Off-machine aqueous mineral-pigment coating of purchased woodfree paper

1. Scope and Applicability

This method covers unprinted woodfree paper made by off-machine aqueous inorganic-pigment coating of purchased, dry, uncoated chemical-wood-pulp printing base paper. The actual product has one coated face (C1S) or two (C2S), each with its recorded layer sequence, GCC and/or coating-grade kaolin pigment and supplier-confirmed carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex binder. Oxidized starch and the individually identified auxiliaries below are included only when actually used. One-face and two-face routes share the same identity; they do not share an assumed coat weight or energy demand. Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015, upm-face-papers, valmet-electric-coating-drying.

The selected foreground route is receipt/unwinding, coating kitchen and screening, actual coating application and recirculation, electrically heated hot-air drying, optional unheated/cold calendering, reeling/slitting or sheeting, acceptance and dispatch. Electrical starch cooking is conditional. Dilute equipment wash effluent and concentrated colour rejects are collected separately for actual offsite treatment/recovery; there is no onsite wastewater treatment, combustion, steam supply or heat export in this route. Confirm the actual equipment and treatment contracts before applying the method. The cited equipment source demonstrates electric air-drying capability, not a particular mill installation or a universally emission-free product.

Exclude paperboard, corrugated/composite multi-sheet constructions, integrated pulp/base-paper manufacture, mechanical-fibre and recovered-fibre base-paper grades, already pigment-coated starting stock, impregnation/latex saturation, polymer-film laminating, barrier/release/thermal coats, printed or varnished finished articles, and gas/steam-heated dryers or heated calenders. These need their own applicability decision and complete additional methodology. Purchased substrate manufacture remains an upstream burden. No plant formulation, universal water fraction, efficiency, coat mass, loss or emission factor is supplied by this PCR; actual recipes and quantities come from the protocols below.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.pulp-paper-and-paper-products-printed-matter-and-related-articles.paper-and-paperboard-coated-with-kaolin-or-with-other-inorganic-substances
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 32143; narrower; scope and accepted decisions: classifications/mappings/cpc-3.0-to-pcr.yaml and its referenced ADRs
covered_products	Unprinted C1S/C2S woodfree paper with actual aqueous GCC/kaolin carboxylated-SB pigment coating, electric hot-air drying and any actual cold calendering
excluded_products	Board; integrated pulping/papermaking; mechanical/recovered-fibre substrate; incompatible coating, impregnation, lamination, printing, combustion/steam heating and heated calender routes
representative_product	Unprinted mineral-coated printing/label-face reel or sheet; a declared product grade, not a universal commercial recipe
production_route	Purchased dry uncoated woodfree base paper -> actual off-machine coating -> electric air drying -> optional cold calendering -> slitting/reeling/sheeting and dispatch
market_state	Accepted paper at actual delivery moisture, without adhesive label conversion; net mass excludes core/wrapper/film

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply unprinted mineral-coated paper substrate for the declared downstream printing/converting use
How much	1 kg accepted net paper at actual gate moisture
How well	Meet declared grade specification for grammage, thickness, coating sides/layers, surface finish, opacity/brightness, printability and moisture; no functional equivalence across grades is presumed
How long or cycle	One production-to-plant-gate delivery; no service life or number of prints assumed
reference_flow_link	product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	coated printing, writing and packaging paper faaae1a8-97af-4a26-bdb2-198abfc0d8e4
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	actual uncoated chemical-wood-pulp base-paper grade/furnish/fillers/sizing, supplier and water fraction; C1S/C2S and actual layer order per face; actual pigment mineral/ground versus precipitated route and grade; binder carboxylation and complete wet recipe/solid fractions; delivered grammage and thickness; net paper moisture on wet basis; electric hot-air dryer and actual cold-calender setting/bypass; reel/sheet state and packaging ledger; site/period; effluent recipients and upstream dataset boundaries

