Rice, seed

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs foreground data packages for rice seed produced for sowing. It covers multiplication of declared parent seed, field production, harvest, drying, cleaning and grading, lot testing and release, optional seed treatment, packaging, and storage up to the producer or processor dispatch gate. The concrete data package shall identify the production geography, crop year, variety or hybrid, seed generation or class, certification or quality-assurance scheme, treatment state, packaging state, and release criteria.

Rice grain produced for food, feed, milling, brewing, or other non-sowing uses is outside scope. Milled rice, rice bran, rice husk sold as a separate product, seedlings and transplants, and genebank accessions maintained primarily for conservation are outside scope. Downstream commercial rice cultivation after the seed leaves the dispatch gate is outside the foreground boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.rice-seed
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:01131 (Rice, seed)
covered_products	Seed of Oryza species intended for sowing, including hybrid and non-hybrid lots and declared breeder, foundation, registered, certified, or equivalent seed classes when produced for sale or transfer as planting seed
excluded_products	Paddy or rice grain not released for sowing; milled rice and milling products; seedlings and transplants; conservation-only genebank accessions
representative_product	Quality-assured rice seed, dried, cleaned, graded, lot-tested, and released for sowing
production_route	Parent-seed receipt and identity control; seed-crop establishment and field management; harvest; drying; cleaning and grading; optional treatment; lot testing, packaging, and storage to dispatch
market_state	Saleable or transferable seed lot at producer or seed-processor dispatch gate, bulk or packaged as declared, untreated or treated as declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Rice seed released for sowing at the producer or seed-processor dispatch gate
How much	1,000 kg net seed product
How well	Lot satisfies the declared jurisdiction, certification or quality-assurance scheme, sampling method, analytical purity, varietal identity or purity, germination, moisture, seed-health, and treatment requirements applicable to that lot
How long or cycle	One declared seed multiplication, conditioning, release, and included storage campaign
reference_flow_link	rf_rice_seed_at_dispatch

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg
Reference product flow	Rice Seeds 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	production geography; crop year and season; Oryza species and variety or hybrid; seed generation or class; certification or quality-assurance scheme; lot identifier; sampling and test method; analytical purity; varietal identity or purity; germination; moisture content and basis; seed-health status where required; treatment active ingredient and loading or untreated declaration; packaging state; dispatch gate and included storage duration

