Carpets and other textile floor coverings, tufted

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs production of finished tufted carpets and other tufted textile floor coverings classified in CPC 3.0 subclass 27230. It covers broadloom and modular products whose pile yarn is inserted through a primary backing and whose tufts are secured by a declared unitary, coated, laminated, or secondary-backing construction.

The foreground boundary begins with receipt of finished pile yarn, primary backing, backing chemicals and other purchased materials at the carpet plant and ends with accepted, packaged product at the factory gate. It includes tufting, backing-compound preparation, coating or lamination, drying or curing, finishing, cutting, inspection, packaging, directly associated utilities, wastes, wastewater and direct emissions. Integrated fibre, yarn or backing manufacture, yarn heat-setting, dyeing, printing, installation, use, maintenance and end-of-life are included only when the declared site controls them and they are represented as separately traceable processes; otherwise they require linked upstream or downstream datasets.

Woven, knotted, flocked, needle-punched, felt and non-textile floor coverings are excluded. Underlay, installation adhesive and separately sold accessories are excluded from the reference product unless physically integrated and sold as part of the declared finished covering.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.textile-articles-other-than-apparel.carpets-and-other-textile-floor-coverings-tufted
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:27230, exact
covered_products	Finished tufted broadloom carpet, tufted carpet tile face construction, and other finished textile floor covering made by inserting pile yarn through primary backing and securing the tufts with a declared backing system.
excluded_products	Woven, knotted, flocked, needle-punched or felt floor coverings; loose underlay; installation adhesive; and products whose textile face is not formed by tufting.
representative_product	Factory-gate production mix of accepted finished tufted textile floor covering with declared pile fibre, primary backing, backing formulation, secondary-backing construction and surface finish.
production_route	Receipt of finished yarn and backing materials; tufting; backing-compound preparation; coating or lamination; drying or curing; finishing, cutting and inspection; packaging and factory-gate release.
market_state	Finished dry floor-covering product at plant gate, rolled or modular as declared, excluding installation materials not supplied as part of the product.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide finished tufted textile floor covering for an explicitly declared indoor or other intended floor-covering application.
How much	1 kg net mass of accepted finished product at the factory gate.
How well	Declare pile fibre and recycled content, pile construction, primary and secondary backing, backing chemistry, product format, mass per area, pile mass per area, dimensions, surface treatment, performance grade and applicable product specification.
How long or cycle	One factory-gate production cycle; no service-life equivalence is asserted unless the data package adds verified use-performance and service-life evidence.
reference_flow_link	The functional unit is realized by exactly 1 kg of the reference product flow below.

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Carpets and other textile floor coverings, tufted a01ef31e-fdc6-48be-a681-0a418c22c0cc
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	pile fibre and recycled content; pile construction; primary backing material; backing formulation and solids content; secondary-backing material or explicit unitary-backing declaration; product format; net mass per area; pile mass per area; dimensions; dyeing or printing route; applied functional finishes; manufacturing geography; production period; moisture condition; packaging exclusion; intended application and performance grade

The reference UUID was accepted only after a public state-code-100 direct read confirmed Product flow, CPC 3.0 subclass 27230, Mass and the kg unit basis. No database version is part of this PCR identity.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	accepted finished reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh accepted dry finished product without removable shipping film, paperboard cores, pallets, rejected lengths or installation materials not sold as part of the product. Normalize all exchanges to exactly 1 kg accepted net output.
mass_per_area_conversion	production records expressed per area or roll	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert area or roll records using product- and campaign-specific measured net mass per area and accepted area. Retain the measured mass, area and conversion result; do not use a generic carpet grammage.
wet_dry_basis	latex, coating paste, wastewater, wet residue and dry solids	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record as-supplied wet mass and measured or supplier-declared solids fraction separately. Convert to dry solids only with a traceable batch-specific or formulation-specific factor and retain water as a separate balance.
energy_carrier_separation	electricity and each thermal energy carrier	carrier-specific	kWh, MJ or carrier-native unit	Preserve metered electricity separately from natural gas and any other fuel or purchased heat. Convert units only with a documented factor; do not merge carriers into one energy exchange.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_operations	carpet-plant foreground	Include tufting, backing-compound preparation, coating or lamination, drying or curing, finishing, cutting, inspection, packaging, directly associated utilities, generated wastes, wastewater and direct emissions under operational control.	us-epa-fabric-coating-1998; eu-textiles-bat-2022
boundary_purchased_inputs	purchased yarn, backing, chemicals, fuels and packaging	Keep every purchased input as a visible atomic product exchange and link it to an upstream dataset that matches declared material grade, recycled content, geography and supply state.	eu-pef-2021; iso-14044-2006
boundary_integrated_upstream	site-integrated yarn, backing, dyeing, printing or finish preparation	Include the integrated operation as a separately traceable foreground process when controlled by the reporting site; otherwise do not fold its burdens into tufting by an undocumented estimate.	eu-textiles-bref-2023; eu-textiles-bat-2022
boundary_direct_releases	coating, curing and on-site combustion	Record relevant measured direct air emissions, wastewater transfers and wastes separately from upstream fuel or chemical production. Applicability follows the declared formulation, thermal route and site input-output inventory.	eu-textiles-bat-2022; us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002
boundary_exclusions	factory-gate dataset	Exclude capital equipment, building construction, distribution beyond the factory gate, installation, use, maintenance and end-of-life unless the study goal explicitly adds them as separately disclosed modules.	eu-pef-2021; iso-14044-2006

