Hat-forms, hat bodies and hoods of felt; plateaux and manchons of felt; hat-shapes, plaited or made by assembling strips of any material

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for the manufacture of unfinished felt hat-forms, hat bodies, hoods, plateaux and manchons, and for unfinished hat-shapes plaited or made by assembling strips of any material. It covers the felt route from received prepared wool or fur fibre and the plaited/strip route from received splints, plait, or specific strips through the declared CPC 28261 factory-gate state.

The reference product shall be neither blocked to a final hat shape nor supplied with a made brim. A plaited or strip-assembled hat-shape shall also be unlined and untrimmed. Finished hats, final style blocking, made-brim formation, lining, bands, decorative trimming, retail packing, distribution, use, and end-of-life are outside this PCR. Raw animal rearing, pelt curing, fur separation, wool scouring, crop cultivation, paper or polymer production, and purchased material manufacture are upstream processes represented by linked supplier or secondary datasets.

Two route families are permitted and shall not be averaged without a disclosed representative mix: (a) felt fibre preparation, web/cone formation, hardening/fulling, conditional dyeing/rinsing, and drying; and (b) plait preparation when onsite, continuous-coil sewing or specific strip assembly, and delivery before final blocking. A concrete dataset shall contain only applicable atomic exchanges. If an actual chemical, strip material, fuel, refrigerant, packaging component, waste, or emission is not named by a card below, the foreground package shall add a separate chemically or physically specific exchange; it shall not substitute a collection label.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.knitted-or-crocheted-fabrics-wearing-apparel.hat-forms-hat-bodies-and-hoods-of-felt-plateaux-and-manchons-of-felt-hat-shapes-plaited-3c814837
classification_refs	CPC Ver. 3.0: 28261 (exact)
covered_products	Unfinished felt hat-forms, hat bodies, hoods, plateaux, and manchons; unfinished hat-shapes plaited or assembled from strips of a declared material
excluded_products	Finished hats and other headgear; products blocked to final shape; products with made brims; plaited/strip shapes that are lined or trimmed; hat foundations, frames, peaks, chinstraps, and non-headgear felt sheet
representative_product	One declared-route unfinished hat body or hat-shape meeting the CPC 28261 state restrictions
production_route	felt_wool, felt_fur, plaited_straw, or assembled_specific_strip; declare any route combination and its mass shares
market_state	Factory-gate intermediate for downstream hat making; unblocked to final shape, without made brim, and for plaited/strip shapes unlined and untrimmed

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Delivery of a conforming unfinished hat-form, body, hood, plateau, manchon, or unblocked plaited/strip-assembled hat-shape for downstream hat manufacture
How much	1 kg net reference product
How well	The material, route, product form, moisture state, colour/finish state, and CPC 28261 unfinished market state are declared and verified
How long or cycle	One production lot at the factory gate; no service duration is assigned to this intermediate product
reference_flow_link	reference_hat_form_product_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net reference product
Reference product flow	Hat-forms, hat bodies and hoods of felt, plateaux and manchons of felt, hat-shapes, plaited or made by assembling strips of any material ef72f4d7-8f9e-401f-bcff-8dc295e94396
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	route; fibre species or strip material and composition; product form; unblocked/no-made-brim state; lining and trimming absence where applicable; moisture content at weighing; dyeing/fulling status; geography; technology; reference year; packaging inclusion