When constructing a foreground data package, every item in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and mass-normalized inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report the net mass of released rice seed; exclude packaging mass. Normalize inventory quantities to 1,000 kg of released seed.
moisture_declaration	Harvested, conditioned, and released seed mass	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record mass as received at the measured moisture content and report moisture on the declared test basis. Do not silently convert to dry matter. If dry-matter comparison is used, retain the original mass and moisture and state the conversion formula.
mass_unit_conversion	Mass records supplied in g or t	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use the confirmed mass unit group: 1 t = 1,000 kg and 1 g = 0.001 kg. Preserve source units in raw records.
seed_count_conversion	Seed counts converted to mass	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert counts only with a lot- or variety-specific thousand-seed mass measured for the represented lot; retain sample result, moisture, and calculation.
nutrient_and_active_ingredient_basis	Fertilizers and crop-protection or seed-treatment products	Declared product mass and constituent mass	kg	Record formulated product mass and, separately, calculated nutrient or active-ingredient mass. Never substitute kg product for kg N, P, K, or active ingredient.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_required_stages	foreground_system_boundary	Include parent-seed receipt and identity control, seed-crop establishment and field management, direct field emissions, harvest and field handling, reception, drying, cleaning and grading, lot sampling and testing, optional treatment when applied, packaging, and storage up to the declared dispatch gate.	fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018; fao-seeds-toolkit-quality-2018
boundary_upstream_inputs	upstream_technosphere	Include upstream production and delivery of parent seed, fertilizers, soil amendments, crop-protection products, fuels, electricity, irrigation supply, drying energy, treatment products, and packaging through geographically and technologically appropriate datasets.	eu-pef-2021
boundary_direct_field_emissions	rice_field_emissions	Quantify rice-field CH4 for flooded or otherwise methane-relevant production and direct and indirect N2O from managed-soil nitrogen inputs using measured emissions or a declared, current, geographically appropriate method. Record all activity data and factors and avoid duplicate elementary-flow reporting.	ipcc-2019-cropland; ipcc-2019-managed-soils
boundary_land_and_carbon_change	land_use_and_soil_carbon	Include land-use change, peat or organic-soil drainage, and soil-carbon change when applicable to the represented site and study goal; otherwise disclose the screening basis and exclusion.	ipcc-2019-cropland
boundary_excluded_downstream	excluded_downstream	Exclude transport after the dispatch gate, downstream sowing and commercial rice cultivation, use of the harvested commercial crop, and end-of-life of downstream products. Capital goods and breeding research are excluded unless the study goal, applicable program rules, or a materiality assessment requires them.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Parent rice seed entering the multiplication cycle, with supplier, variety or parental line, seed generation or class, treatment state, lot identity, mass, moisture, and quality status declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream technosphere input and seed genealogy anchor
product_classification_scope	Rice seed intended for sowing under CPC 3.0:01131, independent of local certification terminology
recursive_input_rule	Record same-category parent seed as a distinct upstream input with its actual generation or class. Do not make the current data package its own provider and do not recursively apply the same reference output as an unbounded self-loop.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link a separately represented parent-seed dataset with compatible geography, generation, treatment, and quality scope; if unavailable, disclose the data gap, proxy, and cut-off effect rather than assigning zero burden.
disclosure	Declare parent-seed generation or class, supplier and geography, seed rate, treatment, any proxy dataset, excluded generations, and whether hybrid parental lines or non-hybrid seed were used.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
seed_crop_production	Rice seed-crop production and harvest	required	Always	Foreground multiplication, field management, harvest, and direct agricultural emissions	Measured harvested seed-crop mass and cultivated area linked to the released lot
seed_conditioning	Seed reception, drying, cleaning, and grading	required	Always	Foreground conditioning and separation of saleable seed from downgraded material and waste	Measured conditioned-seed mass leaving cleaning and grading
lot_release_packaging_storage	Lot release, optional treatment, packaging, and storage	required	Always; untreated, bulk, and zero-storage routes retain explicit zero or not-applicable records	Foreground testing, release, final preparation, and dispatch	1,000 kg net released rice seed at dispatch gate

Process: Rice seed-crop production and harvest (seed_crop_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Parent rice seed for multiplication (parent_rice_seed)

Parent seed crosses the foreground boundary as the controlled biological input for the declared generation or class.

• Selected flow: Rice Seeds 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured parent-seed mass assigned to the represented field and released lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources: oecd-seed-schemes-2026
• Range: Provisional parent-seed screening estimate, replace with lot records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Fertilizers and soil amendments (fertilizer_products)

Record each formulated fertilizer and amendment separately and retain product composition so nutrient inputs and managed-soil emissions can be calculated without conflating product and nutrient mass.

• Selected flow: Geography- and formulation-specific fertilizer or soil-amendment product flows selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product; constituent mass / kg N, P, K, or other declared constituent
• Amount rule: measured purchases or application records reconciled to field and lot, with nutrient content calculated by calc_nutrient_mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils
• Range: Broad provisional formulated-product screening estimate, replace with regional evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg formulated product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Crop-protection products (crop_protection_products)

Record each herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, molluscicide, biological control, or other crop-protection product applied to the represented seed crop.

• Selected flow: Product-specific crop-protection flows selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg formulated product and kg active ingredient
• Amount rule: measured application records with active-ingredient mass calculated from formulation concentration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional formulated-product screening estimate, replace with regional evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg formulated product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Irrigation water supplied (irrigation_water)

Record delivered irrigation water once. Distinguish abstracted water, delivery losses, and purchased water to prevent double counting between elementary and product flows.

• Selected flow: Geography- and source-specific irrigation-water supply flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered delivery, pumping records, or field water balance for the represented crop and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional irrigation screening estimate, replace with water-regime evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Field fuels (field_fuels)

Record fuel by type for land preparation, transplanting or direct seeding, crop care, pumping, harvest, and field handling when fuel crosses the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Fuel-specific product flows selected for the declared geography and supply route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or energy / MJ, with original purchased unit retained
• Amount rule: measured fuel issue, invoice, or equipment log reconciled to the represented field and lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional fuel screening estimate, replace with regional equipment evidence
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 200
  • Unit: kg fuel
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Field electricity (field_electricity)

Record electricity used for pumping and other field operations with a geography- and time-representative supply mix.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply flow selected for the declared geography and voltage level
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: measured meter, invoice, or equipment power-and-runtime calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_inputs
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional field-electricity screening estimate, replace with pumping records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested rice seed crop entering conditioning (harvested_seed_crop)

Record harvested seed-bearing paddy assigned to the represented lot before final drying, cleaning, and grading, with moisture and impurities declared.

