Cow peas, dry

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers production of mature dry cowpea grain (Vigna unguiculata) handed over at the farm gate after field production, one or multiple mature-pod pickings, pod drying, threshing, winnowing or initial cleaning, grading and conditional final drying. It applies to unprocessed whole grain intended for food, feed or an otherwise declared dry-grain market.

Green pods or leaves, planting seed marketed as seed, cooked or canned cowpeas, flour, splits and industrially separated protein, starch, fibre or oil are outside scope. Storage after the farm-gate hand-off, packaging for retail and transport beyond that gate are also outside scope.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.cow-peas-dry
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:01706 Cow peas, dry; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	mature whole dry cowpea grain (Vigna unguiculata), including declared market classes and colours
excluded_products	green pods and leaves; planting seed sold as seed; cooked or canned grain; flour; splits; industrial fractions
representative_product	mature cleaned dry cowpea grain at farm gate
production_route	managed field production parent with rainfed or irrigated variants; synchronized single picking or staggered multiple pickings; pod drying, threshing, cleaning, grading and conditional final drying
market_state	harvested grain, unprocessed; production mix, at farm gate

The managed-production parent is field cultivation of cowpea. Rainfed and irrigated fields may coexist in an aggregated production mix, but their water and energy deltas remain separately collected. For each field-lot, synchronized one-picking and staggered multiple-picking harvest variants are mutually exclusive. Manual and mechanized harvest, threshing, cleaning or drying are technology variants of their named parent activities; the delta is the equipment, energy, labour-record, loss and pass structure, which must be evidenced for the represented route.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	accepted mature whole dry cowpea grain at the declared farm-gate hand-off
How much	1,000 kg
How well	declared species, market class or colour, grade, wet-basis moisture, foreign matter, insect damage, broken or split grain, crop year and lot status
How long or cycle	one crop cycle through farm-gate hand-off; all staggered pickings and linked conditioning passes included
reference_flow_link	cowpeas_dry_farm_gate

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Cow peas, dry c377d583-fcf6-47fe-ac52-95ec0a377058
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass units 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Vigna unguiculata; mature whole dry grain; production mix; farm gate; crop year; market class or colour; grade; wet-basis moisture; foreign matter; insect damage; broken or split fraction; harvest route; drying route

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net accepted mass at the farm gate and do not include rejects, unresolved rework or packaging.
moisture_basis	pods and grain	mass and moisture	kg; % wet basis	Record moisture on a wet basis at every mass hand-off; use dry solids for comparisons across drying states.
nutrient_product_basis	nutrient supply	product quantity and nutrient composition	native product unit; kg nutrient	Record each mineral, organic or nutrient-bearing product once and derive nutrient quantities from its analysis without duplicating compound products.
energy_conversion	energy carriers	native carrier quantity and net energy	L; kg; kWh; MJ	Preserve the measured carrier unit and disclose every factor used to convert to MJ.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	field establishment for the represented cowpea crop cycle, with seed or planting material and all inherited upstream product datasets entering the foreground
starting_condition_role	foreground start for managed biological production
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0:01706 Cow peas, dry
recursive_input_rule	cowpea grain retained or purchased for planting remains a planting-material input with its upstream dataset and cannot be counted as the current farm-gate reference output
upstream_dataset_requirement	every purchased product, energy carrier, water service and planting-material input carries a geographically and temporally appropriate upstream dataset or an explicit data gap
disclosure	declare field location, crop year, production variant, picking pattern, harvested state, conditioning and drying technology, farm-gate specification and every output destination

