Other cereal flours

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the foreground production of dry flour obtained by milling a declared cereal grain other than wheat or meslin. It covers mill-gate operations from receipt of the cereal grain through cleaning, conditional conditioning or pearling, milling and separation, conditional flour treatment, finishing, bulk loading or packaging, and site utility and dust-control services.

The foreground data package shall identify the cereal species or declared cereal blend and shall distinguish food-grade, feed-grade, or another verified grade. It shall also state whether the flour is whole-grain or refined, its extraction or ash specification where used, moisture basis, particle-size specification, treatments or additives, and bulk or packaged delivery state.

This PCR excludes wheat and meslin flour, groats or meal not sold as flour, isolated starch, prepared flour mixes containing material non-cereal ingredients, and flours made from roots, tubers, pulses, oilseeds, nuts, or other non-cereal materials. Cereal cultivation, harvest, external grain drying, and inbound transport are outside the foreground mill boundary and require linked upstream datasets when included in a cradle-to-gate study. Retail, food preparation, consumption, and end-of-life of the flour product are outside scope.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.grain-mill-products-starches-and-starch-products-other-food-products.other-cereal-flours
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 23120, Other cereal flours, exact
covered_products	Dry flour made from a declared non-wheat/non-meslin cereal such as rye, barley, oats, maize, rice, sorghum, millet, or an in-scope cereal blend
excluded_products	Wheat or meslin flour; groats, meal, pellets, or starch not sold as flour; prepared mixes; non-cereal flours; wet batters or doughs
representative_product	Flour as the verified Tiangong representative product identity; the foreground package must declare the actual cereal and grade
production_route	Receipt and storage; cleaning; conditional conditioning, dehulling, or pearling; milling and separation; conditional flour treatment; finishing; bulk dispatch or packaging
market_state	Dry, saleable cereal flour at the mill gate, in declared bulk or packaged form and at declared moisture and particle-size specification

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of dry, saleable flour made from the declared cereal and meeting the declared grade and product specification at the mill gate
How much	1 kg net flour
How well	Declared cereal species or blend, grade, whole-grain or refined status, extraction or ash specification where applicable, moisture, particle size, treatment/additive status, and delivery form
How long or cycle	One production and dispatch batch at the mill gate; no use-duration function is assigned
reference_flow_link	The reference product output flour_product_output realizes the functional unit

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Flour 67b80ae5-687f-418a-84ba-f06b01a6139b
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	cereal species or declared blend; food-grade, feed-grade, or other verified grade; whole-grain or refined status; extraction or ash specification where applicable; moisture basis; particle-size specification; heat treatment, micronisation, fortification, or additive status; bulk or packaged delivery state

The Tiangong reference flow is named Flour and its source record carries a feed-grade descriptor. Retain this flow only when its identity and qualifiers represent the modelled product. For a product of another grade, or whenever the generic identity is otherwise unsuitable, replace it with a more specific Tiangong product flow whose name, classification, state, flow property, and unit support have been independently verified. Do not silently reuse the generic UUID.

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference flour output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1 kg net saleable flour as received at the declared moisture; exclude packaging mass from the reference amount.
moisture_basis	Grain, intermediate flour, co-products, and final flour	Mass and measured moisture fraction	kg and % mass fraction	Record whether each mass is as received or dry matter. Convert between bases only with lot- or batch-specific moisture measurements using calc_dry_matter.
energy_accounting	Purchased electricity, fuels, steam, and exported energy	Carrier-specific energy property	Carrier unit and MWh	Preserve original metered carrier units, disclose conversion factors, and calculate a site total in MWh without double counting purchased and generated energy.
water_accounting	Conditioning and other process water	Volume or Mass	m3 or kg	Keep conditioning water separate from other process and sanitation water when meters or batch records permit; normalize consistently to the reference flour output.
packaging_mass	Sale packaging	Mass	kg	Record packaging by material and exclude it from flour net mass; include only packaging supplied with the reference product.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Cereal grain of declared species, origin, moisture, storage condition, and pre-mill treatment is received at the flour mill gate
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate-to-gate starting point; upstream cereal production and external logistics remain linked product systems
product_classification_scope	Other cereal flours made from declared non-wheat/non-meslin cereal grains; classification is not a substitute for product qualifiers
recursive_input_rule	Purchased in-scope cereal flour used for blending or rework shall be recorded once as an upstream product input with its own dataset and shall not recursively invoke the same foreground milling route
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use separately documented upstream datasets for cereal grain, purchased flour, packaging, energy carriers, water supply, additives, transport when included, and waste treatment outside the mill
disclosure	Declare cereal identity, received condition, included mill operations, conditional treatments, co-product and waste fates, allocation method, packaging state, temporal/site coverage, and all excluded upstream or downstream stages