• Selected flow: Harvested rice seed crop, lot-specific intermediate flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reception or harvest mass linked to the released lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_outputs
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional mass-balance screening estimate, replace with lot yield records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg harvested seed crop
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Rice straw and other field co-products (field_coproducts)

Record each harvested or marketed field co-product separately; material left on or returned to the field is an internally managed residue, not a product output unless it crosses the process boundary.

• Selected flow: Co-product-specific flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated dry or as-received mass with moisture basis declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_outputs
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional co-product screening estimate, replace with field records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kg co-product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Methane emitted from rice cultivation (field_ch4)

Calculate CH4 for methane-relevant rice production from cultivated area, cultivation period, water regime during and before cultivation, organic amendments, and the selected emission factor method.

• Selected flow: Methane to the applicable air compartment selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
• Amount rule: calc_rice_field_ch4; use measured site emissions when representative, otherwise a declared IPCC Tier 1 or higher method
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_field_emission_activity
• Sources: ipcc-2019-cropland

Nitrous oxide emitted from managed soils (field_n2o)

Calculate direct and applicable indirect N2O from synthetic and organic N, crop residues, mineralization, volatilization, and leaching or runoff without double counting background fertilizer production.

• Selected flow: Dinitrogen monoxide to the applicable air compartment selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
• Amount rule: calc_managed_soil_n2o; use measured site emissions when representative, otherwise a declared IPCC Tier 1 or higher method and convert N2O-N to N2O where required
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_field_emission_activity
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Process: Seed reception, drying, cleaning, and grading (seed_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested rice seed crop received (received_seed_crop)

Receive and identify the harvested lot before drying and separation; preserve its link to field, crop year, variety, and generation.

• Selected flow: Harvested rice seed crop, lot-specific intermediate flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reception mass with moisture and impurity fraction
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018

Conditioning electricity (conditioning_electricity)

Record electricity for conveying, fans, drying, cleaning, grading, dust control, and supporting equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply flow selected for facility geography and voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: submetered or allocated facility electricity for the represented lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional conditioning-electricity screening estimate, replace with facility records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Drying fuel or heat (drying_energy)

Record each fuel or purchased-heat input used to reduce seed moisture; preserve fuel type and combustion location.

• Selected flow: Fuel- or heat-specific product flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ or fuel mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fuel or heat use assigned to the represented lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional drying-energy screening estimate, replace with dryer records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2000
  • Unit: MJ
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned rice seed candidate lot (conditioned_seed)

Record clean, graded seed awaiting or passing lot release, with moisture, purity, germination, and varietal status linked to the lot.

• Selected flow: Rice Seeds 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conditioned-seed mass linked to lot-release records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-quality-2018; irri-rice-seed-quality

Downgraded seed or grain co-product (downgraded_seed_product)

Record rejected material as a product only when it is sold or transferred for a documented beneficial use and meets that receiving market's specification.

• Selected flow: Destination-specific downgraded grain or other co-product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass by disposition category
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional downgraded-product screening estimate, replace with lot mass balance
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Cleaning rejects requiring treatment (conditioning_waste)

Record inert matter, diseased or damaged seed, dust collected as waste, and other rejects as waste when no beneficial product destination is documented.

• Selected flow: Destination- and treatment-specific waste flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass by waste treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional conditioning-waste screening estimate, replace with lot mass balance
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Lot release, optional treatment, packaging, and storage (lot_release_packaging_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned rice seed entering release (conditioned_seed_input)

Record the conditioned lot entering sampling, testing, treatment if applicable, packaging, and included storage.