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_crop_cycle	field through farm gate	Include establishment, management, every mature-pod picking, pod drying, threshing, winnowing or cleaning, grading, conditional final drying and farm-gate hand-off.	iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018; iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009
boundary_harvest_independent	harvest	Keep harvest separate from field production because it changes the state from standing mature crop to collected pod lots and may comprise several dated pickings; keep conditioning separate because it begins after that hand-off.	iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009
boundary_states	conditioning and grading	Track pods, loose grain, stabilized grain, accepted grade, downgraded grain, rework and final reject as distinct states with exclusive hand-offs.	iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018; fao-cowpea-postharvest
boundary_storage	farm-gate endpoint	Use a single-period crop-cycle route with no storage after hand-off. Include only drying or short holding needed to attain the declared hand-off condition; exclude storage and pest-control burdens after hand-off.	fao-grain-drying-storage
boundary_route_delta	route variants	For rainfed versus irrigated, manual versus mechanized, single versus multiple picking and passive versus powered drying, collect the changed input, energy, loss, pass and validation records under the named parent process; mutually exclusive alternatives cannot be combined for one lot.	iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009; iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
field_production	Managed cowpea field production	required	All represented crop cycles	Managed biological production with declared alternative production route deltas from field establishment to physiologically mature standing plants	one field and crop cycle linked to final accepted grain
harvest_capture	Mature-pod harvest and capture	required	One picking for synchronized maturity or all pickings for staggered maturity	Independent removal of mature pods from the production context	one field-picking event or linked picking campaign
primary_conditioning	Pod drying, threshing and initial cleaning	required	Every harvested pod lot	Primary conditioning with declared alternative technology deltas from harvested pods to loose cleaned grain	one harvested-pod lot
final_drying	Conditional final drying and stabilization	conditional	Include when cleaned grain exceeds the declared farm-gate moisture or stability limit	Bounded stabilization from moist usable grain to dry stable grain	one drying lot and pass
grading_handoff	Grading, routing and farm-gate hand-off	required	Every conditioned grain lot	Exclusive classification into accepted, downgraded, rework or reject destinations	one grading lot linked to the farm-gate output

Production is batch-indexed by field and crop cycle. Harvest is indexed by picking event or linked picking campaign, and post-harvest work is indexed by lot, run and pass. Inputs, outputs, cleaning and changeover events must use those identifiers so shared burdens are assigned once.

Process: Managed cowpea field production (field_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Cowpea planting material (planting_material)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cowpea seed for planting

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measure planting material entering the represented field; do not classify the harvested reference product as planting seed

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 5
  • Upper: 250
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: planting material per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Fertilizer, urea input (nutrient_supply)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (nutrient_supply_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (nutrient_supply_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Cattle manure, as applied input (nutrient_supply_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Agricultural limestone input (nutrient_supply_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Required crop-protection records: before completing the foreground package, enumerate every actually applied formulated product separately, retaining trade name, active ingredient, salt or chemical form, concentration, density where needed, application quantity, date and treated area. Select one physically specific product identity per exchange. Derive active-substance releases separately by substance and receiving compartment. Missing formulation identity is a completeness gap; do not replace it with a generic pesticide, invented example, or assumed zero.

Irrigation water supplied (irrigation_service)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: measure delivered irrigation water when irrigation is used; zero is valid for rainfed fields

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: delivered irrigation water per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Electricity, medium voltage (field_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Diesel fuel (field_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

Elementary flows

Cultivated land occupation (land_occupation)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Agricultural land occupation

• Flow property / unit: Area time / ha crop-cycle

• Amount rule: calculate cultivated area and occupied crop cycle linked to the accepted output

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.05
  • Upper: 10
  • Unit: ha crop-cycle
  • Basis: cultivated land occupation per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Mature standing cowpea crop (mature_standing_crop)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Intended output: physiologically mature cowpea plants and pods at harvest readiness

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: calculate moisture-characterized mature crop handed to harvest, including the declared single- or multiple-picking route

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_outputs

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 12000
  • Unit: kg as harvested
  • Basis: mature above-ground crop associated with 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Intended haulm or field-residue co-product (field_residue_intended)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cowpea haulm or crop residue deliberately recovered for use

• Flow property / unit: Dry mass / kg

• Amount rule: measure only material with an intended destination and hand-off; otherwise classify it as residue retained on field or waste

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_outputs

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg dry matter
  • Basis: intended recovered haulm per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Unrecovered field residue and pre-harvest loss (field_losses)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Unrecovered crop residue, fallen pods and damaged material

