Unbleached hardwood NSSC fluting paper from supplied pulp

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers a bounded supplied-pulp papermaking route for unbleached single-ply fluting reels before corrugation. All supplied fibre is virgin hardwood sodium-NSSC pulp, with actual species, cooking/recovery route and moisture disclosed. Same-grade in-house broke may circulate internally. The mill supplies its own measured recipe and emissions; different fibres or pulping methods do not share quantities by assumption. [jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; valmet-nssc; fefco-paper-production]

Pulping is supplied through qualified upstream data, not erased from cradle-to-gate accounting. This route uses external steam, grid electricity and treated network water. BREF Figure 4.2 and Heinola describe an integrated mill, including an additional carton-clipping stream; that historical case supports process understanding only and is not a recipe for this virgin-only supplied-pulp foreground. All actual wet-end formulations and treatment conditions must be disclosed. No default moisture, yield, chemical dose, emission factor or CMT/SCT threshold is specified.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.pulp-paper-and-paper-products-printed-matter-and-related-articles.fluting-paper-including-straw-and-semi-chemical
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 32134; narrower; scope and accepted decisions: classifications/mappings/cpc-3.0-to-pcr.yaml and its referenced ADRs
covered_products	Single-ply unbleached hardwood NSSC fluting paper reels from externally supplied pulp; same-grade internal broke permitted
excluded_products	Straw/non-wood fluting; recovered-fibre fluting; CTMP/TMP/kraft furnish; coated or surface-sized medium; linerboard; corrugated paperboard and boxes; integrated pulping foreground
representative_product	One accepted net uncoated NSSC reel before corrugation; no mandated mill recipe or producer average
production_route	Supplied sodium-sulphite/carbonate hardwood NSSC pulp → slushing, screening, refining and stock blending → conditional actual wet-end dry-strength/retention/antifoam dosing → approach flow, forming, pressing, steam-cylinder drying → slitting, rewinding and dispatch; water/fibre recovery and actual effluent treatment
market_state	Unconverted, unpacked net saleable reel at mill gate, before the corrugator; cores and packaging inventoried separately

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Net accepted fluting paper for the corrugated-board medium, before the corrugator
How much	1 kg
How well	Unbleached single-ply hardwood NSSC reel with actual grammage, thickness, moisture, furnish/chemical state and purchaser compression test requirements declared
How long or cycle	One common reporting-period production normalized to the reference flow; no box service-life claim
reference_flow_link	fluting_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Fluting paper, including straw and semi-chemical 823c2026-8c74-4f63-b775-88abe4098204
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	virgin hardwood species/origin; sodium-NSSC route and recovery system; upstream supplier; pulp delivered solids and reference basis; single-ply uncoated/no surface or hydrophobic sizing; actual chemical formulation; grammage; thickness; moisture/test basis; reel form; CMT/SCT method and purchaser target; net core/wrap exclusions; site; period; utility and effluent routes

Required qualifiers must be present in dataset metadata or equivalent product/process notes; missing qualifiers make applicability incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	fluting_output	Mass	kg	Use net accepted paper mass at measured declared moisture after final slitting/rewinding. Exclude core, wrapping, off-spec and internal broke.
reference_denominator	all inventory rows	Mass	kg	Use per 1 kg reference flow for every row and linked protocol, based on the same reporting period; maintain wet/dry balance separately.
pulp_basis	nssc_pulp	Mass	kg	Reconcile received wet pulp, oven-dry solids and supplier AD/other basis from measured solids and declared upstream reference dryness; the pulp record specifies no universal dryness.
steam_quantity	drying_steam	Gross calorific value	MJ	Retain measured steam/return mass, pressure, temperature and enthalpy in the physical ledger; convert to provider-reference MJ only with documented k_bg linking net heat to its reference, never default k_bg=1.
emission_bases	cod_water, bod_water, tn_water, tp_water, ww_n2o, ww_ammonia	Mass	kg	Preserve kg oxygen-equivalent COD/BOD, kg N for TN and kg P for TP, and molecule mass for N2O/NH3; document any conversion from element-based laboratory reports.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Virgin hardwood sodium-NSSC pulp delivered to the papermaking input boundary, with wet/dry basis and supplier chain documented
starting_condition_role	Upstream intermediate supplied pulp; not an exemption for pulping burdens
product_classification_scope	Only the specified NSSC subset of CPC 32134, before corrugation; no full-leaf equivalence
recursive_input_rule	Own wet/dry broke and recovered white-water fibres remain internal; no credit or saleable-output count for recirculation. Purchased finished fluting or externally recovered paper is outside this route.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require route-specific pulp including hardwood sourcing, NSSC chemicals/defibration, actual spent-liquor recovery, emissions and delivery; actual grid, steam, water, chemicals, packaging and waste-treatment providers with compatible quantities
disclosure	Site, period, grade, pulp origin/route, moisture, papermaking and treatment scope, utility delivery/return definitions, internal loops, cutoffs, allocation and gaps; an integrated mill must separately qualify its upstream pulp module before reuse

