Meat of buffalo, frozen

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR models one representative factory-gate route for packed, deboned, quick-frozen buffalo meat produced in an integrated slaughter and meat-processing plant. The foreground starts with live buffalo accepted at the plant and follows lairage, slaughter and dressing, carcass chilling, cutting and deboning, packaging, blast freezing, frozen storage, and plant hygiene. The declared product is not a carcass, bone-in cut, edible offal, minced or mechanically separated meat, or a weighted average of those products.

The upstream production and inbound transport of live buffalo, production of electricity, fuels, water, chemicals and packaging, treatment of exported wastes and wastewater, outbound transport, retail, thawing, cooking and consumption are outside the foreground. They remain recursive inputs or downstream datasets when a cradle-to-gate or life-cycle model is assembled. The product must have reached a thermal centre temperature of -18 °C or colder after thermal stabilization and remain at -18 °C or colder in frozen storage (fao-who-cxc-8-1976).

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.meat-of-buffalo-frozen
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 21132, “Meat of buffalo, frozen” (unsd-cpc-3-0-2025)
covered_products	Uncooked, packed, deboned skeletal buffalo meat that is quick-frozen and dispatched from frozen storage
excluded_products	Fresh or chilled buffalo meat; carcasses; bone-in cuts; edible offal; minced, mechanically separated, cured, cooked or otherwise prepared meat; mixed-species products
representative_product	Commercial deboned buffalo cuts and trimmings packed as one frozen product grade; saleable bones, fat, hide, blood and edible offal remain separate co-products
production_route	Integrated plant: live-animal receiving and lairage → slaughter and dressing → carcass chilling → cutting and deboning → packaging → blast freezing and frozen storage → factory gate
market_state	Frozen, packed, uncooked, deboned product at the producing plant gate

The CPC explanatory-note PDF contains an internal inconsistency: the class title and exclusion identify frozen buffalo meat, while one inclusion line says “fresh or chilled.” This PCR follows the official class title and explicit fresh-or-chilled exclusion; the inconsistency is disclosed for review (unsd-cpc-3-0-2025).

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Packed, deboned, quick-frozen buffalo meat from the declared integrated route
How much	1,000 kg net product mass, excluding pallet and transport packaging
How well	Buffalo species declared; deboned; uncooked; primary and outer packaging declared; thermal centre ≤ -18 °C; no carcass, bone-in meat, edible offal or other co-product included
How long or cycle	One production lot through blast freezing plus the declared number of frozen-storage tonne-days before the factory-gate transfer
reference_flow_link	Tiangong Product flow be81d099-544d-4fdf-be56-81f76427d52f

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Meat of buffalo, frozen / 冷冻水牛肉; Tiangong UUID be81d099-544d-4fdf-be56-81f76427d52f
Reference flow property	Mass; Tiangong UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species_or_commercial_buffalo_designation; deboned=true; uncooked=true; freezing_method; thermal_centre_temperature_c; frozen_storage_temperature_c; frozen_storage_duration_days; net_product_mass_kg; primary_packaging; outer_packaging; plant_geography; reference_period; co_product_allocation_method