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: estimate by field sampling and reconcile separately from intended co-products

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_outputs

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg as observed
  • Basis: unrecovered residue and pre-harvest loss per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Elementary flows

Direct and indirect managed-soil nitrous oxide (soil_n2o)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air from managed soils

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: calculate from measured nitrogen activity data with the disclosed IPCC tier and factors; convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_records

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: kg N2O
  • Basis: managed-soil N2O per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Process: Mature-pod harvest and capture (harvest_capture)

Inputs

Product flows

Mature standing crop handed to harvest (standing_crop_input)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Physiologically mature cowpea crop

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: carry forward the moisture-characterized mature crop from field production without duplication

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 12000
  • Unit: kg as harvested
  • Basis: mature crop input per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Electricity, medium voltage (harvest_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

Diesel fuel (harvest_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested mature cowpea pods (harvested_mature_pods)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Mature dry or drying-ready cowpea pods

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh all collected mature-pod lots at each hand-off to pod drying and conditioning

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

• Sources: iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kg pods as harvested
  • Basis: harvested mature pods per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009

Recovered harvest residue co-product (harvest_residue_coproduct)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Recovered haulm or stems with an intended destination

• Flow property / unit: Dry mass / kg

• Amount rule: measure only independently intended recovered material at its hand-off

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg dry matter
  • Basis: recovered harvest residue per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Shattered, uncollected or damaged harvest material (harvest_loss)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Harvest loss and damaged pods or grain without an intended product destination

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: estimate by representative loss sampling for every picking and exclude it from accepted output

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: harvest loss per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Process: Pod drying, threshing and initial cleaning (primary_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested pod lot (pod_lot_input)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Harvested mature cowpea pods

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh incoming pods and record inlet moisture before drying, threshing and cleaning

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Sources: iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kg pods as received
  • Basis: incoming pods per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009

Electricity, medium voltage (conditioning_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

Diesel fuel (conditioning_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

Purchased steam (conditioning_energy_steam)

Include this exchange only when Purchased steam is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Purchased steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured Purchased steam supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

Outputs

Product flows

Loose cleaned cowpea grain (loose_cleaned_grain)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Threshed and winnowed cowpea grain before final moisture decision

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh prepared grain and record moisture, foreign matter, insect damage and broken grain at hand-off

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Sources: iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 2000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: prepared loose grain per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018

Intended pod-shell or chaff co-product (chaff_coproduct)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Pod shells, chaff or haulm deliberately supplied for use

• Flow property / unit: Dry mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh separately only when an intended destination and hand-off exist

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg dry matter
  • Basis: intended conditioning co-product per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Conditioning rejects and foreign matter (conditioning_rejects)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Pod fragments, stones, soil, foreign matter and unrecoverable damaged grain

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh exclusive reject destinations and distinguish disposal from on-field return or recovery

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: conditioning rejects per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Process: Conditional final drying and stabilization (final_drying)

Inputs

Product flows

Moist cleaned grain requiring stabilization (moist_grain_input)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cleaned cowpea grain above the declared moisture or stability limit

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh and test each lot before the drying intervention; omit this process when the limit is already met

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

• Sources: fao-grain-drying-storage

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2500
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: moist grain entering final drying per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: fao-grain-drying-storage

Electricity, medium voltage (drying_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

Diesel fuel (drying_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

Purchased steam (drying_energy_steam)

Include this exchange only when Purchased steam is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Purchased steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured Purchased steam supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

Outputs

Product flows

Stabilized dry cowpea grain (stabilized_dry_grain)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cowpea grain meeting the declared moisture and stability condition

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh at outlet, test moisture and hand the lot to grading; return under-dried material only through a recorded additional pass

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

• Sources: fao-grain-drying-storage

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: stabilized grain per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: fao-grain-drying-storage

Waste flows

Drying rejects (drying_rejects)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Moulded, insect-damaged or otherwise rejected grain removed during drying