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Packaging is reported as an input but excluded from the 1 kg net product mass.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize the dataset to exactly 1 kg net conforming CPC 28261 product at the factory gate.
net_product_mass	reference product and packaging	Mass	kg	Exclude transport packaging, pallets, reusable racks, and rejected product from reference-product mass; report them as separate exchanges when applicable.
moisture_declaration	felt fibre, wet felt body, and dry felt body	Mass	kg	Record the moisture content or dry-matter basis associated with every hand-off mass so wet-to-dry mass changes remain auditable.
item_to_mass_conversion	item-count production records	Mass	kg	Convert counts or dozens to mass using lot-specific sampled net mass and retain the sample size, date, and variability.
energy_preservation	electricity, steam, and natural gas	Energy	kWh or MJ	Preserve the measured energy unit; when conversion is required, record the factor and source and do not combine electricity, steam, or fuel into one exchange.
volume_to_mass_conversion	water and wastewater	Mass	kg	Convert measured volume using the contemporaneous measured density or a documented water-density assumption and retain the original volume record.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_starting_materials	all routes	Start at receipt of prepared/scoured felt fibre, straw splints or plait, or a declared specific strip material; upstream fibre, crop, pulp, polymer, and animal-skin processing shall be linked, not silently absorbed.	historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013; eu-ef-method-2021
boundary_required_operations	applicable route	Include all directly controlled material preparation, felt formation/fulling, wet finishing, drying, plaiting, assembly, inspection, and packaging operations that occur before the declared factory gate.	historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013; us-epa-textile-mills-1982
boundary_product_state	reference product	Stop before final style blocking or made-brim formation and, for plaited or strip-assembled shapes, before lining or trimming.	eurlex-cn-headgear-2010; un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025
boundary_upstream_inputs	purchased products and services	Link every purchased fibre, strip, chemical, utility, and packaging input to a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream dataset; keep its foreground amount visible.	eu-ef-method-2021
boundary_exclusions	downstream life cycle	Exclude finished-hat blocking, stiffening performed only after final blocking, made brims, lining, bands, decorative trimming, distribution, use, and end-of-life from this factory-gate dataset.	eurlex-cn-headgear-2010; historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Prepared felt-forming fibre, wheat-straw splints or plait, or each declared specific strip material received at the foreground facility
starting_condition_role	The point at which category-specific hat-body or hat-shape manufacture begins; upstream material production remains linked
product_classification_scope	CPC Ver. 3.0 28261, constrained by the unfinished market-state tests in this PCR
recursive_input_rule	A purchased input already within CPC 28261 is recorded as one visible product input with an upstream dataset and declared mass; do not recursively re-create its manufacture, and include only the receiving facility's additional operations
upstream_dataset_requirement	Supplier-specific data are preferred; otherwise use a temporally, geographically, and technologically representative secondary dataset and disclose the substitution
disclosure	Declare route, material/species, purchased-versus-onsite intermediate status, included wet processes, excluded finishing operations, net moisture basis, geography, technology, reference year, and packaging scope

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
felt_fibre_preparation	Felt fibre preparation and web formation	conditional	Required for the felt route when prepared wool or prepared fur fibres are opened, blended, carded, or deposited into a web within the foreground facility.	Foreground material preparation	Per kg net CPC 28261 reference product
felt_body_formation_fulling	Felt body formation, hardening, and fulling	conditional	Required for the felt route; include only the fulling chemistry actually used and keep every chemical as a separate exchange.	Foreground felt body manufacture	Per kg net CPC 28261 reference product
felt_body_conditioning	Conditional felt-body dyeing, rinsing, and drying	conditional	Include when dyeing, additional rinsing, generic hood opening, or drying occurs before the CPC 28261 factory gate; final style blocking, made-brim formation, lining, and trimming remain excluded.	Foreground wet finishing and conditioning	Per kg net CPC 28261 reference product
straw_plait_preparation	Onsite wheat-straw splint preparation and plaiting	conditional	Include only when wheat-straw splints are softened, flattened, clipped, and plaited inside the foreground boundary; purchased plait enters the next process directly.	Foreground plait manufacture	Per kg net CPC 28261 reference product
strip_hat_shape_assembly	Plaited or strip-assembled unfinished hat-shape assembly	conditional	Required for the plaited or strip-assembled route. Record only actual materials; any material not listed below requires a new dedicated atomic foreground exchange rather than a generic strip-material row.	Foreground hat-shape assembly	Per kg net CPC 28261 reference product
final_inspection_packaging	Final inspection, net-mass determination, and packaging	required	Always include for the declared factory-gate product; one and only one route-specific unfinished product input is applicable.	Foreground finalization and reference-product delivery	1 kg net CPC 28261 reference product

Process: Felt fibre preparation and web formation (felt_fibre_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Scoured wool fibre input (scoured_wool_fibre_input)

Scoured wool fibre crosses the foreground boundary when wool is the declared felt-forming fibre.

• Selected flow: Scoured wool fibre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the accepted mass from calibrated receiving or batch records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fibre_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Prepared rabbit fur fibre input (prepared_rabbit_fur_fibre_input)

Prepared rabbit fur fibre crosses the foreground boundary only for the declared fur-felt route; raw pelt curing and fur separation remain upstream.

• Selected flow: Prepared rabbit fur fibre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the accepted dry mass from receiving and batch records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fibre_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Electricity for opening, carding, and web formation (electricity_fibre_preparation_input)

Electricity is recorded for foreground fibre opening, blending, carding, air handling, and web-forming equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from equipment-level meter readings allocated to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fibre_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared felt web output (prepared_felt_web_output)

The prepared web is the measured intermediate transferred to the felt-forming and fulling process.

