Cut flowers and flower buds

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to fresh cut flowers and flower buds supplied as individual stems or incorporated into bouquets, wreaths, floral baskets, and similar decorative articles. It covers open-field and protected cultivation, annual and perennial production, harvested flower preparation, conditioning, grading, cooling, bunching or article assembly, packaging, and dispatch. Distribution, storage, auction or trade, retail, consumer use, and end-of-life are included when the declared dataset boundary extends beyond the first dispatch point.

The PCR does not cover living potted plants, bulbs or other planting material sold for cultivation, flower seed, dried or artificially preserved flowers, artificial flowers, extracted fragrances, edible flowers sold as food, or dyeing and other transformation that materially changes the cut flower after normal post-harvest conditioning. A bouquet or other article remains in scope only when cut flowers or flower buds provide its principal function; non-floral accessories and containers are recorded as separate inputs.

Species, cultivar, grade, stem length, cultivation system, production geography, harvest season, post-harvest treatment, packaging configuration, cold-chain condition, expected decorative life, and article composition can materially change inventory results. These facts shall be declared for every conforming foreground data package.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.cut-flowers-and-flower-buds
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 01962, exact classification context
covered_products	Fresh cut flowers and flower buds; individual stems; bouquets; wreaths; floral baskets; similar decorative articles whose principal function is supplied by cut flowers or flower buds
excluded_products	Living potted plants; bulbs, cuttings, and planting stock; flower seed; dried or preserved flowers; artificial flowers; fragrances and extracts; edible flowers sold as food; separately modelled dyeing or other material transformation
representative_product	One consumer-ready fresh cut-flower stem supplied for decoration
production_route	Starting material and cultivation in open field or protected systems; harvest; post-harvest handling and conditioning; packaging and dispatch; downstream distribution and end-of-life when included in the declared boundary
market_state	Fresh, graded, conditioned, and saleable stem or declared multi-stem decorative article

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide decoration with a fresh cut-flower stem
How much	One stem, as purchased by the consumer
How well	Meets the declared producer or retailer specification for species or cultivar, grade, stem length, appearance, freshness, and packaging
How long or cycle	Expected decorative or vase life declared for the specific product and storage method
reference_flow_link	One consumer-ready stem; for a bouquet, wreath, basket, or similar article, inventory shall be decomposed to the declared number of flower stems and all non-floral components shall be recorded separately

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Cut flower or flower bud, consumer-ready; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Reference flow property	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345
Reference unit group	Units of items 5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159
Reference unit	Item(s)
Required qualifiers	botanical species and cultivar; product form and article stem count; grade and stem length; open-field or protected cultivation; substrate or soil system; production geography; harvest period; post-harvest treatment; packaging configuration; cold-chain condition; expected decorative or vase life; included life-cycle stages

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference-flow definition incomplete. The Tiangong reference product flow UUID shall remain unresolved rather than using the narrower Dye Flower flow; a semantically matching public product flow is required before activation or publication.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_item_count	Reference product	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	Item(s)	Report the quantitative reference as exactly one consumer-ready flower stem.
article_stem_conversion	Bouquets, wreaths, floral baskets, and similar articles	Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345	Item(s)	Record the measured count of qualifying flower stems in the article; divide article-level inputs and losses by the number of consumer-ready stems while retaining the article configuration as a qualifier.
mass_per_stem_measurement	Materials, products, and wastes recorded by mass	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure or calculate mass per declared stem for every mass-based row; do not substitute a generic stem mass when product-specific measurements are available.
nutrient_basis	Fertilisers and nutrient emissions	Mass of product and nutrient-specific mass	kg product; kg N; kg P; kg K	Preserve fertiliser product mass and calculate nutrient mass from documented composition; never treat formulated fertiliser mass as nutrient mass.
active_ingredient_basis	Plant-protection products	Mass	kg active ingredient	Collect formulated product and active-ingredient concentration, then report active-ingredient mass separately from formulated-product mass.
energy_conversion	Electricity and fuels	Energy	kWh; MJ	Preserve metered units and declared conversion factors; do not combine electricity and fuel energy without retaining carrier and technology identity.
water_source_separation	Irrigation, washing, conditioning, and transport water	Volume	m3	Record water by source and use; report recirculated water and make-up water separately to prevent double counting.