• Selected flow: Rice Seeds 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured transfer mass from conditioning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources: ista-rules-seed-testing-2026; oecd-seed-schemes-2026

Seed-treatment product (seed_treatment_product)

Include only when the released lot is treated; record formulated product, active ingredient, loading, application loss, and treated mass.

• Selected flow: Product-specific seed-treatment flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg formulated product and kg active ingredient
• Amount rule: measured batch issue and residual reconciliation; zero with untreated declaration when not applied
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional treatment-product screening estimate, replace with product label and batch records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg formulated product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record each bag, liner, label, pallet, wrap, or bulk-container share included up to dispatch; use zero with an explicit bulk declaration when no packaging crosses the boundary.

• Selected flow: Material- and geography-specific packaging product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging issue per released lot, including losses
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources: fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
• Range: Broad provisional packaging screening estimate, replace with bill-of-material records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg packaging
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Release and storage electricity (release_storage_electricity)

Record electricity for testing-area support, treatment, packaging, ventilation, humidity control, and storage included before dispatch.

• Selected flow: Electricity supply flow selected for facility geography and voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered or allocated electricity over the declared included storage duration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional release-and-storage electricity screening estimate, replace with facility records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kWh
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed and declared storage duration
  • Basis kind: Storage duration (storage_duration)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Released rice seed at dispatch gate (released_rice_seed)

This is the reference output. It is the net seed mass that passed the declared lot-release rules and is ready for sowing at the dispatch gate.

• Selected flow: Rice Seeds 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured released net seed mass normalized by calc_reference_normalization
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources: fao-qds-2006; ista-rules-seed-testing-2026; oecd-seed-schemes-2026

Waste flows

Treatment and packaging waste (release_packaging_waste)

Record unused treatment product, contaminated packaging, damaged bags, sweepings, and test residues by actual treatment route.