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_route	papermaking	Include receipt/slushing, screening, refining, stock/chemical preparation, forming, pressing, drying, ventilation, water/fibre recovery, slitting/rewinding and dispatch. One aggregate papermaking unit avoids duplicate product outputs; retain independent stage meters and unallocated physical links.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; fefco-paper-production
boundary_upstream	pulp supply	This is supplied-pulp papermaking, not an inventory of an integrated NSSC mill. Do not transfer Heinola quantities or imply its integrated site is non-integrated. A linked, qualified upstream pulp module covers cooking, defibration, washing and the actual recovery route; missing burdens are disclosed and block complete cradle-to-gate use.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; valmet-nssc
boundary_utilities	utility supply	This route purchases grid electricity, treated network water and drying steam. Onsite fuel-fired boilers, CHP and own abstraction need additional qualified processes and atomic flows; do not omit them while calling this route complete. Match steam pressure and supplier heat/return basis; record no automatic condensate credit.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
boundary_treatment	effluent treatment	Include onsite treatment when present; raw_effluent_out and raw_effluent_in are an equal internal link. For external treatment, remove the onsite module from the instantiated model and require a receiver-specific treatment dataset; final emissions belong to the treating unit, never to both.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
boundary_exclusions	downstream conversion	End at saleable unconverted fluting reels. Corrugator conditioning/fluting, adhesive bonding to liners, board cutting and box conversion are separate downstream product systems. Capital and maintenance coverage must follow declared study requirements; any actual recurrent material or emission missing here requires a separately documented atomic row before completeness is claimed.	fefco-paper-production; jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
nssc_papermaking	Supplied NSSC pulp to finished fluting reels	required	Within the declared supply route	foreground; independent stage metering within one unit	per 1 kg reference flow
effluent_treatment	Actual onsite effluent treatment	conditional	Onsite clarification/biological treatment exists; otherwise require external receiver data	foreground treatment; matched internal transfer	per 1 kg reference flow

The papermaking stage ledger retains receipt/slushing → refining/approach flow → forming/pressing → drying → slitting/rewinding/packaging, with internal white-water, same-grade broke, fibre and condensate links recorded at equal quantity on both ends. These are physical balances inside nssc_papermaking, not extra saleable reference-product outputs. Chemical rows apply only when their named formulation is actually used; absence needs evidence. Other actual formulations, maintenance materials or emissions require separate atomic additions before an instantiated dataset is called complete.

Process: NSSC papermaking and reel dispatch (nssc_papermaking)

Inputs

Product flows

Paper Pulp (nssc_pulp)

External virgin hardwood pulp made by sodium-sulphite/carbonate NSSC cooking followed by mechanical defibration, washing and refining. The broad wood-based virgin-pulp identity is used only with this narrower route. Measure receipt wet mass, solids and supplier reference basis; no kraft, CTMP, straw or recovered pulp substitution.

• Selected flow: Paper Pulp 6752b268-93a1-4dca-b098-3f3afa7eaddf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; fefco-paper-production

Alternating current (paper_electricity)

Purchased grid-average alternating current at a verified 1–35 kV site supply connection. Submeter papermaking demand and retain attributable internal transformation losses; use the actual country/year background, not a generic emission factor. The source flow declares CN; physical voltage identification does not establish geographic/temporal supply compatibility. Reassess the identity and provider if the actual site differs.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Heat from steam (drying_steam)

Purchased industrial-boiler steam heat for paper drying and actual starch cooking. This physical heat identity has no specified pressure; require measured supply pressure, temperature, quality, steam mass, condensate return and supplier quantity basis. Its Gross calorific value label does not prove delivered net enthalpy or a universal kg-to-MJ conversion. Keep the physical steam/return mass ledger and qualify k_bg before using provider-reference MJ; do not adopt the source benchmark demand.

• Selected flow: Heat from steam cbc1f372-5c64-4ad5-a938-89b9396758c9
• Flow property / unit: Gross calorific value / MJ
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-14da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Provider-reference Gross calorific value MJ divided by same-period net accepted paper kg; retain actual k_bg, net-enthalpy conversion and physical supply/return mass separately.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Tap water (makeup_water)

Treated network tap water only. Meter fresh papermaking makeup separately from internally circulating white water and ww_makeup_water. Own raw-water abstraction requires a separate verified resource flow and treatment inventory before this method can be applied. The full source name locates production at a Hong Kong water-treatment plant; require actual provider/geographic compatibility or reassess the flow. Its secondary screening density is not a mill measurement.