• Selected flow: Prepared felt fibre web
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the transferred mass at the process hand-off.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fibre_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Waste flows

Coarse fibre rejects (coarse_fibre_rejects_output)

Coarse hairs, contaminated fibre, and carding rejects leaving the process are recorded as one specific solid-waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Coarse animal fibre rejects
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh each separately managed reject lot leaving the process.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fibre_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Elementary flows

Airborne fibre dust to air (airborne_fibre_dust_output)

Uncaptured animal-fibre particulate released across the environment boundary is recorded separately from collected solid rejects.

• Selected flow: Animal fibre dust to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure the emission or calculate it from inlet fibre, product, collected reject, and captured-dust records using calc_fibre_dust_release.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_dust_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-bmp-1996

Process: Felt body formation, hardening, and fulling (felt_body_formation_fulling)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared felt web input (prepared_felt_web_input)

The measured prepared web enters cone deposition, hardening, rolling, pressing, and fulling.

• Selected flow: Prepared felt fibre web
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the transferred mass entering the process.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013; us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Process water for felt formation and rinsing (process_water_fulling_input)

Water entering hot-water formation, fulling, washing, or rinsing is recorded as a distinct product input.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record metered water delivered to the process; do not infer it from a generic industry average.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982; us-epa-textile-bmp-1996

Electricity for felt formation and fulling (electricity_fulling_input)

Electricity used by cone-forming, pumps, rollers, presses, and fulling equipment is recorded separately from thermal energy.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from calibrated equipment meters and operating time.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Purchased steam for felt formation and fulling (purchased_steam_fulling_input)

Purchased steam crossing the facility boundary for heating, boiling, or steaming is recorded separately from onsite fuel.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Record supplier-metered delivered steam energy or calculate it from measured steam mass and documented enthalpy.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Sodium carbonate for alkaline fulling or neutralization (sodium_carbonate_fulling_input)

Sodium carbonate is recorded only when the declared alkaline-fulling or neutralization recipe uses it.

• Selected flow: Sodium carbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued mass from batch recipe and chemical inventory records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Sulfuric acid for acid fulling (sulfuric_acid_fulling_input)

Sulfuric acid is recorded only for a declared acid-fulling recipe and never combined with other bath chemicals.

• Selected flow: Sulfuric acid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the mass of formulated acid issued to conforming batches, with concentration retained in metadata.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Hydrogen peroxide for acid fulling (hydrogen_peroxide_fulling_input)

Hydrogen peroxide is recorded separately when it is used in the declared acid-fulling recipe.

• Selected flow: Hydrogen peroxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the mass of formulated peroxide issued to conforming batches, with concentration retained in metadata.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Outputs

Product flows

Wet felt body output (wet_felt_body_output)

The compacted wet form or body is weighed or calculated at the process hand-off before conditional wet finishing and drying.

• Selected flow: Wet felt hat body
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record wet mass and moisture content at the process hand-off.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Waste flows

Spent fulling bath wastewater (fulling_bath_wastewater_output)

The discharged fulling bath is recorded as one specific wastewater exchange, separate from subsequent rinse water and solid fibre waste.

• Selected flow: Spent fulling bath wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record effluent-meter mass or volume converted using measured or documented density.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Felt fulling rinse wastewater (fulling_rinse_wastewater_output)

Wastewater from post-fulling washing and rinsing is recorded independently from the spent fulling bath.

• Selected flow: Felt fulling rinse wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record effluent-meter mass or volume converted using measured or documented density.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_fulling_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Process: Conditional felt-body dyeing, rinsing, and drying (felt_body_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Wet felt body input (wet_felt_body_input)

The wet felt body enters only the conditioning operations performed before the declared factory-gate state.

• Selected flow: Wet felt hat body
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record the transferred wet mass and moisture content.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Process water for dyeing and rinsing (process_water_conditioning_input)

Water supplied to in-house dyeing and post-dye rinsing is recorded separately from steam and electricity.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record metered process water for the included batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982; us-epa-textile-bmp-1996

Electricity for conditioning and drying (electricity_conditioning_input)

Electricity used by dye vessels, pumps, centrifuges, fans, and dryers is recorded as one electricity exchange for this process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from calibrated equipment meters and operating time.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Purchased steam for conditioning and drying (purchased_steam_conditioning_input)

Purchased steam is recorded when delivered across the facility boundary for dye-bath heating, steaming, or drying.