• Selected flow: Destination- and treatment-specific waste flow selected during data-package implementation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass and disposition records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release_packaging_storage
• Sources:
• Range: Broad provisional release-waste screening estimate, replace with facility records
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg released rice seed
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	all_multifunctional_processes	Avoid allocation first by collecting lot- and operation-specific data and subdividing field, drying, cleaning, treatment, packaging, and storage operations. Use system expansion only when the added function and substituted product are explicitly justified.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_physical_causality	field_and_conditioning_coproducts	If subdivision or justified system expansion is not possible, allocate only by a documented physical causal relationship that reflects how the input or operation generates released seed and each co-product. Do not select mass merely because mass data are available.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_economic_fallback	field_and_conditioning_coproducts	When no defensible physical causal relationship exists, use economic allocation based on documented, representative prices at the split point. Record price basis, currency, period, geography, moisture and quality state, and sensitivity to price variation.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_waste_and_downgraded_material	rejects_and_residues	Classify a reject as co-product only when a documented beneficial destination and market specification exist. Otherwise treat it as waste and include treatment burdens; do not assign an avoided-product credit without an explicitly justified substitution model.	eu-pef-2021; fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_crop_inputs	seed_crop_production	Parent seed, fertilizers, amendments, crop protection, irrigation, fuels, electricity	Field register, supplier document, invoice, meter, and equipment log	field_id; lot_id; area; dates; parent_seed_mass; parent_seed_class; product_name; formulation; nutrient_or_active_fraction; applied_mass; irrigation_volume; fuel_type_and_amount; electricity; allocation_key	Reconcile source documents and field logs to the represented field and released lot; preserve original units and missing-data flags	Native record units plus kg, m3, MJ, and kWh after controlled conversion	Each application or operation; aggregate per field and crop cycle	Entire represented multiplication crop cycle	All fields contributing to the released lot	Sum attributable records; allocate shared operations only by the approved Section 7 rule; normalize after released mass is known	Supplier labels or certificates, calibrated meter evidence, invoice or issue record, operator log, and reconciliation sign-off
cp_crop_outputs	seed_crop_production	Harvested seed crop, straw, and field co-products	Harvest ticket, scale record, moisture test, field map, and disposition record	field_id; lot_id; harvested_mass; moisture; impurity_fraction; straw_mass; residue_management; co_product_mass; destination	Link calibrated scale and moisture results to each contributing field and lot	kg, percent moisture, ha	Each harvest load and final field reconciliation	Harvest period for the represented crop cycle	All contributing fields	Sum loads by lot; retain moisture basis; reconcile products, residues, and losses	Scale calibration, signed ticket, moisture method, field-lot genealogy, and disposition evidence
cp_field_emission_activity	seed_crop_production	CH4 and N2O activity data	Field register, water-management log, amendment and nutrient record, soil or emission measurement	area; cultivation_days; ecosystem; water_regime_during; pre_season_water_regime; organic_amendment_type_rate_and_timing; soil_type; cultivar; synthetic_N; organic_N; residue_N; mineralized_N; volatilization_and_leaching_context; method_and_factor_ids	Collect activity data at the most disaggregated represented field or regime; use measured emissions only when sampling is representative	ha, day, kg amendment, kg N, and method-specific units	Each management event and crop cycle	Full cultivation period plus method-required pre-season period	Each field and water regime contributing to the lot	Calculate separately by field or regime, then sum and normalize to released mass	Complete activity-data sheet, method version, factor source and tier, units, conversion check, and reviewer sign-off
cp_conditioning_records	seed_conditioning	Reception, drying, cleaning, grading, energy, conditioned product, co-products, and waste	Lot ledger, scale, moisture test, meter, fuel issue, machine log, and disposition record	lot_id; input_mass_and_moisture; drying_method; electricity; fuel_or_heat; output_mass_and_moisture; clean_seed_mass; downgrade_mass; waste_mass; destinations; runtime	Reconcile each lot through reception, drying, cleaning, and grading; use submetering where available	kg, percent moisture, kWh, MJ, hour	Each lot and operation	Entire conditioning campaign represented by the dataset	All conditioning sites handling the lot	Mass and energy balance by lot; allocate shared utilities only by the approved Section 7 rule	Scale and meter calibration, moisture test, machine log, lot genealogy, and signed disposition record
cp_release_packaging_storage	lot_release_packaging_storage	Sampling, quality tests, treatment, packaging, storage, released mass, and waste	Sampling record, laboratory certificate, treatment batch, packaging issue, inventory ledger, meter, and dispatch note	lot_id; sampling_method; laboratory; test_dates; purity; varietal_identity_or_purity; germination; moisture; seed_health; treatment_product_and_active; treatment_loading; package_material_and_mass; storage_dates_conditions_and_energy; released_mass; waste	Use the declared national, certification, or ISTA-compatible lot sampling and testing procedure; reconcile batch and dispatch records	kg, percent, kWh, day, and test-specific units	Each lot; storage energy at meter or billing interval	From conditioned-lot receipt through dispatch	Every release, packaging, and storage site for the represented lot	Include only passing released mass in the reference output; normalize all attributed records to 1,000 kg	Authorized sampler or laboratory evidence, test certificate, treatment and packaging reconciliation, storage log, and dispatch record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	normalized_amount = attributable_amount / released_net_seed_mass * 1000 kg	attributable_amount; released_net_seed_mass	Inventory amount per 1,000 kg released rice seed
calc_nutrient_mass	Fertilizer and amendment records	constituent_mass = formulated_product_mass * declared_constituent_mass_fraction; keep nutrient convention such as N, P, P2O5, K, or K2O explicit and convert only with a stated stoichiometric factor	product_mass; formulation_or_certificate; constituent_fraction; nutrient_convention	kg of each declared constituent and kg formulated product	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_moisture_conversion	Optional dry-matter comparison	dry_mass = as_received_mass * (1 - moisture_fraction_wet_basis); retain as-received mass and do not replace the reference flow	as_received_mass; moisture_fraction; moisture_basis	Diagnostic dry mass plus retained original values	irri-rice-seed-quality
