Undyed virgin PET staple ring-spun yarn manufacture

1. Scope and Applicability

This method covers mill-gate manufacture of undyed, unsized, single ring-spun yarn from purchased uncarded virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) staple fibres. The fibrous component is entirely PET staple, and synthetic staple fibre accounts for at least 85% of net yarn product mass on the declared weighing basis. This is a bounded representative subset of CPC 26430, not coverage of the whole classification. The CPC title establishes a product distinction, not a compulsory processing sequence [unsd-cpc-2025].

Polyamide, acrylic, polypropylene and other polymers; co-fibre blends; recycled or mechanically reclaimed fibre; compact, rotor and air-jet spinning; filament yarn; sewing thread; plied yarn; dyed, dope-coloured, sized or heat-set yarn are outside this authored route. These need separate applicability review, not silent substitution. Opening/card preparation is supported for pure man-made fibre, distinct from cotton cleaning or cotton combing [truetzschler-ring-preparation]. The ring route is distinguished from other commercially available spinning routes [rieter-man-made-system].

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.yarn-and-thread-woven-and-tufted-textile-fabrics.undyed-pet-staple-ring-spun-yarn
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 26430 (narrower; classification context only)
covered_products	Undyed unsized single ring-spun yarn with exclusively virgin PET staple fibre components and synthetic staple share at least 85% of declared net yarn mass
excluded_products	Other polymers; blends; recycled fibre; other spinning routes; filament; sewing thread; ply, dyeing, sizing and heat-setting routes
representative_product	Undyed virgin PET staple ring-spun yarn
production_route	Uncarded staple bales → opening → carding → drawing → roving → ring spinning → winding → acceptance and pack-out
market_state	Accepted single yarn on declared winding package at spinning mill gate, before textile fabrication or finishing

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a specified spun yarn intermediate for weaving or knitting
How much	1 kg net accepted yarn
How well	Declared yarn linear density, twist direction and level, breaking-force and evenness acceptance criteria, moisture condition, virgin PET composition and winding form; use actual customer/plant specification, not default thresholds
How long or cycle	One accepted production lot; no use-phase service life asserted
reference_flow_link	finished_pet_yarn

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Undyed virgin PET staple ring-spun yarn
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	PET polymer and virgin status; uncarded staple feed state; cut length and fineness; fibre and total-product composition basis; residual finish; moisture/conditioning and tare method; yarn linear density and twist; ring route; quality acceptance; winding tube and packaging configuration; factory, supply voltage, electricity geography and reporting period; included auxiliaries and exclusions

Declare all qualifiers in the concrete dataset. This mass reference is a production declared unit, not functional equivalence across yarn counts, polymer types or textile lifetimes.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use calibrated net lot mass; exclude tube and box tare and rejected yarn; declare conditioning basis and link cp_output.
mass_reconciliation	material rows	Mass	kg	Reconcile inputs, accepted yarn, each waste, measured emissions, returns and work-in-process on the same moisture basis. Do not interpret moisture changes as polymer loss.
meter_energy	electricity rows	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	kWh	Preserve meter kWh; use the verified energy unit group when conversion is necessary; never express electricity as kg.
composition_basis	reference yarn	Mass	kg	Verify exclusively PET staple fibre components and at least 85% synthetic staple mass in net product on the declared basis; separately disclose moisture and finish, without inventing recipe values.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased uncarded virgin PET staple bales at mill receipt, already polymerised, spun into fibre, drawn, cut and supplier-finished
starting_condition_role	External material input to yarn manufacture
product_classification_scope	Representative narrower subset of CPC 26430; classification is not automatic methodological coverage
recursive_input_rule	Record external same-category yarn once with its upstream dataset if present; internal sliver, roving and return loops are transfers, not new external purchases. Same-category yarn feed changes this route and requires review.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Separate compatible upstream PET staple manufacture, electricity and packaging datasets; supplier finish remains inside fibre supply, with no double-counted mill application
disclosure	Gate-to-gate foreground only; state actual starting material, stages, auxiliary coverage, moisture basis, supply identity and missing upstream coverage

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_route	foreground	Include preparation, ring spinning and winding as separately collected stages; no cotton cleaning or combing is compulsory for this virgin PET route.	rieter-man-made-system; truetzschler-ring-preparation
boundary_auxiliaries	site services	Include attributable suction, compressor and air-conditioning electricity without double counting. If humidification water, added lubricant, maintenance oil or a utility purge actually occurs, add one specific atomic row and collection record per real exchange, keeping purchased water, resource abstraction, wastewater and air emission distinct. Do not assume these occur.
boundary_exclusions	upstream and downstream	Exclude raw-resource extraction, PET synthesis and fibre manufacture from the foreground; exclude agricultural fibre production because no agricultural co-fibre is used. Dyeing, sizing, textile manufacture, outbound transport, use and disposal are outside this gate. Link upstream datasets before any cradle-to-gate claim; separately disclose capital equipment and infrastructure exclusions.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
prepare	Opening and carding	required	Declared virgin PET ring route	Stage in one connected mill foreground; internal intermediates not counted as external flows	per 1 kg reference flow
spin	Drawing, roving and ring spinning	required	Declared virgin PET ring route	Stage in one connected mill foreground; internal intermediates not counted as external flows	per 1 kg reference flow
finish	Winding, quality release and pack-out	required	Declared virgin PET ring route	Stage in one connected mill foreground; internal intermediates not counted as external flows	per 1 kg reference flow