• Selected flow: Steam, purchased
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Record delivered steam energy or calculate it from measured steam mass and documented enthalpy.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Natural gas for onsite conditioning heat (natural_gas_conditioning_input)

Natural gas is recorded only when it is combusted onsite for steam generation, direct heating, or drying within this process.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Record metered lower-heating-value energy assigned to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Outputs

Product flows

Dry unfinished felt hat body output (dry_felt_hat_body_output)

The dried form, body, hood, plateau, or manchon is the route-specific intermediate sent to final inspection without final style blocking or trimming.

• Selected flow: Dry unfinished felt hat body
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net dry product mass and declared moisture content at the process hand-off.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: eurlex-cn-headgear-2010; historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Waste flows

Spent dye bath wastewater (dye_bath_wastewater_output)

The discharged dye bath is recorded as one specific wastewater exchange, separate from rinse wastewater and fulling effluent.

• Selected flow: Spent felt dye bath wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record effluent-meter mass or volume converted using measured or documented density.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Felt dyeing rinse wastewater (dye_rinse_wastewater_output)

Wastewater from rinsing after felt dyeing is recorded independently from the spent dye bath.

• Selected flow: Felt dyeing rinse wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record effluent-meter mass or volume converted using measured or documented density.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-mills-1982

Felt edge-trimming offcuts (felt_trimming_offcuts_output)

Felt removed only to establish the unfinished CPC 28261 body or hood edge is recorded as a separate solid waste.

• Selected flow: Felt edge-trimming offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected offcuts from included batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_felt_conditioning_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from onsite natural-gas combustion (fossil_carbon_dioxide_conditioning_output)

Direct fossil carbon dioxide is reported only when natural gas is combusted within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from metered natural-gas energy and the disclosed approved factor using calc_natural_gas_emissions.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Nitrogen oxides from onsite natural-gas combustion (nitrogen_oxides_conditioning_output)

Direct nitrogen oxides are reported separately from carbon dioxide when natural gas is combusted onsite.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate from metered natural-gas energy and the disclosed approved factor or use stack-test records via calc_natural_gas_emissions.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emission_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Process: Onsite wheat-straw splint preparation and plaiting (straw_plait_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Wheat-straw splints input (wheat_straw_splints_input)

Wheat-straw splints cross the process boundary when the facility makes its own straw plait.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw splints
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record accepted splint mass from receiving and batch records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_straw_plaiting_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Electricity for straw preparation and plaiting (electricity_straw_plaiting_input)

Electricity used by rollers, cutters, and plaiting machinery is recorded separately from later sewing electricity.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from equipment meters and operating time.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_straw_plaiting_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Outputs

Product flows

Wheat-straw plait output (wheat_straw_plait_output)

The flattened and plaited wheat-straw intermediate is measured at transfer to hat-shape assembly.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw plait
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record transferred plait mass.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_straw_plaiting_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Waste flows

Wheat-straw end clippings (straw_clippings_output)

Ends clipped while splints are fed into the plait are recorded as a specific solid-waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw clippings
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected straw clippings.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_straw_plaiting_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Elementary flows

Wheat-straw dust to air (straw_dust_to_air_output)

Uncaptured particulate from rolling and clipping wheat-straw splints is recorded separately from collected clippings.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw dust to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure particulate release or calculate it from a documented process mass balance using calc_straw_dust_release.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_straw_dust_records
• Sources: us-epa-textile-bmp-1996

Process: Plaited or strip-assembled unfinished hat-shape assembly (strip_hat_shape_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Wheat-straw plait for hat-shape assembly (wheat_straw_plait_assembly_input)

Wheat-straw plait, whether purchased or transferred from onsite plaiting, enters continuous-coil assembly as its own material exchange.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw plait
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued plait mass assigned to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Paper strip for hat-shape assembly (paper_strip_assembly_input)

Paper strip is recorded only when it is the declared assembled-strip material.

• Selected flow: Paper strip
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued paper-strip mass assigned to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025

Polypropylene strip for hat-shape assembly (polypropylene_strip_assembly_input)

Polypropylene strip is recorded separately when it is the declared assembled-strip material.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene strip
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued polypropylene-strip mass assigned to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025

Cotton textile strip for hat-shape assembly (cotton_textile_strip_assembly_input)

Cotton textile strip is recorded separately when it is the declared assembled-strip material.

• Selected flow: Cotton textile strip
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued cotton-strip mass assigned to conforming batches.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025

Cotton sewing thread for coil assembly (cotton_sewing_thread_input)

Cotton sewing thread joining the continuous coil is recorded independently from the plait or strip substrate.