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_rule_1	foreground_mill_operations	Include receipt and storage, cleaning, milling and separation, finishing, dispatch, site energy, and dust control; include conditioning, pearling/dehulling, drying, steaming, micronisation, blending, and packaging when performed for the reference product.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_rule_2	upstream_product_inputs	Keep cultivation, harvest, external drying, and inbound transport outside the foreground mill process, but link upstream datasets whenever the study boundary includes those burdens.
boundary_rule_3	air_emissions_and_captured_material	Report dust released to the environment as an elementary output; report filter dust, screenings, husk, bran, and other captured material as product or waste outputs according to actual fate.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
boundary_rule_4	conditional_routes	Exclude an unperformed conditional operation rather than inserting a zero-throughput process; document the evidence that the operation was not used for the represented batches.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
grain_receipt_cleaning	Grain receipt, storage, and cleaning	required	Always included for received cereal grain	Foreground material receipt, cleaning, and contaminant removal	kg received cereal grain
grain_conditioning	Conditioning, dehulling, or pearling	conditional	Include when water, steam, tempering, dehulling, pearling, or an equivalent preparation step is used	Foreground preparation of grain for milling	kg prepared grain
milling_separation	Milling, sifting, and separation	required	Always included	Foreground size reduction and separation of flour and associated streams	kg saleable flour
special_flour_treatment	Special flour treatment	conditional	Include when drying, steaming, micronisation, turboseparation, fortification, or another post-milling treatment is used	Foreground product-specific treatment	kg treated flour
finishing_dispatch	Blending, storage, packaging, and dispatch	required	Always include final storage and dispatch; include blending and packaging only when performed	Foreground finishing and product transfer at the mill gate	kg dispatched flour
site_utilities_control	Site utilities and environmental control	required	Include utility use and environmental controls serving represented production	Foreground facility utility accounting and direct-emission control	kg dispatched flour

Process: Grain receipt, storage, and cleaning (grain_receipt_cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Declared cereal grain input (cereal_grain_input)

Record each cereal species and material state separately from weighbridge, goods-receipt, or supplier records. Use a verified Tiangong product flow matching the declared cereal and state when one is assigned.

• Selected flow: Declared cereal grain; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass of accepted grain entering represented production, adjusted for stock change and kept on the declared moisture basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional grain-input mass-balance QA guardrail; replace with measured yield evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1.0
  • Upper: 2.0
  • Unit: kg grain/kg saleable flour
  • Basis: as-received cereal input per 1 kg saleable flour, with moisture bases disclosed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Cleaned grain transferred to preparation or milling (cleaned_grain_output)

Record the accepted cleaned-grain mass transferred to the next operation and preserve the cereal identity and moisture basis.

• Selected flow: Cleaned declared cereal grain; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass or calculated receipt mass less measured cleaning removals and stock change
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
• Sources:

Waste flows

Cleaning rejects and contaminants (cleaning_rejects)

Record stones, metal, chaff, foreign seeds, spoiled grain, and other rejected material by actual treatment route. Material sold or used as a co-product shall instead be represented as a product output.

• Selected flow: Grain-cleaning rejects; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by reject category and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg received cereal grain
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional cleaning-reject QA guardrail; replace with site records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg rejects/kg received grain
  • Basis: as-received cleaning rejects per kg received grain
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Uncaptured cleaning dust to air (cleaning_dust_air)

Record only dust crossing the environmental boundary. Do not include dust retained in filters or collected with screenings in this elementary row.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter to air; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured channelled and quantified diffuse dust emissions attributable to cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Conditioning, dehulling, or pearling (grain_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Cleaned grain for preparation (conditioning_grain_input)

Record the cleaned grain entering only the preparation operations actually used for the declared cereal and product specification.

• Selected flow: Cleaned declared cereal grain; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass from cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared grain output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_batches
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Conditioning water (conditioning_water)

Include water added for dampening or tempering. Keep steam condensate or separately metered sanitation water distinct.

