Yautia

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers field production, lifting, limited farm-gate conditioning, and grading of fresh edible cormels from cultivated Xanthosoma, including products traded as yautia, tannia, malanga, macabo, new cocoyam, or tiquisque. It ends with fresh, unprocessed produce in a declared accepted grade at the farm gate.

It excludes Colocasia esculenta taro/dasheen, ornamental Xanthosoma, leaves sold as a separate vegetable, and cooked, peeled, frozen, chipped, milled, starch, stored, packaged, or transported products beyond the farm gate. “Cocoyam” alone is ambiguous; the dataset shall identify Xanthosoma and shall not silently substitute Colocasia data.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.yautia
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 01591 Yautia; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	Fresh edible Xanthosoma cormels/tubercles, including yautia, tannia and malanga trade names
excluded_products	Colocasia taro/dasheen; edible leaves as reference product; ornamental, processed, preserved, packaged, or post-farm products
representative_product	Sound fresh Xanthosoma sagittifolium cormels accepted for the declared market grade
production_route	Vegetative planting material → managed cultivation → lifting → limited primary conditioning → grading and dispatch
market_state	Fresh, unprocessed produce at farm gate; cultivar/species, grade, wet basis, washing/trimming state and gate declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Fresh edible yautia cormels accepted for the declared grade at farm gate
How much	1,000 kg fresh mass
How well	Sound, firm, physiologically mature cormels meeting the declared grade and free of excluded rot
How long or cycle	One declared crop cycle ending at farm-gate grading
reference_flow_link	accepted_fresh_yautia

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Yautia 72013e1f-538d-4031-b97a-03bfaa42b37d
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Xanthosoma species/cultivar; geography; crop year; production system; harvested part; grade; wet basis; washing/trimming state; gate; included conditioning

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	accepted fresh yautia	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh accepted cormels on the fresh wet basis after included trimming and cleaning.
field_area_cycle	cultivation inputs and emissions	Area; crop cycle	ha; cycle	Record actual area and dates; normalize only after linked mass balances close.
nutrient_content	fertilizers	Product mass and nutrient content	kg product; kg N; kg P2O5 or P; kg K2O or K	Retain product mass and assay separately and state oxide-to-element conversions.
water_energy	irrigation and utilities	Volume or energy	m3; kWh; L; MJ	Record each utility separately and disclose source, pumping boundary and upstream coverage.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Land prepared for the crop cycle; planting material and external supplies enter as product flows
starting_condition_role	Foreground begins before establishment and ends when accepted fresh yautia leaves farm-gate grading
product_classification_scope	Fresh edible Xanthosoma cormels corresponding to CPC 3.0 01591, distinct from Colocasia taro
recursive_input_rule	Internally retained corms/cormels used for planting are internal transfers; purchased planting material requires an upstream dataset and is not reference output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require upstream datasets for purchased planting material, fertilizers, amendments, pesticides, fuels, electricity, irrigation supply and external services
disclosure	Declare geography, cycle, species/cultivar, field and irrigation system, planting-material origin, included operations, wet basis, grades, destinations, allocation and gate

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_managed_crop	cultivation	Include establishment, soil/crop management, inputs, irrigation where used, field energy and direct field emissions until harvest-ready biomass is handed to lifting.	fao-qds-2010; sri-lanka-doa-kiri-ala
boundary_harvest	lifting	Model lifting separately because it creates raw collected material, soil carryover, damage and uncollected loss before conditioning.	sri-lanka-doa-kiri-ala; fao-aroids-postharvest
boundary_conditioning	conditioning	Include trimming, dry cleaning and washing only when performed; keep utilities, wastewater, removed soil and trimmings explicit. Curing, storage and packaging are extensions.	codex-tannia-224-2001
boundary_grading	grading	Sort prepared material into accepted product, downgraded edible product, propagation material and rejects, and record one hand-off for every state.	codex-tannia-224-2001

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
field_cultivation	Managed yautia cultivation	required	Always	foreground	one hectare and crop cycle
lifting_harvest	Lifting and harvest	required	Always	foreground	kg raw lifted crop
farm_gate_conditioning	Limited primary conditioning	required	Utilities may be zero for manual dry conditioning	foreground	kg raw material received
farm_gate_grading	Grading and destination sorting	required	Always	foreground	kg prepared material graded

Process: Managed yautia cultivation (field_cultivation)

The managed object is a vegetatively propagated Xanthosoma crop. The intended hand-off is harvest-ready underground biomass; tops, non-harvested biomass and losses remain separate residues or losses.

