PY12 toluene-based publication-gravure printing ink

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers one bounded liquid ink system: C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 dry preparation bead-milled onsite into a purchased rosin-modified phenolic resin solution in toluene, followed by let-down, filtration, quality release, steel-drum filling, storage and actual factory-gate delivery for publication gravure on paper. The supported electricity configuration is a Chinese plant using below-1-kV grid supply. It does not claim that the ink native record specifies China. The reference gate is actual net delivery, not newly quality-released production. [wipo-py12-gravure-2004; epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005]

Exclude water-borne, UV/EB-curable, offset, flexographic, screen, inkjet and toner systems; other pigments, dye/carbinol routes, nitrocellulose or polyurethane vehicles, onsite resin synthesis/cooking, pigment synthesis/flushing, and pure purchased-dispersion blending. Purchased complete pigment dispersion is an upstream formulation input for a different declared route, not evidence that onsite milling occurred. Paints/varnishes under 35110 and artists’ colours under 35120 remain separate methods. No generic colour/vehicle union is authorized. Printing, downstream drying/curing and solvent recovery at the printer are outside this manufacturing-and-delivery system.

The patent comparative examples support the specific pigment/resin/solvent/bead-milling combination. Their laboratory recipe is not an industrial default, dosage interval, yield, release fraction, electricity intensity or approved performance benchmark. Collect the actual commercial formulation and properties. No printing-service equivalence follows from 1 kg wet delivered ink.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.other-chemical-products-man-made-fibres.printing-ink
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 35130 Printing ink; bounded subset; classification acceptance remains separate
covered_products	PY12 toluene-based publication-gravure printing ink
excluded_products	All routes, pigments and forms excluded in section 1; paints, artists’ colours and printing services
representative_product	Liquid PY12 pigment ink in purchased rosin-modified phenolic/toluene vehicle, delivered in steel drums
production_route	Receipt and wet preparation dosing; premix and bead mill; let-down and filtration; QC/rework; drum filling; stock/dispatch reconciliation; cleaning and actual waste/air-release management
market_state	Net wet liquid ink actually handed over at factory gate; declared pigment grade, solids, solvent and viscosity state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	PY12 toluene-based publication-gravure printing ink
How much	1 kg net actually delivered ink, excluding drum and other packaging mass
How well	One declared PY12 grade and purchased resin-vehicle formulation meets site release and delivery specifications: pigment content, nonvolatiles, solvent composition, viscosity at test temperature, colour strength/shade and dispersion fineness; actual tests required, no imposed patent limits
How long or cycle	Declared actual reporting period and traceable delivery/batch cohort; no use lifetime
reference_flow_link	dp_delivered

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Gravure Ink c2ed843f-16bf-462a-8ff7-ae78e95e5c4c
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	actual delivery gate and period; net Q and return convention; lot cohort; PY12 CAS/grade/surface treatment; vehicle resin chemistry and supplied solids; solvent/impurity composition; viscosity and temperature; pigment/nonvolatile fractions; paper publication-gravure use; plant and geography; below-1-kV CN electricity; drum specification; WIP/finished-stock and carried-burden records; capture/treatment recipients

