Rice paddy, other (not husked)

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the cultivation and farm-gate handover of paddy rice that remains in the husk and is classified as CPC 3.0 code 01132, “Rice paddy, other (not husked).” It covers irrigated and rainfed production, and direct-seeded and transplanted establishment, provided that the production route, water regime, geography, crop season, and farm-gate condition are declared.

The foreground boundary begins immediately before the first land-preparation or seed-bed activity for the crop cycle and ends when unprocessed paddy is handed over at the farm gate. It includes land and seed-bed preparation, crop establishment, nutrient and crop-protection management, water management, field operations, harvest, threshing, and any on-farm cleaning, drying, or storage performed before handover. Upstream production of purchased inputs is represented by linked datasets. Direct field emissions are included. Milling, husking, parboiling, off-farm processing, packaging, and transport after farm-gate handover are excluded.

The PCR is dataset-production first. It defines the foreground records needed to construct a paddy cultivation data package and its downstream process or lifecyclemodel projection. It does not prescribe globally representative default inventory quantities where no reliable globally applicable evidence exists.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.rice-paddy-other-not-husked
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 01132, exact
covered_products	Unprocessed paddy rice, other than seed rice, delivered with the husk intact at the farm gate
excluded_products	Rice seed; husked or brown rice; semi-milled or wholly milled rice; broken rice; parboiled rice; packaged rice; and rice after off-farm processing
representative_product	Rice paddy, other (not husked)
production_route	Irrigated or rainfed; direct-seeded or transplanted; route must be declared
market_state	As-received, unprocessed, not husked paddy at farm-gate handover; moisture and impurity basis must be declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Unprocessed rice paddy covered by CPC 3.0 01132, with the husk intact
How much	1,000 kg as-received wet mass at farm-gate handover
How well	Cultivar or species, production geography, crop season, establishment method, water regime, farm-gate condition, moisture content, impurity basis, drying or storage status, residue fate, and allocation method are declared
How long or cycle	One complete crop cycle from the declared starting condition through farm-gate handover
reference_flow_link	Exact TianGong product flow UUID bdbb913b-620c-42a0-baf6-c5802a2b6c4b

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg as-received wet mass
Reference product flow	Rice paddy, other (not husked), UUID bdbb913b-620c-42a0-baf6-c5802a2b6c4b
Reference flow property	Mass, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass, UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Cultivar or species; production geography; crop season or year; establishment method; water regime during cultivation and pre-season; organic-amendment type and rate; farm-gate condition; moisture content on a wet basis and measurement method; impurity or foreign-matter basis; whether drying or storage is included; residue fate; allocation method

