Bed linen, table linen, toilet linen and kitchen linen

1. Scope and Applicability

This rule covers unstuffed made-up bed sheets and pillowcases, tablecloths and napkins, towels and comparable toilet or kitchen linen. It models the conversion of purchased, finished textile fabric into accepted dry linen articles at the factory gate. The declared starting condition is finished fabric ready for cutting; its fibre production, spinning, weaving or knitting, and fabric wet processing require linked upstream datasets. The reference route is woven cotton fabric cut, sewn, inspected and packed. Other fibres and knit routes require a declared material and route profile and corresponding upstream datasets; do not silently substitute the cotton input. Stuffed quilts, pillows, curtains, apparel and cleaning cloths outside this household-linen category are excluded. Distribution, use laundering and end-of-life are outside this gate-to-gate foreground profile. Product distinctions follow unsd-cpc3-2025; cut-and-sew process typology is supported by epa-textiles-2008.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.textile-articles-other-than-apparel.bed-linen-table-linen-toilet-linen-and-kitchen-linen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 27120; classification reference only, not a positive mapping decision
covered_products	Unstuffed bed, table, toilet and kitchen linen made from textile fabric
excluded_products	Stuffed bedding, curtains, apparel, floor cloths and standalone fabric
representative_product	Unstuffed woven-cotton bed sheet
production_route	Purchased finished woven cotton fabric; dry cutting, sewing, inspection and packaging
market_state	Accepted dry finished article at factory gate; net product mass excludes packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a finished unstuffed linen article for bed, table, toilet or kitchen use
How much	1 kg net accepted dry finished linen article
How well	Declare article type, fibre composition, fabric construction and finishing state; accepted to the producer's stated specification
How long or cycle	One factory-gate delivery; service life is outside this production reference
reference_flow_link	finished_linen_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Finished unstuffed household linen article; UUID unresolved
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	article type; fibre composition; woven or knitted fabric; fabric finishing state; factory-gate packaging state; geography; production period

The product-flow UUID is unresolved. A foreground data package must declare every required qualifier and cannot claim a confirmed TianGong finished-linen flow until one is directly verified.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh accepted dry articles excluding packaging; use that net mass as the common denominator for all inventory rows.
lot_normalization	all inventory rows	Mass or energy as stated on each row	kg or kWh	Divide attributable lot inputs and offcuts by the net accepted article mass in kg; retain the stated numerator unit.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased finished woven fabric ready for cutting; declare fibre, construction and finishing state
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the cut-and-sew foreground process
product_classification_scope	Finished unstuffed bed, table, toilet and kitchen linen articles
recursive_input_rule	If an incoming article already meets this category, record it as a separately declared input with its own upstream dataset; do not count it again as newly manufactured output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link a compatible fabric dataset that includes fibre, yarn, fabric formation and wet finishing where performed upstream
disclosure	Report the fabric starting condition, cut-and-sew site, product mix, packaging state and excluded stages

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_fabric_entry	purchased fabric	Include purchased finished fabric and its linked upstream production in the product system; the foreground begins at receipt of cutting-ready fabric.	epa-textiles-2008
boundary_factory_gate	finished linen	Include cutting, sewing, inspection, on-site electricity and attributable packaging through the factory gate.	epa-textiles-2008
boundary_wet_process	on-site wet processing	If washing, bleaching, dyeing or drying occurs on site, model its own atomic exchanges and disclose its separate process inventory before using this profile for that route.	epa-textiles-2008

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
make_up_linen	Fabric cutting, sewing, inspection and packing	required	All articles in scope	Foreground conversion	per 1 kg net accepted dry finished linen

Process: Fabric cutting, sewing, inspection and packing (make_up_linen)

Inputs

Product flows

Purchased woven cotton fabric (cotton_fabric)

Purchased cotton fabric crosses the foreground boundary as the primary material input.

• Selected flow: Cotton Fabric f8292a12-0851-4ed8-9ff3-18d5f4d302ff
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh accepted incoming fabric for the represented cotton route; record fibre content and finishing state.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_materials
• Sources:

Cotton sewing thread (cotton_sewing_thread)

Cotton sewing thread is incorporated into seams during assembly.

• Selected flow: Cotton sewing thread; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh or reconcile cotton sewing thread issued to the lot.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_materials
• Sources:

Purchased grid electricity (grid_electricity)

Purchased grid electricity powers cutting, sewing and inspection equipment.