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Finished pile yarn, primary backing, backing chemicals, secondary backing where used, utilities and packaging materials received at the carpet manufacturing site.
starting_condition_role	Purchased upstream inputs entering factory-gate tufted-floor-covering production.
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 subclass 27230 only; upstream yarn, polymer, latex, filler, backing, energy and packaging retain their own product identities.
recursive_input_rule	A purchased tufted carpet or tufted-carpet intermediate used as an input remains an explicit product input with its own upstream dataset; do not recursively apply this PCR to hide that input inside the current output.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased material and energy exchange to a dataset matching the declared grade, formulation, recycled content, geography and delivery state. Unmatched proxies must be disclosed and must not overwrite the foreground identity.
disclosure	Declare site and period, product mix, pile and backing construction, integrated versus purchased upstream operations, coating formulation and solids, thermal route, emission-control route, rejected output, packaging boundary, allocation method and every data gap.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
tufting	Pile-yarn tufting into primary backing	required	Always included for CPC 27230 product.	Foreground formation of the tufted textile face and primary structure.	Measured mass of tufted greige carpet transferred to backing.
backing_and_curing	Backing-compound preparation, coating or lamination, drying and curing	required	Include the actual unitary, precoat, laminated, foam or secondary-backing route; mark route-inapplicable atomic rows as not applicable.	Foreground tuft anchoring, backing application and thermal curing.	Measured mass of backed tufted carpet transferred to finishing.
finishing_and_packaging	Finishing, cutting, inspection, packaging and release	required	Always included through accepted factory-gate release.	Foreground final conversion and release of the reference product.	Accepted net finished product mass.

Process: Pile-yarn tufting into primary backing (tufting)

Inputs

Product flows

Polyamide 6 pile yarn (tufting_pa6_yarn)

Polyamide 6 yarn enters tufting only for the declared PA6 pile route. Record it separately from every other fibre grade.

• Selected flow: Polyamide 6 carpet pile yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass minus separately recorded returned unused yarn for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-warm-carpet-2016

Polyamide 6,6 pile yarn (tufting_pa66_yarn)

Polyamide 6,6 yarn enters tufting only for the declared PA6,6 pile route and remains distinct from PA6.

• Selected flow: Polyamide 6,6 carpet pile yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass minus separately recorded returned unused yarn for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-warm-carpet-2016

Polyester pile yarn (tufting_polyester_yarn)

Polyester yarn enters tufting only for the declared polyester pile route.

• Selected flow: Polyester carpet pile yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass minus separately recorded returned unused yarn for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-warm-carpet-2016

Polypropylene pile yarn (tufting_polypropylene_yarn)

Polypropylene yarn enters tufting only for the declared polypropylene pile route.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene carpet pile yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass minus separately recorded returned unused yarn for the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-warm-carpet-2016

Wool pile yarn (tufting_wool_yarn)

Wool yarn enters tufting only for the declared wool pile route; record its measured moisture condition.

• Selected flow: Wool carpet pile yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued mass minus separately recorded returned unused yarn at the recorded moisture condition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Woven polypropylene primary backing (tufting_primary_pp_backing)

Woven polypropylene primary backing receives the pile yarn during tufting. Record its grade and measured mass per area.