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package. A “storage-ready” claim additionally requires measured moisture at or below 14% on a wet basis and disclosure of drying timing and storage status; 14% is not a universal moisture default for all farm-gate paddy.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
measurement_reference_mass	Reference paddy output	Mass	kg	Report as-received wet mass. Record moisture content on a wet basis and the measurement method; do not silently convert the reference amount to dry matter.
measurement_moisture_state	Paddy and biomass co-products	Mass and moisture fraction	kg and % wet basis or % dry basis, explicitly identified	Record sampling time, method, and basis. Use dry-matter conversion only as a separate calculated field.
measurement_area_cycle	Land, yield, and field emissions	Area and crop-cycle duration	ha and day or crop cycle	Record cultivated and harvested area, sowing or transplanting date, harvest date, and the area associated with the reference output.
measurement_nitrogen_basis	Fertilizers, organic amendments, and residues	Mass and nitrogen content	kg product and kg N	Record product amount and nitrogen content separately. State whether a value is product mass, nutrient mass, fresh matter, or dry matter.
measurement_energy_fuel	Fuel and electricity	Mass, volume, or energy as appropriate	kg, L, kWh, or MJ	Preserve the measured purchase or meter unit and document any density, net-calorific-value, or conversion factor used.
measurement_water	Irrigation water	Volume or mass	m3 or kg	Measure delivered field water where possible; if converted, use 1,000 kg/m3 only where water density at the stated conditions supports that approximation and disclose it.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_foreground_operations	Paddy cultivation foreground	Include land or seed-bed preparation, establishment, nutrient and crop-protection management, irrigation and drainage management, other field operations, harvest, threshing, and on-farm cleaning, drying, or storage before handover when performed.	fao-rice-production-guidelines
boundary_upstream_inputs	Purchased inputs	Link upstream datasets for seed, fertilizers and soil amendments, crop-protection products, irrigation-water supply, fuels, electricity, and other material inputs.	epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03
boundary_direct_field_emissions	Managed paddy field	Include rice methane and managed-soil direct and indirect N2O; include CO2 from urea and liming where relevant.	ipcc-2019-cropland-rice; ipcc-2019-managed-soils
boundary_postharvest_condition	On-farm post-harvest operations	Include cleaning, drying, and storage only when they occur before the declared farm-gate handover; identify their energy, losses, duration, and final moisture.	fao-rice-postharvest-operations
boundary_exclusions	Downstream activities	Exclude husking, milling, parboiling, off-farm processing, consumer packaging, and transport after farm-gate handover.	epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03
boundary_same_category_input	Re-entering paddy or seed	Treat externally supplied seed as an upstream product input. Do not count internally retained seed or recirculating paddy both as output and purchased input; document the accounting treatment.	fao-rice-production-guidelines

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Managed field available immediately before the first land-preparation or seed-bed activity attributable to the crop cycle
starting_condition_role	Foreground crop-cycle start; prior land-use change is separately assessed and linked when applicable
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 01132 only
recursive_input_rule	Purchased inputs cross the foreground boundary once and require upstream datasets; internal recirculation is recorded without double counting
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use geography-, technology-, and time-representative upstream datasets and disclose substitutions or proxies
disclosure	Declare all included on-farm post-harvest operations, excluded activities, cut-offs, and any boundary deviations

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Paddy cultivation and farm-gate handover	required	Always	Foreground production	1,000 kg reference paddy

Process: Paddy cultivation and farm-gate handover (paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff)

This unit process covers the full crop cycle and all on-farm operations performed before the declared farm-gate handover. No TianGong process is selected as a default because the closest process candidate does not use the exact paddy product flow as its quantitative reference.

Inputs

Product flows

Seed rice (seed_rice_input)

Record seed placed into the crop, distinguishing purchased and internally retained seed and avoiding double counting.

• Selected flow: Rice Seeds, UUID 14c42414-b19b-47c4-863f-1b86b50ff6bf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Foreground mass applied during the crop cycle, normalized to the reference output
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: fao-rice-production-guidelines

Irrigation water (irrigation_water_input)

Record water delivered to the field, not rainfall. Preserve measurement points and conversion assumptions.

• Selected flow: Natural water used for irrigation, UUID 4ad684b1-8e85-4dee-8d9c-55d1fa2d4432
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Metered or calculated delivered field water for the crop cycle; convert volume only with a disclosed density assumption
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_management
• Sources: irri-alternate-wetting-drying; ipcc-2019-cropland-rice

Fertilizers and soil amendments (fertilizer_amendment_inputs)

Record each commercial mineral fertilizer, organic amendment, lime, and urea separately. Resolve the exact TianGong product flow matching the actual product; no generic UUID is prescribed.

• Selected flow: Dataset-specific fertilizer or amendment product flow; resolve at construction time
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product and kg nutrient where applicable
• Amount rule: Foreground applied mass by product, nutrient content, application date, and method
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils; fao-rice-production-guidelines

Crop-protection products (crop_protection_inputs)

Record each herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, or other crop-protection product separately and state whether the quantity is formulated product or active ingredient.

