Bridge and elevated highway delivery

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers the complete site-specific bridge or viaduct for all land-transport modes or pedestrians, and motor-vehicle elevated highways, built from metal, concrete or other evidenced materials. The product is the accepted civil entity with foundations/substructure, superstructure, deck and declared fixed works, not a construction service or a bag of materials. Steel/composite, cast-in-place, precast/prestressed concrete, timber, masonry arch and cable-supported routes remain within scope; every actual route needs project records and specific atomic exchanges. A representative row is conditional and never makes its material mandatory.

Exclude tunnels, ordinary non-elevated roads, railway roadbeds/track infrastructure sold separately, upstream steel bridge sections manufactured alone, operating services and unrelated water-supply aqueducts. Record integral bridge approaches only to explicitly agreed interfaces; do not silently include a whole connecting road/rail corridor. CPC notes also place vehicular/pedestrian underpasses and overpasses in 53211: disclose classification ambiguity and require reviewed applicability for such a project; never resolve overlap by code alone. River-crossing foundations and scour protection actually delivered are included, not river dredging or harbour works by default.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.constructions-and-construction-services.constructions.bridge-and-elevated-highway-delivery
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 53221
covered_products	Complete accepted bridges, viaducts and motor-vehicle elevated highways with declared civil delivery scope
excluded_products	Tunnels; separate road/rail corridors; upstream components; construction/operating services; aqueducts
representative_product	One surveyed accepted complete bridge or elevated-highway entity
production_route	Actual foundations, temporary works, structural erection, deck/fixed works, tests and handover; conditional material routes
market_state	Completed on declared site, accepted with recorded traffic/use and fixed-work state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide the documented land-transport/pedestrian crossing or elevated motor-vehicle route as a delivered civil entity
How much	One complete accepted entity; measured alignment length, each span, deck width and area by stated convention, lane/track/pedestrian configuration, clearances and interfaces
How well	Actual structure, material grades, design/performance and inspection evidence, loading/use restrictions, foundation geology and fixed safety/drainage configuration; no default loads
How long or cycle	One actual construction-to-handover event with dates; no assumed operational lifetime
reference_flow_link	reference_bridge

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Completed bridge or elevated highway
Reference flow property	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345
Reference unit group	Units of items 5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159
Reference unit	item
Required qualifiers	Entity/site id; signed handover and dates; transport modes/use restrictions; alignment length/span schedule; deck width/area convention and geometry; clearances; structural/foundation route and material states; fixed works and approaches interfaces; temporary works; performance/acceptance evidence; upstream gates; excluded and unmeasured stages

item is the display alias for public Item(s). All inventory and collection denominators refer to the same complete delivered entity. Actual deck area and length describe function/configuration; no average kg per bridge, km or m2 conversion is permitted. Comparisons require compatible actual function, geometry, structural performance and lifecycle scope.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_count	reference product	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	item	cp_handover records one accepted whole entity; retain identical declared reference flow in every protocol. No assumed mass M.
geometry	reference configuration	Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66	m2	Retain measured deck area with surveyed length/width by defined geometry, span and interface records; these are qualifiers, not inventory output normalization.
electricity_basis	lv_power; mv_power	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve energy reference property. Use exact 3.6 MJ/kWh; retain supply voltage/country.
liquid_basis	concrete; mains_water; river_water; washwater	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Measure volumes; only use measured density for actual material/state when converting mass. Diesel is a mass row; measured litres require actual density.
freight_basis	road_freight	mass*distance 118f2a40-50ec-457c-aa60-9bc6b6af9931	t*km	Actual cargo tonnes times actual leg kilometres, per declared reference flow; not a reference-product mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Documented actual site before construction and supplied construction products/assets at explicit supplier/site gates before installation
starting_condition_role	foreground_starting_point
product_classification_scope	Complete delivered bridge/elevated-highway entity within declared interfaces
recursive_input_rule	Reuse of an existing bridge/member is recorded once at actual received state; disclose inherited burdens and new interventions, never recursively rebuild an identical category
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link compatible material/component manufacture and actual freight separately with gate verification; disclose missing upstream links. No complete cradle-to-gate claim without them
disclosure	Actual site clearance/foundations/temporary works/erection/deck and inspection through handover; use, maintenance/replacement, traffic operation, later demolition and downstream treatment/credits excluded

