Power plant construction and handover

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: 0.1.0Last updated2026-10-07
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:53262 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/constructions-and-construction-services/constructions/power-plant-construction-deliverysha256:487dca526055…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR addresses the physical construction and agreed acceptance handover of complete heavy electrical generating plants, including nuclear plants, as identified by UN CPC 3.0 53262. Select the actual thermal, nuclear, hydro, wind or solar configuration and declare plant/site interfaces; a code alone does not define construction technology. The reference is the delivered construction entity, not a construction service, manufactured material, generator alone or electricity generation. (un-cpc-power-plants-2025)

Factory manufacture of supplied materials/equipment is linked upstream. Standalone industrial buildings, dams, water-treatment works and external long-distance/local grid networks have their own boundaries; integrate an actual component once without duplicating its standalone dataset. The core covers actual civil/mechanical/electrical completion and cold testing, with hot/fuelled acceptance and all later operating/maintenance/demolition stages explicitly outside or separately extended. Handover before fuel loading is not commercial readiness.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.constructions-and-construction-services.constructions.power-plant-construction-delivery
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 53262 — Power plants
covered_products	Complete constructed heavy generating plant at declared construction/cold-test handover; actual thermal, nuclear, hydro, wind/PV and evidenced generating configurations
excluded_products	Loose generators; upstream materials alone; stand-alone buildings/dams/networks; construction services; electricity production or whole operating lifetime
representative_product	One actual site-identified plant with as-built installed units, integral works and a signed declared acceptance stage; no default technology or capacity
production_route	Surveyed site → ground/civil works → route-specific generating and auxiliary installation → electrical/control interfaces → inspection/cold testing → declared construction handover
market_state	Complete physically installed construction at the evidenced handover stage, with unfinished/hot tests and operating authorisations disclosed

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Deliver the actual constructed plant capable by its installed design of the declared generating function, at the specified construction acceptance stage
How much	One complete actual plant; declare installed unit count, actual capacity per unit and total, electrical AC/DC/net/gross convention and documented test conditions. Capacity is a qualifier, not energy output
How well	As-built geometry, route-specific configuration, interfaces and signed structural/mechanical/electrical completion criteria; actual site, operational restrictions and unfinished scope declared
How long or cycle	One actual construction-to-handover event with recorded dates; no assumed life, capacity factor or lifetime electricity yield
reference_flow_link	reference_product_power_plant

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Complete power plant at construction handover
Reference flow property	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`
Reference unit group	Units of items `5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159`
Reference unit	item
Required qualifiers	Plant/site/entity id; geographic location and initial land/site state; generating route and reactor/cycle/cell technology; actual unit number and rated capacity with AC/DC/net/gross and test conditions; surveyed plot and powerhouse/foundation dimensions and structure; route-specific headworks/penstock/tailrace geometry or containment or turbine/module configuration; complete supplied/installed BOM and package interfaces; shared dam/grid/access attribution; construction and handover dates, signed tests and outstanding work; cold/hot/fuel-load stage; upstream gates and links; all excluded/unmeasured lifecycle stages

item is the display alias for public Item(s); 件 denotes the same count. All rows and protocols are per declared reference flow. Capacity (MW), surveyed area (m2), conduit length (m) and measured materials describe this same plant and are not arbitrary replacement denominators. Comparison requires compatible function, capacity convention, site, configuration, acceptance stage and lifecycle scope; no universal plant mass M is assigned.

Selected-flow property and unit bindings

role	flow_type	tiangong_flow	flow_property	unit_group	preferred_unit
rebar	product	Hot rolled rebar steel `43050e3b-42be-465c-a021-17f606484151`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
structural_section	product	Hot-rolled large section `cbeefeb8-2dfc-48f5-b643-f35aed0d52a1`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
francis_turbine	product	Vertical Francis hydraulic turbine `f762dd15-89d4-4b91-abc3-38ba6d4539ea`	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`	`5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159`	item
hydro_generator	product	Hydro generator `46310235-eeca-4dee-84fb-50da9b4a99dc`	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`	`5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159`	item
wind_turbine	product	wind turbine `e4ae4246-b93d-44ab-bb73-58671139c50b`	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`	`5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159`	item
poly_module	product	Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module `5bdcaef5-1689-4ad5-8ce2-c1543b0ff811`	Area `93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-18da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m2
mono_module	product	Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Module `fbfc81aa-aefd-49ec-aaf6-81b9416a7b78`	Area `93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-18da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m2
transformer	product	Transformer `734249ea-34e6-471b-a05a-f5b26b818167`	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`	`5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159`	item
lv_cable	product	Low-voltage cable `49101b44-20cc-46a0-adfb-af07e4cc8908`	Length `838aaa23-0117-11db-92e3-0800200c9a66`	`838aaa22-0117-11db-92e3-0800200c9a66`	m
diesel	product	Diesel fuel `9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
lv_power	product	Alternating current `50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7`	Net calorific value `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	MJ
mv_power	product	Alternating current `3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163`	Net calorific value `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	MJ
river_intake	elementary	river water `805a7346-1664-4483-afe3-4b224be5e361`	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3
groundwater_intake	elementary	ground water `4f462198-40cd-4184-8733-86648a20dc3f`	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3
sea_intake	elementary	sea water `172a3db9-6556-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
fossil_co2	elementary	carbon dioxide (fossil) `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
nitrogen_monoxide	elementary	nitrogen monoxide `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96ee-0050c2490048`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
nitrogen_dioxide	elementary	nitrogen dioxide `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96e5-0050c2490048`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
pm_fine	elementary	particles (PM2.5) `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
pm_coarse	elementary	particles (PM2.5 - PM10) `08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048`	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	`93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	kg
freshwater_discharge	elementary	Water `5e50fc01-19c6-4377-a1cc-bc65a12498ea`	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3
sea_return	elementary	Water `631ecf13-0e51-4e35-8235-c6f80c60d72c`	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	`93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3
road_freight	product	freight transport `4f1a3f30-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66`	mass*distance `118f2a40-50ec-457c-aa60-9bc6b6af9931`	`3620148f-c5db-48ce-9065-a10092089aca`	t*km