The broad reference UUID supports this mineral-coated physical subset, subject to these qualifiers; it does not prove recipe, route or a matching background process. Missing required qualifiers make the data package incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Reference amount is 1 kg net accepted paper including retained coating and actual water, excluding transport packaging. Collect accepted paper mass P using cp_output. Every inventory quantity and protocol aggregate is per 1 kg reference flow.
moisture_recipe	base_paper; product; recipe and wastes	Mass	kg	Use wet-basis water fraction w = water mass / whole wet mass. Dry matter = wet mass * (1-w). Keep base fibre/filler/sizing, coating solids and water distinct. An oven-loss result needs a paper/coating-appropriate validated method and correction for non-water volatiles; do not transplant a wood assay.
formulation_basis	gcc; kaolin; latex; starch; dispersant; lubricant; alkali; defoamer; coating_colour	Mass	kg	Declare whole delivered formulation versus isolated active/component basis and supplier reference quantity. Wet latex/dispersions are not dry polymer or mineral mass. Record each actual constituent, active fraction and carrier; never count complete upstream colour and the same included ingredients again.
water_conversion	water; effluent	Mass	kg	Convert measured liquid volume by measured actual density at its sampling state. Effluent density is not pure-water density. Composition water fraction remains separate from the whole effluent mass.
electricity_units	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Native electricity reference property is Net calorific value; convert metered kWh using 3.6 MJ/kWh. This is an energy-unit conversion, not a heating-value or dryer-efficiency assumption. Verify 1-35 kV supply/provider scope.
coating_area	product; recipe	Mass	kg	Measure substrate area A and retained dry coat weight c_s,l for each actual face/layer. Retained coat solids = A * sum(c_s,l) / 1000 when A is m2 and c_s,l is g/m2. Never automatically double a C1S coating quantity to obtain C2S.
air_bins	pm25; pm25_10; pm10plus; styrene	Mass	kg	Keep mutually exclusive particle bins, measured outdoor receiving medium and specified chemical mass definitions. Total VOC/as-carbon is not styrene mass. Quantities, controls and uncertainty require cp_air; no default positive releases.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased dry uncoated woodfree base paper, actual ingredients or complete colour, metered electricity/tap water and individually identified ancillary materials received at the coating site
starting_condition_role	Foreground gate-to-gate off-machine coating and finishing; upstream substrate and input production are represented by compatible background datasets
product_classification_scope	Physical C1S/C2S mineral-coated paper subset of CPC 3.0 32143, not the full paper-and-board leaf
recursive_input_rule	Internal colour recirculation and paper rework are internal links recorded at equal physical amounts on both ends. Purchased externally coated paper is not allowed as the base-paper input; external compatible uncoated paper is a measured input with its own upstream burden
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match actual substrate furnish/sizing/moisture, pigment processing and formulation, binder/additives, utility geography/voltage/quantity basis, packaging and each actual waste treatment. Include actual supplier-to-coating-site transport upstream for each material using measured mass, distance, mode and load; a supplier plant-gate dataset does not automatically include delivery. A physical UUID alone does not establish compatible production data
disclosure	Site/period, product/campaign mix, supplier boundaries, actual layers and formulation ledger, coating application, electric drying, cold calender/bypass, separately collected waste recipients, meter scope, stock changes, internal recovery, exclusions and unresolved provider substitutions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_operations	coating	Include receipt/unwinding, actual kitchen/screening, every coating pass, electric hot-air drying, optional cold calendering, cutting/reeling/sheeting, packing, dust extraction, cleaning, rejects and directly supporting electrical operations.	jrc-paper-bref-2015; valmet-electric-coating-drying
boundary_upstream	purchased inputs	Retain all supplier production burdens once. Do not enter upstream wood/pulp/base-paper ingredients again as onsite inputs; verify the supplier base-paper specification and boundary.	jrc-paper-bref-2015
boundary_formulation	coating_colour and ingredient rows	For each supplied colour lot choose one complete formulation background or one documented component reconstruction. Record its recipe for material/water/carbon balance in both cases. Include only additionally purchased onsite adjustments alongside a complete formulation background.	jrc-paper-bref-2015
boundary_effluent	effluent; coating_reject	Keep concentrated colour/filter rejects separate from dilute washes and attach actual external treatment. Do not report the whole external wastewater simultaneously as an elementary water/pollutant discharge from this foreground site. Any direct discharge or onsite treatment invalidates this route selection until fully modelled.	jrc-paper-bref-2015
boundary_real_route	drying and finishing	Apply only to confirmed electric air drying and actual cold calendering/bypass; do not omit a real steam cylinder, boiler, heated roll or supplementary fuel. A changed route needs explicit additional input/output and emissions methodology before use.	jrc-paper-bref-2015; valmet-electric-coating-drying

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
coating	Purchased base paper coating, electric drying and delivery	required	Declared physical/equipment route matches	Single aggregate foreground unit, with independently metered stage records and equal internal links	1 kg reference flow

Physical stage map: base-paper receipt/unwinding -> kitchen/screened colour and actual coating passes -> electric hot-air dryer -> actual cold calender or bypass -> dry slitting/reeling/sheeting -> acceptance/packing. Colour recirculation, recovered colour and same-paper rework remain internal measured loops. This aggregate avoids a second intermediate output using the final reference UUID; it preserves all stage measurements. Ancillary packaging leaves in its own physical rows. Rejects, captured dust, net outdoor emissions and external washes are measured at their actual exit points. All row quantities below are normalized to the same accepted paper mass; a row condition is not a zero-emission assumption.