• Selected flow: Woven polypropylene primary carpet backing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured backing mass consumed from issued area and product-specific measured mass per area
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Electricity for tufting (tufting_electricity)

Metered electricity powers the tufting machines and directly associated yarn-feed and extraction equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, low voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered electricity for the tufting line or reconciled site-meter electricity assigned by measured machine operating hours and rated load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg tufted greige carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_electricity
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Unbacked tufted greige carpet (tufted_greige_carpet)

This internal product is the measured tufted pile and primary-backing structure before backing compound is applied.

• Selected flow: Unbacked tufted greige carpet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transferred mass at the tufting-to-backing handoff
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per tufting reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_tufting_materials
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002

Waste flows

Tufting yarn trim waste (tufting_yarn_trim_waste)

This is the physically segregated yarn offcut and tufting-startup trim stream for the declared pile-fibre route.

• Selected flow: Tufting yarn trim waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass sent to the declared reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg tufted greige carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-process-waste-1989

Elementary flows

Process: Backing-compound preparation, coating or lamination, drying and curing (backing_and_curing)

Inputs

Product flows

Unbacked tufted greige carpet input (backing_tufted_greige_carpet)

The unbacked tufted intermediate crosses into the backing line as a separately reconciled internal product.

• Selected flow: Unbacked tufted greige carpet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass at the backing-line handoff
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per backing reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002

Styrene-butadiene rubber latex (backing_sbr_latex)

SBR latex is recorded only for a declared SBR backing formulation, with wet mass and solids content retained separately.

• Selected flow: Styrene-butadiene rubber latex dispersion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass issued to backing-compound preparation, net of returned unused material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998; us-epa-warm-carpet-2016

Calcium carbonate filler (backing_calcium_carbonate)

Calcium carbonate is recorded as one filler input when present in the declared backing formulation.

• Selected flow: Calcium carbonate filler
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured dry mass charged to the backing compound from batch sheets, silo loss records and reconciled stock movement
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Process water for backing compound (backing_process_water)

Water intentionally added to the backing compound or used as a process input is recorded separately from washwater.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or batch-sheet volume intentionally charged to the backing formulation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_water
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Woven polypropylene secondary backing (backing_secondary_pp)

Woven polypropylene secondary backing is recorded only when laminated to the declared product.

• Selected flow: Woven polypropylene secondary carpet backing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured consumed area multiplied by product-specific measured mass per area, reconciled to stock movement
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Jute secondary backing (backing_secondary_jute)

Jute secondary backing is recorded only when laminated to the declared product, with moisture condition stated.

• Selected flow: Woven jute secondary carpet backing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured consumed area multiplied by product-specific measured mass per area at the recorded moisture condition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Electricity for backing line (backing_electricity)

Metered electricity powers compound mixing, coating, lamination drives, fans and associated control equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, low voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: backing-line submeter total or reconciled site-meter electricity assigned by measured operating hours and rated load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_energy
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Natural gas for drying and curing (backing_natural_gas)

Natural gas is recorded only when combusted for the declared drying or curing route and remains separate from electricity.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered gas volume converted with the supplier- or meter-period-specific net calorific value
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_energy
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022; us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Backed tufted carpet before final finishing (backed_tufted_carpet)

This internal product is the dried or cured backed construction transferred to finishing before final release.

• Selected flow: Backed tufted carpet, unfinished
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transferred mass at the backing-to-finishing handoff
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per backing reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Waste flows

Waste SBR-latex and calcium-carbonate backing compound (backing_compound_waste)

This is one physically segregated residual backing-compound stream from an SBR-latex and calcium-carbonate route; other formulations require their own separately named waste card in the foreground package.

• Selected flow: Waste SBR-latex and calcium-carbonate backing compound
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured residual mass sent to the declared recovery, treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Coating-equipment washwater (coating_washwater_waste)

This waste flow is the separately collected aqueous washwater from backing-compound and coating-equipment cleaning, with destination declared.

• Selected flow: Coating-equipment washwater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or tank-volume discharge transferred to on-site or off-site wastewater treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_wastewater
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Elementary flows

Styrene released to air (styrene_to_air)

Styrene is recorded when identified as relevant from the declared SBR-latex coating and curing route; do not substitute total VOC for this substance row.