5. System Boundary

The default methodological boundary is cradle-to-grave. A foreground production dataset may stop at dispatch only when its shorter boundary is explicit and downstream users can attach the omitted stages without double counting.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased or internally produced seed, cutting, young plant, bulb, rootstock, or other propagation material entering the declared cut-flower production system
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the first foreground cultivation process
product_classification_scope	Fresh cut flowers and flower buds and the flower-stem content of in-scope decorative articles
recursive_input_rule	An input already representing an in-scope consumer-ready cut flower shall be recorded as an upstream product flow and shall not be expanded again inside the receiving foreground process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use a separately documented upstream dataset for purchased propagation material, externally cultivated stems, packaging, energy, fertiliser, plant-protection products, transport, and waste treatment; disclose proxy use and data quality.
disclosure	Declare starting-material type and origin, cultivation system, land and infrastructure treatment, included post-harvest operations, distribution route, article assembly, losses, and the exact terminal boundary.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_required_stages	Product system	Include starting-material production and raw-material acquisition, cultivation and harvest, post-harvest handling, packaging, distribution, storage or auction and retail when applicable, consumer use assumptions, and end-of-life for the flowers and packaging. A shorter foreground boundary shall state every omitted downstream stage.	wur-floripefcr-2024; lan-cut-flower-review-2022
boundary_cultivation_inputs	Cultivation	Include propagation material, growing media, greenhouse or protected-cultivation infrastructure when used, irrigation water, fertilisers, plant-protection products, biological-control disclosure, CO2 enrichment, energy, fuels, field operations, direct emissions, land occupation, and land-use change where relevant.	wur-floripefcr-2024; bsi-pas-2050-1-2012
boundary_post_harvest	Harvest to dispatch	Include harvesting, grading, trimming, washing or hydration, conditioning chemicals, phytosanitary treatment, cooling, cold storage, bunching or article assembly, packaging, on-site handling, product losses, wastewater, and wastes.	wur-floripefcr-2024
boundary_capital_goods	Protected cultivation	Include greenhouse structures and cultivation-specific infrastructure through documented bill of materials, service life, occupied area, and production over that life; disclose any excluded capital goods.	wur-floripefcr-2024
boundary_cutoff_disclosure	All stages	Do not omit a known material, energy, transport, waste, or direct-emission flow merely because it lacks data. Record it as unresolved, use a disclosed proxy, or justify exclusion against the applied study rule.	ec-pef-method-2021; wur-floripefcr-2024

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
cultivation	Starting material, cultivation, and harvest	required	Always	Foreground flower production	Harvested flower stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
post_harvest	Post-harvest preparation and conditioning	required	Always	Foreground grading, conditioning, cooling, and bunching or article assembly	Saleable conditioned stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
packaging_dispatch	Packaging and dispatch	required	Always	Foreground packaging and dispatch preparation	One consumer-ready stem at first dispatch
distribution_retail	Distribution, storage, auction or trade, and retail	conditional	Include when the declared boundary extends beyond first dispatch	Downstream transport, storage, trade, retail, and related losses	One stem delivered to the consumer
end_of_life	Flower and packaging end-of-life	conditional	Include for cradle-to-grave datasets or lifecycle models	Downstream waste collection and treatment	Waste generated by one purchased stem

Process: Starting material, cultivation, and harvest (cultivation)

Inputs

Product flows

Propagation or starting material (starting_material)

Record seed, cutting, young plant, bulb, rootstock, or other propagation material and its origin, quantity, losses, packaging, and supplier route.

• Selected flow: Select the matching Tiangong propagation-material product flow
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s), with mass where needed
• Amount rule: Measured starting-material count and mass allocated to harvested stems
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_cultivation_materials
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Growing medium and cultivation materials (growing_media_materials)

Record growing-medium constituents, containers, mulch, supports, strings, films, and other cultivation materials when used.

• Selected flow: Select constituent-specific Tiangong product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Volume / m3 where measured
• Amount rule: Annual or crop-cycle purchases less documented unused stock, allocated by crop area and production
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_cultivation_materials
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Irrigation and cultivation water (cultivation_water)

Record make-up water by source separately from recirculated water.