Process records must retain individual opening, carding, drawing, roving, ring-spinning and winding submeter/runtime or lot records even when displayed within one stage. Connect internal sliver/roving transfers by lot and dry-mass reconciliation; do not give each intermediate a second burden. The listed conditional waste, dust and packaging rows are not claims of universal occurrence.

Process: Opening and carding (prepare)

Opening separates the received bales into fibre tufts; carding separates and aligns fibres into sliver. Record the actual equipment chain and sliver transfers without treating polymer synthesis, fibre melt-spinning or cotton trash cleaning as these operations. Internal sliver is reconciled with the next stage rather than counted as a second purchased input.

Inputs

Product flows

pet staple input (pet_staple_input)

Receive uncarded virgin PET textile staple bales; declare staple length, fineness, crimp, finish and moisture. This identity is not recycled fibre, filament tow or purchased sliver.

• Selected flow: Polyester short fiber 03377e13-45a0-4774-9cc8-37c8c60523f2
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh issued fibre minus unused returns; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: truetzschler-ring-preparation

prepare electricity (prepare_electricity)

Meter electricity for opening and carding, including attributable suction and compressed-air generation. The selected supply is CN user-side grid mix below 1 kV; use it only for matching supply, and identify another actual supply separately.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Matched-interval meter difference after documented allocation; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

prepare pet fibre waste (prepare_pet_fibre_waste)

Segregated loose PET fibre removed at this stage crosses the gate as waste, without a specified treatment. The broad PET-waste identity includes textiles; retain loose-fibre form, finish content and destination qualifiers. Do not use it for mixed-fibre or contaminated waste.

• Selected flow: Waste Polyethylene terephthalate 04d3fab8-c5d0-41c5-87b6-449116c1dbab
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh net removed PET fibre waste after container tare; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output. Internal returns are not gate waste.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

pet dust air (pet_dust_air)

Conditional: include only measured atmospheric particulate release from opening/carding exhaust or documented fugitive sources. The selected identity is air, unspecified subcompartment and particle size; retain PET origin and use a more specific identity if the measured size or receiving subcompartment is established; collected filter fibre belongs to the waste row. No emission factor or inevitable release is asserted.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Use measured released particle mass for the matched period; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output. Document absence or unmeasured status; never assume zero from missing data.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources:

Process: Drawing, roving and ring spinning (spin)

Drawing evens and drafts the sliver; roving prepares a drafted intermediate for the selected ring route; ring spinning drafts and inserts the specified yarn twist. Retain actual passage counts, production settings, break/restart records and the assigned suction/compressor load. Neither spinning speed nor temperature is fixed by this PCR.

Inputs

Product flows

spin electricity (spin_electricity)

Meter electricity for drawing, roving and ring spinning, including attributable suction and compressed-air generation. The selected supply is CN user-side grid mix below 1 kV; use it only for matching supply, and identify another actual supply separately.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Matched-interval meter difference after documented allocation; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

spin pet fibre waste (spin_pet_fibre_waste)

Segregated loose PET fibre removed at this stage crosses the gate as waste, without a specified treatment. The broad PET-waste identity includes textiles; retain loose-fibre form, finish content and destination qualifiers. Do not use it for mixed-fibre or contaminated waste.

• Selected flow: Waste Polyethylene terephthalate 04d3fab8-c5d0-41c5-87b6-449116c1dbab
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh net removed PET fibre waste after container tare; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output. Internal returns are not gate waste.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Winding, quality release and pack-out (finish)

Winding forms the declared package and removes faults according to the actual quality specification; document splicing, rejects and net released yarn separately. The tube and outer box are recorded individually when used, remain outside net yarn mass and do not establish textile function or lifetime.