Required qualifiers must appear in dataset metadata, reference comments or equivalent foreground documentation. Their absence makes applicability incomplete. Native Gravure Ink supports low-viscosity toluene-based production mix at plant, with no specified geography, CAS, exact pigment grade or recipe. Those additional qualifiers need the cited route evidence and actual foreground records.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
mu_gate	dp_delivered	Mass	kg	Q is positive unique net actual delivery of the same product/route/state cohort, not production release P. Weigh net ink with tare and trace outward/return events; undelivered finished goods are excluded from Q.
mu_wet	mf_vehicle; mf_py12; mf_toluene	Mass	kg	Use supplied whole preparation mass. Active pigment/resin, carrier solvent and water are subledgers. Volumes require actual formulation- and temperature-specific density with uncertainty, never a secondary native coefficient treated as density.
mu_energy	mf_electricity	Energy	MJ	Retain raw meter kWh; convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ before the single reporting normalization. Resolve the native Net calorific value reference property through its energy unit group to MJ; this is an energy dimension, not a fuel combustion prescription.
mu_integrals	all inventory rows	Measured physical quantity	kg; MJ; m3	Rate times observed duration is valid for a measured rate. An already integrated volume gets no second time multiplier. Keep raw volume, duration, temperature, pressure and calibration as applicable.
mu_mass_species	all inventory rows	Mass and species	kg	Reconcile total physical mass and relevant elements separately from actual measured species. This physical mixing route assumes no chemical reaction or reaction-water term; do not invent reaction water, total VOC or another outlet to close a residual, and do not infer species from COD.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased PY12 dry preparation, whole resin/toluene vehicle, separate toluene, packaging and utilities received at plant; opening WIP and finished stocks enter with traceable physical quantities and carried upstream/foreground burdens
starting_condition_role	Foreground receipt-to-actual-factory-gate-delivery; cradle-to-gate results additionally attach upstream production, inbound transport and actual treatment
product_classification_scope	Bounded PY12 toluene publication-gravure ink subset of CPC35130; not complete printing-ink coverage
recursive_input_rule	No recursive copy of this ink process for purchased vehicle or dispersion; use actual independent upstream formulation datasets. Internal P transfer is paired and eliminated, not another procurement
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match grade, wet/dry form, concentrations, route, delivery point, geography and period for each actual input. Identity UUID does not establish a supplier or numeric burden; unresolved auxiliary matches stay explicit
disclosure	Document included storage, packaging, handling/dispatch, rework, shared utilities, actual capture/waste recipients, stock and carried burdens, exclusions and uncertainty. Outbound transport beyond factory-gate handover is a separate declared extension

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_route	manufacture	Include dosing, onsite pigment wetting/bead milling, let-down, cooling/extraction, filtering, tests, failures and rework. Whole purchased vehicle upstream production remains attached; its solvent/resin subledgers are not duplicate inputs.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005, wipo-py12-gravure-2004
sb_delivery	delivery	Include real filling, packaging, finished storage, handling, dispatch and associated losses up to actual factory-gate delivery. Preserve opening/closing finished stocks with burdens; consolidate paired P transfers exactly once. Printing drying/curing does not enter this boundary.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
sb_releases	manufacture; cleaning	Separate retained product solvent, collected liquid/solid waste, captured material, actual after-control emissions and inventory changes. Record each actual VOC/high-impact species and medium separately; no default release, capture percentage or recovery credit. Add atomic rows for any additional actual high-impact species, fuel, heat, packaging or treatment exchange; retain measured zeros and justified absence.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
manufacture	Premix, bead milling and finishing	required	Selected onsite PY12 dispersion route	Manufacture quality-released bulk P; collect shared energy once	P kg internal transfer, reported per 1 kg reference flow
delivery	Filling, stock and factory-gate delivery	required	All delivered lots	Terminal actual net delivery Q	1 kg reference flow
cleaning	Cleaning and collected waste management	required	Actual operations; unused stream requires evidence of zero/absence	Retain actual cleaning inputs, captured wastes and releases	per 1 kg reference flow

Process: Premix, bead milling and finishing (manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Rosin-modified phenolic resin solution in toluene (mf_vehicle)

Purchased whole liquid vehicle, including its resin and toluene. Assay solids, solvent composition and any impurities as subledgers; do not also procure their contained masses. No resin synthesis/cooking is performed in this route.

• Selected flow: Rosin-modified phenolic resin solution in toluene
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_vehicle / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 dry pigment preparation (mf_py12)

One declared PY12 commercial grade; retain CAS, surface treatment, active pigment and moisture. It is not a dye, arbitrary colour blend or purchased pigment dispersion. The patent comparative grade establishes a route, not a prescribed supplier or dosage.

• Selected flow: C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 dry pigment preparation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_py12 / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

Toluene (mf_toluene)

Separately purchased formulation/let-down toluene only; CAS 108-88-3, production mix at plant, native geography unspecified. Its native residual CPC35499 classification is disclosed metadata debt; physical identity is consistent. Solvent already inside the vehicle is not added again.

• Selected flow: Toluene 33ac34b7-d691-4eda-8563-daef49a05157
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_toluene / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

Glass grinding beads (mf_beads)

Actual make-up/replacement beads consumed by the bead mill; initial media charge and closing retained charge reconciled, not a fresh full charge every batch.