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_count	reference product	Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345`	item	cp_handover records one accepted complete plant with consistent identity, actual configuration and declared stage; all quantities retain the same declared reference flow.
geometry_capacity	reference configuration	Area `93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m2	Survey footprint/building/foundation and route-specific waterway geometry from as-built records in cp_handover; capacity, AC/DC basis, head, discharge and dimensions remain separate actual qualifiers. No assumed kg per plant, area or MW conversion.
material_mass	fresh_concrete; rebar; structural_section; hydraulic_grout; diesel; sea_intake	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Use actual mass; convert a measured volume only with independently supported density for the exact material, temperature, salinity/moisture and state. Sea intake retains primary Mass and a parallel volume balance. cp_civil, cp_utilities and cp_environment preserve original measurements.
electricity_energy	lv_power; mv_power	Net calorific value `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	MJ	Retain Net calorific value and exact 3.6 MJ/kWh conversion, actual CN supply and specified voltage; actual on-site generation does not inherit this grid identity.
water_volume	supplied_water; river_intake; groundwater_intake; freshwater_discharge; sea_return; washout_liquid	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3	Measure actual volume and preserve source/destination, physical state, internal transfers and pollution sampling. Resource, supplied product, liquid waste and discharge are not interchangeable.
module_area	poly_module; mono_module	Area `93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m2	Preserve module Area/m2, with actual gross-area definition, dimensions/count and rating. The linked upstream dataset must use the same module-area convention or an independently evidenced conversion; unknown gross/aperture/cell-area relationship requires review. Secondary property meanValue=1 does not imply one module equals 1 m2. Area does not identify station area or permit rewriting the public property to Mass.
cable_length	lv_cable	Length `838aaa23-0117-11db-92e3-0800200c9a66`	m	Preserve measured cable Length/m and actual supplied specification; do not use a generic copper mass conversion.
freight_quantity	road_freight	mass*distance `118f2a40-50ec-457c-aa60-9bc6b6af9931`	t*km	Actual cargo tonnes times actual route kilometres using cp_transport; preserve the public massdistance group reference kgkm and its documented tkm unit, 1 tkm = 1000 kg*km. Road freight is not the reference product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual surveyed site before attributable construction, with received materials and components at explicit supplier/site interfaces and original condition documented
starting_condition_role	foreground_starting_point
product_classification_scope	Complete constructed power-plant entity with integral actual generating works; CPC provides category context only
recursive_input_rule	Existing plant or reused component enters once in its actual inherited state; record inherited burdens and new measured work without recursively reconstructing the same plant category
upstream_dataset_requirement	Separate compatible manufacture, supplied-state and transport links; disclose every gap and included gate
disclosure	Actual construction and cold-test handover foreground; upstream full coverage not presumed; hot/fuelled tests, routine generation, maintenance and later demolition excluded unless separately defined

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
construction_scope	dataset; inventory	Include the actual complete agreed plant construction from surveyed starting site through signed civil/mechanical/electrical handover, with integral foundation and generating equipment. Record delivery gate and cold-test stage; this is a construction entity, not a building service or bag of materials.	`un-cpc-power-plants-2025`; `iaea-nuclear-construction-2011`
route_completeness	dataset; inventory	Use the installed design branch, not every example row. Complete its work-package BOM: foundation and material state, generating unit, auxiliary cooling/water/fuel handling, pollution-control hardware, electrical/control/safety, connections, tests and temporary removal. Add every missing specific atomic exchange and supplier link before claiming complete inventory; unsupported branches remain a review gap.	`iaea-nuclear-construction-2011`; `ifc-thermal-power-2008`; `ifc-hydropower-2018`; `doe-wind-siting-2021`
upstream_interfaces	dataset; inventory	Separate supplier manufacturing, attributable supply transport and measured site construction. Received components carry their actual delivered state; raw metal is not added again when a purchased fabricated assembly includes it. Upstream datasets are separately linked with actual formulation, geography, technology and gate; missing links prohibit a complete cradle-to-gate claim.	`ifc-biomass-construction-2017`
handover_and_operation	dataset; inventory	The core endpoint is the actual agreed construction-completion/cold-commissioning handover, with stage and unfinished tests disclosed. It does not establish commercial generating readiness or nuclear licensing. Fuel loading, nuclear startup, hot performance operation and trial electricity/heat exports require a separate fully specified extension with each actual fuel, water, chemical, emission and output; never silently omit included hot tests or blend routine operation.	`ifc-biomass-construction-2017`; `iaea-nuclear-construction-2011`
later_stages	dataset; inventory	Routine generation, maintenance/renewal, reservoirs operational emissions, later decommissioning/demolition, downstream waste treatment and future recovery credits are outside the core. Existing-site demolition/remediation and removal of temporary construction works, if actually undertaken, are separate included work packages with measured flows. Declare land/ecology disturbance, noise/vibration, sediment and thermal releases and their unmeasured coverage; they are not fabricated mass emissions.	`ifc-hydropower-2018`; `doe-wind-siting-2021`
water_identity	dataset; inventory	Keep supplied water, direct river/ground/sea resource intake, internal reuse, captured liquid waste and direct recipient discharge separate. Actual pollutant species/medium and physicochemical state require their own atomic rows. No default density, emission factor, dilution credit or zero for missing measurements.	`ifc-hydropower-2018`; `epa-concrete-washout-2012`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
ground	Site preparation, excavation and ground treatment	required	Actual site, geology, earth/rock balances, access, drainage and slope stabilization; add route-specific excavation/blasting/reinstatement flows when actually used.	foreground	per declared reference flow
civil	Foundations and permanent civil structures	required	Actual foundations, generator bases, powerhouse, containment, headworks/waterways and ancillary structures within the plant boundary; define each as-built work package.	foreground	per declared reference flow
temporary	Temporary works and erection equipment	conditional	Actual formwork, access/crane pads, lifting, shoring or dewatering installations, their repeated use and removal.	foreground	per declared reference flow
thermal	Thermal prime mover and heat-cycle installation	conditional	Actual boiler-steam, simple gas-turbine, combined cycle or reciprocating-engine route; nuclear steam turbine island uses its compatible actual subset.	foreground	per declared reference flow
nuclear	Nuclear island and safety-system installation	conditional	Actual nuclear configuration, qualified concrete/liner/primary components, supports, piping and safety/control systems. Handover stage must state whether fuel loading and nuclear startup are excluded.	foreground	per declared reference flow
hydro	Hydraulic generation and water-conduit installation	conditional	Actual hydro plant; include headworks, pressure waterway, powerhouse, turbine-generator and tailrace interfaces. Shared/multipurpose dam construction receives conserved attribution once.	foreground	per declared reference flow
renewable	Wind and solar generating-equipment installation	conditional	Actual utility-scale wind or PV station, foundation/racking and generator/module configuration, access and installation. Offshore/floating works and other renewable technologies require corresponding primary design and complete additional rows.	foreground	per declared reference flow
electrical	Plant electrical and control installation	required	Actual generator output, plant auxiliaries, transformer, switchgear, cables, earthing, protection and control interfaces; explicitly assign external grid works.	foreground	per declared reference flow
utilities	Construction utilities and environment exchanges	required	Attributable construction, erection, flushing, cold testing and actual included acceptance activities by stage/equipment; no routine operating inventory.	foreground	per declared reference flow
waste	Construction waste containment and export	conditional	Actual segregated waste generation, temporary containment and export before handover; treatment links/gaps disclosed.	foreground	per declared reference flow
transport	Supply and construction-waste transport	conditional	Each actual plant delivery/export leg outside already included supplier gates.	foreground	per declared reference flow
handover	Inspection, cold commissioning and construction handover	required	Actual configuration inspection and agreed civil/mechanical/electrical completion tests with dated signed handover. Hot/fuelled generation is a separately disclosed extension.	foreground	per declared reference flow

All cards below are individually conditional on actual configuration/activity. Required processes must account for their complete actual design, even where the example card is absent or an identity is unresolved. Retain specific additional rows before a dataset claims completeness. Each shared utility amount is allocated by measured process/equipment logs once.