• Selected flow: Cotton sewing thread
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued thread mass less documented returned unused thread.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Electricity for strip hat-shape assembly (electricity_strip_assembly_input)

Electricity used by plait-milling and sewing equipment is recorded for the assembly process.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from machine meters and operating time.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Outputs

Product flows

Unblocked plaited or strip-assembled hat-shape output (unblocked_plaited_hat_shape_output)

The sewn or assembled rough hat shape is transferred before final blocking, made-brim formation, lining, or trimming.

• Selected flow: Unblocked plaited hat shape
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record net transferred mass and confirm the excluded finishing states are absent.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: eurlex-cn-headgear-2010; historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Waste flows

Wheat-straw plait offcuts (straw_plait_offcuts_output)

Wheat-straw plait pieces removed during assembly are recorded independently from other material offcuts.

• Selected flow: Wheat-straw plait offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected straw-plait offcuts.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources: historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013

Paper strip offcuts (paper_strip_offcuts_output)

Paper strip pieces removed during assembly are recorded as a separate waste only for the paper route.

• Selected flow: Paper strip offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected paper-strip offcuts.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources:

Polypropylene strip offcuts (polypropylene_strip_offcuts_output)

Polypropylene strip pieces removed during assembly are recorded as a separate waste only for the polypropylene route.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene strip offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected polypropylene-strip offcuts.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources:

Cotton textile strip offcuts (cotton_textile_strip_offcuts_output)

Cotton textile strip pieces removed during assembly are recorded as a separate waste only for the cotton-strip route.

• Selected flow: Cotton textile strip offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected cotton-strip offcuts.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_strip_assembly_records
• Sources:

Process: Final inspection, net-mass determination, and packaging (final_inspection_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Dry unfinished felt hat body for finalization (dry_felt_hat_body_final_input)

The felt-route intermediate enters final inspection without model-specific blocking, made-brim formation, lining, or trimming.

• Selected flow: Dry unfinished felt hat body
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record accepted route input mass and moisture content.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources: eurlex-cn-headgear-2010

Unblocked plaited hat shape for finalization (unblocked_plaited_hat_shape_final_input)

The strip-route intermediate enters final inspection before excluded finishing operations.

• Selected flow: Unblocked plaited hat shape
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record accepted route input mass.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources: eurlex-cn-headgear-2010

Electricity for inspection and packaging (electricity_finalization_input)

Electricity for inspection equipment, scales, conveyors, and packaging equipment is recorded separately.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record submetered electricity or calculate it from equipment meters and operating time.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-ef-method-2021

Kraft paper wrapping input (kraft_paper_wrap_input)

Kraft paper used to wrap the unfinished product crosses the packaging boundary as a separate material.

• Selected flow: Kraft paper wrapping
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued packaging mass attributable to delivered reference product.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources:

Corrugated fibreboard box input (corrugated_fibreboard_box_input)

Corrugated fibreboard used for shipping cases is recorded separately from paper wrap and polymer film.

• Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued box mass attributable to delivered reference product.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources:

Low-density polyethylene film bag input (ldpe_film_bag_input)

Low-density polyethylene film used as a protective bag is recorded as its own packaging exchange.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene film bag
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued film-bag mass attributable to delivered reference product.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

CPC 28261 reference product output (reference_hat_form_product_output)

This is the sole reference exchange: conforming unfinished hat-forms, bodies, hoods, plateaux, manchons, or unblocked plaited or strip-assembled hat-shapes at the factory gate.

• Selected flow: Hat-forms, hat bodies and hoods of felt, plateaux and manchons of felt, hat-shapes, plaited or made by assembling strips of any material ef72f4d7-8f9e-401f-bcff-8dc295e94396
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg net reference product; transport packaging mass is excluded.
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol:
• Sources: un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025; eurlex-cn-headgear-2010

Waste flows

Rejected unfinished felt hat bodies (rejected_felt_hat_bodies_output)

Rejected felt forms, bodies, hoods, plateaux, or manchons leaving final inspection are recorded separately from strip-route rejects.

• Selected flow: Rejected unfinished felt hat bodies
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh rejected felt-route product sent to its documented destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources:

Rejected unblocked plaited hat shapes (rejected_plaited_hat_shapes_output)

Rejected plaited or strip-assembled hat shapes leaving final inspection are recorded separately from felt-route rejects.