• Selected flow: Glass grinding beads
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_beads / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Polypropylene filter bag (mf_filter)

One filter medium; weigh actual replacement consumption. Captured ink is counted in residue mass and not as additional polymer procurement.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene filter bag
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_filter / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Alternating current (mf_electricity)

Native identity is CN, grid-average consumption mix to user, below 1 kV. It is not medium-voltage electricity or a universal supplier. Include milling, mixing, extraction, cooling, filtration, filling, warehouse handling, cleaning and allocated shared services once; internally generated compressed air is not a second purchase.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: A_mf_electricity / Q MJ
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Outputs

Product flows

Gravure Ink (mf_bulk)

Internal quality-released bulk transfer P, not the terminal reference output. Preserve the native toluene-based low-viscosity production mix at plant; no native geography or CAS is specified. The paper and resin/pigment qualifiers come from this PCR and foreground records, not a more specific native grade.

• Selected flow: Gravure Ink c2ed843f-16bf-462a-8ff7-ae78e95e5c4c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_bulk / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

Waste flows

Rejected PY12 toluene gravure ink (mf_reject)

Discarded wet ink only, with actual receiving treatment operator and mass/composition; returned ink retained for rework stays internal and is not a waste output or new accepted production.

• Selected flow: Rejected PY12 toluene gravure ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_reject / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Spent glass grinding beads (mf_beads_waste)

Actual separated spent media to its recipient; distinguish adhering ink from dry bead mass and avoid duplicating the same residue in filter waste.

• Selected flow: Spent glass grinding beads
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_beads_waste / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_manufacture
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Elementary flows

Toluene to air (mf_toluene_air)

Actual after-control stack plus fugitive toluene, measured/speciated independently of total physical closure. Record medium, capture path and control performance; no assumption that all input solvent evaporates.

• Selected flow: Toluene to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_toluene_air / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 dust to air (mf_pigment_air)

Uncaptured pigment-bearing airborne dust after control. Record actual composition and particle-size evidence; do not assume PM2.5 or turn captured filter material into an elementary emission.

• Selected flow: C.I. Pigment Yellow 12 dust to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_mf_pigment_air / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Process: Filling, stock and factory-gate delivery (delivery)

Inputs

Product flows

Gravure Ink (dp_bulk)

Same physical P transfer as mf_bulk; preserve the same native limitations. Match lot and transferred burdens, then eliminate this paired internal transfer when consolidating. Opening/closing finished stocks and their carried burdens are separately reconciled in cp_delivery.

• Selected flow: Gravure Ink c2ed843f-16bf-462a-8ff7-ae78e95e5c4c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_dp_bulk / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

Steel drum with closure (dp_drum)

One assembled solvent-compatible drum. Measure empty mass separately from net ink, retain actual reuse/return history and cleaning. A compatible Mass/kg identity for the complete drum remains to be verified. Record separately any actual non-integral packaging components.

• Selected flow: Steel drum with closure
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_dp_drum / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Outputs

Product flows

Gravure Ink (dp_delivered)

Terminal Product output: exactly 1 kg net delivered liquid PY12 toluene publication-gravure ink; excludes packaging mass. Native identity remains low-viscosity toluene-based production mix at plant, geography unspecified; it supplies no recipe, loss, energy, supplier or application factor.

• Selected flow: Gravure Ink c2ed843f-16bf-462a-8ff7-ae78e95e5c4c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: wipo-py12-gravure-2004

Waste flows

Discarded PY12 gravure ink from filling and storage (dp_loss)

Actual wet loss or disposed expired ink with destination. Undelivered good stock is carried, not counted as delivered Q or discarded by default.

• Selected flow: Discarded PY12 gravure ink from filling and storage
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_dp_loss / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Elementary flows

Toluene to air (dp_toluene_air)

Actual independently supported after-control filling, finished-storage and dispatch toluene releases. The environmental monitoring lead supplies species evidence to the dispatch owner; exclude sources already counted in manufacture or cleaning.

• Selected flow: Toluene to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_dp_toluene_air / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Process: Cleaning and collected waste management (cleaning)

Inputs

Product flows

Toluene (cl_toluene)

Separately acquired fresh cleaning toluene only; same CAS and native limitations as mf_toluene. Assign invoices/withdrawals disjointly between formulation and cleaning. Internal recirculation is not repeated external purchase.