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent field. The product-flow UUID identifies the CPC product class; it does not by itself prove the deboned route qualifier.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_mass	Animals, meat, carcass, co-products, wastes, packaging and chemicals	Mass	kg	Use calibrated scale records; report wet/as-received mass and do not mix carcass, bone-in and deboned product masses.
mu_water	Potable and process water; wastewater	Volume	m3	Use line or area meters corrected for opening and closing inventories; wastewater may use a calibrated discharge meter or a documented water balance.
mu_electricity	Electricity	Energy	kWh	Use submetered import by process; where one meter serves loads, allocate by measured runtime and rated or logged load and disclose the calculation.
mu_fuel	Natural gas	Net calorific energy	MJ	Convert metered fuel volume or mass using a supplier or jurisdiction-specific net calorific value for the same period.
mu_temperature	Product thermal centre and cold-room air	Temperature	°C	Use calibrated sensors and retained time-stamped records; confirm the product thermal centre reaches ≤ -18 °C after stabilization.
mu_storage	Frozen storage	Mass-time	tonne-day	Multiply daily mean net frozen-product inventory in tonnes by elapsed storage days.
mu_refrigerant	Ammonia make-up and release	Mass	kg	Reconcile opening/closing charge, additions and recovery; do not infer zero release from a missing log.
mu_air_emission	Fossil carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides	Mass	kg	Use source-specific measurement where available; otherwise use fuel use and an identified jurisdictional factor, keeping pollutant identities separate.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Live buffalo accepted at the integrated plant receiving point after inbound transport
starting_condition_role	External product input to animal_receiving_lairage
product_classification_scope	Only CPC 3.0 21132 frozen buffalo meat with the additional deboned, packed and uncooked route qualifiers
recursive_input_rule	Upstream datasets are required for live buffalo, electricity, natural gas, potable water supply, cleaning chemicals, refrigerant and packaging when constructing broader models
upstream_dataset_requirement	Geography-, technology- and period-representative datasets; live-buffalo dataset must not be substituted by cattle without an explicit proxy disclosure and sensitivity test
disclosure	Declare whether slaughter, deboning, freezing and storage are co-located; disclose any external cold store, omitted support process, frozen-storage duration and cut-off

Included foreground operations are animal holding, potable-water use, stunning/bleeding/dressing, segregation of edible and inedible material, chilling, temperature-controlled deboning, packaging, quick freezing, frozen storage, refrigeration loss, cleaning and sanitation, wastewater generation, solid residues, and on-site combustion emissions. Codex requires hygienic separation, controlled deboning and packaging, rapid cooling and cold-chain records (fao-who-cxc-58-2005; fao-who-cxc-8-1976). Resource, wastewater, waste and refrigerant inventories are mandatory because they are explicit environmental-performance inventory elements for slaughterhouses (eu-sa-bat-2023-2749).

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
animal_receiving_lairage	Animal receiving and lairage	required	Always	Foreground transformation	Accepted live-buffalo mass
slaughter_dressing	Slaughter and dressing	required	Always	Foreground transformation	Hot dressed-carcass mass
carcass_chilling	Carcass chilling	required	Always	Foreground transformation	Chilled-carcass mass
cutting_deboning	Cutting and deboning	required	Always	Foreground transformation	Unpacked deboned-meat mass
packaging	Primary and outer packaging	required	Always	Foreground transformation	Packed chilled-meat mass
blast_freezing_storage	Blast freezing and frozen storage	required	Always	Foreground transformation	1,000 kg net reference product plus declared tonne-days
hygiene_sanitation	Plant hygiene and sanitation	required	Always; allocate by served area or verified activity driver	Foreground support	Normalized to 1,000 kg reference product

Process: Animal receiving and lairage (animal_receiving_lairage)

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted live buffalo (live_buffalo_input)

Live buffalo crossing the plant gate are the sole animal feedstock for the declared species-specific route.

• Selected flow: Accepted live buffalo
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighbridge or individual live-weight records normalized to 1,000 kg reference product; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 2000
  • Upper: 4000
  • Unit: kg/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Lairage potable water (lairage_water_input)

Potable water supplied for animal drinking and lairage washing is recorded separately from later process water.

• Selected flow: Lairage potable water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: receiving-area meter or documented allocation; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Lairage electricity (lairage_electricity_input)

Grid electricity for lighting, ventilation, pumps and animal-handling equipment is a distinct energy carrier.

• Selected flow: Lairage electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: receiving-area submeter or documented load-time allocation; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Slaughter-ready buffalo (slaughter_ready_buffalo_output)

Animals released from lairage transfer as an internal product flow to slaughter without changing species identity.

• Selected flow: Slaughter-ready buffalo
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: transferred live weight or reconciled accepted weight and lairage losses; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Waste flows

Lairage manure and bedding (lairage_manure_output)

Collected faeces, urine-bound solids and used bedding leave the process as a separately weighed wet solid waste.