• Selected flow: Tap water 3a8411b6-e476-4f98-9d77-0d492661a07f
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

corn starch (dry_strength_starch)

Conditional: unmodified corn starch used at the wet end for dry strength. Record actual received powder mass, moisture and cooking losses. No transfer of a database preparation concentration into the mill recipe; chemically modified starch or surface sizing needs a separately assessed exchange and scope.

• Selected flow: corn starch 982918a4-54b1-4792-9ee5-2f3155d4e929
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) (retention_pam)

Conditional: cationic polyacrylamide retention aid. Record supplier grade, ionic character, dry polymer fraction and carrier; preserve received formulation mass and dry-polymer mass separately, and do not link a solution quantity to a dry-polymer background; never substitute anionic PAM or polyamine. Include the entire supplied formulation through compatible background data, with no uncounted carrier.

• Selected flow: cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) ccf600a4-35af-45d6-95b3-cb58590a579f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Polydimethylsiloxane-based aqueous antifoam emulsion (defoamer_pdms)

Conditional: an actually used PDMS aqueous antifoam emulsion, with composition, delivered mass and solids measured. Neat silicone, silica and silicone adhesive are not the emulsion; no precise UUID is established. Other antifoam chemistries need separate rows.

• Selected flow: Polydimethylsiloxane-based aqueous antifoam emulsion
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Cardboard tube or Paper core (reel_core)

Conditional: the paperboard reel core actually leaves with the accepted reel. Weigh core mass separately and exclude it from net paper output; supplier construction and end-of-life are declared. Record actual paperboard furnish and manufacture. Reuse-related burden allocation cannot reduce the physical core mass delivered, returned or discarded.

• Selected flow: Cardboard tube or Paper core 78bf7f6e-519e-4b3d-82f0-eda15b2fee61
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper (kraft_wrapping)

Conditional actual unbleached uncoated kraft reel wrapper, excluding coated, laminated or converted bags/boxes. The complete name includes packaging paper, while the source graphic-paper classification is inconsistent metadata requiring clarification. Retain this broad physical locator only for the documented kraft sheet grade, furnish, coating state, mass and supplier background; the UUID does not establish kraft production burdens.

• Selected flow: Uncoated printing, writing and packaging paper 936bdcb2-06b6-4ee9-8e7c-2f7762aba298
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Polyethylene film (pe_wrapping)

Conditional: actual polyethylene film, CAS 9002-88-4, leaving with the reel. Check PE resin subtype, film grade and supplier; the source classification has an erroneous luggage code, so physical identity is retained with metadata clarification outstanding. The complete purchased packaging formulation includes actual additives; a resin-component background alone cannot represent the entire film. The comment mentions PET as a comparison, not as the selected PE polymer.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Outputs

Product flows

Fluting paper, including straw and semi-chemical (fluting_output)

The only reference-product output: accepted single-ply unbleached hardwood NSSC fluting reels, uncoated and without a surface-size press or hydrophobic wet-end sizing. The broad fluting flow contains this subset; it does not authorize straw or recycled recipes. Weigh after final slitter-winder, excluding cores and transport wrapping.

• Selected flow: Fluting paper, including straw and semi-chemical 823c2026-8c74-4f63-b775-88abe4098204
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; fefco-paper-production

Condensate returned to steam supplier (condensate_return)

Conditional: measured liquid condensate returned across the boundary to the steam supplier. Record mass, temperature and return pressure; match the supplier return convention. Internal condensate circulation is an internal link, not a second external utility purchase or credit.

• Selected flow: Condensate returned to steam supplier
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Waste flows

Waste solid (screen_reject)

Actual separately exported wet NSSC fibre/shive screening solids. The broad solid-waste identity includes wet residues but determines neither composition, hazard status nor treatment. Measure whole wet mass, water/dry solids, fibre and contaminants and verify the recipient. Internally re-refined material remains an internal physical loop, not exported waste.

• Selected flow: Waste solid 851fd235-5a89-4cf9-b7da-5c278ed1dcbb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

waste paper (unspecified) (discarded_broke)

Only uncoated same-grade broke actually exported or discarded. Internal wet/dry broke returns remain in the physical fibre account and do not cross the aggregated foreground boundary; record composition, moisture and recipient for exports.

• Selected flow: waste paper (unspecified) f140a5a2-5318-4d06-956f-a87b9c6fda25
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Dust (collected_dust)

Paper-fibre dust actually collected and sent out as solid waste. Document additive contamination, moisture and recipient; dust internally repulped is an internal loop. Do not also count collected dust as a release to air.

• Selected flow: Dust 2a6c9b60-a075-45ec-b611-c3b4dd255935
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residuals
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Waste liquid (raw_effluent_out)

Actual NSSC papermaking wastewater mixture from process purge, cleaning and stock preparation, kept as one physical liquid stream. Use whole-mixture Mass / kg from measured V and rho_eff(T,composition), retaining volume for pollutant loads and measured water fraction. With onsite treatment, this is an internal link equal to raw_effluent_in in mass, volume, composition and period, with no disposal burden on the link. External treatment requires receiver-specific treatment and excludes onsite discharge rows. The source broad waste-liquid classification is not a legal hazard determination.

