mass_or_volume; returned_mass; treatment_function; safety_classification	Calibrated dosing system or stock issue reconciled to inventory	kg; L; percent active	Every batch with monthly stock reconciliation	Full reporting period	Each process and contractor in scope	Net issued amount by named product and treatment, normalized only after route separation	Dosing calibration; invoice; stock reconciliation; formulation sheet
cp_energy_use	scouring_and_dewatering; dehairing_and_opening; carding; gilling_and_combing; optional_fibre_treatments; drying_conditioning_and_packing; onsite_wastewater_and_residue_handling	Electricity, fuel and purchased heat	Submeter, utility meter, fuel issue or equipment-time calculation	campaign_id; carrier; meter_start; meter_end; fuel_quantity; heating_value_source; equipment_power; operating_time; allocation_driver	Prefer process submeter; otherwise documented calculation with concurrent operating records	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Continuous or each campaign, reconciled monthly	Full reporting period including seasonal conditions	Each included process line	Keep carriers separate; allocate shared meters by causal operating time or measured load and disclose residual unallocated use	Meter calibration; invoices; operating log; allocation worksheet
cp_wastewater_and_emissions	scouring_and_dewatering; optional_fibre_treatments; onsite_wastewater_and_residue_handling	Wastewater, sludge, residues and pollutant-specific emissions	Flow meter, analytical report, waste manifest and treatment log	campaign_id; source_process; gross_discharge_volume; recycle_volume; sampling_time; pollutant_name; concentration; receiving_compartment; treatment_step; sludge_wet_mass; sludge_dry_matter; residue_destination	Representative flow-proportional sampling where practicable, calibrated flow measurement, accredited analysis and weighed waste transfer	m3; mg/L; kg; percent dry matter	Per permit and campaign; at least enough to represent operating variability	Full reporting period and abnormal events	Each discharge point and treatment unit in scope	Calculate pollutant loads separately; reconcile water and residue balances; do not combine different pollutants or destinations	Laboratory accreditation; chain of custody; meter calibration; permit report; waste manifest
cp_final_product_quality	carding; gilling_and_combing; optional_fibre_treatments; drying_conditioning_and_packing	Product mass, fibre identity, composition and quality qualifiers	Dispatch scale, quality certificate and laboratory result	batch_id; product_form; species_or_commercial_name; composition; route; treatment_flags; net_mass; moisture_basis; measured_moisture; mean_fibre_diameter_or_grade; length_specification; colour; contamination_result	Calibrated dispatch scale and applicable textile test methods	kg; percent; micrometre or declared grade; mm	Every dispatched batch or statistically justified lot plan	Full reporting period	Each dispatching site	Aggregate only conforming batches with compatible qualifiers; retain batch distribution and production-weighted mean	Scale calibration; certificate of analysis; ISO 17751 report when applied; nonconformance log
cp_packaging_and_dispatch	drying_conditioning_and_packing	Packaging and dispatch state	Packing list and returnable-container register	batch_id; packaging_material; packaging_mass; item_count; unit_mass; reusable_flag; returns; pallet_tare; net_product_mass	Weigh representative unit packaging and reconcile to packing issues	kg; item	Every dispatch batch	Full reporting period	Each dispatch point	Sum packaging by material; subtract tare from reference product; amortize reusable packaging only with documented cycles	Packing list; tare check; return register

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_net_fibre_mass	Received and dispatched fibre	net_mass = gross_mass - tare_mass	gross_mass; tare_mass	Net fibre mass on measured basis	mass-balance-identity
calc_dry_mass	Moisture-basis conversion	dry_mass = measured_mass * (1 - moisture_fraction); retain measured mass and moisture result	measured_mass; moisture_fraction	Dry fibre mass	mass-balance-identity; iso-6741-1-1989
calc_process_yield	Each scouring, dehairing, carding, combing or treatment route	yield = accepted_output_mass / input_fibre_mass on the same moisture basis, calculated separately by fibre type, route and received state	accepted_output_mass; input_fibre_mass; moisture_basis; route_id; fibre_type	Route-specific yield	mass-balance-identity