Inputs

Product flows

Vegetative planting material (planting_material_count)

Record central-corm pieces, cormels or nursery plants established, including origin and health status.

• Selected flow: Yautia planting material

• Flow property / unit: Number of items / plant or piece

• Amount rule: Count planting units established

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

• Sources: fao-qds-2010; sri-lanka-doa-kiri-ala

• Range: Sri Lankan planting-density example

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 9000
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: planting units/ha/cycle
  • Basis: established units per occupied hectare for the documented Sri Lankan route
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: sri-lanka-doa-kiri-ala

Fertilizer, urea input (field_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (field_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (field_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Cattle manure, as applied input (field_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Agricultural limestone input (field_cultivation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

Irrigation water (irrigation_water)

Record withdrawal and delivery, source, pumping lift and method; report zero when rainfed.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: Metered delivery or pump-flow calculation

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy

• Range: Provisional irrigation screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: m3/ha/cycle
  • Basis: delivered water per occupied hectare; zero is valid for rainfed production
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Diesel fuel (field_fuel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: crop_cycle
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvest-ready yautia crop (harvest_ready_crop)

Record gross harvestable corm/cormel mass before lifting loss.

• Selected flow: Harvest-ready yautia corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Field estimate reconciled to lifted mass and documented loss

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per ha and crop cycle.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

• Sources: fao-ecocrop-xanthosoma

• Range: Published yield context

  • Range role: Typical range (typical_range)
  • Lower: 6000
  • Upper: 37000
  • Unit: kg fresh corms and cormels/ha/cycle
  • Basis: broad context spanning reported average and optimum yields; foreground mass governs
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: fao-ecocrop-xanthosoma

Waste flows

Field residues and uncollected loss (field_residues_losses)

Record tops, roots, damaged biomass and uncollected crop by destination.

• Selected flow: Yautia field residues and losses

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Measured or sampled mass by fate

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg gross harvestable corm/cormel mass.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_residue_destinations

• Range: Provisional residue-and-loss screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg fresh residue/kg gross harvestable output
  • Basis: all crop residues and uncollected loss per kg gross harvestable corm/cormel mass
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct nitrous oxide from managed soil (direct_soil_n2o)

Calculate direct N2O from all applicable N sources using the declared method.

• Selected flow: Dinitrogen monoxide, air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: Apply the selected factor to recorded N inputs and convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg N input, then per 1,000 kg accepted yautia.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: N input (n_input)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_inputs

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

• Range: Corrected IPCC Tier 1 EF1 uncertainty screen

  • Range role: Uncertainty range (uncertainty_range)
  • Lower: 0.002
  • Upper: 0.018
  • Unit: kg N2O-N/kg N input
  • Basis: managed-soil direct-emission factor per kg applicable N input before 44/28 conversion
  • Basis kind: N input (n_input)
  • Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
  • Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Process: Lifting and harvest (lifting_harvest)

This node removes the crop from the field and creates collected raw corms/cormels, incidental soil, damage and loss before conditioning.

Inputs

Product flows

Harvest-ready crop entering lifting (crop_entering_lifting)

This card links the same harvest-ready lot from cultivation to the lifting boundary.

• Selected flow: Harvest-ready yautia corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Equal harvest_ready_crop for the represented field

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per harvest operation.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

• Range: Node transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg input/kg cultivation-node output
  • Basis: same represented lot crossing into lifting
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Diesel fuel (harvest_fuel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw lifted output.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

Harvest electricity (harvest_electricity)

Record electricity used by electric lifting, collection or field-handling equipment; a manual or fuel-only route records zero.