• Selected flow: Styrene to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass emission from the declared air-emission point for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_air_emissions
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002; eu-textiles-bat-2022

Ammonia released to air (ammonia_to_air)

Ammonia is recorded only when the formulation or curing chemistry and the input-output inventory identify it as relevant.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass emission from the declared air-emission point for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Formaldehyde released to air (formaldehyde_to_air)

Formaldehyde is recorded only when the formulation and site input-output inventory identify it as relevant to coating or thermal treatment.

• Selected flow: Formaldehyde to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass emission from the declared air-emission point for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Fossil carbon dioxide released to air (fossil_co2_to_air)

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site natural-gas combustion is recorded as a direct emission when gas is combusted within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack mass or facility-verified direct-emission inventory reconciled to the metered natural-gas record
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Calcium carbonate dust released to air (calcium_carbonate_dust_to_air)

Calcium carbonate dust is recorded when filler unloading or handling creates a measured direct release to the declared receiving-air compartment.

• Selected flow: Calcium carbonate dust to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass emission from the declared dust-emission point for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg backed tufted carpet output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_backing_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022; us-epa-fabric-coating-1998

Process: Finishing, cutting, inspection, packaging and release (finishing_and_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Backed tufted carpet input (finishing_backed_tufted_carpet)

The backed intermediate crosses into finishing as a separately reconciled internal product.

• Selected flow: Backed tufted carpet, unfinished
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass at the finishing-line handoff
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per finishing reporting period
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-process-waste-1989

Electricity for finishing and packaging (finishing_electricity)

Metered electricity powers shearing, trimming, cutting, inspection, winding or tile handling and packaging equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, low voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: finishing-line submeter total or reconciled site-meter electricity assigned by measured operating hours and rated load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_electricity
• Sources: eu-textiles-bat-2022

Low-density polyethylene packaging film (packaging_ldpe_film)

LDPE film is recorded only when used to wrap or protect the released product and remains outside net product mass.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene packaging film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging-film mass issued minus returned unused film for accepted shipments
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials

Paperboard roll core (packaging_paperboard_core)

The paperboard core is recorded when supplied with rolled product and remains outside net product mass.

• Selected flow: Paperboard roll core
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured core mass supplied with accepted rolls
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials

Wooden shipping pallet (packaging_wood_pallet)

Wooden pallets are recorded when consumed or when the measured non-returned share crosses the factory-gate boundary.

• Selected flow: Wooden shipping pallet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured pallet mass multiplied by the non-returned pallet count assigned to accepted shipments
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished tufted floor covering (ref_finished_tufted_carpet)

This is the sole quantitative reference output after final inspection and acceptance. Removable shipping packaging is not included in its net mass.

• Selected flow: Carpets and other textile floor coverings, tufted a01ef31e-fdc6-48be-a681-0a418c22c0cc
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg (Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66)
• Amount rule: measured accepted net finished-product mass, normalized to exactly 1 kg reference output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_product_release

Waste flows

Finished tufted carpet offcuts (finishing_carpet_offcuts_waste)

This is the physically segregated composite offcut stream generated by final width trimming, cutting or tile conversion.

• Selected flow: Finished tufted carpet offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass sent to the declared reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: us-epa-carpet-process-waste-1989

LDPE packaging-film scrap (packaging_ldpe_scrap_waste)

This is the separately collected LDPE film scrap generated during wrapping and packaging.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene packaging-film scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap mass sent to the declared recycling, treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records

Paperboard core scrap (packaging_paperboard_scrap_waste)

This is the separately collected paperboard core and core-cutting scrap generated during packaging.