• Selected flow: Select source- and geography-specific Tiangong water flows
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Metered or reconciled make-up water allocated to the declared crop
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Fertilisers and soil amendments (fertiliser_inputs)

Record product mass, composition, nutrient mass, organic or synthetic origin, and application location.

• Selected flow: Select formulation-specific Tiangong fertiliser and amendment flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product; kg N; kg P; kg K
• Amount rule: Measured application or purchase-and-stock reconciliation converted with documented composition
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fertiliser_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Plant-protection products (plant_protection_inputs)

Record every applied formulated product, active ingredient, concentration, rate, treatment location, and post-harvest application.

• Selected flow: Select active-ingredient or formulated-product Tiangong flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg formulated product; kg active ingredient
• Amount rule: Applied formulated mass multiplied by active-ingredient concentration
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_plant_protection_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Cultivation electricity (cultivation_electricity)

Record electricity for lighting, pumping, ventilation, cooling, automation, and other cultivation operations.

• Selected flow: Select voltage-, supplier-, and geography-specific Tiangong electricity flow
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Metered consumption allocated to the declared crop by sub-metering or the allocation rule in section 7
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuel_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Heating fuels and supplied heat (cultivation_heat_fuel)

Record each fuel or heat carrier, quantity, lower or higher heating-value convention, combustion technology, and CHP relationship.

• Selected flow: Select carrier- and technology-specific Tiangong fuel or heat flows
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ; fuel quantity in metered unit
• Amount rule: Metered fuel or heat converted with a documented heating value and allocated to the crop
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_fuel_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested flower stems (harvested_stems)

Record the count and measured representative mass of harvested stems before grading.

• Selected flow: Harvested cut-flower stems; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s); Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Counted harvested stems allocated to the declared product and harvest period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_loss_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Cultivation and harvest biomass waste (cultivation_biomass_waste)

Record stems, leaves, roots, failed plants, and other biomass leaving the process as waste, with treatment route.

• Selected flow: Select the matching Tiangong biowaste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured or mass-balanced biomass waste by treatment route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_loss_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Elementary flows

Direct cultivation emissions (cultivation_direct_emissions)

Calculate direct emissions to air, water, and soil from fertiliser, manure, plant-protection products, fuel combustion, substrate, and field operations with the declared method and factors.

• Selected flow: Select substance- and compartment-specific Tiangong elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculation from collected activity data using cited emission-factor methods
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per harvested stems needed for one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_cultivation_emissions
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Process: Post-harvest preparation and conditioning (post_harvest)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested stems entering post-harvest handling (post_harvest_stem_input)

Record the transfer of harvested stems without duplicating cultivation burdens.

• Selected flow: Harvested cut-flower stems; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Calculated from saleable output plus measured rejects and handling losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_loss_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Post-harvest water and conditioning agents (post_harvest_water_agents)

Record washing, hydration, bucket, and conditioning water and each conditioning or phytosanitary agent.

• Selected flow: Select source-specific water and agent product flows
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3; Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Metered batch use divided by saleable conditioned stems from the batch
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_post_harvest_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Post-harvest electricity and refrigerants (post_harvest_energy_refrigerants)

Record electricity for sorting, washing, cooling, cold storage, and article assembly, plus refrigerant charge and leakage.

• Selected flow: Select voltage-, geography-, and refrigerant-specific Tiangong flows
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; Mass / kg refrigerant
• Amount rule: Metered energy and reconciled refrigerant leakage allocated by stem throughput, storage volume, and time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_post_harvest_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable conditioned stems (saleable_conditioned_stems)

Record stems meeting the declared grade and post-harvest specification.

• Selected flow: Saleable conditioned cut-flower stems; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Counted saleable stems after grading and conditioning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_loss_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Post-harvest rejects and wastewater (post_harvest_waste)

Record rejected biomass, trimmed material, spent conditioning solution, and wastewater by treatment route.

• Selected flow: Select matching Tiangong biowaste and wastewater flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured waste plus batch mass and water balance
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_loss_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Elementary flows

Refrigerant leakage (post_harvest_refrigerant_emission)

Record substance-specific refrigerant emitted to air.