• Selected flow: Process water; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered water or batch recipe addition used for represented grain
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 tonne saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: Provisional conditioning-water QA guardrail; replace with measured moisture-balance evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.3
  • Unit: m3/tonne saleable flour
  • Basis: conditioning water per tonne saleable flour
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared grain for milling (prepared_grain_output)

Record conditioned, dehulled, pearled, or otherwise prepared grain transferred to milling, including its post-preparation moisture.

• Selected flow: Prepared declared cereal grain; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured output mass with preparation method and moisture recorded
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared grain output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_batches
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Hulls and preparation rejects (conditioning_rejects)

Record hulls and other removed material by actual fate. Reclassify a marketable or internally used stream as a product output.

• Selected flow: Cereal hulls or preparation rejects; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by material and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg prepared grain output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Process: Milling, sifting, and separation (milling_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Grain entering the mill (mill_grain_input)

Record the prepared or directly cleaned grain entering size reduction and identify which preparation route supplied it.

• Selected flow: Prepared declared cereal grain; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mill-feed mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_batches
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable flour output (flour_product_output)

This is the quantitative-reference product output. The dataset shall identify the actual cereal and all required qualifiers even when the generic Tiangong flow is retained.

• Selected flow: Flour 67b80ae5-687f-418a-84ba-f06b01a6139b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net saleable flour on the declared moisture basis after normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:

Bran, germ, and other marketable cereal fractions (milling_coproducts)

Record each output fraction separately with its composition, moisture, destination, and market or internal-use status.

• Selected flow: Declared cereal milling co-product; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured co-product mass by stream, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Captured milling and filter dust (captured_mill_dust)

Record dust recovered in filters or housekeeping as waste unless evidence shows that it is a marketable or internally reused product stream.

• Selected flow: Captured cereal dust; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured collected mass or a documented filter mass balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Elementary flows

Uncaptured milling dust to air (milling_dust_air)

Record measured channelled and quantified diffuse particulate emissions after abatement. The concentration range below is a BAT screening benchmark, not a substitute for jurisdiction-specific limits or normalized emission mass.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter to air; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: exhaust concentration multiplied by measured dry-gas volume and operating time, plus quantified diffuse releases where material
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: EU grain-milling BAT channelled-dust screening upper endpoint
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: mg/Nm3
  • Basis: average over the applicable sampling period for channelled dust after abatement
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Process: Special flour treatment (special_flour_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Flour entering special treatment (untreated_flour_input)

Include only the flour fraction sent to drying, steaming, micronisation, turboseparation, fortification, or another declared treatment.

• Selected flow: Flour 67b80ae5-687f-418a-84ba-f06b01a6139b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass routed to the declared treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg treated flour output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_batches
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Fortificants or processing additives (treatment_additives)

Record each additive only when used and identify its concentration and upstream dataset.

• Selected flow: Declared fortificant or processing additive; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: batch formulation record or metered addition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg treated flour output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_process_batches
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Treated flour output (treated_flour_output)

Record the treated output with its moisture, particle-size or fraction, fortification, and treatment status.

• Selected flow: Treated flour; use the verified generic or a more specific Tiangong product flow as applicable
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured saleable treated-flour mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg treated flour output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_dispatch
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Blending, storage, packaging, and dispatch (finishing_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Finished flour entering dispatch preparation (finished_flour_input)

Record the flour transferred to final storage, blending, bulk loading, or packaging without duplicating internal transfers in the aggregated inventory.

• Selected flow: Flour 67b80ae5-687f-418a-84ba-f06b01a6139b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured internal transfer mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg dispatched flour
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_dispatch
• Sources:

Packaging materials supplied with product (packaging_inputs)

Record bags, liners, closures, labels, and other supplied packaging separately by material; omit this row for verified bulk delivery without supplied packaging.

• Selected flow: Declared packaging material; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: packaging bill of materials reconciled with purchase and production records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net dispatched flour
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources:
• Range: Provisional packaging-mass QA guardrail; replace with packaging bill of materials
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.1
  • Unit: kg packaging/kg net flour
  • Basis: supplied packaging per kg net dispatched flour
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Dispatched reference flour (dispatched_flour_output)

Reconcile dispatched net flour with the quantitative-reference product and disclose whether the product is bulk or packaged.