• Selected flow: Rejected unblocked plaited hat shapes
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh rejected strip-route product sent to its documented destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_final_packaging_records
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	multi-route, multi-material, or multi-product operations	Subdivide batches, machines, meters, and recipe records by route and product wherever physical records permit before applying allocation.	eu-ef-method-2021
allocation_reuse_internal	internally reused fibre, water, plait, and offcuts	Keep internal reuse as an internal transfer without an avoided-product credit; record only residual waste crossing the foreground boundary.	us-epa-textile-bmp-1996
allocation_mass_fallback	inseparable shared operations	If subdivision is impossible and products have comparable functions, allocate shared burdens by net output mass and disclose the affected processes, denominator, period, and sensitivity.	eu-ef-method-2021
allocation_economic_exception	materially different co-products	Use economic allocation only when physical subdivision and a defensible physical relation are unavailable; disclose prices, period, currency, shares, and a mass-allocation sensitivity.	eu-ef-method-2021
allocation_no_reject_credit	wastes and rejects	Do not treat rejects, wastewater, dust, or offcuts as burden-free co-products merely because they are sold or recovered; model the documented waste or recovered-material destination separately.	eu-ef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_felt_fibre_records	felt_fibre_preparation	fibre, electricity, intermediate, and reject quantities	receiving tickets; batch sheets; calibrated scale and electricity-meter records	date; lot; species; supplier; input kg; web kg; reject kg; kWh; moisture	Reconcile receiving, batch, hand-off, reject, and submeter records by conforming batch	kg; kWh	each batch with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 representative months or the full campaign when shorter	all foreground fibre-preparation equipment	Sum conforming batches and normalize to net reference-product mass	calibration certificates; lot traceability; reconciliation sign-off
cp_fibre_dust_records	felt_fibre_preparation	uncaptured animal-fibre dust	stack/room-air test or mass-balance records	test result; sampled hours; inlet fibre; product; collected reject; captured dust	Prefer representative direct measurement; otherwise retain every mass-balance term	kg	representative test plus monthly balance	same period as production data	all relevant opening, carding, and air-handling points	Calculate by calc_fibre_dust_release and normalize to reference mass	test report or signed balance; capture-system maintenance record
cp_felt_fulling_records	felt_body_formation_fulling	material, water, utilities, chemicals, intermediate, and wastewater	batch recipes; issue logs; water/steam/electricity meters; scales; effluent meter	batch; input kg; output kg; moisture; water kg; kWh; steam kg or MJ; chemical name; concentration; chemical kg; wastewater kg	Capture every included batch and keep each chemical as a separate ledger line	kg; kWh; MJ	each batch with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 representative months or full campaign	all cone-forming, hardening, fulling, washing, and rinsing equipment	Sum applicable atomic records and normalize to reference mass	meter calibration; recipe approval; chemical SDS/specification; batch reconciliation
cp_felt_conditioning_records	felt_body_conditioning	felt body, water, utilities, packaging-stage hand-off, and wastes	batch sheets; water/energy meters; fuel invoices; scales; effluent meter	batch; wet kg; dry kg; moisture; water kg; kWh; steam MJ; natural gas MJ; wastewater kg; offcut kg	Record only operations occurring before the declared CPC 28261 gate state	kg; kWh; MJ	each batch with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 representative months or full campaign	all included dyeing, rinsing, generic opening, and drying equipment	Sum included batches and normalize to net reference mass	meter calibration; route/state sign-off; mass-balance review
cp_combustion_emission_records	felt_body_conditioning	direct natural-gas combustion emissions	fuel meter; stack test where available; approved factor record	natural gas MJ; factor name; factor unit; factor value; stack result; operating hours	Pair metered fuel with a disclosed current factor or representative stack test	MJ; kg	monthly and after burner/factor changes	same period as conditioning data	all in-boundary gas-fired units	Apply calc_natural_gas_emissions separately for each pollutant	fuel-meter calibration; factor citation/version; stack-test report
cp_straw_plaiting_records	straw_plait_preparation	straw, electricity, plait, and clippings	receiving tickets; batch sheets; scales; electricity meter	lot; splint kg; plait kg; clipping kg; kWh	Reconcile each plait batch and retain straw grade and moisture	kg; kWh	each batch with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 representative months or full campaign	all onsite straw-preparation and plaiting equipment	Sum batches and normalize to net reference mass	scale/meter calibration; lot traceability; mass-balance sign-off
cp_straw_dust_records	straw_plait_preparation	uncaptured wheat-straw dust	direct particulate test or documented mass balance	sampled hours; splint kg; plait kg; clippings kg; captured dust kg; emission kg	Prefer direct measurement; otherwise retain all terms in calc_straw_dust_release	kg	representative test plus monthly balance	same period as plait production	all rolling, clipping, and collection points	Normalize calculated or measured release to reference mass	test report or signed balance; collector maintenance record
cp_strip_assembly_records	strip_hat_shape_assembly	plait/strip, thread, electricity, intermediate, and material-specific offcuts	material issue/return logs; batch traveler; scales; sewing-machine meter	batch; material identity; issued kg; returned kg; thread kg; kWh; output kg; each offcut kg	Keep each material identity on its own atomic ledger line; no generic strip balance	kg; kWh	each batch with monthly reconciliation	at least 12 representative months or full campaign	all plait milling and sewing/assembly equipment	Sum conforming batches by declared material and normalize to reference mass	material specification; lot traceability; scale/meter calibration
cp_final_packaging_records	final_inspection_packaging	route input, reference output, packaging, and route-specific rejects	inspection log; calibrated scale; packaging issue log; reject log	batch; route; product form; input kg; output kg; moisture; paper kg; box kg; LDPE kg; reject kg; state checks	Verify every lot against the unfinished-state qualifiers and weigh net product separately from packaging	kg; kWh	each shipment lot with monthly reconciliation	same period as production data	all final inspection and packaging stations	Sum conforming net output to 1 kg reference mass; retain packaging separately	scale/meter calibration; inspection checklist; shipment and reject traceability