Process: Site preparation, excavation and ground treatment (`ground`)

Inputs

Product flows

Crushed rock for engineered fill (`crushed_rock`)

Only actual imported graded crushed rock used in platforms, crane pads or backfill; native excavated rock retained on site is an internal transfer, not another purchased input.

Selected flow: Crushed rock for engineered fill
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_ground
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; ifc-hydropower-2018

Process: Foundations and permanent civil structures (`civil`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh ready-mixed hydraulic-cement concrete (`fresh_concrete`)

Use only supplied fresh ready-mixed concrete at its batching/delivery gate for actual foundations and plant structures. Record strength, exposure, composition, delivery state, placement, vibration, curing and accepted geometry. Site batching is a separate branch requiring individual cement, aggregate, admixture and water rows and mixing inputs; never count both constituents and purchased concrete.

Selected flow: Fresh ready-mixed hydraulic-cement concrete
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Measured batch-ticket mass; when tickets are in m3, multiply actual delivered volume by independently supported batch/state density. Retain volume, moisture, returns, rejects and tests; no default density or mix.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_civil
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; epa-concrete-washout-2012

Hot rolled rebar steel (`rebar`)

Conditional on actual hot-rolled low-alloy reinforcing bar with carbon C≤0.2% and matching factory output; keep grade, diameter and inspection. Other reinforcement grades need their own specific identity.

Selected flow: Hot rolled rebar steel 43050e3b-42be-465c-a021-17f606484151
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_civil
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; doe-wind-siting-2021

Hot-rolled large section (`structural_section`)

Only actual large hot-rolled iron/non-alloy steel sections before further fabrication. Record section and grade; on-site cutting, welds and erection are foreground. Purchased fabricated frames must use a separate supplied assembly row and exclude their already included raw section.

Selected flow: Hot-rolled large section cbeefeb8-2dfc-48f5-b643-f35aed0d52a1
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_civil
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; ifc-mocuba-solar-2016

Non-shrink hydraulic-cement grout (`hydraulic_grout`)

Include only actual supplied grout for anchor pockets, machine bases or waterway/ground treatment; declared formulation and cured acceptance required. It is not plain Portland cement.

Selected flow: Non-shrink hydraulic-cement grout
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_civil
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; ifc-hydropower-2018

Process: Temporary works and erection equipment (`temporary`)

Inputs

Product flows

Reusable plywood formwork panel (`plywood_form`)

Only plywood panels actually used; record panel area, cycles, loss and transfer to next project. Steel forms, scaffolds, cofferdams and shores, when used, each require separate component rows.

Selected flow: Reusable plywood formwork panel
Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
Amount rule: Measured panel area times evidenced manufacture attribution fraction; reconcile all uses in cp_assets. Unknown denominator requires review; physical panel movements remain a separate ledger.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_assets
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Hydraulic crawler excavator (`excavator`)

Only the actual complete excavator deployed for excavation; operation fuel is separately metered. Preserve equipment identity and configuration; do not select a crane subassembly as the excavator.

Selected flow: Hydraulic crawler excavator
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Actual equipment count times documented manufacture attribution fraction from cp_assets; retain cross-project total at most one per asset.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_assets
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; ifc-hydropower-2018

Mobile crawler crane (`mobile_crane`)

Only actual erection crane; foundation/crane-pad construction and energy remain separate. Its asset manufacture is shared across real deployments.

Selected flow: Mobile crawler crane
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Actual crane count times evidenced manufacture share from cp_assets; never reset full manufacture burden for each project.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_assets
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017; doe-wind-siting-2021

Process: Thermal prime mover and heat-cycle installation (`thermal`)

Inputs

Product flows

Power-generation steam boiler (`steam_boiler`)

Only boiler-based thermal route. Define furnace, boiler supplied package and auxiliaries by actual contract; cold installation is separate from fuel burning. Simple-cycle gas turbines do not require this boiler.

Selected flow: Power-generation steam boiler
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008; ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Steam turbine assembly (`steam_turbine`)

Use for actual steam cycle, including thermal, combined-cycle or nuclear turbine island. Installed unit has documented steam parameters and supplied boundary; it is not a hydraulic turbine.

Selected flow: Steam turbine assembly
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Industrial gas turbine assembly (`gas_turbine`)

Only actual combustion turbine with identified compressor/combustor/turbine package; generator and HRSG are separate unless explicitly supplied within that package and not counted twice.

Selected flow: Industrial gas turbine assembly
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008

Heat-recovery boiler assembly (HRSG) (`hrsg`)

Only actual combined-cycle heat-recovery equipment; record pressure circuit, supplied module and field welds. Omit for a genuine simple-cycle gas plant.

Selected flow: Heat-recovery boiler assembly (HRSG)
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008

Stationary reciprocating generating engine (`engine`)

Only an actual reciprocating-engine generating route; specify engine and whether generator is included, and its mounting/auxiliaries. This is not mobile construction diesel machinery.

Selected flow: Stationary reciprocating generating engine
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008

Synchronous electrical generator (`synchronous_generator`)

Only actual standalone generator of the thermal/nuclear package; reconcile ratings, voltage, cooling and shaft interface. Exclude if already included in purchased generating set.

Selected flow: Synchronous electrical generator
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Steam surface condenser (`condenser`)

Only condensing steam cycle with actual heat-exchange equipment; identify cooling circuit and tube specification. No universal condenser for simple-cycle gas generation.

Selected flow: Steam surface condenser
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008

Wet recirculating cooling tower (`cooling_tower`)

Only actual wet recirculating cooling configuration and supplied tower boundary. Dry cooling and once-through water require their own specified equipment; no default water demand or evaporation.

Selected flow: Wet recirculating cooling tower
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_thermal
Sources: ifc-thermal-power-2008

Process: Nuclear island and safety-system installation (`nuclear`)

Inputs

Product flows

Reactor pressure vessel (`reactor_vessel`)

Only a nuclear configuration using this vessel; identify reactor design and delivered internals boundary, weld/test records and installation acceptance. Other reactor designs require their actual components.

Selected flow: Reactor pressure vessel
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_nuclear
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Nuclear steam generator (`nuclear_steam_generator`)

Only actual indirect steam-cycle nuclear configuration using separate steam generator; reactor type and material/pressure specification are required. Do not impose it on direct-cycle reactors.

Selected flow: Nuclear steam generator
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_nuclear
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Fabricated steel containment liner (`containment_liner`)

Only the actual lined containment design; record liner material, fabrication gate, embedded interfaces, installation welds and leak-test acceptance. Other containment systems need corresponding rows.

Selected flow: Fabricated steel containment liner
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_nuclear
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Nuclear safety injection pump (`safety_pump`)

Only actual safety-injection configuration; identify qualified pump, drive and supply scope. Complete safety instrumentation, valves and cables must each be added from the actual nuclear BOM; this row does not represent the whole safety system.

Selected flow: Nuclear safety injection pump
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_nuclear
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Process: Hydraulic generation and water-conduit installation (`hydro`)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated steel penstock (`penstock`)

Only actual pressure-water conduit; preserve diameter, length, thickness, steel grade, supports, weld tests and liner/coating scope. Waterway and headworks geometry are measured separately.