• Selected flow: Flour 67b80ae5-687f-418a-84ba-f06b01a6139b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net flour after normalization; packaging excluded
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Sources:

Waste flows

Packaging and product losses at finishing (finishing_waste)

Record damaged packaging, spills, off-spec flour, and returned internal material by fate; do not count internally reworked flour as an external waste output.

• Selected flow: Finishing waste by declared material; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass leaving the represented foreground system by treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg dispatched flour
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_waste
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Process: Site utilities and environmental control (site_utilities_control)

Inputs

Product flows

Site energy carriers (site_energy_inputs)

Record purchased electricity, fuels, steam, and other energy carriers separately in original units, then calculate the non-duplicated site total serving represented production.

• Selected flow: Carrier-specific energy inputs; Tiangong UUIDs unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy or carrier-specific property / original unit and MWh equivalent
• Amount rule: metered or invoiced energy allocated to represented production after stock, export, and on-site generation reconciliation
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 tonne saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
• Range: JRC grain-milling specific-energy screening range
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 0.13
  • Unit: MWh/tonne product
  • Basis: yearly average site energy per tonne grain-milling product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Other process and sanitation water (other_process_water)

Record non-conditioning process and sanitation water serving represented production when material, and keep it separate from conditioning water.

• Selected flow: Process water; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered site water less separately recorded conditioning water and excluded uses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 tonne saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Wastewater sent to treatment (mill_wastewater)