Process: Purchased-paper coating and delivery (coating)

Inputs

Product flows

Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper (base_paper)

Purchased unprinted, unimpregnated chemical-wood-pulp paper of the actual supplier grade. Measure as-received net paper mass and moisture; verify coating suitability, fibre/filler/sizing composition and supplier boundary. Paperboard, mechanical-fibre grades and integrated wet-web supply are excluded.

• Selected flow: Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper 936bdcb2-06b6-4ee9-8e7c-2f7762aba298
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Calcium carbonate (gcc)

Conditional separate procurement: actual fine-ground CaCO3 pigment, with measured purity, particle distribution and delivered water fraction. The broad identity has no CAS or grinding specification and a calcareous-stone classification; provider compatibility requires supplier confirmation, not a generic limestone dataset. A wet slurry is not one kg dry CaCO3.

• Selected flow: Calcium carbonate dfce1026-0ad5-4362-87de-4b425a583e6b
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Paper-coating grade kaolin pigment (kaolin)

Conditional separate kaolin procurement. Record hydrous/calcined state, grade, mineral purity, particle size and water fraction. Mine-site and other-product hits do not establish a processed coating pigment identity.

• Selected flow: Paper-coating grade kaolin pigment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Aqueous carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex (latex)

Conditional separately purchased binder formulation: supplier-confirmed carboxylated SB latex with actual solids, water, residual monomers and auxiliaries. Record whole emulsion mass for a matching formulation dataset. The broad two-monomer styrene/butadiene polymer row does not establish this carboxylated aqueous formulation or its concentration.

• Selected flow: Aqueous carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Oxidized starch (starch)

Conditional separately added oxidized starch in the actual colour recipe. The native comment specifies starch oxidized with sodium hypochlorite under good manufacturing practice; actual material/oxidation route, grade and delivered water must match before using this locator. Its food-use context does not establish a paper-grade background or dosage. Other oxidation routes need another verified identity. Meter actual electric cooking and fresh water; do not infer dosage from literature examples or repeat upstream base-paper sizing.

• Selected flow: Oxidized starch 539d5015-900f-4778-89d1-499f7855edf9
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Sodium polyacrylate dispersant (dispersant)

Only if the actual recipe separately uses polymeric sodium polyacrylate. The native Sodium carboxylate family has no CAS or molecular-mass/form specification; its generic salt definition conditionally includes the actual polymeric sodium carboxylate, not proof of an exact polymer or supplier formulation. Supplier SDS/CoA must establish actual CAS, polymer structure, molecular-mass distribution, neutralization, grade, additives, water/active fraction and supplied physical state. Match the native mass reference and provider boundary to the actual isolated salt or complete supplied formulation; never substitute a small-molecule salt, monomer or polyacrylic acid background, or count a whole solution as dry polymer. In component reconstruction, carrier/auxiliary inputs need separate actual rows and quantities; in a matching whole-formulation background count included constituents only as composition observations.

• Selected flow: Sodium polyacrylate dispersant d1456413-4931-406b-95a1-c2c3193f38fe
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Calcium stearate coating lubricant (lubricant)

Only if separately added. Identify calcium stearate, grade, actual dispersion composition and active fraction. Neither sodium carboxylate nor calcium phosphate matches. Whole purchased dispersions require formulation-specific background; an active-only reconstruction includes carrier and auxiliaries once.

• Selected flow: Calcium stearate coating lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Sodium hydroxide (alkali)

Conditional actual solid industrial-grade procurement only; direct name specifies purity 95%-98%. Require the actual grade to meet that restriction, measure water/impurities and dissolution water. It is not an arbitrary caustic solution or pure active-NaOH mass. Other concentration/form requires its own verified identity.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Organic Silicone (defoamer)

Only separately procured primary PDMS fluid or a verified component reconstruction: the source is a broad primary polysiloxane family. Require supplier-confirmed PDMS species, primary route and pure-polymer quantity/provider basis. It does not identify a complete aqueous defoamer emulsion. Additional surfactant/carrier constituents need their own atomic rows if present.

• Selected flow: Organic Silicone 4af74934-ef9f-40c1-9de6-e6223ca0b4fe
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Purchased aqueous GCC/kaolin carboxylated-SB coating colour (coating_colour)

Alternative to reconstructing the components of that purchased lot: this is one complete supplied liquid formulation exchange, not a selector or the finished coated paper. Native Product Coating explicitly includes materials applied as liquids, without a hard material or supply route; it conditionally locates this actual aqueous mineral-pigment/carboxylated-SB colour, not an exact recipe. Confirm actual liquid phase, full pigment/binder/auxiliary/water composition, supplier boundary, lot assays and native whole-wet mass reference. Use measured whole wet mass only with a compatible complete upstream formulation dataset; an already applied dry layer or a generic paint background is not automatically compatible. All already included constituents are composition observations, not repeated inventory inputs. Separately purchased adjustments remain separate inputs. Background formulation and quantity compatibility remain pending until demonstrated.