• Selected flow: Waste liquid bdfc32cf-8028-40a8-a2e4-2d73422ece34
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured whole wastewater mass V times rho_eff(T,composition) divided by same-period net accepted paper kg; equal at both transfer ends.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Elementary flows

particles (PM2.5) (cutting_pm25)

Actual PM2.5 paper dust reaching outdoor air after collection/control, including verified fugitive loss from slitting/rewinding. Use measured disjoint size fractions; do not repeat nested PM10, total dust, collected solid dust or internal dust recirculation. No default cutting emission factor.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (cutting_pm25_10)

Actual PM2.5–10 paper dust reaching outdoor air after collection/control, including verified fugitive loss from slitting/rewinding. Use measured disjoint size fractions; do not repeat nested PM10, total dust, collected solid dust or internal dust recirculation. No default cutting emission factor.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

particles (> PM10) (cutting_pm_over10)

Actual PM>10 paper dust reaching outdoor air after collection/control, including verified fugitive loss from slitting/rewinding. Use measured disjoint size fractions; do not repeat nested PM10, total dust, collected solid dust or internal dust recirculation. No default cutting emission factor.

• Selected flow: particles (> PM10) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a70a-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

water vapour (drying_water_vapour)

Actual drying exhaust water vapour to outdoor air. Derive from measured pulp/paper moisture and water balance with exhaust verification; distinguish it from steam supply/return and liquid effluent.

• Selected flow: water vapour fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac04-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Process: Onsite effluent treatment (effluent_treatment)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating current (ww_electricity)

Treatment and sludge-dewatering share of the same verified 1–35 kV grid supply. Reconcile treatment submeter and internal losses with site meter; paper_electricity excludes this quantity. The source flow declares CN; treatment uses the same actual supply qualification, with separate metering and no duplicated site losses.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Tap water (ww_makeup_water)

Conditional: treated network tap water used separately for onsite treatment reagent preparation and cleaning. Meter it independently from makeup_water; exclude wastewater transfers, recycled process water and already counted papermaking supply. The full source name locates production at a Hong Kong water-treatment plant; require actual provider/geographic compatibility or reassess the flow. Keep treatment makeup and carried formulation water separate.

• Selected flow: Tap water 3a8411b6-e476-4f98-9d77-0d492661a07f
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

hydrated lime (ww_lime)

Conditional: actual industrial hydrated lime for pH adjustment, CAS 1305-62-0, on received dry-powder basis. Confirm hydration production route, purity and moisture; do not use quicklime mass or milk-of-lime solution mass without a separately reconciled formulation.

• Selected flow: hydrated lime 0ef11ca4-62b6-4a66-b5d9-76d6539ec86e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

ferric chloride (ww_ferric_chloride)

Conditional actual FeCl3 coagulant, CAS7705-08-0; FeCl2/polymeric ferric chloride are different identities. This selected source is anhydrous crystalline FeCl3 and applies as a converter input only to actual compatible separately supplied solid. Record received mass, assay, moisture and actual onsite dissolution water/utilities once. A purchased aqueous solution is one complete supply: require a compatible specific solution card/provider covering actual supplier manufacture, dilution/preparation, additives, water and delivery before use, or a documented complete supplier-process reconstruction. In reconstruction, FeCl3 and water are constituent demands within the supplier process and analytical ledgers, not extra mill purchases; preserve whole wet solution mass and stocks, actual concentration and provider reference conversion. Active-solid conversion alone does not cover prepared solution manufacture. Source organic-chemical classification conflict remains metadata debt.

• Selected flow: ferric chloride d29463c7-fbbf-4811-b122-a651f205d603
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) (ww_pam)

Conditional actually supplied cationic polyacrylamide for clarification/dewatering, with SDS/grade, complete supplied mass/state, active solids, additives/water and provider wet/dry reference verified separately from retention_pam. One prepared bought solution/formulation is one external supply including actual supplier preparation/manufacture/delivery; its constituents are analytical only. If a pure-polymer background is used in documented supplier-process reconstruction, include all actual carrier/additive/preparation/utility/loss/delivery burdens once, not component-only production. Actual independently purchased chemicals/water for onsite mixing remain separate inputs. Sharing a UUID never duplicates one supply or makes the two doses equal.

• Selected flow: cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) ccf600a4-35af-45d6-95b3-cb58590a579f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_inputs
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Waste flows

Waste liquid (raw_effluent_in)

The actual whole wastewater mixture received by onsite treatment, with exactly the same measured mass, volume, density, water fraction, composition and reporting period as raw_effluent_out. Compute kg from V times rho_eff(T,composition); retain equal unallocated physical transfer and assign no duplicate treatment burden to the connection. Do not replace the mixture by pure water or a direct environmental discharge. Omit this onsite module when treatment is external.