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
construction_gate	dataset	Collect actual work packages through signed handover; upstream fabrication, delivery and site installation are distinct. Pre-existing demolition and temporary removal are disclosed separately from later end-of-life.	fhwa-fp24-bridges
route_completeness	inventory	Retain all actual material routes and fixed works. Add each missing specific atomic input/output, including site-batched constituents, anchorage hardware, coating, rail-specific deck and scour protection; row examples are not an exhaustive bill or universal recipe.	un-cpc-bridges-2025; fhwa-fp24-bridges
environment_gate	utilities; waste	Purchased water, direct intake, groundwater dewatering, captured washout and discharges are distinct. Only add individual measured constituents/compartments when evidenced; no mandatory invented emissions. Assess noise, vibration, sediment/turbidity, land/ecology disturbance and unmeasured releases explicitly.	epa-concrete-washout-2012; epa-construction-dust-2010

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
ground	Site investigation, preparation and earthworks	required	Actual delivered design: excavation, fill, access, drainage and environmental protection; pre-existing demolition separately disclosed	foreground	per declared reference flow
foundation	Foundation and substructure construction	required	Actual spread footings, driven piles, drilled shafts, piers and abutments; selected route only, including cofferdam and dewatering where needed	foreground	per declared reference flow
temporary	Temporary works installation, use and removal	conditional	Actual forms, falsework, shoring, cofferdam and launching support; reusable asset manufacture and operation distinguished	foreground	per declared reference flow
structure	Bridge superstructure erection and connections	required	Actual steel, cast-in-place/precast/prestressed concrete, timber, masonry or cable-supported route; all installed members and site operations	foreground	per declared reference flow
deck	Bearings, deck, surfacing and fixed bridge works	required	Actual complete delivered deck configuration; conditional bearings/joints/waterproofing, restraints, drainage, fixed lighting and rail-specific works	foreground	per declared reference flow
utilities	Equipment, site utilities and direct environment exchanges	required	All attributable construction/inspection activity; include subcontractors, generator combustion and measured controls without double counting	foreground	per declared reference flow
waste	Construction waste containment and export	conditional	Each actual segregated stream, washout and dewatering treatment; disclose contaminated soil and add its specific treatment flows	foreground	per declared reference flow
transport	Actual delivery and exported-waste transport	conditional	Only legs not already included in upstream datasets; onsite equipment movement stays in utilities	foreground	per declared reference flow
handover	Inspection and accepted entity handover	required	One actual complete entity; record construction test consumption, defects/rework and removal of temporary works	reference_product	per declared reference flow

Process: Site investigation, preparation and earthworks (ground)

Inputs

Product flows

Crushed stone foundation backfill (stone_fill)

Only the actual grading and moisture received; survey retained fill and weigh deliveries; no default thickness or compaction factor.

• Selected flow: Crushed stone foundation backfill
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_ground; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ground
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Outputs

Waste flows

Non-contaminated excavated mineral soil for disposal (soil_export)

Only actual exported waste; survey bank and loose volumes separately, classify contamination and retain destination. On-site reused soil is an internal transfer.

• Selected flow: Non-contaminated excavated mineral soil for disposal
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_ground; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ground
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Foundation and substructure construction (foundation)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated steel tubular foundation pile (pile)

Only the actual driven steel-pile route; retain section, grade, coating, lengths, driving records and cutoffs. Concrete-filled pile concrete is separate.

• Selected flow: Fabricated steel tubular foundation pile
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_foundation; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_foundation
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing (concrete)

Only actual foundation/substructure ready-mix for shafts, footings, piers and abutments. Retain mix tickets, placed geometry, pumping, vibration and curing; site batching requires separate constituents.

• Selected flow: Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_foundation; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_foundation
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Hot rolled rebar steel (rebar)

Only actual hot-rolled reinforcing bars of documented grade and dimensions; sum weigh tickets/schedules for foundation/substructure cast-in-place work, separate cutting waste and exclude reinforcement already embedded in purchased precast units. This UUID applies only to low-alloy hot-rolled steel with C≤0.2%; otherwise retain another exact atomic rebar row with unresolved UUID.