calc_mass_balance_closure	Each foreground process	closure = sum(outputs + measured inventory increase) / sum(inputs + measured inventory decrease); investigate the unaccounted difference rather than assigning it automatically to product	input_masses; output_masses; inventory_change	Mass-balance closure and unaccounted difference	mass-balance-identity
calc_net_water_consumption	Wet processing	net_water_consumption = gross_water_intake - water_reused_or_recycled_to_the_same_process	gross_water_intake; recycled_water_volume	Net process water consumption	eu-2022-2508-textiles-bat; mass-balance-identity
calc_pollutant_load	Wastewater and direct emissions	pollutant_load = matched_flow_volume * pollutant_concentration with unit conversion; use time-weighted integration for variable continuous discharge	discharge_volume; concentration; sampling_period; unit_conversion	Pollutant-specific mass by receiving compartment	eu-2022-2508-textiles-bat
calc_production_mix	A dataset intentionally representing multiple measured campaigns	production_mix_value = sum(campaign_value * conforming_output_mass) / sum(conforming_output_mass), only after campaign-level fibre, route and treatment qualifiers remain available	campaign_value; conforming_output_mass; route_id; fibre_type; treatment_flags	Disclosed production-weighted mix	mass-balance-identity

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	All fibre inputs and reference outputs	Identify animal species or accepted commercial fibre name, composition, received state, route and treatment flags; analytical confirmation is required when supplier evidence is insufficient for the study claim.	Supplier certificate, chain-of-custody record, and ISO 17751-1:2023 or ISO 17751-2:2023 laboratory report where applied
dq_route_representativeness	All process and inventory results	Results shall represent the actual carded or combed route and fibre type. A production mix is allowed only from retained campaign data and disclosed output-mass weighting.	Campaign register, route map and weighted aggregation worksheet
dq_temporal_coverage	Candidate foreground dataset	Prefer a continuous recent 12-month period covering seasonal and product-mix variability; a shorter period shall include all campaigns in scope and justify representativeness.	Meter coverage report, batch register and gap assessment
dq_mass_and_moisture	Fibre yield and reference amount	Calibrate scales, state moisture basis, retain moisture tests, and reconcile each process mass balance before normalization.	Calibration certificates, moisture reports and closure worksheets
dq_wet_process_coverage	Scouring and other wet treatments	Capture water intake, recycle, discharge, chemicals, energy, wastewater parameters and residues for every included wet process.	Water and chemical balances, meters, accredited analysis and waste manifests
dq_proxy_disclosure	Upstream and missing foreground data	Identify every proxy, geography, year, technology and substitution rationale. Provisional reasoned-estimate ranges are not foreground values and shall be replaced by collected data or reviewed evidence.	Dataset metadata, source register and replacement plan
dq_completeness	Foreground package	Reconcile included input, product, co-product, waste and elementary-flow records against batch and financial or utility totals; explain exclusions and unaccounted differences.	Completeness checklist and reconciliation signed by data owner

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require exact product-flow UUID 7919afd2-a0eb-41f6-a192-705e27597637, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, unit kg, and all required qualifiers.
validation_scope_and_route	Product identity and process map	Confirm the output is carded or combed natural animal fibre ready for spinning; reject raw, merely scoured, garnetted, yarn, fabric, finished-product and mineral-wool records. Confirm every included process matches the declared received state, fibre type and route.	eu-1007-2011-textile-fibre-names; iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016
validation_no_unconditional_average	Aggregation	Reject a dataset that averages materially different animal species, carded and combed routes, greasy and already-scoured inputs, or optional-treatment states without retained campaign-level results, output-mass weighting and explicit production-mix scope.