• Selected flow: Waste liquid bdfc32cf-8028-40a8-a2e4-2d73422ece34
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Measured whole wastewater mass V times rho_eff(T,composition) divided by same-period net accepted paper kg; equal at both transfer ends.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Outputs

Waste flows

sludge (paper production) (primary_sludge)

Primary paper-production sludge actually exported: fibre/fines, coagulant-derived solids and water with measured composition and dry matter. The broad paper-sludge identity is conditional on this composition and recipient acceptance; no generic treatment route is implied.

• Selected flow: sludge (paper production) b48b29ab-4ead-4413-9adb-07631cd7af09
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_sludge
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

sludge (paper production) (biological_sludge)

Excess biological paper-mill sludge exported after dewatering, with biomass, additives, moisture and hazard status recorded. Keep separate from primary sludge; the shared broad identity never establishes an identical treatment burden.

• Selected flow: sludge (paper production) b48b29ab-4ead-4413-9adb-07631cd7af09
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_sludge
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Elementary flows

Water (water_discharge)

Only the water component of actual treated effluent entering a verified freshwater receiver, not the whole mixture or water abstraction. Determine water mass from V_eff times rho_eff(T,composition) times measured water mass fraction, then divide by rho_water(T) for this Volume reference. Retain V_eff independently for coincident pollutant-load calculations. Do not assume 1000 kg/m3, pure water or automatic equivalence to whole effluent volume; document any negligible-solids approximation and uncertainty. Other receivers require different identities.

• Selected flow: Water 5e50fc01-19c6-4377-a1cc-bc65a12498ea
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

chemical oxygen demand (cod_water)

COD mass as oxygen-equivalent demand discharged to fresh water, using declared test method and flow-weighted concentrations. The direct record has no Chinese baseName; its English name is retained. This sum indicator cannot hide known high-impact individual chemicals.

• Selected flow: chemical oxygen demand 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-97ed-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

biological oxygen demand (bod_water)

Measured oxygen-demand mass to fresh water; declare the test duration, temperature and nitrification inhibition. COD and BOD are overlapping analytical indicators, never additive physical pollutant masses or two impact charges for the same oxygen-demand load.

• Selected flow: biological oxygen demand 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-97de-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

Suspended solids to fresh water (tss_water)

Freshwater suspended-solids load based on the actual laboratory method, sample and concurrent effluent flow. The available water-unspecified identity is not adopted as a freshwater proxy. Particulate constituents already represented individually must not be counted twice.

• Selected flow: Suspended solids to fresh water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

nitrogen, total (excluding N2) (tn_water)

Total bound nitrogen to fresh water, excluding N2 and expressed as kg N, including organic nitrogen when the analytical method measures it. Inorganic-N-only results cannot be labelled total N. If individual nitrogen species are available, represent their loads separately and reconcile the remainder; do not add total N to the same species.

• Selected flow: nitrogen, total (excluding N2) e1716164-e906-48e4-ad77-8f2ec4a9a4c5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

phosphorus, total (tp_water)

Total phosphorus to fresh water expressed as kg P, not phosphate or ammonium-phosphate mass. Known individual phosphorus species require separate identity and reconciliation without double counting the total indicator.

• Selected flow: phosphorus, total f9df3107-6b59-4067-b920-3c61cf3630c7
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

carbon dioxide (biogenic) (ww_co2_bio)

Biogenic CO2 actually released to outdoor air from onsite effluent treatment; establish fibre/starch carbon origin and measured or traceable treatment carbon balance. Keep this LCI exchange even if a climate indicator excludes it; do not assign all removed COD to CO2.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (biogenic) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9c15-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

carbon dioxide (fossil) (ww_co2_fossil)

Conditional fossil CO2 to outdoor air from verified fossil-carbon constituents in treatment. Split from biogenic carbon using composition and carbon evidence; fossil carbon is not presumed absent or equal to the full additive dose.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

methane (biogenic) (ww_ch4)

Conditional biogenic methane emitted to outdoor air from actual anaerobic treatment/storage zones. Measure captured, oxidised and uncaptured gas separately; no universal COD-to-methane conversion or default emission.

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

methane (fossil) (ww_ch4_fossil)

Conditional methane from verified fossil-carbon constituents released to outdoor air; source-separate from biogenic methane using treatment gas and carbon evidence. Unknown carbon split remains unresolved, not zero.

• Selected flow: methane (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9610-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

nitrous oxide (ww_n2o)

Conditional N2O molecule mass to outdoor air from actual nitrogen transformations. Use monitoring or a documented site model with uncertainty and nitrogen balance; no N2O-N/molecular-mass confusion and no NOx inclusion.