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalized_amount	every non-reference inventory amount	normalized amount = period amount attributable to conforming product / period net conforming reference-product mass	atomic period amount; net conforming product kg	amount per 1 kg reference product	eu-ef-method-2021
calc_steam_energy	purchased steam	delivered steam MJ = measured steam mass × (delivered specific enthalpy − condensate return specific enthalpy); disclose both states	steam mass; pressure/temperature or supplier enthalpy; condensate state	MJ purchased steam
calc_fibre_dust_release	animal-fibre dust	uncaptured dust = inlet fibre − prepared web − solid rejects − captured dust − documented moisture change; negative results are invalid	all mass-balance terms	kg animal-fibre dust to air	us-epa-textile-bmp-1996
calc_straw_dust_release	wheat-straw dust	uncaptured dust = splint input − plait output − clippings − captured dust − documented moisture change; negative results are invalid	all mass-balance terms	kg wheat-straw dust to air	us-epa-textile-bmp-1996
calc_natural_gas_emissions	each direct natural-gas pollutant	pollutant mass = metered natural-gas energy × disclosed pollutant-specific factor, unless a representative stack measurement supersedes the calculation	natural gas MJ; one pollutant-specific factor or stack result	kg of one named pollutant	eu-ef-method-2021
calc_mass_balance	each process and route	imbalance = total mass inputs − product outputs − waste outputs − elementary mass outputs − documented evaporation/moisture change; investigate rather than forcing the balance to zero	atomic mass records and moisture data	disclosed process imbalance	eu-ef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Retain CPC 28261 product-form and market-state inspection evidence for every represented route.	lot inspection checklist; product specification; photographs where useful
dq_material_identity	fibres, plaits, strips, thread, chemicals, and packaging	Retain supplier, lot, composition/species, chemical concentration, and product specification; do not substitute a plural material category.	purchase specification; certificate of analysis; SDS; lot record
dq_primary_activity_data	foreground manufacturing	Use company-specific material and manufacturing activity data for the represented facility and product.	eu-ef-method-2021; meters; ledgers; batch records
dq_water_measurement	wet felt operations	Use process-level calibrated water metering or a documented temporary-meter campaign; manufacturer estimates alone are not final foreground evidence.	us-epa-textile-bmp-1996; calibration and meter records
dq_temporal_coverage	all variable foreground data	Cover at least 12 representative months or the complete production campaign when shorter; disclose seasonality, downtime, and exclusions.	dated raw records and coverage statement
dq_completeness	all processes	Reconcile material, energy, water, waste, and direct-emission records and explain missing or estimated values.	signed process and annual mass/energy reconciliation
dq_atomic_chemicals	fulling, dyeing, cleaning, and finishing recipes	Record every actual chemical as a separate named exchange with concentration and amount; the three named fulling chemicals do not authorize omission or aggregation of other recipe chemicals.	approved recipe; issue ledger; SDS
dq_atomic_fuels_refrigerants	onsite utilities	Record each actual fuel and refrigerant as a separate named exchange; if diesel, LPG, another fuel, or a refrigerant is used inside the boundary, add a dedicated atomic row and its corresponding direct emissions or losses.	fuel/refrigerant ledger; meter; maintenance log
dq_background_links	purchased inputs	Record the upstream dataset, geography, technology, reference year, and substitution rationale for every material, utility, chemical, and packaging input.	dataset mapping log and quality review