• Selected flow: Dataset-specific product flow; resolve at construction time
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg formulated product or kg active ingredient, explicitly identified
• Amount rule: Foreground applied mass by product, active substance, date, and application method
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: fao-rice-production-guidelines

Diesel fuel (diesel_fuel_input)

Record diesel consumed by tractors, pumps, harvesters, dryers, and other included on-farm operations.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil, UUID 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Foreground fuel use allocated to the crop cycle; disclose density conversion from volume where used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_operations
• Sources: fao-rice-production-guidelines

Electricity (electricity_input)

Record metered electricity used for pumping, drying, storage, and other included operations. Resolve a geography-, voltage-, and market-appropriate TianGong electricity flow; the investigated candidate is not a valid default because its property and applicability do not match this PCR's requirements.

• Selected flow: Dataset-specific electricity flow; resolve at construction time
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh or MJ, consistent with the selected flow
• Amount rule: Metered consumption assigned to the crop cycle and included operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_operations
• Sources: fao-rice-production-guidelines; fao-rice-postharvest-operations

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed. Record imported organic materials as product inputs or waste inputs according to their legal and dataset status, with composition and nitrogen content disclosed.

Elementary flows

Land occupation or transformation (land_use_input)

Record cultivated area and applicable land occupation or transformation using the location-specific elementary flow available in TianGong. No universal land-use UUID is prescribed.

• Selected flow: Location- and land-class-specific elementary flow; resolve at construction time
• Flow property / unit: Area or area-time / ha, m2, or m2·a as required by the selected flow
• Amount rule: Foreground area attributable to the crop cycle, with prior land-use state and transformation timing documented where relevant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_identity_yield
• Sources: ipcc-2019-cropland-rice

Outputs

Product flows

Reference paddy (reference_paddy_output)

This is the quantitative reference output. Record as-received wet mass and measured moisture at handover.

• Selected flow: Rice paddy, other (not husked), UUID bdbb913b-620c-42a0-baf6-c5802a2b6c4b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Normalize the as-received output to 1,000 kg after recording the unnormalized crop-cycle output
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_crop_identity_yield
• Sources: epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03; fao-rice-postharvest-operations

Exported feed-grade straw (exported_straw_output)

Include only straw that leaves the foreground system as a feed-grade product. If the destination or grade differs, resolve the actual product or waste flow instead.

• Selected flow: Straw, UUID b1dd1313-1bc0-4baf-8cfb-50e8ea2a307c, conditional on feed-grade export
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg dry matter, with moisture recorded
• Amount rule: Measured exported mass converted to dry matter using measured moisture
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_management
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Waste flows

Rejected paddy and exported residues (exported_waste_output)

Record rejected or damaged paddy and residues leaving the system as waste under their actual destination and waste status; no universal UUID is prescribed.

• Selected flow: Dataset-specific waste flow; resolve at construction time
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, with moisture or dry-matter basis declared
• Amount rule: Measured mass leaving the foreground boundary as waste
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_management
• Sources: fao-rice-postharvest-operations; ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Elementary flows

Biogenic methane to air (rice_methane_output)

Calculate methane from rice cultivation using the applicable IPCC tier and locally appropriate water-regime, pre-season, organic-amendment, soil, and cultivar factors.

• Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air, unspecified, UUID fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: calc_rice_methane_ipcc
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_management
• Sources: ipcc-2019-cropland-rice

Nitrous oxide to air (soil_n2o_output)

Calculate direct and indirect N2O from managed soils using the applicable IPCC tier and the collected nitrogen and residue records.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide, to air, unspecified, UUID 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: calc_soil_n2o_ipcc
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (lime_urea_co2_output)