• Selected flow: Hot rolled rebar steel 43050e3b-42be-465c-a021-17f606484151
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_foundation; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_foundation
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Temporary works installation, use and removal (temporary)

Inputs

Product flows

Plywood formwork panel (formwork)

Only actual plywood formwork; record installed panel area, panel identity, manufacture boundary and a lifetime reuse ledger. Charge attributable manufacture share, not a new full panel burden every pour.

• Selected flow: Plywood formwork panel
• Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_temporary; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temporary
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Reusable steel cofferdam sheet pile (sheet_pile)

Only where a cofferdam uses actual steel sheet piles; preserve installation/removal and asset ledger, attributable manufacture share, dewatering and actual losses; temporary structure is not permanent output.

• Selected flow: Reusable steel cofferdam sheet pile
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_temporary; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_temporary
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Bridge superstructure erection and connections (structure)

Inputs

Product flows

Fabricated structural steel bridge girder (steel_girder)

For steel/composite route: record member marks, supplied fabricated/coated state, actual mass, crane or launching sequence, site connections and inspection. Mill steel is not a fabricated girder.

• Selected flow: Fabricated structural steel bridge girder
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Prestressed precast concrete bridge girder (precast_girder)

Only delivered complete prestressed girders; record each type, geometry and embedded steel/duct/anchorage scope, erection and joint works. Do not charge factory prestressing twice.

• Selected flow: Prestressed precast concrete bridge girder
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Finished structural timber bridge beam (timber_member)

Timber bridges remain included; retain species, grade, preservative/glue state, measured member volume and moisture; raw sawnwood is not automatically a treated finished beam.

• Selected flow: Finished structural timber bridge beam
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Cut natural stone bridge voussoir (masonry_stone)

For actual masonry arch route; retain stone type, finished dimensions, placement, centering and jointing quantities. Other-material routes require their own actual atomic exchanges.

• Selected flow: Cut natural stone bridge voussoir
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Prestressing steel strand (strand)

Only site-applied prestressing; record grade, strand mass, duct length, jacking equipment, tension record and actual anchorage/grout; omit strands already included in precast supplier scope.

• Selected flow: Prestressing steel strand
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Finished steel bridge stay cable (stay_cable)

For cable-supported bridges: retain actual cable construction, sheathing, anchor scope, erection and stressing; suspension bridges record actual main cable, hangers and tower exchanges separately.

• Selected flow: Finished steel bridge stay cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Steel prestressing anchorage (anchor)

Only separately supplied anchorage, with actual type/count and associated cable/strand scope; avoid counting an anchor already in a complete supplied cable.

• Selected flow: Steel prestressing anchorage
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Cementitious prestressing duct grout (grout)

Only actual grouting; record formulation, batch masses, duct volume and injection/returns. If site mixed, split cement, each additive and mixing water; no prescribed recipe.

• Selected flow: Cementitious prestressing duct grout
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

High-strength structural steel bolt (bolt)

Only actual bolted joints; collect bolt grade/type/count and installation inspection; nuts and washers are separate atomic flows when supplied separately.

• Selected flow: High-strength structural steel bolt
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Steel flux-cored welding wire (weld_wire)

Only actual flux-cored site welding; retain consumable specification and used mass; welding power and each shielding gas are separate, shop welds belong to supplied fabrication.

• Selected flow: Steel flux-cored welding wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing (structure_concrete)

Only actual cast-in-place superstructure, separately measured by structural element; match delivered ready-mix to placed geometry, pump/vibration/curing and returns. Precast-contained concrete is not entered again. Site batching splits each constituent.

• Selected flow: Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Hot rolled rebar steel (structure_rebar)

Only actual separately supplied low-alloy hot-rolled C≤0.2% rebar for cast-in-place superstructure; retain grade/dimensions and weigh tickets; exclude steel embedded in complete supplied precast. Other grades need another identity.

• Selected flow: Hot rolled rebar steel 43050e3b-42be-465c-a021-17f606484151
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_structure; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_structure
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Bearings, deck, surfacing and fixed bridge works (deck)

Inputs

Product flows

Laminated elastomeric bridge bearing (bearing)

Only an actual laminated elastomeric bearing; record drawings, rubber/steel scope, count and setting. Sliding/disc/roller/rocker bearings require their own exact rows; integral bridges disclose absent bearings.