• Selected flow: nitrous oxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94c3-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

ammonia (ww_ammonia)

Conditional ammonia molecule mass emitted to outdoor air from the actual treatment process. Determine from monitoring at the release boundary; NH3-N must be converted with documented molecular weights and must not be confused with dissolved total nitrogen.

• Selected flow: ammonia 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-a2a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Flow property UUID: 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
• Unit group UUID: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
• Amount rule: Collected exchange quantity per reference flow; use the linked protocol and same-period net accepted paper denominator.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_ww_gases
• Sources: jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared production burdens	First isolate measured papermaking, utilities and treatment; examine subdivision or system expansion before allocation. Then use a causally justified physical relation; economic allocation is a disclosed fallback with reasons, same-period prices and sensitivity. No fixed allocation fraction is prescribed.	ec-pef-2021-multifunctionality
allocation_physical	physical and burden accounts	Keep unallocated fibre, water, carbon and energy balances separate from the attributed environmental-burden account. Preserve measured physical co-product outputs and equal internal links; do not multiply physical output by an allocation fraction. Assign attributable burdens once, with residual allocation sums and uncertainty reconciled.	ec-pef-2021-multifunctionality; jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
allocation_residuals	broke and sludge	Internal broke/white-water recovery is not a co-product. Determine waste versus co-product status from actual quality, legal/receiver acceptance and destination; a sale price does not establish displacement. No recycling or steam-return credit without the selected system model and compatible receiver evidence.	ec-pef-2021-multifunctionality