Calculate CO2 released from lime and urea applications where those materials are used. Fuel combustion emissions belong to the applicable fuel-use modelling path and must not be double counted.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air, unspecified, UUID 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, unit group UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: calc_lime_urea_co2_ipcc
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1,000 kg reference paddy
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_inputs
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoidance	Multi-output operations	First avoid allocation by process subdivision or system expansion where technically justified and consistently modelled.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_residue_status	Straw and other residues	Straw retained, incorporated, or burned in-field is not a co-product output; record its fate and associated inputs or emissions. Straw leaving as a product or waste must be classified by actual destination.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
allocation_physical_relation	Unavoidable allocation	If allocation cannot be avoided, use a relevant underlying physical relationship between inputs, outputs, and functions and document it.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_other_relation	No defensible physical relation	Use another relationship, including economic allocation, only when a physical relationship is not possible; disclose prices, reference period, and a sensitivity result.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_disclosure	All allocated datasets	Report unallocated totals, allocation factors, allocated totals, method rationale, and mass-balance reconciliation. This PCR prescribes no universal straw allocation factor.	eu-pef-2021-2279

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_crop_identity_yield	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Crop identity, area, dates, output, land	Field and harvest record	cultivar/species; field ID; geography; area; establishment method; sowing/transplanting and harvest dates; harvested wet mass; moisture; impurities; losses	Field log, calibrated scale, moisture meter, and geospatial or cadastral record	ha; day; kg; % wet basis	Each field and crop cycle	Complete crop cycle	Each included farm or field stratum	Sum mass and area only after preserving field strata; report weighted moisture method	Instrument IDs, calibration, field logs, weighbridge or scale tickets
cp_material_inputs	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Seed, fertilizer, amendments, crop protection	Purchase and application record	product; supplier; amount; nutrient or active content; application date; method; field; retained-seed status	Invoice plus application log and stock reconciliation	kg product; kg nutrient or active ingredient	Each application	Complete crop cycle	Each included farm or field stratum	Sum by exact product and field; do not combine product mass with nutrient or active mass	Invoices, labels, application logs, stock records
cp_water_management	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Irrigation and methane controls	Meter, pump, and field-water record	delivered water; source; pump energy; flooding/drainage dates; water depth; pre-season regime; organic amendments; cultivation period	Meter or calibrated pump record plus field observation; AWD tube where AWD is claimed	m3 or kg; day; cm	Each irrigation event and regime change	Pre-season and complete crop cycle	Each included field or water-management stratum	Sum delivered water; preserve regime-day strata for methane calculation	Meter calibration, pump curve, field log, AWD tube observations
cp_energy_operations	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Fuel, electricity, machinery, drying	Meter, purchase, and operating-hour record	fuel type and amount; electricity; equipment; hours; operation; drying load; allocation key	Meter, invoice, fuel log, and equipment-hour record	kg, L, kWh, MJ, h	Each operation or billing period	Complete crop cycle and included storage	Each farm and shared facility	Allocate shared use using documented physical driver; disclose conversion factors	Invoices, meter readings, equipment logs, calibration or density source
cp_residue_management	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Straw, residues, rejects	Mass and destination record	residue type; fresh mass; moisture; dry mass; retained/incorporated/burned/exported fate; buyer or waste destination	Scale or sampled yield ratio with measured moisture; destination document	kg fresh; % moisture; kg dry matter	Each harvest and removal	Complete crop cycle	Each included field or facility	Sum by fate and destination; estimated amounts remain separately flagged	Scale tickets, sampling record, sales or waste transfer record
cp_postharvest_condition	paddy_cultivation_and_farm_gate_handoff	Cleaning, drying, storage, handover	Batch and facility record	intake and output mass; moisture before/after; rejects; energy; drying start; storage duration; handover condition	Batch scales, moisture meter, dryer and storage log	kg; % wet basis; kWh or MJ; day	Each batch	Harvest through farm-gate handover	Each included on-farm facility	Reconcile batch mass, moisture, rejects, and reference output	Batch logs, meter readings, calibration, handover record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory flows	Normalized amount = crop-cycle amount × 1,000 / measured reference-paddy wet mass. Preserve the unnormalized record and factor.	Crop-cycle flow amount; reference-paddy wet mass	Amount per 1,000 kg paddy	epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03
calc_yield	Crop performance	Wet yield = measured harvested paddy wet mass / harvested area; report moisture alongside yield.	Paddy wet mass; harvested area; moisture	kg/ha at stated moisture	fao-rice-production-guidelines
calc_water_mass	Irrigation water	Water mass = measured volume × documented density; do not include rainfall as irrigation input.	Delivered volume; density	kg water	irri-alternate-wetting-drying