• Selected flow: Laminated elastomeric bridge bearing
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Steel bridge expansion joint (joint)

Only actual steel joint devices, with movement/type/length and embedded scope; jointless structures disclose absence. Installation grout and seal components not included by supplier are separate.

• Selected flow: Steel bridge expansion joint
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Bituminous bridge-deck waterproofing sheet (waterproof)

Only actual sheet membrane compatible with bridge-deck specification; measure purchased area including laps/cutoffs; primers are separate.

• Selected flow: Bituminous bridge-deck waterproofing sheet
• Flow property / unit: Area 93a60a56-a3c8-19da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m2
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Asphalt mixture (asphalt)

Only actual purchased aggregate/binder/filler asphalt mixture for surfacing; record binder/mix design, temperature, supplier gate, weighed deliveries and rejects. Actual cement-concrete, timber or railway bridge deck surfacing requires its own rows.

• Selected flow: Asphalt mixture ad29a865-2fd6-41da-99d2-9669b9c7984d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Fabricated steel bridge railing panel (railing)

Only actual railing with geometry, anchoring and corrosion-protection state; road restraint barriers and pedestrian parapets are distinguished.

• Selected flow: Fabricated steel bridge railing panel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Polyvinyl chloride bridge drainage pipe (drain)

Only actual PVC drainage pipe; record pipe dimensions, mass, installation and outfall; other polymer/metal pipes, scuppers, lighting and railway-specific fixed works must be added separately when delivered.

• Selected flow: Polyvinyl chloride bridge drainage pipe
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing (deck_concrete)

Only actual cast-in-place bridge deck, separately measured by structural element; match delivered ready-mix to placed geometry, pump/vibration/curing and returns. Precast-contained concrete is not entered again. Site batching splits each constituent.

• Selected flow: Ready-mixed structural concrete before placing
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Hot rolled rebar steel (deck_rebar)

Only actual separately supplied low-alloy hot-rolled C≤0.2% rebar for cast-in-place bridge deck; retain grade/dimensions and weigh tickets; exclude steel embedded in complete supplied precast. Other grades need another identity.

• Selected flow: Hot rolled rebar steel 43050e3b-42be-465c-a021-17f606484151
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_deck; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_deck
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Equipment, site utilities and direct environment exchanges (utilities)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (lv_power)

Only actual CN user-side grid supply below 1 kV; retain meter voltage/geography. Other supply requires another compatible identity. Generated electricity is not this purchased grid input.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Alternating current (mv_power)

Only actual CN user-side grid supply at 1–35 kV. Keep separately metered circuits distinct from the LV row and never count the same supply twice.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Diesel fuel (diesel)

Only actual diesel used in excavation, piling, pumps, cranes, launching and generators; collect stage/equipment mass or volume, density, measured supplier LHV and fossil/bio share. Foreground fuel combustion is separated from fuel production and from generator electricity already containing combustion.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Treated mains water supplied to construction site (mains_water)

Only purchased treated water for actual curing, cleaning or dust suppression; meter end use and avoid re-entering it as a direct natural resource withdrawal.

• Selected flow: Treated mains water supplied to construction site
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Elementary flows

river water (river_water)

Only documented direct river intake; record location, meter, fresh-water body and return; excludes groundwater, seawater, purchased water and mere transit dewatering. Retain country of extraction in process location for compatible characterization.

• Selected flow: river water 805a7346-1664-4483-afe3-4b224be5e361
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Outputs

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (co2)

Only quantified actual fossil-carbon combustion to unspecified air, immediate release; derive from measured fuel fossil-carbon mass and oxidation evidence or a compatible engine measurement. No universal emission factor; change identity for known different subcompartment.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources:

nitrogen monoxide (no)

Only measured/model-supported NO, CAS 10102-43-9, immediate unspecified-air release. Aggregated NOx reported as NO2 equivalent cannot establish this molecular exchange.