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_output	nssc_papermaking	fluting_output	weighing	grade; reel id; net paper kg; core/wrap tare; moisture; grammage; thickness; CMT/SCT test method; reporting period	Calibrated reel weighing after the final slitter-winder; traceable tare and accepted/rejected lot records; sample moisture and purchaser quality by actual test protocol.	kg	each reel and representative grade/moisture lot	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_inputs	nssc_papermaking	pulp and each actual chemical/water/packaging input	receipt and meter	supplier; input grade/route; mass or volume; solids/moisture; formulation/carrier; tank/inventory change; period; meter id; background reference basis	Weigh deliveries, reconcile opening/closing stocks and stage dose records, meter fresh network water; preserve each chemical as a separate exchange. Inspect pulp supplier NSSC/recovery chain.	kg; m3	continuous meters; each delivery and batch	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_utilities	nssc_papermaking	steam and electricity	utility metering	stage kWh; site kWh; voltage; losses; steam kg; delivery pressure/temperature; steam quality; condensate kg/temperature/pressure; supplier net heat definition; period; supplier k_bg; paired enthalpy reference and thermal losses; provider-reference MJ	Reconcile calibrated site and stage meters including preparation, drying and finishing; measure paired steam delivery and return conditions; obtain supply definitions before thermal-background linking.	kWh; kg; MJ; pressure; temperature	continuous with campaign checks	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_residuals	nssc_papermaking	screen rejects; exported broke; collected dust	weighing and receipt	separate stream id; wet mass; dry solids; fibre; additives/contamination; recovery or export; receiver; treatment; period	Weigh each exported stream and sample its composition; separately log internal wet/dry broke and dust rework. Do not combine screening rejects, paper waste and dust.	kg	each dispatch and representative lot	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_air	nssc_papermaking	cutting dust; drying vapour	release monitoring	source; operating hours; exhaust flow; temperature/pressure; wet/dry basis; size-resolved concentration; collector solids; fugitive estimate method; humidity; period	Test actual slitting/rewinding exhaust and fugitive releases after controls; use disjoint aerodynamic particle-size data, paired exhaust conditions and drying-water balance. Document non-occurrence rather than assume zero.	kg; gas volume; concentration	representative stable runs; startup and changes included	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_effluent	effluent_treatment	internal transfer and final water/pollutants	flow and laboratory sampling	inlet/outlet volume; coincident sample concentration; COD method; BOD duration; TSS method; TN organic/inorganic scope; TP as P; receiver; uncertainty; period; rho_eff(T,composition); water mass fraction; rho_water(T); whole-mixture kg; component water volume	Calibrated flow meters and flow-weighted representative samples at matched times; retain analytical methods, detection limits and receiving-water evidence. Preserve identical raw-effluent transfer records on both process ends; offsite transfers use receiver records.	m3; mg/L; kg	continuous flow; representative daily composite and event samples	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_ww_inputs	effluent_treatment	treatment power and each reagent	meter and dose ledger	treatment kWh; separate tap-water m3; reagent identity; grade; wet dose; solids/purity; stocks; carrier; period; upstream reference basis	Separate treatment power/fresh water from papermaking. Meter dosing and reconcile each real complete chemical/formulation purchase, stock and dose in compatible wet/dry reference units, with actual supplier manufacture/preparation/delivery once; included constituents are analytical balances only. Real separate ingredients and onsite mixing/dilution utilities are independently recorded. A documented supplier-process reconstruction preserves whole supplied quantities and all constituent/preparation/utility/loss burdens without duplicating mill inputs.	kWh; m3; kg	continuous power; each dose/batch	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_sludge	effluent_treatment	primary and excess biological sludge	weighing and analysis	stream; wet kg; solids; biomass/fibre; coagulant; contamination/hazard; recipient; treatment; period	Weigh separately at dispatch and analyse representative composition/dry matter; reconcile primary clarification and biological excess sludge against treatment records.	kg	each export and representative sample	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty
cp_ww_gases	effluent_treatment	each treatment gas emission	monitoring or site carbon/nitrogen balance	gas species; gas volume; concentration; wet/dry T/P; captured/oxidised/fugitive quantity; fossil/biogenic carbon; dissolved/sludge carbon; nitrogen transformation; molecular basis; uncertainty; period	Measure relevant actual treatment/storage gas releases or use a traceable site-specific carbon/nitrogen model with measured inputs, documented conversion and uncertainty. Preserve origin split and identify unknown speciation; no generic positive factor.	kg	representative process cycle, including upset/storage events	same reporting period, covering actual grade production and operating changes	declared mill and route; treatment receiver separately identified	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; traceable receipts; methods; representative sampling; balances; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
period_normalization	all inventory rows	For each stream, divide the attributable reporting-period exchange quantity by the net accepted paper output in kg from the same period; express the result per 1 kg reference flow. Do not divide by design capacity or average daily intensities.	period exchange quantity; same-period net paper kg	exchange per 1 kg reference flow	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
dry_matter_reconciliation	nssc_pulp, fluting_output, screen_reject, primary_sludge, biological_sludge	Dry solids equal measured wet mass multiplied by measured solids fraction. Supplier AD/oven-dry basis conversion requires its documented reference dryness; separately account carried water. Net reference output remains actual accepted paper mass at declared moisture.	wet mass; measured solids; supplier basis	separate wet/dry and carried-water records	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
electricity_conversion	paper_electricity, ww_electricity	Convert measured kWh to MJ by multiplying by 3.6; retain the selected Net calorific value platform property label without treating electricity as a fuel. Reconcile attributable losses once against the site supply meter.	meter kWh; site loss reconciliation	MJ
water_pollutant_load	cod_water, bod_water, tss_water, tn_water, tp_water	For matching sampling intervals, multiply measured concentration in mg/L by corresponding flow in m3 and divide by 1000 to obtain kg; sum interval loads before dividing by same-period net accepted paper kg. Preserve oxygen/N/P/solids analytical bases and detection limits.	matching concentration; effluent volume; net paper kg	kg per 1 kg reference flow	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
steam_basis_reconciliation	drying_steam, condensate_return	Using one common reference state, derive H_net from actual supplied steam enthalpy flow minus returned enthalpy flow and undelivered thermal losses within the supplier boundary, counting each loss once. q_heat=H_net*k_bg/P, with P net accepted paper kg and k_bg documented provider-reference GCV MJ per net delivered MJ. Unknown k_bg leaves background linking incomplete; no fuel calorific ratio, default one or source benchmark substitutes for it. Preserve steam/condensate kg separately and do not credit return heat again after subtracting it.	steam and condensate records; supplier basis; k_bg; P	provider-reference MJ per 1 kg reference flow; separate physical mass ledger	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
complete_period_normalization	all inventory rows	Every existing campaign, batch or lot amount rule and linked collection protocol uses one documented complete reporting-period pool for the same declared product, grade, route, configuration, site and reference state. Accepted-lot wording identifies the denominator only; retain all attributable startup, shutdown, wholly failed or zero-output batches, rejects, work in progress and rework in the raw native-unit numerator records. Count reworked reference product once only when finally accepted. Sum each attributable exchange over this matched pool, divide once by its strictly positive accepted reference-product quantity in the declared denominator unit, and scale to the declared reference quantity. Do not average batch ratios, drop a failed batch, pool unrelated products/periods or replace native numerator units. If the entire matched pool has no accepted output, retain the unnormalized absolute inventory and require review; issue no normalized result or fabricated output. Preserve stock/return and physical-transfer ledgers independently of burden allocation; allocation never removes already-incurred failed/rework activity.	all linked raw collection protocols; accepted reference-product pool; stock and rework links	native exchange unit per declared reference quantity; zero-output pool remains unnormalized

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_route	nssc_pulp	Confirm actual fibre species, virgin status, sodium-NSSC and recovery system; similar strength or CPC label is insufficient.	supplier records and route-specific upstream data
quality_balance	all inventory rows	Use complete campaign totals, stock changes and stage records, matched wet/dry quantity definitions, measured uncertainty and residual reconciliation; no invented balancing stream.	cp_output and all applicable protocols; jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
quality_gap	all inventory rows	Disclose exact identity and background gaps independently, all additional actual chemicals/species and sampling omissions; unknown is not absence.	supplier/laboratory records, process map and completeness ledger

For raw_effluent_out/in, retain identical V, rho_eff(T,composition), water fraction and kg=Vrho_eff at both ends. The water_discharge component volume equals V_effrho_eff*x_water/rho_water(T); full effluent V_eff remains the pollutant concentration multiplier. Collect the actual density, temperature, sample basis and uncertainty; no default density or pure-water approximation.