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh rejects and record disposal, recovery or downgrade destination; do not include them in stabilized output

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

• Sources: fao-cowpea-postharvest

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: drying rejects per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: fao-cowpea-postharvest

Elementary flows

Water removed in final drying (water_removed)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Water to air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: calculate from inlet and outlet mass and wet-basis moisture, reconciled with rejects and stock change

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_drying_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

No fixed numerical screening bound is prescribed for this row. Derive any lot-specific consistency bound from measured incoming quantities, moisture, stocks, losses and uncertainty on the stated basis. Conservation alone supplies no universal yield, water-use or measurement-tolerance interval. Until compatible evidence is available, report quantitative range screening as unavailable; do not clip measurements or substitute an assumed value.

Process: Grading, routing and farm-gate hand-off (grading_handoff)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned grain entering grading (conditioned_grain_input)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cleaned dry or stabilized cowpea grain

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh every lot entering grading and retain the path through or around final drying

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 2500
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: conditioned grain input per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Electricity, medium voltage (grading_energy)

Include this exchange only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Measured Electricity, medium voltage supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

Diesel fuel (grading_energy_diesel)

Include this exchange only when Diesel fuel is actually supplied to this process. Record every other actual carrier separately. For purchased operating services, retain the supplier boundary and do not also count fuel or electricity already included in that service. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured Diesel fuel supplied to this process and period, normalized once to the declared reference output; convert carrier-native units only with documented density, calorific value or meter conventions where needed.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

Returned off-spec grain for rework (rework_return)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Off-spec cowpea grain returned from a prior grading pass

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh each return and link it to its originating lot and final exclusive destination; retain prior burdens

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: rework return per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate (cowpeas_dry_farm_gate)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cow peas, dry c377d583-fcf6-47fe-ac52-95ec0a377058

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: set to the reference amount after excluding downgraded, rejected and unresolved rework material

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per reference flow.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: accepted mature dry cowpea grain at farm gate
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Downgraded cowpea grain (downgraded_grain)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Cowpea grain intentionally sold or handed off below the accepted reference grade

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh each downgraded destination and keep it mutually exclusive from accepted, rework and reject states

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

• Sources:

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: downgraded grain per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources:

Waste flows

Final grading rejects (grading_rejects)

Quantify this role for the linked field, picking, lot or run and preserve its exclusive hand-off.

• Selected flow: Foreign matter, severely damaged grain and other material with no product destination

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weigh final rejects and record disposal or recovery route; exclude them from accepted and downgraded outputs

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted dry cowpea grain at farm gate.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_grading_records

• Sources: fao-cowpea-postharvest

• Range: Complete quantitative range

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg
  • Basis: final rejects per 1,000 kg accepted grain
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
  • Sources: fao-cowpea-postharvest

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_output_classification	all output nodes	Classify every output as accepted product, independently intended co-product, residue retained in the system, rework, downgraded product or waste before attribution; a material may occupy only one final state.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_coproduct	intended haulm, chaff or downgraded grain	When an independently intended output exists, make and disclose a study-specific attribution decision. Prefer a documented physical relation when causality supports it; otherwise disclose economic allocation, prices, period and sensitivity. Residues and wastes receive no automatic credit.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_batch	fields, pickings, lots and runs	Assign direct records to their field, event or lot. Assign shared cleaning, changeover and run burdens once using measured throughput or another disclosed causal driver; never count the same campaign in each picking.	mass-balance-identity
allocation_rework	returned off-spec material	Retain burdens already carried by returned material, add only incremental rework burdens, and count its mass once at the final accepted, downgraded, recovered or discarded destination.	mass-balance-identity