calc_rice_field_ch4	Methane-relevant rice fields	For each homogeneous field or regime, CH4 = adjusted_daily_emission_factor * cultivation_period * annual_harvested_area; determine the adjusted factor from the declared baseline and applicable water-regime, pre-season, organic-amendment, and higher-tier soil or cultivar scaling factors, then sum fields and normalize to released seed	area; cultivation_days; water_regimes; organic_amendments; soil; cultivar; selected_factor_set	kg CH4 per 1,000 kg released rice seed	ipcc-2019-cropland
calc_managed_soil_n2o	Managed-soil nitrogen inputs	Apply the selected IPCC equations to direct and applicable indirect N2O-N from synthetic and organic N, residues, mineralization, volatilization, and leaching or runoff; convert N2O-N to N2O using 44/28 and normalize to released seed	N inputs by source; residue and mineralization N; volatilization and leaching fractions; selected emission factors	kg N2O per 1,000 kg released rice seed	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_allocation	Shared multifunctional operations	Apply Section 7 hierarchy; record pre-allocation totals, chosen relationship, factor numerator and denominator, allocated totals, and a reconciliation to one	shared inputs_and_outputs; co_product_quantities_or_values; approved_basis	Allocation factors and allocated inventory by product	eu-pef-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_genealogy	Parent seed, fields, conditioning, and released lot	Maintain an unbroken link among parent-seed lot, variety or parental lines, field, harvest loads, conditioning lot, quality-test sample, package or bulk lot, and dispatch.	Lot genealogy, labels, field inspection, and reconciliation records
dq_measurement	Mass, moisture, water, energy, and test results	Use calibrated or verified instruments appropriate to the declared method; retain original readings, units, calibration status, and corrections.	Calibration certificate, check standard, laboratory accreditation or authorization, and raw result
dq_seed_quality	Released product	Report the actual applicable release thresholds and results. FAO QDS, OECD, or ISTA material may support the declared route but shall not override stricter or product-specific national rules; hybrid and non-hybrid requirements shall not be conflated.	Applicable rule or scheme, sampling record, test certificate, and release decision
dq_temporal_representativeness	Foreground inventory	Cover the full crop cycle and all conditioning and storage included before dispatch. Combine seasons or years only with documented production weighting and variability.	Coverage matrix by field, lot, operation, month, and crop year
dq_completeness	Important inputs, outputs, emissions, and wastes	Reconcile mass and energy records and disclose every estimated, missing, cut-off, proxy, and zero value. A zero shall mean verified absence, not missing data.	Mass and energy balance, missing-data register, cut-off assessment, and reviewer sign-off
dq_geographic_technology_match	Background links and factors	Select background datasets and emission factors consistent with production geography, electricity supply, irrigation and water regime, fuel, fertilizer route, conditioning technology, and waste treatment.	Dataset selection record and method-factor record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_identity	reference_flow	Require product flow UUID 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, unit kg, and exactly 1,000 kg net released seed after normalization. UUIDs shall not include dataset versions.
validation_required_qualifiers	reference_flow_and_metadata	Fail when any required qualifier is absent or when hybrid or non-hybrid route, seed class, treatment, packaging, moisture basis, or dispatch gate is ambiguous.	fao-qds-2006; oecd-seed-schemes-2026
validation_process_coverage	process_inventory	Require all three process-map entries and a field-to-lot-to-dispatch genealogy. Conditional activities shall be represented by measured values, explicit zero or not-applicable status, or a documented exclusion.	fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018; fao-seeds-toolkit-quality-2018
validation_mass_balance	crop_conditioning_and_release	Require lot-level mass reconciliation across harvested input, conditioned seed, released seed, co-products, waste, samples, moisture change, and documented losses. Investigate unexplained imbalance rather than forcing closure.	fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018
validation_seed_quality	lot_release	Require representative lot sampling and documented purity, varietal identity or purity, germination, moisture, and other applicable tests under the declared scheme. Verify that thresholds correspond to the exact seed type and jurisdiction.	ista-rules-seed-testing-2026; oecd-seed-schemes-2026; fao-qds-2006
validation_field_emissions	rice_field_emissions	For methane-relevant production require area, cultivation period, during-season and pre-season water regime, organic amendment data, factor set and tier. For managed-soil N2O require N sources and direct and applicable indirect pathways. Fail double counting or undocumented factor substitution.	ipcc-2019-cropland; ipcc-2019-managed-soils
validation_allocation	multifunctional_processes	Require the Section 7 hierarchy, pre-allocation totals, allocation factors summing to one for the allocated share, split-point values, and sensitivity when economic allocation is used.	eu-pef-2021
validation_reasoned_estimates	provisional_ranges	Treat every reasoned_estimate range as a replaceable screening aid, not as foreground evidence or an allowed conformance interval. Require disclosure and replace it before publication-critical use unless explicitly accepted in review.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground rice-seed production data package eligible, after review and verification, for publication as a secondary_dataset and background_dataset
downstream_use	Construction of process datasets for released rice seed and lifecyclemodel projections that consume seed as a planting input
allowed_use	Geography-, crop-year-, route-, seed-class-, quality-, treatment-, packaging-, and storage-matched modelling; transparent regional aggregation with production weighting
excluded_use	Food or feed rice production as the reference product; undisclosed substitution across hybrid and non-hybrid routes or certification regimes; generic use that hides material water regime, parent-seed, quality, treatment, geography, or crop-year differences
required_metadata	PCR id; data owner; geography and sites; crop year and season; Oryza species and variety or hybrid; parent and released seed generation or class; lot genealogy; certification or quality scheme; sampling and test methods and results; treatment; packaging; dispatch gate; included storage; allocation; background datasets; emission methods and factors; reasoned estimates; cut-offs and proxies
required_quality_disclosure	Temporal, geographic, and technological coverage; field and lot completeness; instrument and laboratory evidence; mass and energy balances; uncertainty and variability; missing data; proxies; allocation sensitivity; status of every reasoned estimate
update_trigger	Material change in variety or hybrid route, parent-seed generation, production geography, water regime, field inputs, yield, conditioning or treatment technology, packaging, storage, quality or certification rules, background datasets, emission-factor method, allocation, or evidence that invalidates a screening range