• Selected flow: Select the matching Tiangong elementary flow to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Beginning charge plus additions minus recovered and ending charge, allocated to stored volume and time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one saleable conditioned stem
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_post_harvest_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Process: Packaging and dispatch (packaging_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Saleable stems for packaging (packaging_stem_input)

Record the stem count entering packaging or article assembly.

• Selected flow: Saleable conditioned cut-flower stems; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Counted input stems by packaging or article batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Packaging, accessories, and transport water (packaging_materials)

Record primary, secondary, and tertiary packaging, ties, sleeves, containers, floral foam, supports, non-floral decorations, and water transported with the product.

• Selected flow: Select material-specific Tiangong product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured packaging bill of materials divided by packaged consumer-ready stems; divide reusable packaging by verified reuse cycles
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Packaging and dispatch energy (packaging_dispatch_energy)

Record electricity and fuels used for packing, article assembly, internal handling, and dispatch staging.

• Selected flow: Select carrier-, voltage-, and geography-specific Tiangong energy flows
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh; MJ
• Amount rule: Metered batch energy divided by dispatched consumer-ready stems
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Consumer-ready cut-flower stem (consumer_ready_stem)

Record exactly one conforming stem. For articles, this output represents one stem-equivalent and retains article composition as a qualifier.

• Selected flow: Cut flower or flower bud, consumer-ready; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items 01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345 / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Fixed reference output of one stem
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Packaging and assembly waste (packaging_assembly_waste)

Record offcuts, damaged packaging, nonconforming accessories, and flower losses generated during packaging or assembly.

• Selected flow: Select material-specific waste flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Measured waste by material and treatment route divided by dispatched stems
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one consumer-ready stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_dispatch_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Elementary flows

Process: Distribution, storage, auction or trade, and retail (distribution_retail)

Inputs

Product flows

Dispatched stems and transport service (distribution_inputs)

Record all route legs, transport modes, distance, load, packaging mass, temperature control, storage duration, auction or trade handling, and retail storage.

• Selected flow: Consumer-ready stem plus mode-specific transport, storage, and energy service flows
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s); Transport work / tkm; Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Route-specific calculation from mass, volume, distance, load factor, storage volume, and time
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one stem delivered to the consumer
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_distribution_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Distribution refrigerant leakage (distribution_refrigerant_emission)

Record substance-specific refrigerant leakage from cold transport, storage, and retail.

• Selected flow: Select the matching Tiangong elementary flow to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Reconciled leakage allocated by product volume and storage time or transport work
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one stem delivered to the consumer
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_distribution_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Outputs

Product flows

Stem delivered to consumer (delivered_stem)

Record one purchased stem after scaling upstream production for measured distribution, storage, trade, and retail losses.

• Selected flow: Cut flower or flower bud, consumer-ready; Tiangong UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Fixed output of one delivered stem after loss scaling
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: one delivered stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Distribution and retail losses (distribution_retail_losses)

Record damaged, wilted, or unsold flowers and associated packaging waste at the stage where each loss occurs.

• Selected flow: Select matching flower-biowaste and packaging-waste flows
• Flow property / unit: Number of items / Item(s); Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Counted losses by stage and treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one stem delivered to the consumer
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_distribution_records
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Elementary flows

Process: Flower and packaging end-of-life (end_of_life)

Inputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Discarded flower and packaging (discarded_flower_packaging)

Record flower biomass, water, sleeves, ties, containers, foam, baskets, and other packaging by material and local treatment route.

• Selected flow: Select material-specific Tiangong waste flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; Number of items / Item(s)
• Amount rule: Measured product and packaging composition multiplied by local collection and treatment shares
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: waste from one purchased stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_end_of_life_scenario
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste-treatment services and recovered products (end_of_life_services)

Record composting, digestion, incineration, landfill, recycling, and recovered products without double counting avoided burdens.

• Selected flow: Select route-specific Tiangong treatment and recovered-product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Input waste mass multiplied by documented treatment shares and process yields
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: waste from one purchased stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_end_of_life_scenario
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct end-of-life emissions (end_of_life_emissions)

Record treatment-specific emissions to air, water, and soil using the selected treatment datasets or documented factors.