• Selected flow: Electricity for harvest equipment

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Metered electricity or equipment power multiplied by recorded operating time, allocated to raw lifted output

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw lifted output.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

• Range: Provisional harvest-electricity screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg raw lifted output
  • Basis: direct harvest-equipment electricity per 1,000 kg raw lifted output; zero applies when no electric harvest equipment is used
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Raw lifted yautia (raw_lifted_yautia)

The collected raw state includes adhering soil and precedes any trimming or cleaning.

• Selected flow: Raw lifted yautia corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Weighed collected mass before conditioning

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg crop entering lifting.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

• Range: Provisional lifting recovery

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.7
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg raw output/kg harvest-ready crop input
  • Basis: collected raw crop per kg estimated harvest-ready crop
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Lifting loss and damaged material (lifting_loss)

Record crop left in the field or damaged beyond the collected raw state and state its fate.

• Selected flow: Yautia lifting loss and damaged material

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Difference between crop entering lifting and collected raw mass after soil adjustment

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg crop entering lifting.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_mass

• Range: Provisional lifting-loss screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.3
  • Unit: kg loss/kg harvest-ready crop input
  • Basis: uncollected and damaged crop per kg crop entering lifting
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Limited primary conditioning (farm_gate_conditioning)

This node receives raw lifted material and hands off trimmed and cleaned cormels. Washing and powered cleaning are conditional; curing, refrigeration, packaging and processing are outside the default gate.

Inputs

Product flows

Raw material entering conditioning (raw_material_conditioning_input)

This card links the same raw lifted lot into the primary-conditioning boundary.

• Selected flow: Raw lifted yautia corms and cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Equal raw_lifted_yautia for the represented lot

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per conditioning lot.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Node transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg input/kg raw lifted output
  • Basis: same represented lot crossing into conditioning
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Conditioning water (conditioning_water)

Record supplied water only when wet cleaning occurs; dry conditioning records zero.

• Selected flow: Process water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: Metered water supplied; dry-cleaned lots report zero

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw material received.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Provisional optional-washing water screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg raw material received
  • Basis: supplied water per 1,000 kg raw input; zero when washing is absent
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conditioning electricity (conditioning_electricity)

Record electricity for pumps, washers or conveyors only when the equipment is used.

• Selected flow: Electricity

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Metered or equipment-rated electricity allocated to the lot

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw material received.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Provisional conditioning-electricity screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg raw material received
  • Basis: direct electricity per 1,000 kg raw input; zero for manual dry conditioning
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared yautia entering grading (prepared_yautia)

The prepared state is trimmed and cleaned material immediately before grade sorting.

• Selected flow: Prepared fresh yautia cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Weighed prepared mass after included trimming/cleaning

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg raw material received.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Provisional conditioning yield

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.75
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg prepared material/kg raw material received
  • Basis: prepared cormels per kg raw input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Conditioning rejects and removed material (conditioning_rejects)

Keep removed soil distinct from crop trimmings where records permit and state each destination.

• Selected flow: Removed soil, trimmings and conditioning rejects

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Weighed outputs or mass-balance difference, distinguishing soil and crop material

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg raw material received.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Provisional conditioning-reject screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.25
  • Unit: kg removed material/kg raw material received
  • Basis: all removed soil, trimmings and rejects per kg raw input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conditioning wastewater (conditioning_wastewater)

Record discharge only for wet cleaning and reconcile it with supplied and reused water.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from yautia washing

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: Measured discharge or water balance; zero without washing

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw material received.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Range: Provisional wastewater screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg raw material received
  • Basis: discharge per 1,000 kg raw input; zero without washing
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Grading and destination sorting (farm_gate_grading)

The incoming state is prepared cormels. Declare accepted grade, downgraded edible output, propagation material and rejects, with one destination for every state.