validation_mass_basis_and_closure	Fibre mass and yield	Confirm net mass excludes packaging, input and output use a compatible moisture basis, route yields are calculated separately, and every included process reports mass-balance closure and unaccounted difference.	iso-6741-1-1989; mass-balance-identity
validation_wet_processing	Scouring and optional wet treatments	When a wet process is included, require gross and recycled water, named chemicals, carrier-specific energy, wastewater volume and handling, measured residues and applicable pollutant-specific records.	eu-2022-2508-textiles-bat; iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016
validation_wool_grease_range_applicability	Recovered wool grease	Apply the 10-15 kg/t coarse-wool and 50-60 kg/t extra- or super-fine-wool BAT-AEPL screens only when raw wool scouring and the stated fibre-diameter condition apply; do not apply them to other animal fibres or treat them as universal yields.	eu-2022-2508-textiles-bat
validation_allocation	Co-products and wastes	Require subdivision first, a documented allocation basis where co-products remain, conservation of allocated totals, destinations for all waste fractions, and separate disclosure of any downstream substitution credit.	iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016; mass-balance-identity
validation_candidate_ranges	Provisional screening ranges	Do not use reasoned_estimate ranges as collected foreground values, conformance limits or publication-critical defaults. Require a replacement source or representative foreground distribution before review or publication.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground unit-process or aggregated gate-to-gate dataset for one declared animal-fibre product, received state, route and treatment state
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after methodology review and with complete upstream links
allowed_use	Construction of process or lifecyclemodel datasets for carded or combed natural animal fibre when the product qualifiers, route, geography, time period, boundary, allocation and data quality match the study
excluded_use	Unqualified category-average modelling across animal species or routes; substitution for greasy or merely scoured wool, garnetted fibre, yarn, fabric, finished textile products, feathers, down or mineral wool; use of reasoned-estimate ranges as measured inventory
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id; reference UUIDs; species or commercial fibre name; blend composition; received state; carded or combed route; product form; grade or mean diameter; length specification; moisture and commercial mass basis; treatment flags; recycled-content flag; geography; reporting period; facility and contractor scope; process map; upstream dataset references; allocation; packaging; data coverage
required_quality_disclosure	Campaign coverage; scale, meter and laboratory evidence; mass- and water-balance closure; route-specific yield distribution; treatment and wastewater coverage; allocation sensitivity; proxies and exclusions; unaccounted differences; all remaining reasoned-estimate ranges and their replacement owners
update_trigger	Change in fibre species or blend, received state, carded or combed route, treatment chemistry, equipment, water recycling, grease recovery, allocation economics, supplier geography, moisture basis or product specification; data older than the representativeness policy; new reviewed source evidence; or availability of foreground data that replaces a provisional range

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
eu-1007-2011-textile-fibre-names	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Regulation (EU) No 1007/2011 on textile fibre names and related labelling and marking of fibre composition, Annex I; https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/1007/oj; retrieved 2026-08-12	Animal-fibre names and scope qualifiers for wool, speciality animal hair and other animal or horsehair
eu-2022-2508-textiles-bat	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508 establishing BAT conclusions for the textiles industry; ELI http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2508/oj; retrieved 2026-08-12	Wool-scouring boundary, water and grease recovery, energy and residue handling, wet-process monitoring, and fibre-diameter-conditioned grease recovery ranges
iwto-wool-lca-guidelines-2016	Extension guidance (extension_guidance)	International Wool Textile Organisation, Guidelines for conducting a life cycle assessment of the environmental performance of wool textiles, April 2016; https://iwto.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/IWTO-Guidelines-for-Wool-LCA.pdf; retrieved 2026-08-12	Scouring, carding, gilling and combing process decomposition; required inputs and outputs; primary data; co-product and allocation rules
iso-17751-1-2023	Standard (standard)	ISO 17751-1:2023, Textiles — Quantitative analysis of cashmere, wool, other specialty animal fibres and their blends — Part 1: Light microscopy method; https://www.iso.org/standard/83595.html; retrieved 2026-08-12	Fibre identity and blend-composition verification by light microscopy when applicable
iso-17751-2-2023	Standard (standard)	ISO 17751-2:2023, Textiles — Quantitative analysis of cashmere, wool, other specialty animal fibres and their blends — Part 2: Scanning electron microscopy method; https://www.iso.org/standard/83596.html; retrieved 2026-08-12	Fibre identity and blend-composition verification by scanning electron microscopy when applicable
iso-6741-1-1989	Standard (standard)	ISO 6741-1:1989, Textiles — Fibres and yarns — Determination of commercial mass of consignments — Part 1: Mass determination and calculations; confirmed current in 2025; https://www.iso.org/standard/13199.html; retrieved 2026-08-12	Commercial-mass method for homogeneous single-species consignments and mass-basis disclosure
mass-balance-identity	Method factor (method_factor)	Conservation-of-mass identity applied to reconciled process inputs, outputs and inventory change	Net mass, dry-mass conversion, route yield, process closure and allocation conservation