• Selected flow: Select substance- and compartment-specific Tiangong elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Treatment-specific calculation from waste mass and cited factors
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: waste from one purchased stem
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_end_of_life_scenario
• Sources: wur-floripefcr-2024

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_first	All multifunctional processes	First subdivide processes and use direct measurements for the flower crop, compartment, batch, article, or route. Apply allocation only to residual shared inputs or emissions.	ec-pef-method-2021; wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_greenhouse_land_time	Shared greenhouse cultivation	Allocate shared energy, cleaning, land occupation, and generic operations using crop-specific sub-metering where available; otherwise use occupied area integrated over growing time. Apply economic allocation only to remaining co-products that cannot be separated physically.	wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_chp_energy	Combined heat and power	Subdivide fuel and direct emissions between useful heat and electricity by their produced energy content, retain measured efficiency, and separately attribute purification burdens for recovered CO2 supplied to cultivation.	wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_rotation_inputs	Organic fertiliser and green manure in rotations	Allocate mineral nitrogen to the crop receiving it and allocate residual organic nutrients and green-manure burdens across the rotation using occupied area and the cited horticultural rule.	bsi-pas-2050-1-2012; wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_transport_physical	Shared transport	Allocate by the physical constraint on load capacity: mass when mass-constrained, volume when volume-constrained; include documented empty return and cold-chain operation.	wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_storage_volume_time	Shared storage, auction, trade, and retail	Allocate utilities and leakage by occupied product volume multiplied by storage time.	wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_reuse_cycles	Reusable buckets, trays, trolleys, and containers	Divide manufacture and end-of-life burdens by verified lifetime uses and include cleaning and return transport for each use.	wur-floripefcr-2024
allocation_article_components	Bouquets and similar articles	Normalize article-level burdens by measured flower-stem count for this PCR while retaining each non-floral component as a separate input; do not allocate accessory burdens away from the article.	wur-floripefcr-2024