• Selected flow: Lairage manure and bedding
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: container weights net of tare, with dry matter recommended; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Lairage wastewater (lairage_wastewater_output)

Wash water and animal-contaminated drainage are recorded before on-site or external treatment.

• Selected flow: Lairage wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: area discharge meter or water balance; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Elementary flows

Process: Slaughter and dressing (slaughter_dressing)

Inputs

Product flows

Slaughter-ready buffalo (slaughter_ready_buffalo_input)

The internal live-animal flow enters stunning, bleeding, hide removal, evisceration and dressing.

• Selected flow: Slaughter-ready buffalo
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: identical transfer quantity from slaughter_ready_buffalo_output; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Slaughter potable water (slaughter_water_input)

Potable water for carcass contact, equipment washing and slaughter-floor operations is separately metered.

• Selected flow: Slaughter potable water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: slaughter-floor meter; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 8
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Slaughter electricity (slaughter_electricity_input)

Electricity for conveyors, hoists, saws, ventilation and pumps is isolated from refrigeration electricity.

• Selected flow: Slaughter electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: slaughter-line submeter; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 20
  • Upper: 300
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Hot dressed buffalo carcass (hot_carcass_output)

The eviscerated dressed carcass is weighed hot and transferred to chilling; it is an intermediate, not the reference product.

• Selected flow: Hot dressed buffalo carcass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calibrated hot-carcass scale; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Edible buffalo offal (edible_offal_output)

Inspected edible organs are a separate co-product and must not be averaged into deboned frozen meat.

• Selected flow: Edible buffalo offal
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: edible-offal scale and sales ledger; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_record
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-pef-2021-2279

Buffalo hide (hide_output)

Removed hides sold for further processing are recorded as a distinct co-product at wet dispatch mass.

• Selected flow: Buffalo hide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: dispatch scale and sales ledger; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_record
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Collected buffalo blood (blood_output)

Blood intentionally collected and sold or transferred for recovery is a separate product output; uncollected blood belongs in wastewater, not here.

• Selected flow: Collected buffalo blood
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: tank mass or volume-density conversion and disposition record; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_record
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Gut contents (gut_contents_output)

Digestive-tract contents removed during evisceration are recorded as wet solid waste, distinct from edible offal.

• Selected flow: Gut contents
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: dedicated container mass net of tare; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Inedible slaughter material (inedible_slaughter_material_output)

Condemned tissue and other inedible animal material are separately weighed and assigned their actual treatment route.

• Selected flow: Inedible slaughter material
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: container mass by destination; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Slaughter wastewater (slaughter_wastewater_output)

Blood-bearing and wash wastewater leaves the slaughter process before treatment and is not combined with solid residues.

• Selected flow: Slaughter wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: slaughter drainage meter or documented water balance; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Elementary flows

Process: Carcass chilling (carcass_chilling)

Inputs

Product flows

Hot dressed buffalo carcass (hot_carcass_input)

The weighed hot carcass enters controlled chilling without being treated as saleable frozen meat.

• Selected flow: Hot dressed buffalo carcass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: identical transfer quantity from hot_carcass_output; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Chilling electricity (chilling_electricity_input)

Electricity for refrigeration compressors, fans and pumps serving carcass chillers is submetered separately.

• Selected flow: Chilling electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: chiller-system submeter; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 20
  • Upper: 250
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Chilling ammonia make-up (chilling_ammonia_input)

Anhydrous ammonia added to the refrigeration circuit serving carcass chilling is a separately reconciled material input.

• Selected flow: Chilling ammonia make-up
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: make-up, recovery and charge records allocated to the chilling circuit; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_log
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Chilled buffalo carcass (chilled_carcass_output)

Chilled carcass mass is measured before cutting so chilling loss is visible in the mass balance.