• Selected flow: Purchased aqueous GCC/kaolin carboxylated-SB coating colour 59808a77-a33c-493f-8e5f-c0eb3e837943
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_recipe
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Alternating current (electricity)

One net imported electricity exchange; retain separate kitchen/cooker, coater, electric hot-air heater/fans, cold calender, slitter, extraction and packing meter records. Native identity requires 1-35 kV grid-average supply to user and its raw geography is CN. Confirm actual voltage, supplier region, reporting year, consumption mix and loss boundary; identifying physical alternating current does not establish a global or automatically matching background. Require a compatible actual supply dataset and native quantity basis; incompatible supply needs its own verified identity/provider decision. Native property is Net calorific value, MJ: metered kWh converts by 3.6 MJ/kWh without assigning fuel heating value.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015; valmet-electric-coating-drying

Tap water (water)

Fresh imported treated tap water for preparation and cleaning only, measured separately from water already in purchased emulsions/slurries. The reference property is Mass/kg; volumetric meters require actual density at measured state. Confirm source treatment and supplier boundary; internal recirculation is not a fresh import.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper (wrapper)

Conditional purchased uncoated paper wrapper of verified compatible grade; no plastic-laminated, impregnated or bag-converted material is represented by this row. Record moisture, supplier and actual mass; distinguish from the base-paper web.

• Selected flow: Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper 936bdcb2-06b6-4ee9-8e7c-2f7762aba298
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Polyethylene film (film)

Conditional actual polyethylene film, CAS9002-88-4, excluding PET and multilayer laminates. Its name/CAS/comment support film but source classification points to bags/luggage; disclose that defect and verify polymer, additives, thickness and supplier. Do not borrow source quantities.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Cardboard tube or Paper core (core)

Conditional paperboard tube/core procurement. Verify actual construction, adhesives, moisture, dimensions and supplier. Weigh full physical cores and keep return/reuse stock records; an environmental reuse factor does not shrink physical mass.

• Selected flow: Cardboard tube or Paper core 78bf7f6e-519e-4b3d-82f0-eda15b2fee61
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Steel paper-coating doctor blade (blade)

Conditional actual steel coater blade replacement. Record alloy, any hard surface treatment, dimensions, mass, purchased replacements and service interval. A steel saw blade or machinery component is not a paper-coating blade. Other actual knives, roll covers, lubricant oils or cleaning agents require separately specified rows and verified quantities.

• Selected flow: Steel paper-coating doctor blade
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Outputs

Product flows

coated printing, writing and packaging paper (product)

One finished reference product after coating, drying, any actual cold calendering, reeling/cutting and acceptance. It is unprinted, not laminated/impregnated, and contains the actual retained coating plus water. The broad record also describes varnish examples but has no mandatory varnish/printing route; use only this physically delimited mineral-coated subset with supplier/product evidence.

• Selected flow: Finished unprinted aqueous mineral-coated woodfree paper faaae1a8-97af-4a26-bdb2-198abfc0d8e4
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: fixed_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: method_formula
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper (wrapper_shipped)

Ancillary packaging physically shipped with the reference paper; record full delivered mass separately. It is excluded from net paper mass and is not a saleable co-product for allocation. Retain returns, stock changes and separate discards in the dispatch ledger.

• Selected flow: Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper 936bdcb2-06b6-4ee9-8e7c-2f7762aba298
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Polyethylene film (film_shipped)

Ancillary packaging physically shipped with the reference paper; record full delivered mass separately. It is excluded from net paper mass and is not a saleable co-product for allocation. Retain returns, stock changes and separate discards in the dispatch ledger.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Cardboard tube or Paper core (core_shipped)

Ancillary packaging physically shipped with the reference paper; record full delivered mass separately. It is excluded from net paper mass and is not a saleable co-product for allocation. Retain returns, stock changes and separate discards in the dispatch ledger.

• Selected flow: Cardboard tube or Paper core 78bf7f6e-519e-4b3d-82f0-eda15b2fee61
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pack
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Waste flows

waste paper (unspecified) (broke)

Actual unreworked coating rejects and trim sent to recycling/treatment. Record moisture, fibre, pigment/binder contamination and recipient. Internal reuse or rework is neither fresh input nor external waste; offsite pulp recycling requires its actual treatment dataset.

• Selected flow: waste paper (unspecified) f140a5a2-5318-4d06-956f-a87b9c6fda25
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Waste paint, water-based (coating_reject)

Segregated actual unrecovered colour/filter rejects from this water-based surface coating. Measure whole wet waste mass, water, pigment/binder composition and recipient acceptance; do not call this generic biological paper sludge. Recovered colour returning internally is not an external waste.