Inputs

Product flows

finish electricity (finish_electricity)

Meter electricity for winding, quality release and pack-out, including attributable suction and compressed-air generation. The selected supply is CN user-side grid mix below 1 kV; use it only for matching supply, and identify another actual supply separately.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / kWh
• Amount rule: Matched-interval meter difference after documented allocation; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

pp winding tube (pp_winding_tube)

Conditional for a declared polypropylene tube configuration. Count and weigh tube tare separately; reusable bobbins within the mill are internal equipment. Do not substitute polypropylene resin or polypropylene yarn for a formed tube.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene winding tube
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net new tubes delivered with accepted yarn or attributable replacement consumption from a measured return system; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

corrugated box (corrugated_box)

Conditional when this box is actually used at dispatch. Record board composition, recycled content and box mass; a public flow with a fixed fibre recipe does not identify all site boxes.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh boxes issued minus unused returns; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

finished pet yarn (finished_pet_yarn)

Reference output after winding and lot quality release. All fibre components are virgin PET staple; residual finish and moisture are separately declared and the product meets the stated synthetic-fibre mass-share criterion. Packaging is not yarn mass.

• Selected flow: Undyed virgin PET staple ring-spun yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: unsd-cpc-2025

Waste flows

pet yarn waste (pet_yarn_waste)

Record rejected PET yarn and yarn cut ends removed at winding as one segregated PET-yarn waste stream. Keep yarn form and finish content explicit; internally reprocessed yarn is not simultaneously exported as waste.

• Selected flow: Waste Polyethylene terephthalate 04d3fab8-c5d0-41c5-87b6-449116c1dbab
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh net PET yarn waste removed after container tare; divide by matched accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocate_direct	all stage records	Separate product lines and lots first. Directly measured fibre, yarn, rejects and dedicated-meter utilities belong to the matching lot.
allocate_shared	shared electricity and auxiliaries	Use a site-verified physical driver: measured power integrated over operating time for motors, or metered air volume for a shared compressor. Include idle load consistently. Mass allocation is allowed only when site evidence supports comparable per-mass demand. Preserve driver records, excluded products and a sensitivity comparison; no fixed allocation coefficient is supplied.
allocate_returns	PET waste and internal returns	Measure each internal return once and reconcile inventory stocks; do not count it as both virgin input and exported waste. Exported waste carries no automatic avoided-virgin-PET credit. A saleable co-product requires documented physical/economic relationship and explicit allocation sensitivity, rather than a silent waste credit.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material	prepare	pet_staple_input	warehouse issue and supplier specification	lot; issued kg; returned kg; opening/closing stock; PET grade; virgin status; length; fineness; crimp; finish; moisture; supplier	Calibrated weighing, warehouse reconciliation and supplier certificate; verify uncarded incoming state; Net issued mass / matched accepted yarn kg; adjust stock change	kg	each lot	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	scale calibration; lot certificate; stock ledger
cp_energy	prepare; spin; finish	electricity	submeter and runtime records	subprocess; meter; start/end kWh; idle time; operating time; compressor volume; allocation driver; voltage; location	Read calibrated submeters for each subprocess; reconcile motors, suction, compressor and conditioning with the plant total; Assigned meter difference / matched accepted yarn kg	kWh	each meter interval	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	meter export; equipment map; allocation worksheet
cp_output	finish	finished_pet_yarn	lot weighing and quality release	lot; gross yarn package kg; measured tube tare kg; box tare kg; rejected kg; accepted net kg; conditioning; fibre composition; count; twist; acceptance criteria and results	Weigh released net yarn with calibrated scale and actual configuration tare; reconcile rejects and matched moisture test; Sum accepted net yarn kg; reference output is 1 kg reference flow	kg	each lot	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	scale calibration; tare sampling; release record; composition evidence
cp_waste	prepare; spin; finish	PET fibre and yarn waste separately	segregated waste weighing	stage; stream; gross kg; container tare kg; moisture; finish; composition; destination; returned kg	Weigh labelled containers per stage; separate loose fibre from yarn and internal recovery from exported waste; Each exported stream net kg / matched accepted yarn kg	kg	each removal	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	waste transfer; scale record; destination and classification
cp_air	prepare	pet_dust_air	conditional emission monitoring	source; air subcompartment; particle definition; concentration; exhaust volume; duration; uncertainty; captured fraction	Use site air monitoring with consistent concentration and volume basis and actual operating coverage; keep captured fibre out of the released amount; Measured released kg / matched accepted yarn kg; no missing-data zero	kg	each representative measurement and reporting interval	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	monitoring report; exhaust flow calibration; scope and detection limit
cp_packaging	finish	PP tube and corrugated box separately	conditional issue, tare and return records	component; count; measured net kg; composition; supplier; unused return; actual reuse rotations; loss; replacement; shipped configuration	Weigh each packaging component separately; establish actual count-to-kg relationship and measured reuse history, without assumed tube life; Each attributable component net kg / matched accepted yarn kg	kg	each issue/dispatch lot	Actual declared reporting period, representative of all included runs and downtime	Declared mill and connected PET ring-yarn line	per 1 kg reference flow	weighing; issue/return ledger; composition certificate; reuse ledger