• Selected flow: Chilled buffalo carcass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calibrated rail or batch scale after chilling; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Ammonia to air from chilling (chilling_ammonia_air_output)

Unrecovered ammonia loss from the chilling circuit is reported as a specific elementary emission, never as generic “refrigerant.”

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air from chilling
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: reconciled make-up less documented recovery and stock change; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_log
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Process: Cutting and deboning (cutting_deboning)

Inputs

Product flows

Chilled buffalo carcass (chilled_carcass_input)

Only chilled buffalo carcass assigned to the declared deboning line enters this process.

• Selected flow: Chilled buffalo carcass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: identical transfer quantity from chilled_carcass_output; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Cutting potable water (cutting_water_input)

Potable water used in temperature-controlled cutting and equipment rinsing is metered separately from sanitation water.

• Selected flow: Cutting potable water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: cutting-room meter; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Cutting electricity (cutting_electricity_input)

Electricity for saws, conveyors, trim tables and room conditioning is distinct from blast-freezer electricity.

• Selected flow: Cutting electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: cutting-room submeter or documented load-time allocation; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Unpacked deboned buffalo meat (deboned_meat_output)

Meat released from bones and approved for the declared frozen grade transfers to packaging as a measured intermediate.

• Selected flow: Unpacked deboned buffalo meat
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calibrated line or batch scale; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Food-grade buffalo fat and trimmings (food_grade_trim_output)

Saleable fat or meat trimmings diverted to another food product are recorded as a co-product, not blended into the reference flow.

• Selected flow: Food-grade buffalo fat and trimmings
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: dedicated scale and sales/disposition record; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_record
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Food-grade buffalo bones (food_grade_bones_output)

Clean bones sold for food or ingredient processing are weighed as a distinct co-product.

• Selected flow: Food-grade buffalo bones
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: dedicated scale and sales/disposition record; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_record
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste flows

Inedible cutting trim (inedible_cutting_trim_output)

Condemned or otherwise inedible cutting residues are weighed separately from saleable fat, trimmings and bones.

• Selected flow: Inedible cutting trim
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: container mass by treatment destination; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Cutting wastewater (cutting_wastewater_output)

Drainage from cutting and equipment rinsing is recorded before treatment.

• Selected flow: Cutting wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: cutting-room discharge meter or water balance; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Elementary flows

Process: Primary and outer packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Unpacked deboned buffalo meat (deboned_meat_input)

The complete measured deboned-meat intermediate enters packaging without inclusion of bones or offal.

• Selected flow: Unpacked deboned buffalo meat
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: identical transfer quantity from deboned_meat_output; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005

Polyethylene primary packaging (pe_packaging_input)

Food-contact polyethylene film or bags retained with the product are recorded by polymer and mass.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene primary packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: issued packages plus opening inventory minus closing inventory and scrap; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_ledger
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 5
  • Upper: 40
  • Unit: kg/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Corrugated outer cartons (carton_packaging_input)

Corrugated cartons dispatched with the reference product are recorded separately from polyethylene.

• Selected flow: Corrugated outer cartons
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: carton issue and inventory records net of scrap; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_ledger
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 20
  • Upper: 120
  • Unit: kg/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Packaging electricity (packaging_electricity_input)

Electricity for vacuum sealing, conveyors and carton forming is separately measured or allocated.

• Selected flow: Packaging electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: packaging-line submeter or load-time allocation; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packed chilled deboned buffalo meat (packed_chilled_meat_output)

Sealed and cartoned chilled meat transfers as one internal product flow to blast freezing.

• Selected flow: Packed chilled deboned buffalo meat
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: net meat mass, excluding packaging, reconciled to packed units; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Polyethylene packaging scrap (pe_packaging_scrap_output)

Off-cuts and rejected polyethylene generated before product dispatch are weighed as a distinct waste material.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene packaging scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: polymer-specific scrap containers net of tare; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Corrugated-cardboard scrap (carton_scrap_output)

Rejected and trimmed corrugated board is weighed separately from plastic scrap.