• Selected flow: Waste paint, water-based 3ec596f0-fe78-40d3-be98-8ef4e3cb99e5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Waste liquid (effluent)

Separate actual diluted cleaning effluent sent to a contracted offsite treatment route; the broad liquid-waste identity includes industrial wastewater. Record whole wet mass from weighing or measured volume times actual effluent density, pollutant concentrations/loads and water fraction. Do not use manganese-slag wastewater or treat the whole liquid as pure water. No direct freshwater discharge is represented here.

• Selected flow: Waste liquid bdfc32cf-8028-40a8-a2e4-2d73422ece34
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Dust (captured_dust)

Actual separately captured solids from dry handling, coating-pigment handling and cutting. Measure full dry/wet mass, fibre/mineral composition and recipient. Captured-and-reused dust is an internal loop, and collected dust is not ambient PM emission.

• Selected flow: Dust 2a6c9b60-a075-45ec-b611-c3b4dd255935
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Spent steel paper-coating doctor blade (spent_blade)

Only one actual spent steel paper-coating doctor blade stream sent externally is represented. Native Waste solid explicitly includes discarded industrial material, scrap metal and machinery, with no prescribed treatment route; this is a conditional physical locator, not a fabrication-offcut or machine-shop-swarf background. Preserve measured whole solid mass, actual alloy, dimensions, surface coating, moisture and adhered coating-colour residues, replacement/dispatch records, legal waste status, recipient acceptance and actual treatment. Each distinct actual blade or separately collected residue needs its own physical record. Match recipient composition, recovery/treatment boundary and native whole-mass reference before linking data; do not assume clean steel, treatment, saleable coproduct status or avoided credit.

• Selected flow: Spent steel paper-coating doctor blade 851fd235-5a89-4cf9-b7da-5c278ed1dcbb
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

Elementary flows

water vapour (evaporated_water)

Actual evaporation reaching outdoor air from electric air drying/cooking, after any condensation/recovery. Determine a measured water balance and validate it against exhaust humidity/flow when available; use emitted water mass, not all purchased water. Native medium is air, unspecified, not water resource or freshwater effluent.

• Selected flow: water vapour fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac04-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

particles (PM2.5) (pm25)

Only actual emitted particle mass in the <=2.5 micrometre aerodynamic bin from cutting or pigment handling, after controls. Include fugitive and exhaust pathways without counting worker exposure as an environmental exchange. No default positive factor.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (pm25_10)

Actual exclusive >2.5 to <=10 micrometre bin. If only nested PM10 and PM2.5 are monitored, subtract matched-period matched-method quantities, document uncertainty and reject a negative result; never add PM10 to these exclusive bins.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

particles (> PM10) (pm10plus)

Actual exclusive >10 micrometre bin, derived only from compatible measured total suspended particulate and PM10 quantities or direct size-resolved measurements. Captured dust is excluded. Missing size distribution is an explicit gap, not zero.

• Selected flow: particles (> PM10) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a70a-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

styrene (styrene)

Conditional actual styrene CAS100-42-5 released from the declared SB binder/recipe; verify fossil provenance, residual monomer assay and speciated exhaust mass after controls. Polymer input is not emitted monomer. A total VOC/as-carbon measurement is not kg styrene; add each other actual species separately. No assumed positive emission.

• Selected flow: styrene 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9910-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Actual attributable period exchange amount / accepted net paper mass P, reported per 1 kg reference flow. Conditional rows require actual use/release evidence.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-paper-bref-2015

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	all inventory rows	Subdivide by physically recorded campaign/grade and meter scope first. Attribute kitchen/dryer/finisher and shared support by documented causal physical drivers using cp_energy/cp_material. A chosen driver needs plant evidence and uncertainty disclosure; this PCR supplies no generic allocation fraction.	jrc-paper-bref-2015
allocation_burdens	all inventory rows	Maintain a full pre-allocation physical flow/mass/water/carbon ledger and a separate attributed environmental burden ledger. Preserve whole output/waste/packaging and equal internal transfers; do not multiply physical co-product quantities by a burden-allocation fraction.
allocation_recovery	broke; coating_reject; captured_dust; packaging	Internal rework/recovery is neither a purchased avoided-product credit nor an external output. Record external waste treatment and separately identified actual saleable downgraded material according to legal product/waste status, receiver-accepted specifications, actual function/use and recipient contracts. Payment alone does not establish product status. A genuine product requires its own compatible Product flow identity; do not relabel a Waste flow exchange merely because it earns revenue. If a saleable co-product remains inseparable, document a reviewed physical relationship or justified economic sensitivity before dataset acceptance; never relabel waste solely to earn credit.
allocation_packaging	wrapper_shipped; film_shipped; core_shipped	Shipped ancillary packaging is not a marketable co-product and creates no allocation share. Reuse burdens follow a documented return/life evidence ledger, while full physical masses remain unchanged.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

Use one declared continuous reporting period that captures actual campaigns, grade changes, cleaning, startup/shutdown and rejects. Do not mix unmatched periods; disclose excluded downtime, material stocks and shared-meter boundaries. P is the sum of accepted net paper produced in that period at its measured actual moisture, excluding all cores and wrappers. The physical ledger also records shipments and accepted stock change. Each protocol below aggregates its attributable totals / P, per 1 kg reference flow. No actual plant data have been supplied with this methodology.