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-qds-2006	Official guidance (official_guidance)	FAO. Quality Declared Seed System, Plant Production and Protection Paper 185. https://www.fao.org/4/a0503e/a0503e00.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Seed-producer responsibility, lot sampling and testing, and route-specific germination, analytical-purity, varietal-purity, moisture, health, and hybrid-rice requirements
fao-seeds-toolkit-processing-2018	Official guidance (official_guidance)	FAO and AfricaSeeds. Seeds Toolkit Module 2: Seed processing: principles, equipment and practice. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/2019283b-6271-4b2e-82c0-19ac6256c591/content (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Process decomposition: reception, drying, cleaning and grading, treatment, weighing, packaging, and storage; lot traceability and mass reconciliation
fao-seeds-toolkit-quality-2018	Official guidance (official_guidance)	FAO and AfricaSeeds. Seeds Toolkit Module 3: Seed quality assurance. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b601435e-9c03-4ca5-8927-9f712418ec38/content (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Purity, germination, moisture, viability, vigour, seed health, variety verification, certification, and quality-control records
ista-rules-seed-testing-2026	Standard (standard)	International Seed Testing Association. International Rules for Seed Testing 2026, Chapter 2 Sampling and official Rules portal. https://www.seedtest.org/api/rm/776HVE3532HC95N/free-chapter-2-sampling.pdf and https://www.seedtest.org/en/publications/international-rules-seed-testing.html (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Representative seed-lot sampling and declaration of applicable purity, germination, moisture, and other test methods
oecd-seed-schemes-2026	Standard (standard)	OECD. OECD Seed Schemes Rules and Regulations 2026. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-sub-issues/seeds/rules-and-regulation-eng.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Seed generation and certification identity, previous cropping, isolation, field inspection, varietal identity and purity, lot control, and traceability
irri-rice-seed-quality	Extension guidance (extension_guidance)	International Rice Research Institute, Rice Knowledge Bank. Seed Quality and How to produce good seed. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/images/docs/seed-quality-management.pdf and http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/pre-planting/seed-quality/producing-good-seed (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Rice-specific harvest, threshing, cleaning, drying, storage, moisture, germination, purity, and lot-quality context
ipcc-2019-cropland	Method factor (method_factor)	IPCC. 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 5: Cropland. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch05_Cropland.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Rice-cultivation CH4 equation, cultivated area, cultivation period, water-regime and organic-amendment scaling, and land or soil-carbon screening
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	Method factor (method_factor)	IPCC. 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 11: N2O Emissions from Managed Soils, and CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Direct and indirect managed-soil N2O activity data, equations, factors, and N2O-N to N2O reporting
eu-pef-2021	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission. Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint Method, corrected text. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279R(01) (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Multifunctionality hierarchy: subdivision or system expansion, physical causal relationship, then another relationship such as economic allocation; electricity subdivision and documentation