• Selected flow: Corrugated-cardboard scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: cardboard scrap containers net of tare; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_weighing
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Elementary flows

Process: Blast freezing and frozen storage (blast_freezing_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Packed chilled deboned buffalo meat (packed_chilled_meat_input)

Packed chilled product enters the blast freezer promptly and remains segregated from bone-in and other-species products.

• Selected flow: Packed chilled deboned buffalo meat
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: identical net meat quantity from packed_chilled_meat_output; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass_balance
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Freezing and frozen-storage electricity (freezing_storage_electricity_input)

Electricity for blast-freezer compressors, fans, pumps and frozen-store refrigeration is recorded as one identified load with blast and storage subloads recommended.

• Selected flow: Freezing and frozen-storage electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: refrigeration submeter, with storage component normalized by tonne-day; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-8-1976, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 50
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 30
  • Unit: kWh/tonne-day
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Freezing-system ammonia make-up (freezing_ammonia_input)

Anhydrous ammonia added to the blast-freezer and frozen-store circuit is reconciled separately from chilling-circuit make-up.

• Selected flow: Freezing-system ammonia make-up
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: make-up, recovery and charge records for the freezing/storage circuit; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_log
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Deboned frozen buffalo meat at factory gate (frozen_buffalo_meat_output)

This is the sole quantitative reference: net packed, deboned, uncooked buffalo meat whose thermal centre has reached ≤ -18 °C and whose frozen storage is declared.

• Selected flow: Deboned frozen buffalo meat at factory gate be81d099-544d-4fdf-be56-81f76427d52f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calibrated dispatch scale and lot-level temperature release record; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reference_product
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-2025, fao-who-cxc-8-1976

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Ammonia to air from freezing and storage (freezing_ammonia_air_output)

Unrecovered ammonia loss from the freezing and storage circuit is reported as a specific elementary emission.

• Selected flow: Ammonia to air from freezing and storage
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: reconciled make-up less documented recovery and stock change; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_log
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Process: Plant hygiene and sanitation (hygiene_sanitation)

Inputs

Product flows

Sanitation potable water (sanitation_water_input)

Potable water for cleaning and disinfection outside production-time process-water records is separately metered.

• Selected flow: Sanitation potable water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: sanitation header meter allocated by cleaned area or cleaning duration; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources: fao-who-cxc-58-2005, eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.5
  • Upper: 6
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Sanitation electricity (sanitation_electricity_input)

Electricity for pressure washing, foam systems, pumps and cleaning support is not hidden within generic utilities.

• Selected flow: Sanitation electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: sanitation equipment meter or load-time allocation; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Natural gas for sanitation hot water (sanitation_natural_gas_input)

Natural gas burned on site to produce sanitation hot water is a distinct fuel input; purchased steam must instead be an explicitly named steam flow.

• Selected flow: Natural gas for sanitation hot water
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: boiler meter and period-specific net calorific value; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_natural_gas_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
• Range: Provisional QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 100
  • Upper: 1500
  • Unit: MJ/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: replace or confirm with measured buffalo-route records
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent (sodium_hydroxide_input)

Sodium hydroxide used in alkaline cleaning is recorded as delivered active substance, not as an aggregate “cleaning chemical.”

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: solution mass multiplied by documented active concentration; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_ledger
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Peracetic acid sanitizer (peracetic_acid_input)

Peracetic acid sanitizer is recorded separately from alkaline cleaner as delivered active substance.

• Selected flow: Peracetic acid sanitizer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: solution mass multiplied by documented active concentration; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_ledger
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Sanitation wastewater (sanitation_wastewater_output)

Cleaning and disinfection drainage is recorded before treatment and kept distinct from water inputs.

• Selected flow: Sanitation wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: sanitation discharge meter or documented water balance; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_meter
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (sanitation_fossil_co2_air_output)

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site natural-gas combustion is reported separately from other air emissions.