Screen forming fabrics, press felts, slitter blades, lubrication, cleaning and maintenance consumables against actual purchase/use/discard records. Each material present requires a distinct atomic exchange and receiver/supplier qualification; do not invent lifetime masses or combine real streams.

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_scope	dataset applicability	Verify virgin hardwood sodium-NSSC fibre and stated finishing/utility route. Different fibre/pulping methods require independent recipes, emission coverage and upstream data; no grade label proves equivalence.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015; valmet-nssc
validate_denominator	all inventory rows	Exactly one reference output is 1 kg net accepted paper. All exchange quantities and protocol aggregation use this same reference; gross reel/core mass, installed capacity, internal broke and wet-pulp tonnes cannot replace net accepted paper mass.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
validate_utilities	background linking	Confirm grid supply voltage/loss boundary, water supply route and steam pressure, saturation, return and quantity basis. Identity UUIDs and reference properties alone do not establish background compatibility; unresolved supply definitions block complete dataset linking.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
validate_balance	physical links and accounts	Reconcile wet/dry fibre, chemicals, product moisture, water, sludge, air losses, carbon and energy. raw_effluent transfer is equal at both ends; internal recovery is not an external purchase or release. Show balance residuals against measured uncertainty; do not impose an invented universal tolerance.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
validate_emissions	elementary exchanges	Check receiving medium, species, fossil/biogenic origin and molecular/element/oxygen basis. Use disjoint PM fractions and retain collected solid dust separately. COD/BOD and nutrient totals are analytical indicators, not sums of additive pollutant masses; known specific species cannot be hidden or charged twice. Retain biogenic CO2 in LCI.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015
validate_gaps	completeness	Blank UUIDs, unmeasured exchanges, unknown speciation, missing providers and unsupported conversions remain explicit. Zero needs a measured or justified non-occurrence record; missing is not zero. An authored PCR is guidance for collection, not proof of a completed plant LCI or scientific approval.	jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
downstream_use	Route- and grade-matched fluting input to a corrugated-board model after complete evidence-based foreground production
allowed_use	Declared uncoated virgin-hardwood NSSC reels with verified upstream and utility/treatment links
excluded_use	Full CPC 32134 average; straw/recycled/CTMP/kraft substitution; finished board/box output; universal recipe; incomplete cradle-to-gate LCI
required_metadata	Qualifiers, reporting/site/technology scope, unallocated physical map and attributed burden account, suppliers, quantity bases, methods, boundary, allocation and update date
required_quality_disclosure	Uncertainty, temporal representativeness, all UUID/provider/speciation gaps, substitutions, omitted scopes, balances and measured versus modelled quantities; no methodology-review claim
update_trigger	Fibre/pulping/recovery change; formulation or sizing change; utility supplier/pressure change; treatment/receiver change; product specification or material measurement change

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
jrc-pulp-paper-bref-2015	official_guidance	JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Production of Pulp, Paper and Board (2015). https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/PP_revised_BREF_2015.pdf	Sections 2.2.2.1.4–1.5 (net production and water-load monitoring, PDF pp86–88); 4.1.1.5 and Figure 4.2 (NSSC, PDF pp413–414); 7.1.1–4, 7.1.10–11 and containerboard description (PDF pp698, 700, 702–704, 708, 715). Qualitative process and measurement support; no historical quantities or BAT-AEL defaults.
fefco-paper-production	official_guidance	FEFCO, Paper production process. https://www.fefco.org/lca/dscription-of-production-system/paper-production	Primary versus recovered fluting, NSSC/papermaking sequence, single-ply medium, winder and shipment before corrugation. Typical integrated-mill description is not evidence that this foreground contains pulping or that purchased-pulp mills are typical. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
valmet-nssc	literature	Valmet, NSSC pulping. https://www.valmet.com/pulp/mechanical-pulping/nssc-pulping/	Manufacturer process description supports hardwood sulphite/carbonate impregnation, cooking, refining/washing and fluting applicability. Supplier operating times, temperatures and energy figures are not adopted as generic recipe or factors. Retrieved 2026-10-12.
ec-pef-2021-multifunctionality	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I section 4.5, PDF pp63–64. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/Annexes%201%20to%202.pdf	General allocation hierarchy only; no claim of full PEF conformity or default fraction.