• Selected flow: Grid electricity; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Read attributable sewing, cutting and inspection electricity from meter or reconciled bills.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources:

Corrugated shipping box (corrugated_box)

Corrugated board boxes enter when the finished articles use this shipping package.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: When corrugated boxes are used, weigh boxes attributable to the lot; otherwise record not applicable.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_materials
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished linen article (finished_linen_output)

The accepted dry finished article leaves the production boundary as the reference product.

• Selected flow: Finished unstuffed household linen article; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Clean cotton fabric cutting offcuts (cotton_cutting_offcuts)

Clean cotton fabric offcuts leave the cutting step as a segregated waste stream.

• Selected flow: Clean cotton fabric cutting offcuts; UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Segregate and weigh clean cotton fabric offcuts attributable to the represented lot.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_offcuts
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared production lines	First separate lot-specific cutting, sewing, power and material records by article type; document the subdivision.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_physical	remaining shared burdens	If subdivision is not possible, allocate shared conversion inputs by measured net accepted article mass when this physical relationship explains resource use; disclose rationale and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_scrap	cutting offcuts	Record offcut mass and fate separately. Do not assume a substitution credit without evidence of actual recovery and displaced product.	eu-pef-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_output_mass	make_up_linen	accepted output	weighing record	article type; lot; accepted dry net mass; rejected mass; package tare	Calibrated scale; weigh accepted articles without packaging and reconcile dispatch and rejection records.	kg	each lot	reporting period	production site	per 1 kg reference flow	scale calibration and acceptance log
cp_materials	make_up_linen	fabric, thread and boxes	stores issue and weighing record	material identity; lot; issued kg; returned kg; package type	Weigh material issued less returned stock and reconcile stores records.	kg	each lot	reporting period	production site	per 1 kg reference flow	stock reconciliation and scale record
cp_energy	make_up_linen	purchased electricity	meter or invoice	meter id; opening and closing kWh; lot or line hours	Submeter preferred; reconcile site meter or invoice and documented line allocation.	kWh	each lot or month	reporting period	production site	per 1 kg reference flow	meter calibration or invoice and allocation worksheet
cp_offcuts	make_up_linen	clean cotton fabric offcuts	segregated waste weighing	lot; offcut kg; contamination; destination	Segregate clean offcuts and weigh before recovery or disposal.	kg	each lot	reporting period	production site	per 1 kg reference flow	weighbridge or scale log and transfer record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_lot	cotton_fabric; cotton_sewing_thread; grid_electricity; corrugated_box; cotton_cutting_offcuts	q_ref = attributable lot exchange quantity / accepted dry net linen mass in kg; retain the exchange numerator unit.	lot exchange; accepted dry net mass; cp_output_mass	exchange per 1 kg reference flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all rows	State article type, fibre composition, fabric finish, material grade, package state and actual waste destination.	product specification and stock records
dq_balance	fabric and product mass	Reconcile issued fabric with accepted output, rejects and cutting offcuts; explain any remaining mass difference.	batch mass-balance worksheet
dq_time	all rows	Use one declared reporting period and disclose missing or estimated records.	dated meters, ledgers and acceptance records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_denominator	all inventory rows	Confirm that each exchange is normalized by accepted dry net article mass, excluding packaging; require positive measured denominator.
validate_identity	product and material flows	Check article category, input fabric state and declared fibre composition; an unresolved UUID must not be represented as a verified TianGong flow.	unsd-cpc3-2025
validate_balance	fabric cutting	Reconcile fabric input, accepted products, rejects and offcuts and explain material loss.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for made-up household linen
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review of representativeness
allowed_use	Model declared article type and cut-and-sew route with compatible fabric upstream data
excluded_use	Do not claim a cradle-to-grave footprint, a product-life functional unit, or equivalence across unlike article types without further modelling
required_metadata	article type; fibre composition; fabric construction and finish; site; period; accepted mass; package state; fabric upstream dataset; unresolved UUID status
required_quality_disclosure	allocation method; meter coverage; material balance; missing records; offcut fate; geography and technology limits
update_trigger	changed fabric route, product mix, finishing site, electricity supply, packaging or validated flow identities

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc3-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	product identity and neighbouring category distinctions
epa-textiles-2008	official_guidance	U.S. EPA, Quantifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Key Industrial Sectors in the United States, May 2008 working draft, https://archive.epa.gov/osem/sectors/web/pdf/greenhouse-report.pdf	textile cut-and-sew process typology; no amount benchmark
eu-pef-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations, Official Journal L 471 (30 December 2021), Annex I section 4.5, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279	multifunctionality and allocation hierarchy