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared material entering grading (prepared_material_grading_input)

This card links the same prepared lot into destination grading.

• Selected flow: Prepared fresh yautia cormels

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Equal prepared_yautia for the represented lot

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per grading lot.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade_destinations

• Range: Node transfer identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg input/kg prepared output
  • Basis: same represented lot crossing into grading
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted fresh yautia (accepted_fresh_yautia)

This is the sound accepted grade and the sole reference-product hand-off at the farm gate.

• Selected flow: Yautia 72013e1f-538d-4031-b97a-03bfaa42b37d

• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weighed accepted mass; normalize final dataset to exactly 1,000 kg

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg prepared material and final 1,000 kg reference product.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade_destinations

• Sources: codex-tannia-224-2001

• Range: Provisional accepted-grade recovery

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.6
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg accepted product/kg prepared material graded
  • Basis: accepted fresh mass per kg prepared input; actual grade records govern
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Downgraded edible yautia (downgraded_edible_yautia)

Record a product output only when a documented edible use and hand-off exist.

• Selected flow: Downgraded fresh yautia

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Weighed downgraded mass by buyer or use

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg prepared material graded.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade_destinations

• Range: Provisional downgraded-output screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.35
  • Unit: kg downgraded edible output/kg prepared material graded
  • Basis: downgraded output with documented use per kg prepared input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Retained or sold planting material (planting_material_output)

Record corms or cormels intentionally retained or sold for propagation as a distinct intended output.

• Selected flow: Yautia planting material

• Flow property / unit: Mass and number / kg and item

• Amount rule: Weighed and counted propagation material by retention or sale destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg prepared material graded.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade_destinations

• Sources: fao-qds-2010

• Range: Provisional propagation-output screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.25
  • Unit: kg planting material/kg prepared material graded
  • Basis: intentionally retained or sold propagation material per kg prepared input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Grading rejects and residues (grading_rejects)

Record rejected material by feed, composting, field return, treatment or disposal destination.

• Selected flow: Yautia grading rejects and residues

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg fresh mass

• Amount rule: Weighed reject mass or mass-balance residual, with destination stated

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg prepared material graded.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_grade_destinations