• Selected flow: Toluene 33ac34b7-d691-4eda-8563-daef49a05157
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_toluene / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Tap water (cl_water)

Treated municipal water, production mix at plant; native geography unspecified and treatment varies by source. Ancillary aqueous cleaning/cooling make-up only if used, not a water-based ink carrier. Mass is the reference property; native secondary volume coefficient is not a measured site density.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_water / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Polypropylene cleaning wipe (cl_wipe)

Specific dry wipe material; independently weigh solvent retained in used wipes and do not procure it a second time.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene cleaning wipe
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_wipe / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Outputs

Waste flows

Spent toluene cleaning liquor (cl_spent_solvent)

Whole collected liquid with resin/pigment content, water fraction and actual receiving operator. It is neither emitted to air nor credited as recovered solvent without a separate verified recovery system.

• Selected flow: Spent toluene cleaning liquor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_spent_solvent / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Ink-contaminated cleaning wastewater (cl_washwater)

Whole actual aqueous waste to its recipient, with independently measured pollutants. Collection/transfer is a waste exchange, not direct discharge; model actual treatment and any verified releases separately.

• Selected flow: Ink-contaminated cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_washwater / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Used polypropylene filter bag with retained ink (cl_used_filter)

Whole captured solid, filter polymer plus retained ink; identify composition, hazardous constituents, destination and receiving facility. Do not duplicate ink drained into spent cleaning liquor.

• Selected flow: Used polypropylene filter bag with retained ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_used_filter / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Used polypropylene wipe with retained ink (cl_used_wipe)

One actual solid stream to its receiving facility; retain water/solvent subledgers and avoid counting the same collected material as an elementary flow.

• Selected flow: Used polypropylene wipe with retained ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_used_wipe / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Elementary flows

Toluene to air (cl_toluene_air)

Independently quantified after-control cleaning/tank-storage fugitives not already in cp_air. Reconcile retained solvent in waste, product and inventory; residual uncertainty remains explicit.

• Selected flow: Toluene to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: A_cl_toluene_air / Q kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_cleaning
• Sources: epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_trace	all inventory rows	Trace physical lots and causal service use before allocation. Retain every failed/zero-output run, test, cleaning and rework burden attributable to the selected product cohort. Assign shared services by measured machine time/load or another documented physical driver; never dilute with other colours or routes. No patent output yield is assumed.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
al_stock	manufacture; delivery	Maintain separate WIP, production-transfer and finished-stock ledgers and carried burden vectors by lot. Production transfer P is paired with its receipt, then cancelled in consolidation. Do not count P plus closing stock as two production outputs. Q remains actual net delivery; closing undelivered stock and its burdens are carried, never included in Q or granted an avoided-production credit. Opening stock delivered now brings its historical burdens.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
al_returns	delivery; cleaning	Link every return/reacceptance/rework event to its original lot and delivery. A return cancels the relevant delivery contribution and restores traceable stock and carried burdens; a later handover enters net delivered Q only after that cancellation, never as a second unique delivery. Returned reacceptance is not new production. Disclose cross-period reconciliation; nonpositive Q cannot be normalized. Captured residues or solvents are wastes unless actual coproduct functionality and receiving system are separately demonstrated; no default substitution credit.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

Protocol aggregation states the reporting basis only. Collection retains raw undivided numerators; each card A_r / Q and its aggregation basis are the same single cr_report_once operation in Calculation Rules, never sequential divisions.