• Selected flow: Paperboard roll-core scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap mass sent to the declared recycling, treatment or disposal destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished tufted floor covering
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	product families, lines and campaigns	First avoid allocation by separating product families, campaigns and process lines and by using submeters, batch sheets and route-specific material records.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021
allocation_shared_utilities	shared electricity, thermal energy, water and treatment	Assign shared utilities with a measured causal driver such as machine operating time, metered load, oven throughput, water meter or pollutant load. If no causal relation can be demonstrated, use a documented physical basis and test the sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021
allocation_multi_product_output	simultaneous saleable outputs	When a process produces more than one saleable product and subdivision is not feasible, prefer physical allocation that reflects the causal relationship; use economic allocation only when physical relationships are not meaningful, and disclose prices, period and sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021
allocation_waste_and_recycling	recovered offcuts, residues and packaging scrap	Record the actual waste output and destination. Do not subtract an avoided-production credit from the foreground inventory or convert waste into a negative material input; model any recycling or recovery outside the factory-gate process with an explicitly declared downstream method.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_no_hidden_loss	rejects, rework and internal returns	Keep internal returns visible in the process mass reconciliation and include resources consumed by rejected output in the accepted-product inventory; do not erase losses by netting them against purchased inputs without a traceable return record.	eu-textiles-bat-2022; iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_tufting_materials	tufting	pile yarn, primary backing, greige output and returned unused material	scale, warehouse issue, return and transfer records	material identity; lot; fibre grade; recycled content; issued mass; returned mass; backing area; measured mass per area; greige transfer mass; timestamp	calibrated scale and reconciled warehouse/line records	kg and m2	each lot or shift	representative production period, normally at least 12 consecutive months	every included tufting line	sum net issued input and transferred output by homogeneous product route before normalization	calibration records; stock reconciliation; lot traceability; signed transfer records
cp_tufting_electricity	tufting	electricity	submeter or site-meter record	meter id; start and end reading; interval; line operating hours; rated load where allocation is needed; production route	direct submeter preferred; otherwise reconciled causal allocation	kWh	continuous or each shift	same period as production	every included tufting line	sum metered electricity or allocate reconciled site total with documented driver	meter calibration; energy reconciliation; operating log
cp_backing_materials	backing_and_curing	greige input, latex, filler, secondary backing and backed output	batch sheet, scale, tank, silo, warehouse and transfer records	material identity; formulation; wet mass; solids fraction; filler mass; backing area and mass per area; returned mass; backed transfer mass	calibrated scales, tank/silo readings and batch reconciliation	kg and m2	each batch or shift	same period as production	every included backing and curing line	sum by declared backing formulation and route before normalization	batch authorization; calibration; stock reconciliation; formulation revision
cp_backing_water	backing_and_curing	process water	flowmeter or batch-sheet record	meter id; batch id; charged volume; water source; treatment grade; timestamp	direct meter or verified batch vessel volume	m3	each batch or daily	same period as production	every included backing and curing line	sum intentional process-water charge separately from washwater	meter calibration; batch sheet; water balance
cp_backing_energy	backing_and_curing	electricity and natural gas	electricity and gas meter records	meter id; readings; energy unit; gas volume; net calorific value; oven hours; throughput; route	direct line meters preferred; otherwise reconciled causal allocation	kWh, m3 and MJ	continuous or each shift	same period as production	every included backing and curing line	keep each carrier separate; convert gas using period-specific net calorific value	meter calibration; supplier statement; energy balance; oven log
cp_backing_wastewater	backing_and_curing	coating-equipment washwater	flowmeter, tank-transfer and wastewater records	source operation; volume; pH; solids or COD where monitored; destination; transfer date	metered discharge or calibrated tank volume at transfer	m3	each cleaning event or discharge	same period as production	every included coating-equipment cleaning and discharge point	sum only the separately identified coating-equipment washwater stream	meter calibration; transfer manifest; laboratory chain of custody where sampled
cp_backing_air_emissions	backing_and_curing	substance-specific direct air release	stack test, continuous monitor or verified facility emission record	substance; emission point; receiving compartment; sampling period; gas flow; concentration; mass emission; production throughput; control status	applicable standardized measurement or verified site inventory	kg	each required monitoring event and annual reconciliation	representative normal operations and relevant highest-emission state	every relevant coating, curing, filler-handling or combustion emission point	calculate or record each substance mass separately and normalize by backed output	sampling plan; laboratory report; monitor QA; control-device log; production linkage
cp_finishing_materials	finishing_and_packaging	backed input and packaging materials	scale, packaging issue, return and shipment records	backed input mass; film mass; core mass; pallet count and mass; returned packaging; shipment id	calibrated scale and reconciled packaging/dispatch records	kg and item	each shift or shipment	same period as production	every included finishing and packaging line	sum consumed or non-returned packaging separately from net product	scale calibration; stock reconciliation; dispatch record; pallet-return ledger
cp_finishing_electricity	finishing_and_packaging	electricity	submeter or site-meter record	meter id; readings; interval; equipment hours; accepted output	direct submeter preferred; otherwise reconciled causal allocation	kWh	continuous or each shift	same period as production	every included finishing and packaging line	sum metered electricity or allocate reconciled total with documented driver	meter calibration; energy reconciliation; equipment log
cp_final_product_release	finishing_and_packaging	accepted finished reference product	final scale, area, inspection and release records	product code; pile and backing qualifiers; accepted mass; accepted area; rejected mass; moisture condition; inspection disposition; packaging mass; timestamp	calibrated final-product weighing and quality release	kg and m2	each roll, tile lot or shipment	same period as production	every included finishing and packaging line	sum accepted net mass; exclude removable shipping packaging; retain rejected mass separately	scale calibration; inspection record; release authorization; mass-area reconciliation
cp_waste_records	all	each separately named waste output	scale ticket, container log and transfer manifest	waste identity; source process; mass; contamination state; destination; treatment code; date	direct weighing at source or verified transfer scale	kg	each container or transfer	same period as production	every included site and waste storage or transfer point	sum each physical waste stream and destination separately; no avoided-burden netting	scale ticket; licensed transfer manifest; stock balance