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field_records	field_production	planting, nutrients, protection, water, energy, land and N activity	field log, invoice, meter and application record	field; area; dates; product; amount; formulation; nutrient analysis; water; carrier; factor	reconcile every application and operation to the field; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by actual product or carrier, then normalize to accepted output	kg; L; m3; kWh; MJ; ha	each event	crop cycle	each field	per declared reference flow	invoice, calibrated meter, label and field log
cp_field_outputs	field_production	mature crop, intended residue and loss	field sample and mass record	field; area; crop state; fresh mass; dry matter; destination; loss	representative sampling plus measured hand-off; Raw aggregation and attribution: moisture-align exclusive output states	kg; %; ha	field and crop cycle	maturity to final picking	each field	per declared reference flow	sampling plan, scale calibration and destination record
cp_harvest_records	harvest_capture	pods, residue, loss and energy	picking ticket, scale, loss sample and machine log	field; picking date; route; inlet state; pod mass; residue; loss; carrier; moisture; destination	record each picking and reconcile the linked campaign; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum mutually exclusive outputs over all pickings	kg; %; L; kWh; MJ	each picking	all pickings in crop cycle	each field and route	per declared reference flow	dated ticket, calibrated scale and loss protocol
cp_conditioning_records	primary_conditioning	pods, grain, chaff, reject and energy	lot mass and operation log	lot; pass; inlet and outlet mass; moisture; carrier; duration; reject; co-product; destination	weigh every inlet and exclusive outlet for each pass; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile moisture-aligned pass balances without duplicate returns	kg; %; kWh; MJ; h	each lot and pass	pod receipt through initial cleaning	each conditioning location	per declared reference flow	calibrated scale, moisture meter and closure sheet
cp_drying_records	final_drying	moist grain, stabilized grain, reject, water and energy	drying lot log and moisture test	lot; pass; inlet and outlet mass; wet-basis moisture; energy; duration; reject; stock change	test and weigh before and after every pass; Raw aggregation and attribution: calculate dry solids and water balance; link every return	kg; %; kWh; MJ; h	each lot and pass	drying intervention	each dryer or drying area	per declared reference flow	calibrated meter, scale and pass history
cp_grading_records	grading_handoff	accepted, downgraded, rework, reject and energy	grading ticket, test and run log	lot; run; pass; grade; moisture; foreign matter; insects; broken fraction; each mass; destination; energy	weigh and classify every exclusive output state; Raw aggregation and attribution: trace returns to origin and count final destinations once	kg; %; kWh; MJ	each lot, run and pass	grading through farm-gate hand-off	each grading location	per declared reference flow	ticket, test result, scale calibration and destination evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	all flows	normalized amount = represented amount × 1,000 / accepted farm-gate grain mass	represented amount; accepted mass	amount per 1,000 kg reference product	mass-balance-identity
calc_moisture_balance	pods and grain	dry solids = wet mass × (1 − wet-basis moisture fraction); water removed equals inlet water minus outlet water after rejects and stock change	inlet and outlet mass and moisture; reject; stock change	aligned dry solids and water removed	mass-balance-identity; fao-grain-drying-storage
calc_mass_closure	harvest and post-harvest nodes	moisture-aligned input = mutually exclusive outputs + measured loss or release + stock change, within disclosed uncertainty	all linked inlet, outlet, loss and stock records	node closure and unexplained difference	mass-balance-identity
calc_soil_n2o	managed soils	apply the disclosed IPCC tier to measured synthetic, organic, residue and other nitrogen activity; convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28	nitrogen activity and selected factors	kg N2O	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_field_records; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Retain species, crop year, class or colour, grade, moisture, foreign matter, insect damage, broken or split fraction and route.	farm-gate ticket and laboratory or calibrated field test
dq_traceability	all processes	Link each field, picking, lot, run, pass, return and final destination with stable identifiers.	field-to-lot trace and run history
dq_completeness	crop cycle	Cover all management events, every staggered picking, all conditioning passes, conditional drying, grading, rework and rejects.	event index and completeness reconciliation
dq_mass_balance	material nodes	Reconcile moisture-aligned inputs, intended outputs, residues, downgraded material, rework, rejects, losses, releases and stock changes.	closure worksheet with explained variance
dq_representativeness	published dataset	Report geography, season, fields, varieties or market classes, rainfed or irrigated share, picking routes, post-harvest technologies, drying share and aggregation weights.	metadata register and weighted lot index