• Selected flow: nitrogen monoxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96ee-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources:

nitrogen dioxide (no2)

Only measured/model-supported NO2, CAS 10102-44-0, immediate unspecified-air release; separate NO and N2O. Retain engine/load/aftertreatment and measurement uncertainty.

• Selected flow: nitrogen dioxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96e5-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources:

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (dust)

Only quantified actual 2.5–10 micrometre airborne fraction to unspecified air from excavation/handling/traffic; EPA qualitative evidence does not provide a project default rate. PM10 includes PM2.5 and cannot be substituted for this disjoint fraction.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: epa-construction-dust-2010

particles (PM2.5) (fine_pm)

Only actually quantified particles below 2.5 micrometres to unspecified air, immediate release from measured combustion or dust; no default factor or assumed occurrence. Keep source activity and control efficiency evidence; avoid overlapping total PM10 inventory.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_utilities; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: epa-construction-dust-2010

Process: Construction waste containment and export (waste)

Outputs

Waste flows

Hardened concrete construction offcut (concrete_waste)

Only actual segregated hardened concrete waste; quantify mass and destination, separate wet returned concrete, demolition and mixed rubble.

• Selected flow: Hardened concrete construction offcut
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_waste; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Steel construction offcut for recycling (steel_waste)

Only actual exported construction scrap; weigh, record recipient/gate and treatment; do not assume recycling yield or avoided virgin-steel credit.

• Selected flow: Steel construction offcut for recycling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_waste; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Contained concrete-equipment washwater for treatment (washwater)

Only collected washwater crossing the waste boundary; meter volume and solids/alkalinity, record treatment and reuse. It is not automatically a freshwater environmental discharge.

• Selected flow: Contained concrete-equipment washwater for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_waste; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: epa-concrete-washout-2012

Process: Actual delivery and exported-waste transport (transport)

Inputs

Product flows

freight transport (road_freight)

Only the actual supplied road-freight legs, at the declared transport-service supply boundary, not included by upstream products; retain route, cargo, load and empty-return evidence. The public massdistance property has kgkm as reference unit and tkm = 1000 kgkm; collect cargo tonnes times distance in km. Distinguish off-site waste transport and other transport modes; add other compatible identities as needed.

• Selected flow: freight transport 4f1a3f30-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: massdistance 118f2a40-50ec-457c-aa60-9bc6b6af9931 / tkm
• Amount rule: Actual attributable exchange from cp_transport; preserve physical state/unit and no default quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_transport
• Sources: fhwa-fp24-bridges

Process: Inspection and accepted entity handover (handover)

Outputs

Product flows

Completed bridge or elevated highway (reference_bridge)

One complete delivered entity with surveyed alignment/span/deck configuration and signed handover; construction tests and temporary-works removal belong to the actual event, no assumed lifetime.

• Selected flow: Completed bridge or elevated highway
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / item
• Amount rule: 1 item
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_handover
• Sources: un-cpc-bridges-2025

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
partition_first	all processes	Separate work packages, equipment meters, deliveries and shared assets before allocation. Direct measured activity is preferred; allocate only unresolved shared quantities with documented causal machine-hours, load, distance or actual work quantities from cp_assets, and preserve a balance. No default cost or mass shares.
reuse_conservation	temporary; utilities	For each reusable form, cofferdam member, crane or launching asset, preserve one manufacture-burden ledger across projects, periods and uses. Cumulative allocated fraction must not exceed one; service denominator needs actual cumulative activity or source-supported life. Unknown denominator requires review. Operation and consumable loss are measured separately; do not reset manufacture to 100% every project.
waste_gate	waste; ground	Retain waste at actual export gate and distinguish reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal. No automatic avoided-material credit. If shared outputs require allocation, justify the actual relation and disclose sensitivity; no assumed scrap price/yield.