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory exchange	normalized exchange = reporting-period exchange amount / reporting-period accepted net finished-product mass	raw exchange amount; accepted net mass from cp_final_product_release	exchange per 1 kg accepted finished product	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021
calc_area_to_mass	area- or roll-based product and backing records	material mass = measured consumed area × product- or lot-specific measured mass per area; retain both raw measurements	consumed area; measured mass per area	kg material input or product output	iso-14044-2006
calc_latex_dry_solids	SBR latex and wet backing compound	dry solids = wet mass × measured or supplier-declared solids fraction; retain wet mass and water balance as separate fields	wet mass; solids fraction	kg dry backing solids	us-epa-fabric-coating-1998
calc_gas_energy	metered natural gas	energy = corrected gas volume × reporting-period supplier net calorific value	corrected gas volume; net calorific value	MJ natural-gas input	eu-textiles-bat-2022
calc_process_mass_reconciliation	tufting, backing and finishing	reconcile separately measured inputs, intermediate transfers, accepted output, internal returns, rejects, wastes and measured releases; investigate and disclose the residual without forcing it to zero	all process material records	process-specific mass-balance residual and explanation	eu-textiles-bat-2022

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and represented mix	Retain the required qualifiers and production share for each homogeneous route. Do not combine products with different pile fibre, backing chemistry, product format or integrated upstream operations unless the weighting is documented.	product specification; bill of materials; formulation; production and release records
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground exchanges	Use a representative production period, normally at least 12 consecutive months. A shorter campaign is allowed only with reason, operating-state coverage and disclosure of seasonality, startup and shutdown treatment.	meter dates; production calendar; campaign log; exception rationale
dq_measurement_traceability	mass, area, water and energy records	Use calibrated or verified instruments and preserve raw readings, units, conversion factors and allocation drivers.	calibration certificates; meter identifiers; raw logs; reconciliation
dq_material_balance	each required process	Reconcile material inputs, intermediate transfers, output, returns, rejects and wastes. Investigate and disclose unexplained residuals; do not invent a balancing exchange.	batch and stock reconciliation; transfer records; waste manifests; residual review
dq_emission_relevance	air, wastewater and waste releases	Establish and periodically review a site input-output inventory. Record every substance identified as relevant with the applicable measurement and receiving compartment; absence requires documented non-applicability, not a zero assumption.	chemical inventory; emission-point map; monitoring plan; laboratory or stack-test report; BAT applicability review
dq_upstream_matching	linked purchased-input datasets	Match material grade, formulation, recycled content, geography and delivery state. Disclose every proxy, age gap and missing supplier dataset.	supplier specification; dataset metadata; proxy register
dq_completeness	foreground package	Include all required processes and every applicable atomic row; report accepted inputs, checks performed, checks skipped and unresolved flow identities.	completeness matrix; validation report; manifest review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Require UUID a01ef31e-fdc6-48be-a681-0a418c22c0cc, Product flow, CPC 3.0 subclass 27230, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, unit kg and reference amount 1.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
validate_required_qualifiers	reference product	Fail conformance when any required pile, backing, format, mass-per-area, process-route, geography, period, moisture or packaging-boundary qualifier is missing.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; eu-pef-2021
validate_process_coverage	process map	Require tufting, backing_and_curing and finishing_and_packaging; require explicit route applicability for each conditional material or emission row.	us-epa-fabric-coating-1998; us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002
validate_atomic_flows	process inventory	Fail any card whose selected flow is a collection, selector or combined exchange. Electricity, natural gas, each material, each packaging component, each waste stream and each emitted substance must remain a separate row.	eu-textiles-bat-2022
validate_foreground_evidence	inventory amounts	Require a linked collection protocol and real foreground record for every amount. No AI estimate or uncited generic carpet quantity is conforming.	eu-textiles-bat-2022; eu-pef-2021
validate_intermediate_handoffs	process interfaces	Require tufted-greige output to reconcile with backing input and backed-carpet output to reconcile with finishing input for the same scope, with losses and inventory changes separately explained.	eu-textiles-bat-2022
validate_mass_and_energy_separation	balances	Require net reference-product mass to exclude removable packaging; require each energy carrier, wet/dry basis, return, reject, waste and direct emission to remain separately traceable.	eu-textiles-bat-2022; iso-14044-2006