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_cultivation_materials	cultivation	Starting material, growing media, infrastructure, and cultivation materials	Purchase, stock, supplier, and field records	material identity; supplier; origin; quantity; composition; recycled content; opening and closing stock; crop area; service life; crop share	Reconcile purchases and stock; verify bills of materials and supplier specifications	item; kg; m3; m2-year	Each receipt and annual reconciliation	At least three recent years for annual or protected crops, or three recent crop cycles when shorter; steady-state representation for perennials	Every included farm and cultivation compartment	Sum net use, allocate by direct crop records or section 7, and divide by saleable stem count	Invoices, stock sheets, supplier specifications, infrastructure records, and crop-area logs
cp_water_records	cultivation	Irrigation and cultivation water	Meter and water-source records	source; abstraction or supply meter; make-up volume; recirculated volume; discharge volume; crop area; stem output	Read calibrated meters and reconcile water balance	m3	Monthly and each crop cycle	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every water source and included cultivation block	Sum make-up water by source and divide by saleable stems; report recirculation separately	Meter calibration, bills, abstraction records, and water-balance check
cp_fertiliser_records	cultivation	Fertilisers, manure, amendments, and nutrient inputs	Application and composition records	product; batch; applied mass; N/P/K composition; organic or synthetic origin; field or compartment; date	Reconcile application logs to purchase and stock records; verify composition	kg product; kg N; kg P; kg K	Each application	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every included field or compartment	Convert product mass to nutrients, apply rotation allocation, and divide by saleable stems	Application logs, invoices, labels, laboratory or supplier composition
cp_plant_protection_records	cultivation	Plant-protection and post-harvest treatment products	Application records	product; active ingredient; concentration; formulated amount; treated area or batch; date; application method	Record each application and calculate active-ingredient mass	kg product; kg active ingredient	Each application	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every included field, greenhouse, and post-harvest area	Sum by active ingredient and divide by saleable stems	Application logs, labels, invoices, and applicator calibration
cp_energy_fuel_records	cultivation	Electricity, heat, fuels, CHP, and CO2 enrichment	Meter, invoice, and operating records	carrier; meter; quantity; unit; supplier; voltage; fuel heating value; CHP heat and electricity; CO2 source; crop area and time	Sub-meter where possible; otherwise reconcile facility totals and allocation drivers	kWh; MJ; kg; m3	Monthly and each crop cycle	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every included energy system and cultivation compartment	Convert with documented factors, allocate under section 7, and divide by saleable stems	Meter calibration, invoices, fuel specifications, CHP logs, and allocation reconciliation
cp_output_loss_records	cultivation; post_harvest	Harvested, saleable, rejected, and lost stems and biomass	Harvest, grading, waste, and dispatch records	harvested count and mass; saleable count; reject count and mass; reason; waste route; product qualifier	Count by batch and weigh representative stems and wastes	item; kg	Each harvest and grading batch	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every included crop, grade, and handling site	Reconcile harvested stems to saleable stems, transfers, rejects, and inventory change	Batch tickets, scale records, grade reports, waste receipts, and mass/count balance
cp_cultivation_emissions	cultivation	Direct emissions from cultivation	Calculation workpaper linked to activity records	fertiliser and manure inputs; soil or substrate; climate; water discharge; fuel use; active ingredient; factor and factor source	Apply declared factor method to collected activity data	kg substance	Each reporting period	Same representative period as cultivation output	Every included field or compartment	Calculate by substance and compartment and divide by saleable stems	Formula audit, source version, input traceability, and independent recalculation
cp_post_harvest_records	post_harvest	Water, conditioning agents, energy, storage, refrigerants, and wastewater	Batch, meter, stock, and maintenance records	stem count; water; agent; energy; storage volume and time; refrigerant charge, additions, recovery; wastewater	Measure by batch or reconcile shared systems	item; m3; kg; kWh; m3-day	Each batch; monthly for shared utilities	Same representative period as processed output	Every included post-harvest site	Allocate by measured batch, stem throughput, or volume-time and divide by saleable stems	Batch sheets, meters, invoices, maintenance logs, and utility reconciliation
cp_packaging_dispatch_records	packaging_dispatch	Packaging, accessories, reusable containers, assembly, and dispatch	Bill of materials and batch records	material; mass; recycled content; article stem count; reuse cycles; cleaning; dispatch count; packaging waste	Weigh representative configurations and reconcile purchases and stock	item; kg; m3	Each configuration and annual reconciliation	Current configuration and representative reporting year	Every included packhouse or assembly site	Divide batch materials and energy by conforming dispatched stems; divide reusable items by verified uses	Packaging specifications, scale records, purchase data, reuse logs, and batch reconciliation
cp_distribution_records	distribution_retail	Transport, storage, auction, trade, retail, losses, and refrigerants	Route, shipment, facility, and sales records	origin and destination; mode; distance; fuel; load; mass and volume; storage volume and time; utility use; refrigerant; loss count and route	Collect each route leg and reconcile facility activity	km; tkm; m3-week; kWh; kg; item	Each shipment and monthly facility totals	Representative reporting year with seasonal coverage	Every included route leg and facility	Calculate transport work, allocate storage by volume-time, scale for stage-specific losses, and divide by delivered stems	Freight documents, telematics, utility bills, inventory records, sales and waste records
cp_end_of_life_scenario	end_of_life	Flower and packaging treatment	Composition and scenario records	material mass; local collection share; composting; digestion; recycling; incineration; landfill; transport; recovery yield	Use measured composition and current geography-specific treatment evidence	kg; fraction	Each product configuration; scenario review at least annually	Current market and waste-management year	Declared consumer market	Multiply material mass by treatment shares and route datasets; sum shares to one	Product disassembly record, official waste statistics, treatment evidence, and scenario checksum