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_output	coating	accepted paper	weighing and quality records	campaign; grade; net paper P; gross/tare/core/wrapper masses; accepted stocks; moisture w; grammage; area A; coating sides/layers; finish; acceptance/reject record	Calibrated reel/sheet weighing with component tare; representative sealed moisture/solids samples and validated paper/coating-appropriate laboratory method; cross-check moisture scanner and area/grammage	kg; m2; g/m2; wet-basis fraction	Each accepted lot and representative samples	Full declared reporting period	Selected coating line and same accepted grades	per 1 kg reference flow	Scale calibration, sample custody, laboratory method/volatile correction and acceptance specification
cp_material	coating	base paper and blade	receipts, stock, issues and maintenance	lot; actual grade/composition; opening/closing stock; receipts; returns; line issues; net mass; moisture; blade alloy/treatment and replacements	Weigh or trace supplier-certified receipt/issue masses; reconcile stock and maintenance records; verify supplier production scope	kg	Each lot/issue/change	Same declared reporting period	Selected line/campaign and attributed shared maintenance	per 1 kg reference flow	Supplier CoA, invoices, calibrated scales and reconciliation
cp_recipe	coating	each pigment, binder, additive or complete colour	lot recipe and analytical records	supplier formulation; SDS/CoA; constituent identity; batch wet mass; solids/water/active fractions; pigment route/size; each face/layer; retained dry coat; residual monomers; stocks; recirculation/recovery; background basis	Verify actual recipe by supplier documents and lot assays; weigh each preparation addition; measure solids/moisture and retained coat by validated grade-specific differential/assay methods; distinguish complete procurement from component reconstruction	kg; g/m2; dimensionless fractions	Each recipe/lot/layer and change	Same declared reporting period	Actual coating kitchen, each coating face/pass and its purchased lots	per 1 kg reference flow	Lot assays, recipe reconciliation, background boundary and retained-coat tests
cp_energy	coating	electricity	meter records	voltage; supplier/mix/year; import meter; stage submeters; cooker/heater/fans/coater/calender/slitter/extraction/packing; startups; shared drivers	Read calibrated electrical meters; reconcile master and stage totals and justified causal shared-use attribution; record actual dryer and unheated calender/bypass equipment	kWh; MJ	Continuous with campaign reconciliation	Same declared reporting period	Entire selected foreground including actual stage support	per 1 kg reference flow	Meters, utility contracts, equipment heat-source records and shared-use evidence
cp_water	coating	fresh tap water	meter and density records	fresh volume or mass; actual temperature/density; kitchen/cleaning use; recipe-carrier water; recirculation; opening/closing tanks; water recovery	Use calibrated meter/weighing and measured supply density at state; keep fresh, carrier, internal and recovered water separate	kg; m3; kg/m3	Continuous meters and representative density samples	Same declared reporting period	Actual fresh-water interface and kitchen/cleaning	per 1 kg reference flow	Meter calibration, density samples and water reconciliation
cp_pack	coating	each wrapper, film and core input/output	purchase and dispatch ledger	material; construction; physical mass; opening/closing stock; issues; shipped mass; damage/discards; full returned core mass; reuse cycles; supplier	Weigh each actual packaging component and reconcile purchases, stocks, dispatch and returns independently of net paper mass	kg	Each shipment/lot and return	Same declared reporting period	Packing and dispatch/returns interfaces	per 1 kg reference flow	Mass/tare records, supplier specifications and separate return/discard receipts
cp_waste	coating	each external waste stream	weighing, analysis and recipient records	whole wet mass; actual density/volume; water/solids; fibre/pigment/binder; COD and relevant species/load; blade alloy/coating; recipient and treatment; internal recovery	Separately weigh external broke, concentrated colour, dilute wash, captured dust and worn blades; analyze representative fractions and recipient-required pollutants; validate transport/treatment receipts	kg; m3; kg/m3; mg/L	Each dispatch plus representative samples/cleaning events	Same declared reporting period	Each actual waste exit and recipient	per 1 kg reference flow	Weighbridge/lab reports, treatment contracts, contaminant acceptance and stock closure