calc_rice_methane_ipcc	Rice methane	CH4 crop = sum over water-regime strata of adjusted daily emission factor × cultivation period × harvested area. Derive the adjusted factor from the applicable baseline factor and water-regime-during-cultivation, pre-season-water, organic-amendment, soil, and cultivar factors for the selected IPCC tier.	Area; cultivation days; water-regime strata; organic amendments; applicable factors	kg CH4 per crop and per 1,000 kg paddy	ipcc-2019-cropland-rice
calc_soil_n2o_ipcc	Managed-soil N2O	Calculate direct and indirect N2O-N from the applicable synthetic-N, organic-N, crop-residue, mineralisation, volatilisation, and leaching terms for the selected IPCC tier; convert N2O-N to N2O using the method's molecular-weight ratio and normalize once.	Nitrogen inputs; residues; area; climate and management factors	kg N2O per crop and per 1,000 kg paddy	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_lime_urea_co2_ipcc	Lime and urea CO2	Apply the selected IPCC carbon-emission factors to recorded lime and urea applications, convert carbon to CO2 as specified by the method, and normalize once.	Lime and urea amounts and types; factors	kg fossil CO2 per crop and per 1,000 kg paddy	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_moisture_dry_matter	Paddy and biomass	Dry mass = wet mass × (1 − moisture fraction on wet basis). Do not replace the wet-mass reference flow with dry mass.	Wet mass; wet-basis moisture fraction	kg dry matter	fao-rice-postharvest-operations
calc_allocation	Co-product systems	Apply the documented hierarchy and factor to unallocated totals; factors must sum to one for the allocated system and mass balance must reconcile.	Unallocated inventory; output quantities or other justified drivers; factors	Allocated inventory and reconciliation	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Product and production route	Exact CPC 01132 paddy identity, cultivar/species, establishment route, irrigation class, geography, and crop season are declared.	Dataset metadata and field records
dq_measurement	Mass, moisture, water, energy	Scales, moisture meters, water meters, and energy meters are calibrated or their uncertainty is documented.	Calibration certificates, instrument logs, uncertainty statement
dq_temporal	Foreground inventory	Data cover a complete crop cycle and any included on-farm storage; multi-year averaging preserves year-level records and weather context.	Dated records and aggregation workbook
dq_completeness	Inputs, outputs, and emissions	Material, water, energy, residue, loss, and direct-emission records reconcile to the declared boundary; exclusions and missing observations are explicit.	Completeness checklist and mass balance
dq_geography_technology	Foreground and linked datasets	Geography, irrigation and establishment technology, electricity, and upstream inputs match the represented system or are disclosed as proxies.	Representativeness assessment and dataset links
dq_ghg_method	CH4, N2O, and CO2	State IPCC tier, equation version, factors, water-regime strata, nitrogen terms, and all overrides; do not substitute unlabelled generic emission values.	Calculation workbook and source references
dq_residue_allocation	Straw and other outputs	Residue fate, product or waste status, moisture, destination, allocation hierarchy, and sensitivity are documented.	Destination records and allocation worksheet
dq_postharvest	Cleaning, drying, storage	Included operations, losses, energy, timing, duration, and moisture before and after are batch-reconciled.	Batch and facility records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	Dataset identity	Fail if the product is seed rice, husked, milled, broken, parboiled, or otherwise outside CPC 01132, or if the reference flow UUID is not bdbb913b-620c-42a0-baf6-c5802a2b6c4b.	epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03
validate_reference_mass	Quantitative reference	Fail if the reference output is not 1,000 kg as-received wet mass using the specified Mass property and Units of mass group, or if moisture basis is absent.	fao-rice-postharvest-operations
validate_qualifiers	Required metadata	Fail if any required reference-flow qualifier is missing; report whether the absence blocks comparability or calculation.	fao-rice-production-guidelines; ipcc-2019-cropland-rice
validate_boundary	Included and excluded activities	Fail if a required foreground operation or applicable direct field emission is omitted without justification, or if downstream milling or off-farm processing is included without an explicit boundary deviation.	fao-rice-production-guidelines; ipcc-2019-managed-soils
validate_activity_data	Foreground records	Fail if seed, material, water, energy, output, or residue records rely on an unlabelled default; flag missing calibration, unit basis, time, field, or product identity.	fao-rice-production-guidelines; irri-alternate-wetting-drying
validate_emissions	CH4, N2O, and lime/urea CO2	Fail if applicable direct emissions are absent, double counted, or calculated without traceable activity data, tier, factors, equations, and normalization.	ipcc-2019-cropland-rice; ipcc-2019-managed-soils
validate_allocation	Co-products and residues	Fail if allocation is used before avoidance is considered, residue status is unclear, factors do not reconcile, or an economic method lacks price-period disclosure and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_storage_ready	Storage-ready claim	When storage-ready paddy is claimed, fail if measured moisture exceeds 14% wet basis or if drying timing and storage status are not recorded. Do not apply this rule to paddy explicitly declared as harvested or otherwise not storage-ready.	fao-rice-postharvest-operations
validate_traceability	Sources and calculations	Fail if source IDs, TianGong flow UUIDs, foreground records, conversion factors, or calculation workbooks cannot be traced to the submitted data package.	eu-pef-2021-2279