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Require the stated product, Mass and unit-group UUIDs, 1,000 kg amount and every required qualifier.
validate_route_parent_delta	route variants	Require a named parent process and current evidence for every changed input, topology, calculation, data or validation requirement; reject mutually exclusive variants reported for the same field-lot.	iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009; iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018
validate_picking_completeness	harvest	For synchronized maturity require one declared picking; for staggered maturity require every dated picking and reconciliation to the field total.	iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009
validate_nutrient_cardinality	each process	Verify each actual exchange against its concrete flow UUID, physical state, property and unit; preserve explicit unresolved identities when confirmation is unavailable.
validate_output_handoffs	all output nodes	Require an exclusive hand-off for accepted, intended co-product, residue, downgraded, rework, reject and loss states and an explicit attribution decision for each intended co-product.	mass-balance-identity
validate_rework	conditioning, drying and grading	Link every off-spec state to another pass, downgrade, recovery or disposal; retain prior burdens and prevent it from also appearing as accepted output.	mass-balance-identity
validate_batch_accounting	fields, pickings, lots and runs	Require production-mode identifiers on inputs, outputs, cleaning and changeover events and assign every shared burden once.	mass-balance-identity
validate_drying	final drying	When the process is used, require inlet and outlet wet-basis moisture and mass, energy, pass history, rejects, water removed and mass closure; when omitted, require evidence that grain already met the hand-off condition.	fao-grain-drying-storage
validate_ranges	all Flow Cards	Check each supplied range for complete bounds, unit, basis, evidence and bilingual alignment. Require compatible quantitative evidence for any enforced limit. If no supported bound exists, retain measured quantities and explicitly report range screening unavailable; do not invent a range or declare that check complete. Investigate deviations rather than overwrite measured values.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground production dataset for mature dry cowpea grain at farm gate
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after representativeness review
allowed_use	LCA and footprint studies requiring unprocessed mature whole dry cowpea grain at farm gate
excluded_use	green pods or leaves, planting seed sold as seed, cooked or canned grain, flour, splits, industrial fractions, or undisclosed post-gate storage and processing
required_metadata	geography; crop year; field and lot coverage; species; variety or market class; colour; grade; moisture; foreign matter; insect damage; broken or split fraction; rainfed or irrigated share; picking pattern; conditioning and drying technology; output destinations; attribution method
required_quality_disclosure	primary-data coverage; calibration; sampling; missing data; provisional estimates; mass and moisture closure; factor versions; aggregation weights; range exceptions
update_trigger	material change in product boundary, platform identity, concrete flow identity verification

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
iita-west-africa-cowpea-2018	official_guidance	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Guide to cowpea production in West Africa, 2018, https://www.iita.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Cowpea-manualENGLISH.pdf	cowpea identity, field route, harvesting, threshing, cleaning and post-harvest handling
iita-farmers-guide-cowpea-2009	extension_guidance	IITA, Farmers' Guide to Cowpea Production in West Africa, https://biblio.iita.org/documents/U09aBkDugjeCowpeaNothomDev.PDF-b9aea89d10a5dd347edef9689d6d8a38.pdf	mature dry pod harvest, one versus repeated picking, threshing, winnowing and cleaning
fao-grain-drying-storage	official_guidance	FAO, Farm structures in tropical climates, Chapter 9: Crop handling, conditioning and storage, https://www.fao.org/4/s1250e/S1250E0u.htm	grain moisture, cleaning, drying and storage-condition distinction
fao-cowpea-postharvest	official_guidance	FAO INPhO, Cowpea: Post-harvest Operations, https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compendium_-_Cowpeas.pdf	cowpea insect damage, stabilization and reject states
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	managed-soil N2O activity data, calculation and factors
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied to moisture-aligned material inputs, outputs, losses, releases and stock change	mass closure, moisture calculation, hand-off, allocation and rework accounting