Manufacture inputs for shared equipment and reusable components retain the manufacturing dataset’s actual native reference property: mass, count or area as applicable. For formwork distinguish deployed panel area from the reusable panel stock and its dimensionless manufacture share f. If manufacture is natively per m2, the attributed area exchange is measured same-configuration panel stock area A multiplied by f, not each pour’s full deployed area. If upstream manufacture is per kg or item, link that same stock area to independently measured mass M (kg/m2 = M/A) or panel count N (item/m2 = N/A), recording panel ID, dimensions, thickness, state and source inventory; multiply the corresponding stock quantity by the same f once. Keep installation/use records separate from the manufacture exchange and never add both native-area and converted manufacture burdens. cp_assets stores the stock quantity, conversion evidence, upstream reference and fraction; unsupported conversions require review, with no default density or panel mass. cp_assets retains the actual beneficiary entity count and cumulative cross-project fractions; equipment mass never changes the bridge reference flow. Unknown lifetime, cumulative activity or beneficiary relation requires review, not a zero burden.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_ground	ground	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Site, geology, bank/loose survey, deliveries, soil destinations and drainage records	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_foundation	foundation	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Pile/shaft dimensions, logs, concrete tickets, reinforcement, pump/vibration/curing use, excavation and acceptance	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_temporary	temporary	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Asset ids, panel geometry, installation/removal, actual repeated use, lifetime burden ledger, unrecovered loss	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_structure	structure	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	As-built spans, member marks, masses/volumes/counts, supplier included scope, crane/launch records, joints, welds, stressing and alignment	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_deck	deck	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Deck lengths/widths/area convention, layer tickets, support/joint drawings, drainage, restraint and acceptance scope	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_utilities	utilities	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Stage/equipment id, metered electricity, voltage/country, diesel stock/density/LHV/carbon fraction, end-use water, emissions species and medium	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_waste	waste	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Material/state, wet/dry weight, destination, treatment, washwater volume, solids and water balance	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_transport	transport	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Cargo mass, origin/destination, distance/mode/load/empty returns, included dataset gate and actual allocation	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_handover	handover	Each actual atomic exchange and declared entity	foreground_records	Entity/site id, signed acceptance, as-built alignment/span/width/deck area, supported modes, structural performance, included and excluded fixed works, dates	Calibrated meters, weigh tickets, surveyed geometry, supplier records, equipment logs and signed inspection; reconcile each work package and retain uncertainties	row-specific kg, m3, m2, MJ, item, t*km	Each delivery, activity, meter interval and final handover	Full actual construction period including subcontractors and unmetered intervals	Declared site/entity and attributable off-site work	per declared reference flow	Original records, calibration, geometry/ticket reconciliation, gate/identity evidence and signed acceptance
cp_assets	temporary; utilities	Shared manufacture/activity allocation	foreground_records	Asset id; manufacture burden; project/period allocations; actual hours/cycles; evidenced lifetime or cumulative denominator; numerator and prior cumulative fraction; native manufacturing reference property/unit; panel stock area A; same-stock measured mass M or panel count N; configuration/state and conversion evidence	Reconcile one persistent asset ledger against all project records; missing denominator is review	fraction; hours; cycles; m2; kg; item	Each use and allocation update	All covered projects and asset service periods	Shared asset and all uses	per declared reference flow	Balanced fractions, provenance, no double-counted operation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize	all inventory rows	Aggregate each attributable atomic exchange for the same complete entity: q_ref = q_total / N with N = 1 accepted entity. Keep raw property/unit; no normalization by arbitrary mass, area, cost or lifetime.	cp_ground; cp_foundation; cp_temporary; cp_structure; cp_deck; cp_utilities; cp_waste; cp_transport; cp_handover	per declared reference flow
electricity	lv_power; mv_power	E_MJ = E_kWh * 3.6	cp_utilities	MJ per declared reference flow
liquid_mass	diesel	m_kg = V_L * rho_kg_per_L at documented temperature and fuel state; preserve diesel Mass. LHV may characterize use but does not rewrite flow property.	cp_utilities	kg per declared reference flow
freight	road_freight	Sum cargo mass in t times actual route distance in km for each attributed leg; reconcile allocation/empty-return model and upstream included transport.	cp_transport	t*km per declared reference flow
emission_quantification	elementary outputs	Use each measured species release or verified project-specific engine/dust model. Fossil CO2: measured fossil carbon * documented oxidized fraction * 44/12; retain fuel chemistry and uncertainty. NOx totals do not define molecular NO/NO2; PM fractions are disjoint. No universal factors supplied.	cp_utilities	kg per declared reference flow
asset_fraction	temporary; utilities	Attributable manufacture burden = asset manufacture burden * documented use fraction; reconcile cumulative fractions across all projects ≤ 1, no resetting or unsupported life.	cp_assets	attributed burden per declared reference flow