Selected flow: Fabricated steel penstock
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect attributable measured mass from delivery, return, stock and installation records; keep losses and destination separately.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_hydro
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018

Vertical Francis hydraulic turbine (`francis_turbine`)

Only complete vertical Francis hydraulic turbine at factory gate, with actual head, discharge, runner configuration and acceptance. Kaplan, Pelton and reversible pump-turbines must have separate exact rows and identities.

Selected flow: Vertical Francis hydraulic turbine f762dd15-89d4-4b91-abc3-38ba6d4539ea
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_hydro
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018

Hydro generator (`hydro_generator`)

Only actual hydroelectric generator supplied at its manufacturing/factory gate; record rated output, voltage, shaft configuration and included excitation/cooling. Exclude components already included in a purchased complete turbine-generator unit.

Selected flow: Hydro generator 46310235-eeca-4dee-84fb-50da9b4a99dc
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_hydro
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018

Process: Wind and solar generating-equipment installation (`renewable`)

Inputs

Product flows

wind turbine (`wind_turbine`)

Only actual factory-supplied onshore wind turbine of rated power below 2 MW. Record model, tower/rotor/nacelle included boundary, foundations and erection separately. Larger and offshore turbines require independent exact rows; this restriction does not narrow the plant category to small turbines.

Selected flow: wind turbine e4ae4246-b93d-44ab-bb73-58671139c50b
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_renewable
Sources: doe-wind-siting-2021

Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module (`poly_module`)

Only actual CN polycrystalline silicon module supplied at photovoltaic station interface. Preserve measured module gross-area convention, module count/rating and included transport gate; it is a module, not a whole station or generated electricity.

Selected flow: Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module 5bdcaef5-1689-4ad5-8ce2-c1543b0ff811
Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
Amount rule: Sum measured actual module area from dimensions and installed/returned counts using the same gross-area convention; retain m2, never replace its primary Area property with Mass or energy.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_renewable
Sources: ifc-mocuba-solar-2016

Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Module (`mono_module`)

Only actual CN monocrystalline silicon module at the photovoltaic-station supply interface; identify technology, gross area and included supply scope. Site design must independently support this branch; the Mocuba case is polycrystalline and gives no monocrystalline defaults.

Selected flow: Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Module fbfc81aa-aefd-49ec-aaf6-81b9416a7b78
Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
Amount rule: Measure actual module area and reconcile configuration/count/rating with acceptance records; preserve Area/m2.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_renewable
Sources: un-cpc-power-plants-2025

Process: Plant electrical and control installation (`electrical`)

Inputs

Product flows

Transformer (`transformer`)

Only actual factory-supplied 400 kVA, 10/0.4 kV transformer used for transmission/distribution within the declared plant interface; retain matched type and included oil/accessory scope. Other capacities or voltage ratios need their own atomic row and identity. External network/substation delivery is separately assigned.

Selected flow: Transformer 734249ea-34e6-471b-a05a-f5b26b818167
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_electrical
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017; ifc-hydropower-2018

Low-voltage cable (`lv_cable`)

Only actual CN factory-gate low-voltage cable conforming to the original GB/T 12706.1-2020 route and matched conductor, insulation, rated voltage and cross-section. Verify supplied cable and included packaging; it is not generic copper metal or HV cable.

Selected flow: Low-voltage cable 49101b44-20cc-46a0-adfb-af07e4cc8908
Flow property / unit: Length 838aaa23-0117-11db-92e3-0800200c9a66 / m
Amount rule: Measure reel delivery lengths minus returns; reconcile installed circuits and separately documented offcuts. Retain primary Length/m, not assumed cable kg per metre.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_electrical
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Metal-enclosed AC switchgear (`switchgear`)

Only actual plant switchgear at the specified voltage/current and supplied configuration; gas-insulated variants must add each actual gas charge and actual release as separate chemical rows. No assumed SF6 emission.

Selected flow: Metal-enclosed AC switchgear
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_electrical
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Photovoltaic DC-to-AC inverter (`pv_inverter`)

Only actual PV plant DC-to-AC conversion unit; retain rating, topology, quantity and whether transformer/switchgear is included.

Selected flow: Photovoltaic DC-to-AC inverter
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: Count the actual accepted units of the same specified configuration within this plant; reconcile serial numbers and included subassemblies.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_electrical
Sources: ifc-mocuba-solar-2016

Process: Construction utilities and environment exchanges (`utilities`)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (`diesel`)

Only supplied diesel fuel as a technosphere material; grade, formulation, supplier, fossil/biogenic fraction, density and heating value remain site records because the identity leaves them unspecified. Meter equipment combustion separately; do not double count fuel plus a fully linked fuel-burn service.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Use fuel stock/delivery/return balance and equipment records in kg; convert measured litres only with evidenced density at the same temperature/state. No fixed consumption or LHV.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_utilities
Sources: iaea-nuclear-construction-2011; ifc-hydropower-2018

Alternating current (`lv_power`)

Only actual CN grid-average customer-side supply below 1 kV; verify meter voltage/country, delivery interface and temporal mix. Other locations, voltage or on-site generation require separately verified identities.

Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
Amount rule: Meter and sum attributable purchased energy; exact conversion 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Preserve primary Net calorific value/MJ; segregate internal construction generation and trial exports.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_utilities
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Alternating current (`mv_power`)

Only actual CN grid-average customer-side supply 1–35 kV; verify meter voltage/country, delivery interface and temporal mix. Other locations, voltage or on-site generation require separately verified identities.

Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
Amount rule: Meter and sum attributable purchased energy; exact conversion 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Preserve primary Net calorific value/MJ; segregate internal construction generation and trial exports.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_utilities
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Delivered fresh construction water (`supplied_water`)

Only actual technosphere freshwater delivered for curing, washing, flushing or tests, with supplier/gate and delivery network identified; recycled internal water is an internal transfer. The Hong Kong plant-gate treated-water identity cannot identify unrestricted site supply.

Selected flow: Delivered fresh construction water
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Meter actual delivered volume in m3 by use and date; reconcile storage, internal reuse, consumption and exported water without invented density.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_utilities
Sources: epa-concrete-washout-2012; ifc-biomass-construction-2017

Elementary flows

river water (`river_intake`)

Only actual direct river-water abstraction crossing environment into construction/test use; identify river and extraction country. It is a renewable material resource from water, not purchased water, a discharge, or routine operational turbine throughput.

Selected flow: river water 805a7346-1664-4483-afe3-4b224be5e361
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Measure abstraction volume at intake in m3 during the included works; separately retain return and consumptive use.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

ground water (`groundwater_intake`)

Only actual groundwater extraction/dewatering from the identified aquifer into site handling; distinguish rainfall, river diversion and recirculation. Retain aquifer/extraction geography and later destination.

Selected flow: ground water 4f462198-40cd-4184-8733-86648a20dc3f
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Meter actual pumped groundwater volume in m3, with time, abstraction point and water balance.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

sea water (`sea_intake`)

Only actual direct sea-water abstraction for included construction or cold-test activity. Preserve resource-from-water classification and primary Mass; it is not sea-water discharge or normal operating cooling water.