• Sources: codex-tannia-224-2001

• Range: Provisional grading-reject screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.2
  • Unit: kg rejects/kg prepared material graded
  • Basis: rejects after product outputs per kg prepared input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_output_classification	all outputs	Classify each output once as reference product, downgraded product, propagation material, residue, waste, or loss; record one hand-off and prohibit double counting.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_planting_material	propagation output	Treat internally retained material as an internal transfer. For independently sold intended products, prefer subdivision; otherwise allocate remaining shared burdens by fresh mass and disclose an economic sensitivity when values differ materially.
allocation_residue	residues and rejects	Give no co-product allocation to material returned to soil or discarded without a documented product function; include its treatment burden.
allocation_shared_operations	shared operations	Assign separable inputs directly before allocating remaining shared burdens; disclose output quantities, prices where used, method and precedence.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field_inputs	field_cultivation	planting and crop inputs	invoices, labels, field logs, assays	identity; quantity; nutrient assay; date; area; planting count; origin	reconcile purchase, stock and application logs; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by product and nutrient	kg product; kg nutrient; item; ha	every event	complete crop cycle	each field	per declared reference flow	invoice, label, assay, operator log
cp_water_energy	field_cultivation	water and energy	meters, pump logs, invoices, machine hours	source; volume; lift; energy; fuel; operation	meter or engineering calculation; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum direct use; documented shared allocation	m3; kWh; L; MJ	each event/interval	complete cycle	each field/shared asset	per declared reference flow	calibration, invoice, runtime log
cp_harvest_mass	lifting_harvest	crop, raw output, loss and energy	weigh tickets, samples, harvest logs	area; crop estimate; raw mass; damage; loss; soil; energy	calibrated weighing and documented sampling; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile crop to raw output and loss	kg; L; kWh	each field/lot	entire harvest	each field/lot	per declared reference flow	scale check, sampling record, operator log
cp_residue_destinations	field_cultivation	residues and loss	sampling, load weights, destination logs	material; mass; moisture; fate; recipient	representative sampling or weighed loads; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by material and fate	kg fresh/dry mass	each event	complete cycle	each field	per declared reference flow	sample, scale and destination evidence
cp_conditioning_records	farm_gate_conditioning	material, utilities and rejects	lot weights, meters, batch and discharge logs	raw mass; operation; water; electricity; prepared mass; rejects; wastewater	weigh before/after and meter utilities; Raw aggregation and attribution: close mass and water balances	kg; m3; kWh	each lot	all conditioning	each conditioning line or station	per declared reference flow	calibrated scale/meter and destination log
cp_grade_destinations	farm_gate_grading	all grade states	grade sheets, scale tickets, invoices	input; specification; output masses; count; use; price	weigh each state and link to same lot; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by state/destination	kg; item; currency/kg	each lot	all grading	each grading line or station	per declared reference flow	scale, grade and destination evidence
cp_phase1_environment_coverage	field_cultivation	managed environmental coverage by actual node	site/activity/method ledger	site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage	Collect original records by the actual responsible production node and matched lot/period; retain provenance, method applicability and uncertainty. Reconcile with existing protocols and provider coverage, do not add duplicate events. Explicitly document inapplicability; absent evidence is a gap.	native activity units; kg N or substance; area/time as applicable	event and annual/lot reconciliation	matched production/cohort period	all actual managed-production nodes	apply applicable coverage calculations then final normalization once	original records, method worksheets and applicability evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all rows	cycle or lot amount × 1,000 / accepted fresh yautia mass, after balances close	amount; accepted mass	amount per 1,000 kg reference product	mass-balance-identity
calc_nutrients	fertilizer	nutrient mass = product mass × assay; state P/P2O5 and K/K2O conversion	product mass; assay	kg nutrient
calc_direct_n2o	soil N	selected factor × applicable N; multiply N2O-N by 44/28 to report N2O	kg N; factor	kg N2O	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_conditioning_balance	conditioning	raw input = prepared output + removed soil/trimmings/rejects + unexplained difference	lot masses	closed balance	mass-balance-identity
calc_grade_balance	grading	prepared input = accepted + downgraded + propagation material + rejects	state masses	closed output balance	mass-balance-identity
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_field_inputs; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Environmental Coverage Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_managed_land_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For each actual owned managed-production site, collect the occupied area and dated occupation intervals, including attributable establishment/immature and production periods. Occupation is area multiplied by actual duration, converted explicitly to the selected area-time unit (1 ha = 10,000 m2; time in years); hectares per crop-cycle alone are not an area-time result without duration. Partition or take the union of overlapping establishment/management intervals so the same area-time is counted once, with shares across actual co-users summing to one. Record evidenced land transformation separately by actual from/to land class, event area and date under the declared land-use method; transformation has area units and is not added to occupation. Planting, continued occupation or missing prior-land data do not establish a transformation or zero transformation. Preserve actual historical-event attribution and carbon-stock/emission method coverage where applicable; no invented land conversion or generic carbon credit. Instantiate separate compatible elementary identities with verified UUIDs or explicit unresolved identities; attribute once and normalize to the matched final reference. Purchased completed biological inputs inherit compatible upstream land coverage once instead of duplicating it locally. Missing applicable land identity, area, duration or prior-state evidence remains a completeness gap; documented no transformation is a valid absence.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Verify Xanthosoma identity and prohibit silent Colocasia substitution.	planting-material, crop inspection or agronomist record
dq_temporal	foreground	Cover one complete cycle and all contributing lots.	dated field and lot records
dq_mass_balance	harvest through grading	Reconcile each hand-off and explain differences exceeding 2% of the relevant input.	calibrated weights and worksheet
dq_range_review	every inventory card	Use ranges as QA context, retain foreground values, and explain outliers.	range review and linked evidence
dq_co_products	multiple outputs	Enumerate every intended output/destination and prevent double counting.	transfers, invoices and destination receipts
dq_completeness	inventory	Account for at least 95% by mass of external non-water materials and disclose missing water, energy, pesticide, nutrient, emission, reject or destination records.	completeness and missing-data logs