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_stem_normalization	All process rows	normalized amount = attributed period or batch amount / conforming consumer-ready stems represented by that amount	attributed amount; conforming stem count	amount per stem	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_article_to_stems	Bouquets and similar articles	amount per stem = article-level amount / measured qualifying flower-stem count; retain article identity and non-floral components	article amount; flower-stem count	amount per stem-equivalent	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_loss_scaling	Successive life-cycle stages	required upstream stems = one delivered stem / product of retained fractions at each included loss stage; do not combine losses without retaining stage records	counted input, output, and loss by stage	loss-adjusted upstream stem requirement	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_three_period_average	Cultivation	Calculate each annual or crop-cycle inventory first, then average three representative years or three recent consecutive cycles; use a shorter period only with explicit justification and never less than one year for a new annual system.	period inputs; period outputs; stem counts	representative cultivation inventory per stem	wur-floripefcr-2024; bsi-pas-2050-1-2012
calc_perennial_steady_state	Perennial cut-flower systems	Weight development stages so the reporting period represents theoretical steady state; document any correction and exclude pre-yield-only inventory from an unqualified mature-product dataset.	stage area, time, inputs, outputs, yields	steady-state inventory per stem	wur-floripefcr-2024; bsi-pas-2050-1-2012
calc_nutrient_mass	Fertilisers and amendments	nutrient mass = applied product mass × documented nutrient mass fraction	product mass; N/P/K composition	kg nutrient	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_active_ingredient	Plant-protection products	active-ingredient mass = formulated product mass × active-ingredient mass fraction	formulated mass; concentration	kg active ingredient	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_transport_work	Distribution	tonne-kilometres = transported gross mass in tonnes × one-way loaded distance; apply documented load and empty-return treatment without duplicating refrigerated energy	mass; distance; load; empty return; mode	tkm by route leg	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_reusable_packaging	Reusable packaging	material burden per use = packaging manufacture and end-of-life burden / verified lifetime uses; add cleaning and return transport for the current use	packaging mass; reuse cycles; cleaning; return route	packaging burden per stem	wur-floripefcr-2024
calc_dqr	Data quality	Assess precision, time, geography, and technology representativeness for material activity data and direct elementary flows; retain criterion scores and evidence.	activity and flow evidence; study context	data-quality record	ec-pef-method-2021; wur-floripefcr-2024

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Reference product	Retain species or cultivar, grade, stem length, product form, article composition, production geography, cultivation system, harvest period, post-harvest treatment, packaging, cold-chain condition, and expected decorative life.	Product specification, batch record, and reference-flow metadata
dq_temporal	Cultivation	Use three representative recent years for annual and protected systems or three consecutive recent cycles for crops shorter than a year; apply documented steady-state treatment to perennial systems.	Period coverage table and source-linked calculation
dq_site_coverage	Multi-site production	Describe the population, technology, farm practice, climate zone, and capacity strata; document included sites and production coverage.	Site register, sampling rationale, and production-volume reconciliation
dq_measurement	Material activity data	Prefer calibrated meters, verified invoices, batch counts, scales, and supplier specifications; preserve raw units and conversion factors.	Calibration, invoice, batch, scale, and specification records
dq_completeness	All required stages and flows	Reconcile inputs, outputs, losses, stock changes, water, energy, and waste; list every unresolved or excluded flow with materiality rationale.	Completeness checklist and mass/count/utility balances
dq_representativeness	Foreground and secondary data	Assess technological, geographical, temporal, and precision representativeness; disclose proxies and their expected direction of bias.	DQR workpaper and proxy register
dq_source_traceability	Calculated values and factors	Store formula, source id and version, raw inputs, allocation driver, and calculation output so an independent reviewer can reproduce the value.	Calculation workpaper and cited source
dq_uuid_readiness	Tiangong identity	Resolve each selected public flow, property, and unit-group UUID against the current Tiangong row before activation or publication; do not substitute a narrower flow.	Tiangong readback record retained outside PCR content