Selected flow: sea water 172a3db9-6556-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Measure sea-water mass in kg, or measured m3 times evidenced kg/m3 density at the same salinity/temperature; keep a separate volume ledger. Unknown density requires review.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Outputs

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (`fossil_co2`)

Only evidenced immediate fossil CO2 emission into external air, unspecified subcompartment, from included site engines or other actual works. Exclude biogenic CO2, upstream emissions, indoor concentrations and soil/long-term release.

Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Retain measured emitted species mass or a documented site fuel-carbon balance/model with fossil share, oxidized carbon, activity and uncertainty; no emission solely inferred from a fuel row.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

nitrogen monoxide (`nitrogen_monoxide`)

Only evidenced immediate molecular NO, CAS 10102-43-9, emission to external air/unspecified from included activity. NOx expressed as NO2-equivalent does not establish this molecular species; do not use inconsistent synonyms or N2O.

Selected flow: nitrogen monoxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96ee-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Measure or use independently supported species-specific site model mass in kg; unknown speciation remains unmeasured, not invented or zero.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

nitrogen dioxide (`nitrogen_dioxide`)

Only evidenced immediate molecular NO2, CAS 10102-44-0, emission to external air/unspecified from included activity. NOx expressed as NO2-equivalent does not establish this molecular species; do not use inconsistent synonyms or N2O.

Selected flow: nitrogen dioxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96e5-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Measure or use independently supported species-specific site model mass in kg; unknown speciation remains unmeasured, not invented or zero.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

particles (PM2.5) (`pm_fine`)

Only evidenced external airborne PM2.5 particulate release from actual excavation/handling/combustion, immediate air/unspecified. Captured dust is a waste; measured ambient concentration alone is not released mass.

Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Determine non-overlapping size-fraction emitted kg from supported source/activity measurements or an independently validated project-specific model; total PM10 must not be added to its fractions.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (`pm_coarse`)

Only evidenced external airborne above PM2.5 through PM10 particulate release from actual excavation/handling/combustion, immediate air/unspecified. Captured dust is a waste; measured ambient concentration alone is not released mass.

Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Determine non-overlapping size-fraction emitted kg from supported source/activity measurements or an independently validated project-specific model; total PM10 must not be added to its fractions.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Water (`freshwater_discharge`)

Only actual liquid water directly crossing the site environment boundary into an identified freshwater receptor, CAS7732-18-5. It is not abstraction, sea return, vapour or liquid sent to treatment; every actual dissolved/suspended pollutant is separately quantified.

Selected flow: Water 5e50fc01-19c6-4377-a1cc-bc65a12498ea
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Meter direct discharge m3 and receptor/date; reconcile source, treatment, storage and water balance without subtracting it from abstraction as a negative resource.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Water (`sea_return`)

Only evidenced liquid-water return to an identified marine receptor during included construction/testing, CAS7732-18-5, Emissions to sea water. Retain actual source, receiving marine area, salinity and individually monitored pollutant constituents; neither clean water nor zero pollution is assumed. It is not freshwater discharge, sea-water abstraction, vapour or liquid sent to treatment.

Selected flow: Water 631ecf13-0e51-4e35-8235-c6f80c60d72c
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Measure actual m3 at marine outfall and document temperature/salinity/constituents; distinguish water volume from thermal and chemical emissions.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_environment
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; iaea-nuclear-construction-2011

Process: Construction waste containment and export (`waste`)

Outputs

Waste flows

Uncontaminated excavated mineral soil for disposal (`mineral_spoil`)

Only actual exported spoil classified as waste by its destination and tests; reused soil on the same site is an internal transfer. Separately identify rock, topsoil and contaminated soil when present.

Selected flow: Uncontaminated excavated mineral soil for disposal
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Weigh segregated stream in kg with wet/dry convention and composition; retain actual receiving treatment, transport and transfer evidence.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; epa-concrete-washout-2012

Hardened concrete rubble (`concrete_rubble`)

Only actual rejected hardened concrete or construction breakage sent off site; returned fresh mix and later demolition are distinct streams/stages.

Selected flow: Hardened concrete rubble
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Weigh segregated stream in kg with wet/dry convention and composition; retain actual receiving treatment, transport and transfer evidence.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; epa-concrete-washout-2012

Carbon-steel reinforcement offcuts (`steel_offcuts`)

Only actual segregated reinforcement cutting scrap; separate reusable bars and other metal streams. No automatic avoided-primary-steel credit.

Selected flow: Carbon-steel reinforcement offcuts
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Weigh segregated stream in kg with wet/dry convention and composition; retain actual receiving treatment, transport and transfer evidence.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; epa-concrete-washout-2012

Cementitious concrete washout liquid (`washout_liquid`)

Only captured concrete chute/pump washout liquid exported for treatment, separate from settled hardened solids. No assumed release to water or soil; independent actual pollutant measurements are required if leakage occurred.

Selected flow: Cementitious concrete washout liquid
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Amount rule: Measure segregated wet stream m3 and actual treatment destination; retain solids content, sampling and water balance.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: ifc-hydropower-2018; epa-concrete-washout-2012

Process: Supply and construction-waste transport (`transport`)

Inputs

Product flows

freight transport (`road_freight`)

Only actual non-refrigerated delivery/export legs using the public road-freight production-at-plant identity and a separately compatible service dataset; retain vehicle class, load, route, empty-return method and real origin/delivery gates. The flow identity supplies no carrier fuel/emission factors. Heavy-lift sea/rail transport requires its own atomic service and evidence; upstream included freight is not counted twice.

Selected flow: freight transport 4f1a3f30-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
Flow property / unit: massdistance 118f2a40-50ec-457c-aa60-9bc6b6af9931 / tkm
Amount rule: Sum actual cargo tonnes times actual leg km using manifests and route records; reconcile shared loads, payload convention and origin/destination.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_transport
Sources: ifc-biomass-construction-2017; doe-wind-siting-2021

Process: Inspection, cold commissioning and construction handover (`handover`)

Outputs

Product flows

Complete power plant at construction handover (`reference_product_power_plant`)

The same identified complete constructed entity with actual installed route/configuration and declared acceptance stage. A civil-only building, loose generator or electricity output cannot substitute.

Selected flow: Complete power plant at construction handover
Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
Amount rule: 1 item
Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_handover
Sources: un-cpc-power-plants-2025

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule
direct_activity	dataset; inventory	First assign materials, metered energy and work packages directly to the actual plant. For shared batching, workforce equipment or deliveries use recorded beneficiary activities/loads and explain the physical relationship; neither plant cost nor assumed annual generation supplies the denominator. Missing relationship requires review.
shared_assets	dataset; inventory	For each equipment or reusable form/component retain a persistent manufacture-burden ledger across every project and period. Attribute measured asset amount times evidenced use share; the cumulative shares must be ≤1 and operating energy is separate. Record actual hours/cycles or supported whole-asset denominator and beneficiaries; unknown future life/capacity remains an explicit review, not a fresh full burden at every project.
multipurpose_works	dataset; inventory	Shared dam, reservoir civil works, access and grid interfaces must be assigned once with project-specific causal/service evidence among actual beneficiaries; shares conserve the entire included construction burden. State unallocated/missing scope. Independently imported component datasets must not duplicate plant foreground works.
residuals	dataset; inventory	Separate reusable material/product transfers from segregated waste and actual disposal. Do not net avoided virgin manufacture or future recovery into core construction. A hot-test electricity/heat extension records actual useful outputs and its independent allocation basis; trial export does not turn construction reference quantity into kWh.