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize	all inventory rows	Divide each matched-period attributable net exchange amount by the same accepted net yarn mass in kg from cp_output; preserve original quantity and unit. The finished yarn output equals 1 kg.	net exchange; accepted net yarn kg; cp_output	exchange unit per 1 kg reference flow
calc_reconcile	material rows	Compare external net fibre input and measured stock decrease with accepted net yarn, each exported waste, measured emissions and stock increase on one moisture basis. Report the unclosed difference; investigate returns and finish/moisture movement rather than inventing a loss factor.	cp_material; cp_output; cp_waste; cp_air; stock and moisture records	mass balance and disclosed residual
calc_particle_release	pet_dust_air	Multiply measured particulate concentration by exhaust volume for the same sampling state and time; convert reported concentration units explicitly, integrate actual operating intervals and preserve uncertainty. This is not an assumed emission factor.	cp_air	measured released particulate kg
calc_packaging_mass	pp_winding_tube; corrugated_box	Convert counted components using their contemporaneously measured unit tare mass; assign replacement consumption only from documented actual return and rotation records.	cp_packaging	attributable packaging kg

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_identity	incoming and finished fibre composition	Verify virgin PET, staple rather than filament, incoming processing state, residual finish and conditioning; retain composition and lot links.	supplier and lot test records
quality_acceptance	finished_pet_yarn	Use actual yarn count, twist, evenness and strength specification and rejection records; no health or regulatory approval is inferred.	quality release and customer specification
quality_coverage	all inventory	Cover all included subprocesses and ancillary exchanges; document actual absent rows, measurement gaps, meter overlaps, stock changes and reporting representativeness. No default recipe, temperature, energy, loss or output yield is provided.	line map, meter reconciliation and completeness ledger
quality_uncertainty	measurements and allocation	Declare calibration, detection limits, sampling coverage, actual measurement uncertainty and allocation sensitivities; proposed ranges require evidence before use.	calibration and uncertainty records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_scope	reference product and route	Reject this route for recycled fibre, blends, non-PET polymers, filament, sewing thread or an alternative spinning/treatment route; require all reference qualifiers and composition evidence.	unsd-cpc-2025
validate_mass	reference and inventory	Require positive accepted net yarn mass, tube/box tare exclusion, matching moisture basis and per 1 kg reference-flow denominator. Investigate unreconciled polymer/finish/water balance without inventing tolerances.
validate_atomic_identity	all flow rows	Check one exchange per row, correct product/waste/elementary type, public identity qualifiers and actual reference property/unit. Blank UUIDs remain explicit identity gaps. Air particulate is not captured fibre waste; no assumed direct emissions from purchased electricity.
validate_complete_boundary	dataset coverage	Require stage and ancillary completeness, conditional-row applicability decisions, dated collection and defensible allocation. Missing emissions monitoring is inconclusive, not zero. Foreground-only results cannot claim complete cradle-to-gate coverage.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Mill foreground process dataset for one declared PET ring-yarn specification
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Compatible weaving/knitting supply modelling after identity and boundary review; upstream links added separately
excluded_use	Automatic whole-CPC coverage; comparison of unlike yarn functions; other polymers, recycled routes, sewing thread or wet finishing; methodology approval from structural checks
required_metadata	All reference qualifiers; lot links; inventory units; factory and period; stage map; meter and allocation scope; virgin PET supply and electricity links; packaging; stock and reuse method
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground gate and unlinked upstream processes; actual data coverage and uncertainty; unresolved identities; conditional/absent rows; unmeasured emissions; allocation sensitivities and exclusions
update_trigger	Change in incoming fibre origin, composition or finish; spinning route; yarn specification; moisture/tare protocol; auxiliary configuration; electricity supply; packaging, allocation or new primary measurements

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Ver. 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, PDF/printed p. 120, groups 2643–2644. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification distinction only; no process, yield or emission requirement
truetzschler-ring-preparation	handbook	Trützschler, Ring Spinning, sections Carded cotton / Pure man-made fibers and Reliable processing of man-made fibers, undated manufacturer page. https://www.truetzschler.com/en/spinning/applications/ring-spinning/	Pure man-made fibre preparation and distinction from cotton combing; no numeric performance values adopted
rieter-man-made-system	handbook	Rieter, Unique Solutions for Processing Man-Made Fibers, sections Blowroom, Card, Draw frames, Roving frame, Ring spinning machine and Automatic winding machine; undated manufacturer page. https://www.rieter.com/products/system-applications/man-made-fiber-spinning-system	Physical stage decomposition and alternative-route distinction; no manufacturer productivity, loss, energy or equipment-life claims used as defaults

Manufacturer pages support equipment functions, not quantitative plant inventories or independent environmental performance. All quantities, configurations, acceptance thresholds, allocations and conditional releases must come from the named foreground protocols; classification and machinery sources cannot supply missing factory data.