Include wastewater only when generated and sent across the foreground boundary; identify internal reuse and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Mill wastewater; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured discharge volume allocated to represented production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 tonne saleable flour output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_rule_1	independently_measurable_processes	First avoid allocation by subdividing receipt, preparation, milling, treatment, finishing, and utility operations and by using process- or line-specific measurements where technically feasible.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rule_2	joint_milling_burdens	When subdivision cannot avoid allocation among flour and co-products, use a documented physical causal relationship when it reflects how inputs and burdens change with outputs. If no defensible physical relationship exists, use economic allocation based on a representative price period and perform a sensitivity check.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rule_3	waste_and_coproduct_classification	Classify bran, germ, hulls, screenings, off-spec flour, and captured dust from their actual fate and evidence of intended use. Do not assign co-product status solely to avoid waste burdens, and do not allocate burdens to internally recycled material as if it crossed the system boundary.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rule_4	allocation_disclosure	Report the allocation method, allocation factors summing to one, physical or economic data period, zero-burden exclusions, internally recycled streams, and the sensitivity result for any material co-product allocation.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_receipts	grain_receipt_cleaning	cereal receipts, cleaned transfer, and stock	weighbridge, goods-receipt, silo, and supplier records	cereal species; supplier lot; origin; mass; moisture; acceptance/rejection; silo; opening/closing stock	Calibrated weighbridge or receiving scale reconciled to supplier documents and silo stock	kg and % moisture	Each delivery and monthly stock close	Same representative period as product output; normally at least 12 consecutive months or a justified complete campaign	Each included mill and storage boundary	Sum accepted receipts plus opening stock minus closing stock; keep cereals and moisture bases separate	Scale calibration; supplier record; stock reconciliation; exception log
cp_process_batches	grain_conditioning; milling_separation; special_flour_treatment	process routing, intermediate transfers, water/additive recipes, and treated fractions	batch, control-system, recipe, and production logs	batch_id; cereal; route; input/output mass; moisture; process time; water; steam; additive; treatment setting	Metered transfers and signed batch or control-system records	kg; m3; carrier unit; process setting	Each batch or continuous line shift	Same representative period as product output	Each included line and treatment route	Aggregate only batches matching the declared reference product and route	Meter calibration; batch genealogy; recipe revision; operator exception log
cp_product_dispatch	milling_separation; special_flour_treatment; finishing_dispatch	saleable flour production and dispatch	production, silo, quality-release, packaging, and dispatch records	product_id; cereal; grade; whole/refined; extraction/ash; moisture; particle size; treatment; net mass; packaging state; destination	Reconcile released production, silo stock change, packaged output, and bulk dispatch	kg and product specification units	Each batch and monthly close	Same representative period as inputs	Each included mill and product line	Sum only conforming net flour; exclude packaging and separately track rework	Scale calibration; laboratory certificate; release record; stock reconciliation
cp_coproduct_waste	grain_receipt_cleaning; grain_conditioning; milling_separation; finishing_dispatch	co-products, rejects, captured dust, and wastes	scale ticket, sales, waste-transfer, and internal-use records	stream_id; material; mass; moisture; destination; revenue; legal status; internal reuse	Weigh each material stream or use documented container counts and verified conversion factors	kg and currency where economic allocation is used	Each transfer; monthly reconciliation	Same representative period as flour output	All included lines and waste destinations	Sum by stream and fate; internal transfers cancel in the aggregated foreground system	Scale calibration; transfer note; customer or waste-contractor record; revenue ledger
cp_energy_records	site_utilities_control	electricity, fuel, steam, on-site generation, and exports	meters, invoices, tank stock, and generation logs	carrier; meter_id; amount; unit; energy content/conversion factor; opening/closing stock; generated/exported amount; allocation key	Calibrated meters and invoices reconciled to fuel stock and generation records	original carrier unit and MWh	Continuous or invoice period; monthly close	Normally at least 12 consecutive months or justified full campaign	Whole site with documented exclusion or allocation of non-flour uses	Convert each carrier once; subtract exports; reconcile generated and purchased energy; allocate to represented production transparently	Meter calibration; invoice; fuel specification; reconciliation record
cp_water_records	grain_conditioning; site_utilities_control	conditioning water, other process water, and wastewater	meters, batch recipes, and discharge logs	meter_id; use_area; volume; batch_id; source; reused volume; discharge destination	Submeter where available; otherwise documented batch recipe or site balance	m3	Continuous or per batch; monthly close	Same representative period as flour output	Each included mill and use area	Keep conditioning, other process, reused, and discharged water distinct; allocate unmetered shared use transparently	Meter calibration; recipe record; water-balance reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	finishing_dispatch	supplied packaging	bill of materials, purchase, stock, and packaging-line records	material_id; material type; unit mass; units used; opening/closing stock; scrap; product_id	Verified packaging specification reconciled with purchases and line counts	kg	Each packaging run and monthly close	Same representative period as packaged flour	Each included packaging line	Sum packaging supplied with product by material; exclude reusable assets not transferred	Supplier specification; count reconciliation; scale check
cp_air_emissions	grain_receipt_cleaning; milling_separation; site_utilities_control	channelled and material diffuse dust emissions	stack test, continuous/periodic monitor, exhaust-flow, operating-hour, and abatement records	source_id; concentration; gas volume; reference conditions; operating time; filter status; diffuse estimate method	Applicable standard measurement or documented engineering calculation using measured concentration and gas flow	mg/Nm3; Nm3; h; kg	At legally required frequency and after material control changes	Tests representative of included operating modes and production period	Every material emission point and documented diffuse source	Convert concentration and dry-gas flow to mass; normalize by matching production; do not add captured dust	Accredited test report where required; instrument calibration; sampling plan; filter maintenance record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_dry_matter	grain, flour, co-products, and wastes	dry mass = as-received mass × (1 − moisture mass fraction); convert back only using the target stream's measured moisture fraction	as-received mass; measured moisture fraction	dry mass or transparently converted as-received mass