These attribution rules require the explicit foreground measurement and cross-project evidence of cp_assets and the relevant work-package protocols; they supply no external default share, lifetime or substitution factor.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_ground	ground	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Site survey, starting state, geology, bank/loose earth/rock volumes, fill grading, transport/export destinations and remediation flags	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_civil	civil	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Work-package/drawing ids, concrete batch/grade/density/moisture, reinforcement tickets, geometry, placement/vibration/curing, structural and leak tests	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_thermal	thermal	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Cycle type, unit/serial/rating, supplied assembly boundaries, foundations/alignment, piping, welds, cooling/fuel-handling and installation tests	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_nuclear	nuclear	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Reactor design, nuclear-island configuration, qualified materials, liner and primary components, safety BOM, weld/test and construction stage; fuel-load status	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_hydro	hydro	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Intake/waterway/penstock/powerhouse/tailrace as-built geometry, head/discharge, turbine-generator configuration and shared dam attribution	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_renewable	renewable	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Wind turbine rating/onshore/offshore and included tower/rotor/nacelle; PV cell technology, module area/count, mounts and inverter; construction scope	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_electrical	electrical	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Circuit ids, supply voltage/country, transformer ratings, supplied package boundary, cable lengths/specifications, protection/earthing and cold acceptance	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_utilities	utilities	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Equipment/activity/stage ids, diesel stock/grade/density/carbon/LHV, power meters and voltage, water end use and internal generation	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_waste	waste	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Segregated stream, material/state, wet/dry mass, washout volume/solids, tests, transfer and actual receiver/treatment/gate	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_transport	transport	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Cargo mass/dimensions, origin/destination, real leg distance/mode/load, equipment mobilisation, return/load attribution and included upstream freight	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_handover	handover	Each actual atomic exchange and same declared plant	foreground_records	Entity/site id, generating route, actual unit capacity and capacity convention, plant geometry and interfaces, accepted components/tests, dates/signatures and incomplete work	Use signed drawings/tests, original supplier tickets, calibrated weighing/meters, equipment logs and configuration evidence; reconcile field work packages and subcontractors	Row-specific kg, m3, m2, m, MJ, item, t*km; raw capacity MW and geometry retained separately	Every delivery/return, activity/meter interval, installation test and final handover	Entire actual included construction period, rework and subcontracted stages; each gap explicit	Same defined plant/site, actual interfaces and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration/density/state checks, geometry/BOM reconciliation, identity/gate matches, uncertainty and signed acceptance
cp_assets	temporary	Equipment and reusable-component manufacture attribution	foreground_records	Asset id/configuration; measured count/area/mass; actual project use; previous cumulative share; supported full-asset denominator; beneficiary ledger	Reconcile one persistent ledger across all users/projects/periods with actual hours/cycles or supported denominator; unknown denominator requires review	item; m2; kg; fraction; hours/cycles	Every deployment/reuse/transfer and allocation update	All relevant asset projects and service periods	Asset and all beneficiaries	per declared reference flow	Measured asset amount, manufacture provenance, conserved cumulative shares ≤1 and separately metered operating energy
cp_environment	utilities	Each actual resource intake and external release	foreground_records	Stage/equipment, species/CAS, fossil fraction, resource/receptor/compartment, mass/volume, time, salinity/temperature/density, measured source rate/activity, control capture, model provenance and uncertainty	Calibrated intake/outfall meters and source-specific chemical/size-fraction monitoring or independently supported site model; reconcile water/carbon balances. Record noise, vibration, ecological disturbance and thermal effects separately; do not infer emitted mass from concentration alone	kg; m3	Every intake/release interval, documented activity and sample	All included site construction/testing intervals; unobserved intervals disclosed	Actual source and environment boundary/receptor	per declared reference flow	Calibration, chemistry/speciation, disjoint size fractions, medium/state and independent model checks, mass/volume balance and uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output
calc_reference	all inventory rows	Aggregate each attributable atomic quantity for this same accepted entity. q = Q / N, where N = 1 complete delivered plant; q is per declared reference flow. Do not divide by assumed plant mass, lifetime, cost or generated electricity.	cp_handover	per declared reference flow
calc_electricity	lv_power; mv_power	E_MJ = E_kWh * 3.6; preserve actual meter/gate and allocate construction energy once.	cp_utilities	MJ per declared reference flow
calc_density	fresh_concrete; diesel; sea_intake	Mass in kg = measured volume times independently evidenced same-material/state density in compatible units; retain raw volume and density provenance. Unknown density is review, not a guessed factor.	cp_civil; cp_utilities; cp_environment	kg per declared reference flow
calc_freight	road_freight	Sum actual cargo tonnes * actual route kilometres by leg, with supported shared-load and return convention; distinguish raw vehicle-km from t*km and included supply freight.	cp_transport	t*km per declared reference flow
calc_modules	poly_module; mono_module	Sum measured module gross areas using the same area convention and accepted installed counts; reconcile rejected/returned modules. Rated capacity and electricity are distinct qualifiers/outputs.	cp_renewable	m2 per declared reference flow
calc_attribution	plywood_form; excavator; mobile_crane	Attributable asset manufacture = measured asset amount * evidenced share; cumulative shares across every beneficiary and period ≤1. Keep physical transfer ledger and operating fuel separate; unsupported use/lifetime denominator is review.	cp_assets	attributed asset amount per declared reference flow
calc_releases	fossil_co2; nitrogen_monoxide; nitrogen_dioxide; pm_fine; pm_coarse	Use measured emitted species mass or an independently supported source-specific site model. Fossil CO2 may use measured oxidized fossil carbon * 44/12 with composition/oxidation evidence; molecular NO and NO2 require independent speciation, and PM fractions are disjoint. No universal engine/plant emission factors are given.	cp_environment	kg per declared reference flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
configuration	reference product	Actual generating route, complete installed BOM, geography, capacity/geometry and delivery stage must describe the same identified plant.	cp_handover; cp_civil; cp_thermal; cp_nuclear; cp_hydro; cp_renewable
coverage	all inventory rows	Cover every actual work package, subcontracted interval and relevant route; disclose missing measurements, components, unsupported identities and all excluded stages without claiming complete lifecycle.	cp_handover; construction records; supplier gates
metrology	all inventory rows	Retain calibration, raw basis/state, density/composition provenance, dimensional consistency and uncertainty; no default mix, site consumption, plant mass or life.	cp_civil; cp_utilities; cp_environment; cp_transport
attribution	temporary; hydro; electrical	Persistent asset and multipurpose civil/interface allocations conserve burdens across all beneficiaries; unresolved denominator or scope stays review.	cp_assets; original project allocation ledger
source_limits	dataset	Historical technical sources support qualitative construction/route facts only, not current permission, default recipe, lifetime or emission factor. Nuclear, biomass, hydro, wind and solar case scopes must not be silently extended.	`un-cpc-power-plants-2025`; `iaea-nuclear-construction-2011`; `ifc-thermal-power-2008`; `ifc-biomass-construction-2017`; `ifc-hydropower-2018`; `doe-wind-siting-2021`; `ifc-mocuba-solar-2016`; `epa-concrete-washout-2012`