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_product_identity	Reference product	Fail conformance when species or cultivar, grade, product form, stem count for an article, cultivation system, production geography, and boundary are missing.	wur-floripefcr-2024
validate_reference_flow	Quantitative reference	Require exactly one consumer-ready stem in Item(s), or a transparent article-to-stem calculation whose qualifying stem count is positive and whose non-floral components remain in inventory.	wur-floripefcr-2024; lan-cut-flower-review-2022
validate_reference_uuid	Tiangong reference flow	Block activation, publication, and claims of full PCR conformance until a semantically matching generic cut-flower product flow UUID is selected and read back; reject the narrower Dye Flower flow for this role.
validate_process_coverage	Foreground inventory	Require cultivation, post-harvest, and packaging-dispatch process inventories. Require distribution and end-of-life inventories whenever those stages are within the declared boundary.	wur-floripefcr-2024
validate_required_inputs	Cultivation	Require explicit rows or justified non-applicability for starting material, growing medium, cultivation materials, water, fertilisers, plant-protection products, energy, heating or cooling, infrastructure, direct emissions, output, and losses.	wur-floripefcr-2024
validate_count_balance	Stem transfers	For each stage, require input stems = conforming output stems + rejected or lost stems ± documented inventory change.
validate_water_balance	Water-using stages	Require make-up water = incorporated or transported water + discharge + evaporation or other loss ± stock change, within declared measurement uncertainty; keep recirculated water separate.
validate_allocation	Shared processes	Require subdivision evidence or a cited allocation rule and measured driver; reject unexplained economic allocation where physical separation or causality is available.	ec-pef-method-2021; wur-floripefcr-2024
validate_temporal_coverage	Cultivation	Require the representative period or an explicit exception consistent with annual, short-cycle, or perennial rules.	wur-floripefcr-2024; bsi-pas-2050-1-2012
validate_loss_scaling	Downstream stages	Require stage-specific measured loss fractions in the interval from zero through one and verify that upstream stem scaling reproduces one delivered stem.	wur-floripefcr-2024
validate_source_traceability	Calculated rows	Require every method factor, externally constrained rule, and non-default scenario to reference a listed source id; require every foreground calculated row to link to a collection protocol.	ec-pef-method-2021
validate_data_quality	Dataset profile	Require disclosed precision, time, geography, and technology representativeness and an explicit proxy register.	ec-pef-method-2021; wur-floripefcr-2024

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground cut-flower production data package, with optional downstream distribution and end-of-life extensions
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset; input to process and lifecyclemodel projections
allowed_use	Product-specific modelling for cut flowers and flower buds when the declared species, grade, cultivation route, geography, time, post-harvest treatment, packaging, distribution, loss, and boundary match the study
excluded_use	Potted plants, planting material, seed, dried or artificial flowers, edible flowers sold as food, undisclosed generic global proxies, or comparison of unlike product specifications and decorative lives
required_metadata	PCR id and version; species or cultivar; grade; stem length; product or article form and stem count; cultivation system and substrate; geography; harvest and data period; post-harvest treatment; packaging; cold-chain and route; expected decorative life; boundary; allocation; source and proxy register; Tiangong UUID readback status
required_quality_disclosure	Site and production coverage; collection period; measurement and calculation methods; data-quality criteria; unresolved flows; excluded processes; proxy data and direction of bias; allocation drivers; mass, count, water, and utility reconciliation
update_trigger	Change in species or grade, cultivation technology, energy system, greenhouse infrastructure, water source, nutrient or plant-protection regime, post-harvest treatment, packaging, route or cold chain, loss pattern, waste treatment, source method, or any material input or emission

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
wur-floripefcr-2024	standard	Broekema, R. et al. (2024), Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules for Cut Flowers and Potted Plants: Final version, Wageningen Economic Research Report 2024-023, DOI: 10.18174/549543, retrieved 2026-07-30	Flower-specific functional unit and reference flow; life-cycle stages; mandatory company-specific data; allocation; temporal coverage; packaging, distribution, loss, data-quality, and end-of-life rules
ec-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I: Product Environmental Footprint Method, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/document/download/680503dc-5a19-4f6a-bb92-84d9bfc8f312_en, retrieved 2026-07-30	General PEF boundary, multifunctionality, data-needs, data-quality, secondary-data, and reporting rules
bsi-pas-2050-1-2012	standard	BSI PAS 2050-1:2012, Assessment of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from horticultural products - Supplementary requirements for the cradle-to-gate stages, official BSI record, retrieved 2026-07-30	Horticultural temporal averaging, perennial steady state, rotation allocation, land-use-change, and cradle-to-gate disclosure
lan-cut-flower-review-2022	literature	Lan, Y.-C., Tam, V. W. Y., Xing, W., Datt, R., and Chan, Z. (2022), Life cycle environmental impacts of cut flowers: A review, Journal of Cleaner Production 369, 133415, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133415	Independent evidence for stem-count functional units, category variability, and the relevance of cultivation, post-harvest, consumer, energy, water, chemical, land-use, and waste stages

Source limitation: the 2024 FloriPEFCR states a validity end date of 2025-12-31. Its flower-specific technical rules are used here as the strongest located published methodology evidence, not as a claim of current validity. A current replacement or renewed validity shall be confirmed before this candidate PCR can become active.