calc_reference_normalization	all foreground inventory rows	normalized amount = period amount attributable to represented product ÷ net kg of conforming dispatched flour in the same period	attributable flow amount; dispatched reference-product mass	amount per 1 kg reference flour
calc_site_energy	site_energy_inputs	Convert each carrier to MWh with disclosed factors; purchased energy + on-site generation used − exports − excluded uses, with no double counting; divide by saleable flour tonnes	carrier records; conversion factors; generation; exports; excluded uses; product tonnes	MWh/tonne saleable flour	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_dust_mass	cleaning_dust_air; milling_dust_air	emitted mass = measured concentration × dry-gas volume over operating time, converted to kg, plus separately quantified diffuse releases	concentration; dry-gas flow or volume; operating time; diffuse release estimate	kg particulate emission per reference output	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
calc_mass_balance	foreground mill system	cereal and other material inputs + opening stock = flour + co-products + wastes + direct material emissions + closing stock; report the absolute and percentage residual without forcing it to zero	moisture-aligned inputs, outputs, emissions, and stock changes	mass-balance residual and completeness indicator
calc_allocation_factors	joint milling burdens	Calculate factors from the selected physical relation or economic values for the same representative period; normalize factors to sum to one and retain an unrounded audit table	co-product quantities or economic values; selected allocation basis	allocation factors and sensitivity case	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product	Cereal species or blend and every required qualifier shall be present and consistent across flow, process, batch, and dispatch records.	Product specification, quality-release certificate, batch genealogy, and verified Tiangong flow identity
dq_measurement	mass, moisture, water, energy, and emissions	Use calibrated instruments or documented supplier measurements; preserve raw units and reference conditions before conversion.	Calibration records, laboratory methods, invoices, meter register, and test reports
dq_temporal	foreground period	Use a continuous representative period, normally at least 12 months; justify a shorter complete campaign and disclose seasonality, shutdowns, and abnormal batches.	Coverage table, production calendar, downtime log, and justification
dq_completeness	foreground inventory	Reconcile inputs, outputs, stock change, internally recycled flows, energy, water, dust, co-products, wastes, and packaging; explain material gaps rather than balancing them with an invented flow.	Mass and utility balances, completeness checklist, and reconciliation residuals
dq_route_specificity	conditional operations	Demonstrate whether conditioning, dehulling/pearling, special treatment, blending, and packaging were used for represented batches.	Process map, batch route records, and product specification
dq_source_traceability	external and upstream data	Record source version or publication, retrieval date for web evidence, upstream dataset identity, geography, time, technology, and any substitution.	Source register and dataset metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_rule_1	reference_flow_identity	Confirm the reference amount is 1 kg, Mass is the reference property, and the generic Flour UUID is used only when cereal, grade, and other qualifiers make it representative; otherwise require a verified more specific flow.
validation_rule_2	product_scope	Reject a data package that does not identify the cereal or that represents wheat/meslin flour, a non-cereal flour, starch, meal not sold as flour, or a prepared mix outside this PCR.
validation_rule_3	boundary_and_route	Confirm all required operations are represented and every conditional operation is either included with records or excluded with route evidence; verify upstream and downstream exclusions are disclosed.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validation_rule_4	mass_and_moisture	Recalculate dry-matter conversions and the foreground mass balance; flag inconsistent moisture bases, unexplained stock changes, duplicated internal transfers, or a material residual.
validation_rule_5	energy_and_water	Recalculate carrier conversions and water separation; flag double-counted on-site generation, energy exports, conditioning water, or shared site utilities. Compare site energy with the cited screening range and require an explanation, not automatic rejection, when outside it.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validation_rule_6	dust_and_waste	Confirm captured dust is not reported as an elementary emission, channelled dust mass uses compatible concentration and gas-volume reference conditions, and waste/co-product fate matches transfer evidence.	eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019
validation_rule_7	allocation	Confirm subdivision was considered first, factors sum to one, the basis matches the causal or economic evidence, and a sensitivity result is disclosed for material joint burdens.	iso-14044-2006
validation_rule_8	data_coverage	Confirm raw records cover the same products, sites, routes, and period as the reference output; list every check not performed and treat missing identity or material inventory evidence as inconclusive.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Product-specific foreground gate-to-gate flour-milling dataset produced from real mill records
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset when reviewed for representativeness and linked to appropriate upstream datasets
allowed_use	Process or lifecycle-model construction for the declared cereal flour, mill technology, geography, time period, grade, treatment, and delivery state
excluded_use	Generic use for an undeclared cereal or grade; wheat/meslin flour; agricultural cultivation; retail or use stage; substitution for a product whose required qualifiers or flow identity differ
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; verified reference-flow identity; cereal species/blend; grade; whole/refined status; extraction/ash where used; moisture and particle size; treatments/additives; bulk/packaged state; site/geography; technology; period; process route; upstream dataset identities; allocation method
required_quality_disclosure	record coverage; calibration and laboratory evidence; mass-balance residual; energy and water reconciliation; emission method; co-product/waste fate; allocation factors and sensitivity; reasoned-estimate replacements; unresolved UUID substitutions
update_trigger	Change in cereal or product specification, flow identity, mill route or equipment, energy mix, dust control, co-product fate, allocation basis, packaging, site boundary, or representative period that materially changes the dataset

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
eu-jrc-fdm-bref-2019	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries (2019), Chapter 9 and Section 17.8, https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2020-01/JRC118627_FDM_Bref_2019_published.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-11)	Grain-milling process decomposition; conditional treatments; water-dependence context; specific-energy QA range; dust sources, control, and BAT screening benchmark
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, Clause 4.3.4.2	Allocation hierarchy, physical/economic relation, and allocation disclosure