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground paddy-cultivation data package and reviewed farm-gate process projection
downstream_use	LCA process and lifecycle-model construction for food, feed, and other paddy-rice supply chains
allowed_use	CPC 01132 unprocessed, not-husked paddy represented at the declared farm gate and moisture basis
excluded_use	Seed rice; husked, milled, broken, parboiled, or packaged rice; generic rice datasets without verifiable product and boundary identity
required_metadata	All reference-flow qualifiers; process boundary; field and crop-cycle identity; source links; foreground collection protocols; IPCC tier and factors; residue fate; allocation; data-quality disclosures
required_quality_disclosure	Temporal, geographic, and technological representativeness; completeness; instrument calibration or uncertainty; proxies; missing records; calculation choices
update_trigger	Change in product classification, farm-gate condition, production route, water regime, geography, crop season, process boundary, emission method, residue fate, allocation, or material data source

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
epd-international-food-beverage-2025-03	standard	EPD International, PCR 2025:03 Food and beverage products, version 1.0.1, valid to 2030-07-14, https://www.environdec.com/pcr-library/pcr_fbd3e8c6-483c-48f5-d22f-08da0b49f7f5 (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Sector PCR context, declared-unit basis, upstream and downstream boundary framing
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279R(01) (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Allocation hierarchy, disclosure, and sensitivity
ipcc-2019-cropland-rice	method_factor	IPCC 2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 5 Cropland, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch05_Cropland.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Rice methane equation, water-regime and organic-amendment factors, crop-cycle stratification
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC 2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 11 N2O Emissions from Managed Soils, and CO2 Emissions from Lime and Urea Application, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Direct and indirect N2O, residue nitrogen, lime and urea CO2
fao-rice-production-guidelines	extension_guidance	FAO, Production guidelines for rice, https://openknowledge.fao.org/bitstreams/2ca3d2f4-30d0-4080-b7fe-21f84e984db8/download (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Cultivation process decomposition and foreground data collection
fao-rice-postharvest-operations	official_guidance	FAO, Rice Post-harvest Operations, https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_RICE.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Moisture measurement, conditional drying and storage-ready criterion, post-harvest records
irri-alternate-wetting-drying	extension_guidance	International Rice Research Institute, Alternate Wetting and Drying, https://ghgmitigation.irri.org/mitigation-technologies/alternate-wetting-and-drying (retrieved 2026-08-07)	Conditional AWD field protocol and water-regime observations