• Selected flow: Fossil carbon dioxide to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: stack measurement or metered fuel multiplied by an identified jurisdictional factor; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emissions
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

Nitrogen oxides to air (sanitation_nox_air_output)

Nitrogen oxides from the sanitation hot-water boiler are quantified as the explicitly declared reporting species, such as NOx as NO2.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: stack measurement or metered fuel multiplied by an identified jurisdictional factor; normalize to the declared reference flow
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emissions
• Sources: eu-sa-bat-2023-2749

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_subdivide_first	All processes	Subdivide metered inputs, wastes and emissions by physical line or process before any allocation.	eu-pef-2021-2279
al_direct_causality	Chilling, deboning, packaging, freezing and storage	Assign flows directly to the product or co-product that causes them using mass throughput, runtime, refrigerated volume or tonne-day only where that driver is demonstrably causal.	eu-pef-2021-2279
al_slaughter_coproducts	Slaughter and dressing	Keep carcass, edible offal, hide and collected blood as separate outputs. Where subdivision is impossible, use a site-specific economic allocation based on contemporaneous plant-gate revenue and disclose masses, prices, period and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
al_deboning_coproducts	Cutting and deboning	Keep deboned meat, saleable fat/trimmings and food-grade bones separate. Apply the same subdivision-first and site-specific economic fallback hierarchy.	eu-pef-2021-2279
al_no_bovine_default	All co-products	Do not apply cattle default allocation factors to buffalo; the cited PEF slaughterhouse defaults do not provide a buffalo factor.	eu-pef-2021-2279
al_waste_no_credit	Wastes	A zero-revenue waste receives no co-product allocation, but the generating process retains collection and pre-treatment burdens. Any avoided-burden scenario must be reported separately.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass_balance	all route processes	animal, intermediate, meat, co-product, solid waste	scale record	timestamp, lot, flow id, gross, tare, net	calibrated scale export	kg	each lot	representative 12 months preferred	declared plant and line	sum by flow and lot; reconcile transfers	calibration and reconciliation
cp_reference_product	blast_freezing_storage	reference output	release record	lot, net mass, thermal-centre trace, store trace, release time	scale plus temperature logger	kg	each lot	study period	declared plant	sum released conforming lots	scale calibration and signed release
cp_water_meter	applicable process	potable water	meter record	opening, closing, reset, downtime	calibrated meter	m3	daily or batch	study period	process area	difference minus documented non-route use	meter calibration and water balance
cp_wastewater_meter	applicable process	wastewater	meter or balance	discharge volume, diversion, inventory	calibrated meter; balance only if meter absent	m3	daily	study period	drainage area	sum by process; no double count	meter QA or closure evidence
cp_electricity_meter	applicable process	electricity	meter record	import, export, runtime, load	submeter; engineering allocation if absent	kWh	hourly/daily	study period	process/load	sum imports net of export	meter check and allocation file
cp_natural_gas_meter	hygiene_sanitation	natural gas	invoice/meter	volume, pressure, temperature, NCV	boiler meter and supplier NCV	MJ	daily/monthly	study period	sanitation boiler	convert to net calorific energy	invoice and conversion record
cp_packaging_ledger	packaging	packaging material	inventory record	opening, receipts, closing, scrap, polymer/grade	stock reconciliation	kg	batch/month	study period	packaging line	opening + receipts - closing - scrap	purchase and stock ledger
cp_coproduct_record	slaughter/deboning	saleable co-product	scale and sales record	mass, price, currency, date, destination	scale joined to sales ledger	kg	each dispatch	same period as reference product	declared plant	mass and revenue by co-product	scale, invoice, price-period evidence
cp_waste_weighing	applicable process	solid waste	waste ticket	flow id, gross, tare, destination	container scale or haulier ticket	kg	each movement	study period	generating area	sum net wet mass by flow and destination	ticket and tare record
cp_refrigerant_log	chilling/freezing	ammonia	maintenance log	charge, additions, recovered mass, date, circuit	refrigerant reconciliation	kg	each event and annual closure	study period plus opening/closing state	named circuit	additions + opening - closing - recovered	service record and charge inventory
cp_chemical_ledger	hygiene_sanitation	NaOH or peracetic acid	issue record	solution mass, concentration, product	stock reconciliation and SDS concentration	kg active	batch/month	study period	sanitation system	solution mass × active fraction	SDS and inventory ledger
cp_combustion_emissions	hygiene_sanitation	CO2 fossil or NOx	stack/factor calculation	fuel, NCV, factor, pollutant basis	measurement preferred; named factor fallback	kg	campaign/month	study period	sanitation boiler	measured emission or fuel × factor	test report or factor citation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
cr_normalize	Every inventory flow	normalized amount = period flow × 1,000 / conforming net reference-product kg	period flow; conforming product mass	amount per 1,000 kg	eu-pef-2021-2279
cr_transfer_match	Internal product flows	Upstream output and downstream input must match by lot before losses in the next process are calculated.	paired transfer records	reconciled internal flow	eu-pef-2021-2279
cr_mass_closure	Each transformation	Report mass inputs - product outputs - waste outputs - measured mass loss; investigate absolute unexplained imbalance above 2% of total mass input.	mass records	closure and unexplained balance	none; threshold is reasoned_estimate
cr_storage_energy	Frozen storage	storage intensity = frozen-store electricity / tonne-days; add lot-attributed blast-freezing electricity separately.	kWh; daily inventory; days	kWh per reference product	fao-who-cxc-8-1976
cr_refrigerant_release	Chilling/freezing	release = opening charge + additions - closing charge - recovered amount; negative results require investigation.	circuit refrigerant log	kg ammonia to air	eu-sa-bat-2023-2749
cr_economic_allocation	Unsubdividable co-product burden	allocated share_i = revenue_i / sum positive co-product revenue; report price basis and sensitivity.	mass, plant-gate price, period	allocated burden share	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_route_identity	Dataset	Demonstrate buffalo species, deboned route, product grade, pack format and frozen release condition; do not merge carcass or bone-in products.	lot specification, labels, process map
dq_temporal	Foreground	Prefer one complete recent 12-month period covering seasonal throughput; shorter campaigns must disclose dates and storage conditions.	meter and production coverage report
dq_technology	Foreground	Identify stunning/dressing technology, deboning configuration, packaging equipment, refrigerant, freezer type and cold-store arrangement.	equipment list and process description
dq_geography	Foreground/upstream	Declare plant geography, electricity market, water source, fuel specification and waste/wastewater destinations.	site and supplier records
dq_metering	Utilities	State metered share and every engineering allocation; generic unquantified “utilities” are prohibited.	meter register and allocation workbook
dq_estimate_replacement	Provisional ranges	All reasoned_estimate ranges in this candidate PCR are QA flags only and must be replaced or confirmed by measured buffalo-route records before review.	comparison table and reviewer disposition
dq_source_gap	Quantitative claims	Do not use cattle/pig/sheep/goat BAT or PEF numeric defaults as buffalo values; any proxy needs justification and sensitivity.	source/species check