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule
identity_gate	dataset; inventory	Require one actual constructed power-plant entity, its generating route and all mandatory qualifiers. Verify every adopted identity against material/specification, geography, state, route, primary property and unit group; unresolved identity is not a substitution licence.
measurement_gate	dataset; inventory	The final output is exactly 1 item/件 and every inventory/protocol basis is the same declared reference flow. Reconcile measured geometry, capacity, count and delivery state; never infer mass per plant, life, energy yield or a universal mix. Preserve Mass, Area, Length, Volume and energy identities and evidence for any conversion.
completeness_gate	dataset; inventory	Match every actual required/conditional design work package to its atomic rows, original records and upstream/transport interfaces. Missing components, unmetered work, hot tests within the accepted scope, unknown allocations or conversions and unsupported routes remain review gaps and prohibit a complete result; genuine absence requires design evidence.
environment_gate	dataset; inventory	Check independent source/species/medium evidence before direct elementary exchanges, including fossil share, molecular NO/NO2, disjoint PM fractions and water receptor. Captured sludge/liquid is waste, internal recirculation is not intake, and noise/concentration is not assumed emitted mass. Missing observation is not zero.
attribution_gate	dataset; inventory	Reconcile each persistent asset and shared dam/connection ledger across all users, projects and periods; cumulative manufacture shares ≤1 and complete attribution sums to the whole declared burden. Retain actual gates and eliminate duplicate raw materials, equipment packages, fuel services and freight.
handover_gate	dataset; inventory	Require dated signed construction acceptance, geometry/configuration and outstanding-tests list. Independent structural, electrical, nuclear, environmental or regulatory acceptance must be evidenced where claimed; PCR inspection establishes none of these approvals. Report performed/skipped checks, findings, uncertainty and covered/excluded stages.

Raw downloads

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pcr.en-US.md91 KB · 487dca526055…
manifest.yaml7.3 KB · 5125c7aee03d…
pcr.zh-CN.md81 KB · 1b4323316647…
structured.yaml129 KB · e1ea553eb277…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`construction_scope`	dataset; inventory	Include the actual complete agreed plant construction from surveyed starting site through signed civil/mechanical/electrical handover, with integral foundation and generating equipment. Record delivery gate and cold-test stage; this is a construction entity, not a building service or bag of materials.	un-cpc-power-plants-2025, iaea-nuclear-construction-2011
`route_completeness`	dataset; inventory	Use the installed design branch, not every example row. Complete its work-package BOM: foundation and material state, generating unit, auxiliary cooling/water/fuel handling, pollution-control hardware, electrical/control/safety, connections, tests and temporary removal. Add every missing specific atomic exchange and supplier link before claiming complete inventory; unsupported branches remain a review gap.	iaea-nuclear-construction-2011, ifc-thermal-power-2008, ifc-hydropower-2018, doe-wind-siting-2021
`upstream_interfaces`	dataset; inventory	Separate supplier manufacturing, attributable supply transport and measured site construction. Received components carry their actual delivered state; raw metal is not added again when a purchased fabricated assembly includes it. Upstream datasets are separately linked with actual formulation, geography, technology and gate; missing links prohibit a complete cradle-to-gate claim.	ifc-biomass-construction-2017
`handover_and_operation`	dataset; inventory	The core endpoint is the actual agreed construction-completion/cold-commissioning handover, with stage and unfinished tests disclosed. It does not establish commercial generating readiness or nuclear licensing. Fuel loading, nuclear startup, hot performance operation and trial electricity/heat exports require a separate fully specified extension with each actual fuel, water, chemical, emission and output; never silently omit included hot tests or blend routine operation.	ifc-biomass-construction-2017, iaea-nuclear-construction-2011
`later_stages`	dataset; inventory	Routine generation, maintenance/renewal, reservoirs operational emissions, later decommissioning/demolition, downstream waste treatment and future recovery credits are outside the core. Existing-site demolition/remediation and removal of temporary construction works, if actually undertaken, are separate included work packages with measured flows. Declare land/ecology disturbance, noise/vibration, sediment and thermal releases and their unmeasured coverage; they are not fabricated mass emissions.	ifc-hydropower-2018, doe-wind-siting-2021
`water_identity`	dataset; inventory	Keep supplied water, direct river/ground/sea resource intake, internal reuse, captured liquid waste and direct recipient discharge separate. Actual pollutant species/medium and physicochemical state require their own atomic rows. No default density, emission factor, dilution credit or zero for missing measurements.	ifc-hydropower-2018, epa-concrete-washout-2012

Allocation rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`direct_activity`	dataset; inventory	First assign materials, metered energy and work packages directly to the actual plant. For shared batching, workforce equipment or deliveries use recorded beneficiary activities/loads and explain the physical relationship; neither plant cost nor assumed annual generation supplies the denominator. Missing relationship requires review.
`shared_assets`	dataset; inventory	For each equipment or reusable form/component retain a persistent manufacture-burden ledger across every project and period. Attribute measured asset amount times evidenced use share; the cumulative shares must be ≤1 and operating energy is separate. Record actual hours/cycles or supported whole-asset denominator and beneficiaries; unknown future life/capacity remains an explicit review, not a fresh full burden at every project.
`multipurpose_works`	dataset; inventory	Shared dam, reservoir civil works, access and grid interfaces must be assigned once with project-specific causal/service evidence among actual beneficiaries; shares conserve the entire included construction burden. State unallocated/missing scope. Independently imported component datasets must not duplicate plant foreground works.
`residuals`	dataset; inventory	Separate reusable material/product transfers from segregated waste and actual disposal. Do not net avoided virgin manufacture or future recovery into core construction. A hot-test electricity/heat extension records actual useful outputs and its independent allocation basis; trial export does not turn construction reference quantity into kWh.
`allocation_rule_5`	foreground_burden_allocation	These attribution rules require the explicit foreground measurement and cross-project evidence of cp_assets and the relevant work-package protocols; they supply no external default share, lifetime or substitution factor.

Validation rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule
`identity_gate`	dataset; inventory	Require one actual constructed power-plant entity, its generating route and all mandatory qualifiers. Verify every adopted identity against material/specification, geography, state, route, primary property and unit group; unresolved identity is not a substitution licence.
`measurement_gate`	dataset; inventory	The final output is exactly 1 item/件 and every inventory/protocol basis is the same declared reference flow. Reconcile measured geometry, capacity, count and delivery state; never infer mass per plant, life, energy yield or a universal mix. Preserve Mass, Area, Length, Volume and energy identities and evidence for any conversion.
`completeness_gate`	dataset; inventory	Match every actual required/conditional design work package to its atomic rows, original records and upstream/transport interfaces. Missing components, unmetered work, hot tests within the accepted scope, unknown allocations or conversions and unsupported routes remain review gaps and prohibit a complete result; genuine absence requires design evidence.
`environment_gate`	dataset; inventory	Check independent source/species/medium evidence before direct elementary exchanges, including fossil share, molecular NO/NO2, disjoint PM fractions and water receptor. Captured sludge/liquid is waste, internal recirculation is not intake, and noise/concentration is not assumed emitted mass. Missing observation is not zero.
`attribution_gate`	dataset; inventory	Reconcile each persistent asset and shared dam/connection ledger across all users, projects and periods; cumulative manufacture shares ≤1 and complete attribution sums to the whole declared burden. Retain actual gates and eliminate duplicate raw materials, equipment packages, fuel services and freight.
`handover_gate`	dataset; inventory	Require dated signed construction acceptance, geometry/configuration and outstanding-tests list. Independent structural, electrical, nuclear, environmental or regulatory acceptance must be evidenced where claimed; PCR inspection establishes none of these approvals. Report performed/skipped checks, findings, uncertainty and covered/excluded stages.