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
actual_configuration	reference_bridge	Complete actual entity, surveyed geometry, span list and fixed-work interfaces must match signed acceptance and all inventory. No invented dimensions, grades, loads, quantities or life.	cp_handover
quantity_reconciliation	all rows	Reconcile deliveries, stocks, installed quantities, returned products and waste with state/moisture; quantify meter gaps and uncertainty. No default loss or concrete/steel ratio.	all collection protocols
identity_environment	all rows	Require compatible public identity, actual reference property/unit group, material/state/source and medium/submedium. Blank UUID requires exact unresolved row and prevents fully identity-resolved inventory. Unmeasured activity is disclosed, not zero.	direct identity and project evidence
representativeness	dataset	Record actual time/site/technology, all subcontracted work, supplier gates, estimation sources and later-stage exclusions. Historic guidance supports stated qualitative uses only; assess independent review.	project evidence and cited scope

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_entity	reference_bridge	Require one accepted whole entity with all reference qualifiers, actual surveyed geometry, span/approach interfaces and declared traffic use; partial span/material-kit data cannot claim this reference product.	un-cpc-bridges-2025
validate_basis	all rows	All numerator properties/units, output 1 item, protocols and calculations must use the same declared reference flow; reject unsupported conversions or nonconserved reusable-asset shares.
validate_completeness	dataset	Check actual foundation/substructure, superstructure, temporary erection support, deck/fixed works, transport, utilities, waste and handover against as-built work packages. Every actual exchange must be atomic and collected; absence requires evidence, unknown scope requires review.	fhwa-fp24-bridges
validate_environment	utilities; waste	Check species/fossil origin, immediate versus long-term, medium/submedium and actual route. Contained waste is not environmental discharge; diesel combustion and embedded upstream combustion cannot both be charged. NO, NO2, N2O and PM size fractions remain distinct.	epa-concrete-washout-2012; epa-construction-dust-2010

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Construction-to-handover inventory of the declared complete bridge/elevated highway; compatible upstream linking; comparisons only with matched actual function, geometry, performance and scope
excluded_use	Full lifetime or traffic operation; default maintenance/demolition; automatic upstream completeness; kg/km/m2 proxy bridge; design/legal/methodology approval
required_metadata	Reference qualifiers, construction dates, routes, work-package coverage, material supplier gates, geometry and fixed scope, property/unit evidence, allocations and environmental coverage
required_quality_disclosure	Identity/evidence gaps, uncertainty, unmetered stages, missing background/upstream, excluded later stages and review limitations
update_trigger	Changed entity function/geometry, structural or foundation route, delivered scope, supplier gate, actual inventory or evidence/identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-bridges-2025	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, printed p.279 / PDF p.279, 53221 and adjacent entries. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Category boundary only; not a recipe or justification for every process.
fhwa-fp24-bridges	standard	FHWA, FP-24 (2024), sections 551–557, 562, 564–565: printed pp.448, 461, 489, 503, 507, 527, 545, 561, 565 (PDF pp.465, 478, 506, 520, 524, 544, 562, 578, 582). https://highways.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/FP-24.pdf	Bridge work-package anatomy and records; US federal contract context, applies as a specification only when designated. No transferred mix, design load, dimensional default, service life or compliance claim.
epa-concrete-washout-2012	official_guidance	US EPA, Stormwater Best Management Practice Concrete Washout, EPA-833-F-11-006, February 2012, PDF pp.1–2. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/concretewashout_0.pdf	Historical containment/reuse and waste-versus-discharge distinction only; no universal water ratio, factor or local discharge approval.
epa-construction-dust-2010	official_guidance	US EPA AP-42 13.2.3 Heavy Construction Operations, January 1995 corrected February 2010, printed pp.13.2.3-1–2 / PDF pp.1–2. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2020-10/documents/13.2.3_heavy_construction_operations.pdf	Historical qualitative activity, soil/moisture and dust relationship only; no generic area/month emission factor adopted.