cp_air	coating	each actual outdoor elementary emission	emissions testing and water balance	dryer/cutting/handling path; controls; outdoor medium; exhaust flow; wet/dry standard state; concentrations/species; times; water balance; humidity; exclusive particle bins; detection/uncertainty	Use representative accredited source/fugitive monitoring and time/flow-integrated mass; validate evaporation with measured water balance and humidity; match particle methods/periods before subtraction; preserve all detected species	kg; mg/m3; m3/time; time	Representative campaigns/control states with operating duration	Same declared reporting period	Actual post-control exhaust and fugitive site exits	per 1 kg reference flow	Sampling/flow method, blanks/detection limits, control operation and mass-balance uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_period	all inventory rows	n_i = attributable period exchange amount A_i / accepted net paper mass P; record n_i per 1 kg reference flow. P includes actual gate water and coating, excludes all packaging. Reference output is 1 kg.	A_i; P; cp_output; applicable collection protocol	n_i
net_consumption	input rows	External consumption = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - external returns; reconcile issues, spills and internally recovered quantities separately. Do not add recirculation throughput to external consumption.	cp_material; cp_recipe; cp_water; cp_pack	actual external consumption
paper_composition	product	Accepted dry paper = P * (1-w_product); retained dry base solids plus retained dry coating solids must equal that value within documented measurement uncertainty. P*w_product is retained product water. Measure base dry solids and each coating ingredient retention; do not assume every consumed ingredient is retained.	cp_output; cp_recipe; cp_material	accepted fibre/mineral/polymer/additive and water ledger
coating_solids	product; gcc; kaolin; latex; starch; dispersant; lubricant; alkali; defoamer; coating_colour	Retained dry coat = A * sum(c_s,l) / 1000; cross-check with independent ingredient solids input, externally lost solids and colour/paper stock change. Keep actual C1S/C2S layers distinct and whole-colour constituents only in the composition ledger when their complete background is used.	cp_recipe; cp_output	retained coating solids and constituents
water_closure	evaporated_water; water; effluent	Input water in base paper, every delivered formulation and fresh supply + opening water stocks = retained product water + external waste water fractions + net outdoor evaporation + closing stocks + other measured external water exits. Condensation/internal recovery is not a new external input. Investigate residuals against uncertainty; never force missing data to evaporation.	cp_output; cp_recipe; cp_material; cp_water; cp_waste; cp_air	separate physical water ledger
carbon_closure	base_paper; product; recipe; wastes; styrene	Track biogenic fibre/starch carbon and fossil polymer/additive carbon separately by actual assays or supplier composition, and reconcile product, waste, emission and stock changes. No assumed cellulose-carbon fraction or combustion CO2 is imposed. Upstream/external-treatment datasets must retain their actual biogenic CO2 exchanges even if an impact reporting convention treats them separately.	cp_material; cp_recipe; cp_output; cp_waste; cp_air	separate physical carbon ledger
air_load	pm25; pm25_10; pm10plus; styrene	For each matched measured species/bin, integrate concentration * compatible exhaust flow * operating duration with recorded unit/state conversions and divide period mass by P. Report fugitive mass separately before summing the same species; do not add VOC totals to speciated VOC or PM10 totals to exclusive bins.	cp_air; cp_output	actual speciated outdoor emissions per reference flow
complete_period_normalization	all inventory rows	Every existing campaign, batch or lot amount rule and linked collection protocol uses one documented complete reporting-period pool for the same declared product, grade, route, configuration, site and reference state. Accepted-lot wording identifies the denominator only; retain all attributable startup, shutdown, wholly failed or zero-output batches, rejects, work in progress and rework in the raw native-unit numerator records. Count reworked reference product once only when finally accepted. Sum each attributable exchange over this matched pool, divide once by its strictly positive accepted reference-product quantity in the declared denominator unit, and scale to the declared reference quantity. Do not average batch ratios, drop a failed batch, pool unrelated products/periods or replace native numerator units. If the entire matched pool has no accepted output, retain the unnormalized absolute inventory and require review; issue no normalized result or fabricated output. Preserve stock/return and physical-transfer ledgers independently of burden allocation; allocation never removes already-incurred failed/rework activity.	all linked raw collection protocols; accepted reference-product pool; stock and rework links	native exchange unit per declared reference quantity; zero-output pool remains unnormalized