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Exactly one 1,000 kg output uses Yautia flow 72013e1f-538d-4031-b97a-03bfaa42b37d, Mass property 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 and all qualifiers.
validate_species_boundary	identity	Reject an ambiguous “cocoyam” identity or Colocasia substitution without reviewed proxy disclosure.	fao-aroids-postharvest; codex-tannia-224-2001
validate_node_handoffs	process map	Require exact cultivation→lifting, lifting→conditioning and conditioning→grading lot links.	mass-balance-identity
validate_destinations	grading	Require explicit zero or measured accepted, downgraded, propagation and reject states, each with one hand-off.	codex-tannia-224-2001
validate_conditional_routes	conditioning	Unused washing/powered routes have zero flows; used routes report utilities and wastes. Storage/packaging requires a boundary extension.
validate_ranges	all cards	Require ordered nonnegative bounds, unit, denominator, basis kind and evidence kind; external ranges require source ids and regional examples are not limits.
validate_multi_output	intended outputs	Require a complete output set and explicit attribution; prohibit crediting internally transferred planting material as a sale.
validate_flow_identity_bindings	product inputs with parameterized identity	Verify each actual exchange against its concrete flow UUID, physical state, property and unit; preserve explicit unresolved identities when confirmation is unavailable.
validate_direct_emissions	field emissions	Require selected soil-emission method, N inputs, factors, conversions and flow assignments; never infer emissions from fertilizer product mass alone.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground farm-gate dataset for fresh unprocessed yautia
downstream_use	Reviewed secondary_dataset or background_dataset for systems requiring fresh Xanthosoma at farm gate
allowed_use	Geography-, cycle-, cultivar-, grade-, irrigation- and conditioning-matched attributional modelling
excluded_use	Colocasia taro, edible-leaf production, processed/preserved yautia, or post-farm transport/storage/packaging unless added
required_metadata	geography; crop year/cycle; species/cultivar; system; irrigation; planting origin; area; yield; grade; wet basis; lifting; conditioning; washing; gate; destinations; allocation
required_quality_disclosure	record coverage; range evidence status; mass-balance closure; missing data/proxies; assays; emissions method; utility allocation; co-product records; boundary extensions
update_trigger	material change in identity, geography, management, yield, irrigation, harvest, conditioning, grade, destinations, allocation, emissions method or reference UUID

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-qds-2010	official_guidance	FAO, Quality Declared Planting Material: Protocols and Standards for Vegetatively Propagated Crops, 2010, https://www.fao.org/4/i1195e/i1195e00.pdf	Xanthosoma identity, synonyms and propagation material
sri-lanka-doa-kiri-ala	extension_guidance	Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, “Kiri Ala – Xanthosoma sagittifolium,” https://doa.gov.lk/hordi-crop-kiri-ala/	route, planting density, fertilizer schedule, harvest and regional yield
fao-ecocrop-xanthosoma	dataset	FAO Ecocrop, “Xanthosoma sagittifolium,” crop id 2168, https://ecocrop.apps.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2168	identity, growing period and broad yield context
codex-tannia-224-2001	standard	Codex Alimentarius, CODEX STAN 224-2001, https://www.fao.org/4/a1389e/a1389e00.pdf	fresh tannia identity, quality, harvest care and grading
fao-aroids-postharvest	handbook	FAO INPhO, Edible Aroids: Post-harvest Operations, https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Edible_aroids.pdf	Xanthosoma versus Colocasia and post-harvest route
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC, 2019 Refinement, Volume 4 Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	managed-soil N2O method and EF1 uncertainty
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass for linked foreground nodes	transfer, conditioning and grading balances