Processes and inputs/outputs · 12

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`ground`	Site preparation, excavation and ground treatment	1	0
`civil`	Foundations and permanent civil structures	4	0
`temporary`	Temporary works and erection equipment	3	0
`thermal`	Thermal prime mover and heat-cycle installation	8	0
`nuclear`	Nuclear island and safety-system installation	4	0
`hydro`	Hydraulic generation and water-conduit installation	3	0
`renewable`	Wind and solar generating-equipment installation	3	0
`electrical`	Plant electrical and control installation	4	0
`utilities`	Construction utilities and environment exchanges	7	7
`waste`	Construction waste containment and export	0	4
`transport`	Supply and construction-waste transport	1	0
`handover`	Inspection, cold commissioning and construction handover	0	1

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Power plant construction and handover

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

Selected-flow property and unit bindings

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Site preparation, excavation and ground treatment (ground)

Inputs

Product flows

Crushed rock for engineered fill (crushed_rock)

Process: Foundations and permanent civil structures (civil)

Inputs

Product flows

Fresh ready-mixed hydraulic-cement concrete (fresh_concrete)

Hot rolled rebar steel (rebar)

Hot-rolled large section (structural_section)

Non-shrink hydraulic-cement grout (hydraulic_grout)

Process: Temporary works and erection equipment (temporary)

Inputs

Product flows

Reusable plywood formwork panel (plywood_form)

Hydraulic crawler excavator (excavator)

Mobile crawler crane (mobile_crane)

Process: Thermal prime mover and heat-cycle installation (thermal)

Inputs

Product flows

Power-generation steam boiler (steam_boiler)

Steam turbine assembly (steam_turbine)

Industrial gas turbine assembly (gas_turbine)

Heat-recovery boiler assembly (HRSG) (hrsg)

Stationary reciprocating generating engine (engine)

Synchronous electrical generator (synchronous_generator)

Steam surface condenser (condenser)

Wet recirculating cooling tower (cooling_tower)

Process: Nuclear island and safety-system installation (nuclear)

Inputs

Product flows

Reactor pressure vessel (reactor_vessel)

Nuclear steam generator (nuclear_steam_generator)

Fabricated steel containment liner (containment_liner)

Nuclear safety injection pump (safety_pump)

Process: Hydraulic generation and water-conduit installation (hydro)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated steel penstock (penstock)

Vertical Francis hydraulic turbine (francis_turbine)

Hydro generator (hydro_generator)

Process: Wind and solar generating-equipment installation (renewable)

Inputs

Product flows

wind turbine (wind_turbine)

Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module (poly_module)

Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Module (mono_module)

Process: Plant electrical and control installation (electrical)

Inputs

Product flows

Transformer (transformer)

Low-voltage cable (lv_cable)

Metal-enclosed AC switchgear (switchgear)

Photovoltaic DC-to-AC inverter (pv_inverter)

Process: Construction utilities and environment exchanges (utilities)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (diesel)

Alternating current (lv_power)

Alternating current (mv_power)

Delivered fresh construction water (supplied_water)

Elementary flows

river water (river_intake)

ground water (groundwater_intake)

sea water (sea_intake)

Outputs

Process: Site preparation, excavation and ground treatment (`ground`)

Crushed rock for engineered fill (`crushed_rock`)

Process: Foundations and permanent civil structures (`civil`)

Fresh ready-mixed hydraulic-cement concrete (`fresh_concrete`)

Hot rolled rebar steel (`rebar`)

Hot-rolled large section (`structural_section`)

Non-shrink hydraulic-cement grout (`hydraulic_grout`)

Process: Temporary works and erection equipment (`temporary`)

Reusable plywood formwork panel (`plywood_form`)

Hydraulic crawler excavator (`excavator`)

Mobile crawler crane (`mobile_crane`)

Process: Thermal prime mover and heat-cycle installation (`thermal`)

Power-generation steam boiler (`steam_boiler`)

Steam turbine assembly (`steam_turbine`)

Industrial gas turbine assembly (`gas_turbine`)

Heat-recovery boiler assembly (HRSG) (`hrsg`)

Stationary reciprocating generating engine (`engine`)

Synchronous electrical generator (`synchronous_generator`)

Steam surface condenser (`condenser`)

Wet recirculating cooling tower (`cooling_tower`)

Process: Nuclear island and safety-system installation (`nuclear`)

Reactor pressure vessel (`reactor_vessel`)

Nuclear steam generator (`nuclear_steam_generator`)

Fabricated steel containment liner (`containment_liner`)

Nuclear safety injection pump (`safety_pump`)

Process: Hydraulic generation and water-conduit installation (`hydro`)

Fabricated steel penstock (`penstock`)

Vertical Francis hydraulic turbine (`francis_turbine`)

Hydro generator (`hydro_generator`)

Process: Wind and solar generating-equipment installation (`renewable`)

wind turbine (`wind_turbine`)

Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Module (`poly_module`)

Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Module (`mono_module`)

Process: Plant electrical and control installation (`electrical`)

Transformer (`transformer`)

Low-voltage cable (`lv_cable`)

Metal-enclosed AC switchgear (`switchgear`)

Photovoltaic DC-to-AC inverter (`pv_inverter`)

Process: Construction utilities and environment exchanges (`utilities`)

Diesel fuel (`diesel`)

Alternating current (`lv_power`)

Alternating current (`mv_power`)

Delivered fresh construction water (`supplied_water`)

river water (`river_intake`)

ground water (`groundwater_intake`)

sea water (`sea_intake`)

carbon dioxide (fossil) (`fossil_co2`)

nitrogen monoxide (`nitrogen_monoxide`)

nitrogen dioxide (`nitrogen_dioxide`)

particles (PM2.5) (`pm_fine`)

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (`pm_coarse`)

Water (`freshwater_discharge`)

Water (`sea_return`)

Process: Construction waste containment and export (`waste`)

Uncontaminated excavated mineral soil for disposal (`mineral_spoil`)

Hardened concrete rubble (`concrete_rubble`)

Carbon-steel reinforcement offcuts (`steel_offcuts`)

Cementitious concrete washout liquid (`washout_liquid`)

Process: Supply and construction-waste transport (`transport`)

freight transport (`road_freight`)

Process: Inspection, cold commissioning and construction handover (`handover`)

Complete power plant at construction handover (`reference_product_power_plant`)