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	The reference exchange shall use product flow ef72f4d7-8f9e-401f-bcff-8dc295e94396, Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg, normalized to exactly 1 kg net product.
validate_route_and_state	reference product	Reject a package that omits route/material/product-form qualifiers or includes a final blocked shape, made brim, lining, or trimming inconsistent with CPC 28261.	un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025; eurlex-cn-headgear-2010
validate_mass_balance	each process and route	Require process mass reconciliation including moisture change, evaporation, product, every specific waste, and mass elementary output; investigate unexplained imbalance.	eu-ef-method-2021
validate_atomic_inventory	all inventory	Reject combined or collection exchanges; electricity, steam, each fuel, each refrigerant, each chemical, each packaging component, each waste, and each elementary emission shall be represented separately when applicable.
validate_wet_processing	felt fulling and conditioning	When fulling, dyeing, washing, or rinsing occurs, require measured water, separately named recipe chemicals, and separately metered wastewater; otherwise require a documented not-applicable statement.	us-epa-textile-mills-1982; us-epa-textile-bmp-1996
validate_direct_fuel_emissions	onsite combustion	When an onsite fuel input is present, require separate direct-emission exchanges for every modelled pollutant and disclose factor or stack-test evidence; purchased steam shall not be treated as onsite fuel.	eu-ef-method-2021
validate_strip_materials	plaited/assembled route	Require every actual plait, strip, thread, and material-specific offcut to be separately identified; an unlisted material requires a new atomic row rather than reuse of another material row.	un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025
validate_packaging	factory-gate delivery	Require each actual packaging material as a separate input and confirm that all packaging mass is excluded from the 1 kg net product reference amount.
validate_data_quality	foreground data package	Reject incomplete temporal coverage, missing calibration/traceability evidence, unexplained estimates, or background links without geography, technology, and year disclosure.	eu-ef-method-2021; us-epa-textile-bmp-1996

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product-specific foreground manufacturing dataset for an unfinished CPC 28261 hat-form/body/hood/plateau/manchon or plaited/strip-assembled hat-shape
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset for downstream hat manufacture when route, material, market state, geography, technology, and year match
allowed_use	Factory-gate LCA modelling of downstream hats and headgear; supplier-specific product footprints; route-specific benchmarking where qualifiers align
excluded_use	Finished-hat production without added blocking/lining/trimming processes; substitution across materially different routes without sensitivity; consumer use or end-of-life claims; comparative public assertions without separate critical review
required_metadata	PCR id; CPC code; reference-flow UUIDs; route; fibre species or strip composition; product form; moisture; colour/finish state; excluded finishing confirmation; geography; technology; reference year; allocation; packaging; data sources
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; temporal coverage; meter and scale calibration; recipe and material traceability; process balances; background dataset choices; unresolved UUID identities; assumptions and limitations
update_trigger	Material route or recipe change; new/removed wet process; equipment or energy-source change; direct-emission factor change; packaging redesign; supplier/background dataset change; or data older than the represented technology and market conditions

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-ver3-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure and registry, adopted 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Exact CPC 28261 category identity and material-neutral coverage of plaited/assembled-strip hat-shapes
eurlex-cn-headgear-2010	standard	European Union, Combined Nomenclature headings 6501 and 6502, Official Journal notice 2010/C 63/05. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52010XC0310(03) (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Unfinished market-state boundary: neither blocked to shape nor with made brims; plaited/strip shapes neither lined nor trimmed
historic-england-luton-hat-industry-2013	official_guidance	Historic England, The Hat Industry of Luton and its Buildings, 2013. https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/hat-industry-luton-buildings/hat-industry-luton-and-buildings/ (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Independent process decomposition for wool- and fur-felt bodies, straw plait preparation, continuous-coil sewing, steam/rolling/pressing, dyeing, and the transition to final blocking
us-epa-textile-mills-1982	official_guidance	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Textile Mills Point Source Category, EPA 440/1-82/022, September 1982. https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=10004LF3.TXT (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Felted-fabric process map; web formation; hardening/fulling; sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide as separate conditional chemicals; rinsing, dyeing, finishing, and wastewater
us-epa-textile-bmp-1996	official_guidance	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention in the Textile Industry, EPA/625/R-96/004, September 1996. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-04/documents/best-management-practices-textile-industry-manual.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Site water metering, record quality, direct measurement, process-specific waste characterization, and mass-balance controls
eu-ef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I, Product Environmental Footprint Method. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-13)	Functional-unit/system-boundary consistency, product-specific bill of materials, company-specific manufacturing data, completeness, allocation, data quality, and background-link disclosure