validate_allocation	shared operations	Fail when subdivision and causal assignment were not attempted before allocation, or when the allocation basis, driver, period and sensitivity are absent.	iso-14044-2006; eu-pef-2021
validate_uuid_acceptance	UUID-bearing rows	Accept a Tiangong UUID only after direct public state-code-100 readback confirms exact flow semantics, flow type, reference property, unit basis and required qualifiers. Otherwise reject the UUID for that row and keep the row-specific identity gap in review metadata.
validate_data_quality_disclosure	published data package	Require temporal coverage, site scope, instrument evidence, mass-balance residuals, proxy use, missing measurements, emission applicability and every skipped check to be disclosed.	eu-textiles-bat-2022; eu-pef-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground production dataset for a declared tufted textile floor-covering product or production mix.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Construction of foreground data packages and downstream process or lifecycle-model projections for products matching the declared pile, backing, format, route, geography and period.
excluded_use	Comparative claims about floor-covering service, durability or use-stage performance without a separate verified area-and-service-life functional unit; proxying woven, knotted, flocked, needle-punched, felt or non-textile floor coverings; and use when required identity or route fields are missing.
required_metadata	PCR id; reference UUID; CPC coordinate; all reference qualifiers; site and geography; reporting period; product-mix weights; process coverage; integrated upstream operations; coating formulation and solids; energy-carrier split; packaging boundary; allocation method; linked upstream datasets; reviewer and validation status.
required_quality_disclosure	Instrument and calibration evidence; temporal and site representativeness; raw-record coverage; mass-balance residuals; allocation drivers; proxy register; waste destinations; emission relevance and measurement methods; unresolved UUIDs; checks performed and skipped.
update_trigger	Change in pile fibre or recycled content, backing chemistry or construction, product format, integrated dyeing or finishing, energy or curing route, emission controls, allocation driver, site geography, representative product mix, Tiangong identity, source method or material data gap.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0, subclass 27230, 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Official product-category scope and CPC identity.
eu-textiles-bref-2023	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Textiles Industry, JRC131874, 2023. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/textiles-industry (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Textile process boundary, coating and lamination context, input-output inventories and environmental management.
eu-textiles-bat-2022	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508 establishing BAT conclusions for the textiles industry. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2022/2508/oj (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Input-output, water and energy inventories; coating, lamination and thermal-treatment emissions; wastewater, waste and monitoring rules.
us-epa-fabric-coating-1998	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, Fabric and Textile Coating Operations: Background Information for Promulgated Standards, EPA-453/R-98-002b, 1998. https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/coat/fabric/pic-fabr.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Tufted-carpet construction, primary backing, SBR latex, calcium-carbonate filler, secondary backing, coating, lamination and curing process decomposition.
us-epa-carpet-air-emissions-2002	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, Air Emissions from Carpet Manufacturing Processes, 2002. https://www3.epa.gov/ttnchie1/conference/ei11/toxics/mulholland.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Tufting and backing process sequence and substance-specific air-emission relevance.
us-epa-carpet-process-waste-1989	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, carpet dyeing and finishing process and waste-stream description, archived technical report SDMS 549967. https://archive.epa.gov/region1/foia/web/pdf/549967.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Tufting, backing, selvage trimming, finishing and separately recorded process waste streams.
us-epa-warm-carpet-2016	official_guidance	United States Environmental Protection Agency, WARM Background Document for Carpet. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/www3/warm/pdfs/Carpet.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Carpet component and pile-fibre identities and factory-gate material decomposition.
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines; confirmed current in 2022. https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Goal and scope, inventory, allocation, reporting, review and data-quality principles.
eu-pef-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Functional unit and reference flow, system boundary, company-specific data, allocation, recycling disclosure and data-quality rules.