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
vr_reference_uuid	Reference flow identity	Reference output UUID equals be81d099-544d-4fdf-be56-81f76427d52f, flow type is Product flow, CPC is 21132, and flow property is Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
vr_reference_amount	Reference amount	Quantitative reference equals 1,000 kg net deboned frozen buffalo meat.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
vr_temperature	Freezing and frozen storage	A calibrated record shows product thermal centre ≤ -18 °C after stabilization and frozen storage ≤ -18 °C.	fao-who-cxc-8-1976
vr_route_complete	Required process route	All seven required processes are present or a disclosed equivalent preserves every inventory boundary.	ec-jrc-sa-bref-2024
vr_atomic_flows	All foreground exchanges	Electricity, natural gas, water, wastewater, ammonia, packaging, chemicals, solid residues, fossil CO2 and NOx remain separate atomic flows.	eu-sa-bat-2023-2749; eu-pef-2021-2279
vr_transfer_balance	Internal transfers	Each internal product-flow output matches the next process input by lot.	eu-pef-2021-2279
vr_species_product_separation	Reference product and co-products	Carcass, bone-in meat, edible offal, hide, blood, bones and saleable trim are not included in the reference product mass.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
vr_allocation	Shared burdens and co-products	Subdivision is attempted first; any economic fallback discloses buffalo-specific masses, prices, period and sensitivity and uses no cattle default factor.	eu-pef-2021-2279
vr_storage_duration	Frozen storage	Frozen-storage duration and tonne-days are declared; storage electricity is not represented as an unqualified monthly total.	fao-who-cxc-8-1976
vr_estimates	Reasoned estimates	Every reasoned_estimate is flagged as provisional and accompanied by a replacement or confirmation record.	eu-pef-2021-2279
vr_uuid_resolution	Non-reference UUID fields	Non-reference Tiangong UUIDs remain unresolved and must not be invented; resolve them before a UUID-bearing exchange is published.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground unit-process package and factory-gate aggregation for one deboned frozen buffalo-meat route
downstream_use	Cradle-to-gate or life-cycle models after linking upstream supply and downstream treatment/market datasets
allowed_use	Site-specific LCA, EPD/PCR development support, process improvement and audited inventory compilation where route qualifiers match
excluded_use	Generic cattle or mixed-meat proxy; carcass, bone-in, offal, minced or prepared buffalo products; unqualified national average
required_metadata	Reference qualifiers, geography, period, technology, process map, meter coverage, mass balance, allocation, co-product masses/prices, frozen-storage duration, temperature evidence, treatment destinations
required_quality_disclosure	All proxies, exclusions, engineering allocations, reasoned estimates, unresolved UUIDs and deviations from the seven-process map
update_trigger	Material change in species/product specification, yield, allocation, refrigerant, freezer, energy source, packaging, storage duration, plant geography or evidence base