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_identity	all rows	Verify actual physical material, complete recipe, wet/dry state and every hard native route/concentration/voltage qualification. Resolve blank UUID rows before linking background data; record actual supplier/recipient compatibility separately from identity.	Supplier assays/specifications, native identity and background boundary
quality_closure	all rows	Reconcile period-specific physical mass, water, carbon, layer retention, equal internal transfers and packaging with uncertainty. Preserve pre-allocation ledger separately.	All protocol records and documented residual investigation
quality_emissions	elementary rows	Distinguish measured absence, below detection, omitted pathway and missing measurement; quantify compatible particle bins and chemical masses. Add each additional actual detected species as its own row.	Representative monitoring, controls, scope and detection report
quality_complete	all rows	Declare actual recipe additions, cleaners, blade/roll/knife maintenance, packaging discards and other consumed materials as additional atomic rows when present. This inventory is a selected route core, not permission to omit actual exchanges or infer zero for blanks.	Stock/maintenance/SDS completeness audit
quality_sources	all rows	Do not transfer historical BREF mill numbers, supplier marketing savings or another product recipe as defaults. Quantitative data use actual recorded period/grade and applicable upstream boundary.	Source applicability and original collection records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	product	Exactly one final reference product output is 1 kg accepted net wet paper. No intermediate output reuses its UUID; packaging is excluded from P and tracked at full mass. Required physical/route qualifiers must be complete.
validate_formulation	all recipe rows	Require actual constituent identities/assays, C1S/C2S layer masses and retained moisture. Reject double counting complete purchased colour versus included ingredients, arbitrary active/wet conversion, pigment-route substitution or a fabricated recipe.	jrc-paper-bref-2015
validate_measurement	all inventory rows	Every row, collection aggregation and calculation must normalize to the same P and period, with the actual native reference property and compatible supplier quantity basis. Unknown density/solids/provider scope stays unresolved.
validate_boundary	coating	Verify actual electric drying, cold calender/bypass and external effluent route. A real boiler/steam/heated calender/onsite treatment/direct discharge cannot be hidden; reject application of this route until complete additional methodology is available.	jrc-paper-bref-2015; valmet-electric-coating-drying
validate_emissions	elementary rows; captured_dust	Verify species/CAS, outdoor-air receiving subcompartment, property/unit and bound source measurements. Keep captured dust separate from emitted dust, mutually exclusive particle bins and speciated VOC; no correction flow or assumed positive emission. If actual receiving subcompartment is known, use its corresponding verified identity rather than an unspecified-air default.
validate_balances	all inventory rows	Check physical solids/water/carbon and packaging closures, equal internal links and distinct allocated burdens. Disclose unexplained gaps and uncertainty; do not force a balance by altering output mass or deleting biogenic CO2 from supplier/treatment inventories.
validate_readiness	all rows	Unresolved flow identities, scientific review, missing actual collection or incompatible background bases must remain explicit. This candidate methodology is not independent approval, actual plant validation or publication.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground off-machine coating process; downstream secondary_dataset or background_dataset only after actual data qualification
downstream_use	Declared unprinted mineral-coated paper input to printing/converting; compatible grade and wet-reference basis
allowed_use	Physical subset and actual electric-air/cold-finishing/external-waste route after qualifiers, collection and provider compatibility are complete
excluded_use	Full CPC leaf coverage; integrated paper/pulp or board routes; different heat sources, coatings/lamination; comparative claims across unmatched paper functions; treating candidate status as review/publication
required_metadata	Actual product/site/period; base grade/furnish and suppliers; full wet formulation and layers; moisture/grammage; equipment and energy; measured quantity bases; packing/returns; waste recipients; internal links; upstream references; allocation ledger and original protocols
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement uncertainty/coverage; unmeasured exchanges and blank identities; native metadata defects; provider-basis gaps; source applicability; allocation sensitivity; separate biogenic/fossil carbon; scientific and translation review states
update_trigger	Actual recipe/base grade/layers/moisture/route/supply voltage/provider/treatment/packaging changes; new measurement or contradictory identity evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
jrc-paper-bref-2015	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Production of Pulp, Paper and Board (2015), DOI 10.2791/370629; official PDF, printed pp.48-50, 665, 667-670 (PDF86-88,703,705-708)	Papermaking monitoring context; broke interface; coating ingredients, application, recovery/wash segregation and possible VOC; calendering and cutting dust. Descriptive route support only: no historical factory values, recipes, efficiencies or BAT limits adopted as generic quantities. Onsite papermaking/broke repulping is excluded here.
valmet-electric-coating-drying	handbook	Valmet coating drying for board and paper machines, section Replacing gas with electricity, publisher page snapshot 2026-10-11	Electric-heated coating air-dryer capability; no claimed efficiency/savings factor, product-zero-emission claim or particular mill installation. Actual equipment/meter evidence remains mandatory.
upm-face-papers	handbook	UPM Specialty Materials Face papers, introductory product portfolio, publisher page snapshot 2026-10-11	Producer example of C1S/C2S and woodfree uncoated paper market states; no producer recipe, process inventory or proof of this selected factory route.