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, class 21132, 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Official class title and explicit exclusion; internal wording inconsistency disclosed.
fao-who-cxc-58-2005	standard	Codex Alimentarius, Code of Hygienic Practice for Meat, CXC 58-2005. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXC%2B58-2005%252FCXC_058e.pdf	Verified process sequence, separation, potable water, controlled deboning/packaging, chilling/freezing and storage records.
fao-who-cxc-8-1976	standard	Codex Alimentarius, Code of Practice for the Processing and Handling of Quick Frozen Foods, CXC 8-1976. https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/sh-proxy/en/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCXC%2B8-1976%252FCXC_008e.pdf	Verified quick-freezing qualifier, thermal-centre and storage temperature, packaging, rapid transfer and temperature-record requirements.
eu-sa-bat-2023-2749	official_guidance	European Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2023/2749, BAT conclusions for slaughterhouses and animal by-products. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ:L_202302749	Verified mandatory inventory attention to energy, water, wastewater, waste, chemicals and refrigerant loss; species-specific cattle numeric levels were not adopted for buffalo.
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on Environmental Footprint methods. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279	Verified company-specific collection, subdivision-first allocation hierarchy and slaughterhouse economic fallback; non-buffalo default factors were not adopted.
ec-jrc-sa-bref-2024	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Slaughterhouses, Animal By-products and Edible Co-products BREF, 2024, DOI 10.2760/18199. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC135916	Official scope corroboration only; no BREF numeric value is used in this PCR.

OpenAlex screening was completed centrally through paper-search search -s openalex with four route-focused queries covering water-buffalo meat, slaughter, deboning, blast freezing, frozen storage, LCA, energy, water, wastewater, waste, refrigerant and emissions. Thirty result records were screened. None directly documented the declared deboned frozen-water-buffalo factory route or supplied applicable foreground LCI rules or values; broad livestock, buffalo-milk, cattle-slaughterhouse, cultured-meat and food-quality hits were rejected. No OpenAlex metadata, abstract, search snippet or unverified paper supports any rule or value in this PCR.