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_manufacture	manufacture	Material, WIP, P and rejects	batch ledger	lot; product/route/state; period; full supplied vehicle/pigment/toluene issues and returns; active/solvent/water assays; opening/closing WIP masses and carried burdens; P transfers; failures/zero output; rework links; beads/filter consumed; rejects and receivers	Owner: production/material-accounting lead. Calibrated weighing, issue/return slips, batch/QC sheets and opening/closing WIP counts; pair P by lot with delivery receipt. Retain all runs, including failed and zero-output runs. Retain undivided raw period numerator records, conversions and carried WIP/finished-stock burden vectors; do not execute A/Q during collection.	kg	Each batch and stock close	Complete actual period plus historical carry records	Selected ink line and causal shared services	per 1 kg reference flow	Scales; batch identity; assays; stock/burden ledger; acceptance and disposal receipts
cp_delivery	delivery	Finished stock, drums, Q and returns	delivery stock ledger	lot; P receipt; opening/closing finished mass and carried burdens; drum tare/closure; filled gross/net; accepted dispatch event; returns/original event; reacceptance; storage residence/handling/filling loads; spills/expiry and receiver; positive net Q; after-control filling/storage toluene concentrations and measured integrated gas volumes	Owner: warehouse/dispatch controller. Use calibrated gross-minus-tare and signed factory-gate handover/return documents, unique event IDs and physical stock reconciliation; quality release alone is not delivery. Trace returns across periods and restored burdens; no reacceptance creates output. Retain actual included storage, packaging, handling and dispatch burdens. The environmental monitoring lead provides independent species/air-medium and control evidence for filling/storage/dispatch releases, including fugitive sources; no closure residual substitutes for measurement. Retain undivided raw period numerator records, conversions and carried WIP/finished-stock burden vectors; do not execute A/Q during collection.	kg; event; residence time	Each handover/return and stock close	Complete actual period and returned-lot history	Declared factory-gate handover; selected lots only	per 1 kg reference flow	Net weight/tare; signed receipts; unique IDs; physical stocks; historical burden vectors
cp_energy	manufacture	Purchased electricity for whole declared system	meter record	period; opening/closing kWh; submeter; voltage; CN provider/grid period; machine hours/load; milling/cooling/extraction/filling/storage/handling/cleaning allocations; historical stock energy burden	Owner: site energy engineer. Meter all included operations once and reconcile shared meter allocation without duplicating downstream row purchases; retain raw kWh, use mu_energy for MJ. A different voltage or country requires a compatible identity, not silent reuse of the CN below-1-kV native row. Retain undivided raw period numerator records, conversions and carried WIP/finished-stock burden vectors; do not execute A/Q during collection.	kWh; MJ	Continuous meters and each reporting close	Same complete period, plus carried-stock energy	All included operations at selected site	per 1 kg reference flow	Meter calibration; voltage; bills; causal allocation and no double counting
cp_air	manufacture	Manufacturing toluene and PY12 dust to air	species monitoring	species/CAS; medium; source; sampled concentrations; measured flow rates and duration or integrated volume; standard conditions; stack/fugitive split; capture; control inlet/outlet; retained solvent in ink/stocks/wastes; dust composition/size; detection limits	Owner: environmental monitoring lead. Retain independently supported species masses using measured concentrations and appropriately integrated gas volumes, or a verified species-specific model with all retention paths. Separate captured waste from air releases, do not infer pollutant mass from a total-mass or COD residual. Record actual high-impact impurity species as additional separate rows if present. Retain undivided raw period numerator records, conversions and carried WIP/finished-stock burden vectors; do not execute A/Q during collection.	kg; concentration; gas volume	Representative source campaigns linked to actual batches and period	Whole actual period including start-up/failure/cleaning interface	Manufacturing sources only; cp_cleaning handles disjoint cleaning sources	per 1 kg reference flow	Laboratory reports; species/medium; detection limits; gas integration; uncertainty
cp_cleaning	cleaning	Cleaning inputs, liquid/solid waste and cleaning emissions	cleaning and transfer record	event/lot; fresh toluene; water mass or volume/density/temperature; dry wipe; return loop; spent liquor/washwater/used filter/used wipe gross and composition; retained solvent/water; tank opening/closing; recipient/treatment; actual after-control cleaning toluene emission evidence	Owner: cleaning and waste coordinator. Weigh fresh supply and each separate captured liquid/solid stream; record receiving facility and actual treatment. Keep independent species analysis and cleaning source measurements with no overlap with cp_air. Closed circulation is internal; no automatic recovery yield or substitution credit. Retain undivided raw period numerator records, conversions and carried WIP/finished-stock burden vectors; do not execute A/Q during collection.	kg; m3 if measured	Each cleaning/transfer and tank close	Same complete actual period including failure/rework cleaning	Selected line plus causally allocated shared cleaning	per 1 kg reference flow	Weighing; composition; storage; manifests/recipient; species monitoring

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
cr_match_ledgers	all inventory rows	Before normalization, construct raw attributable A_r for the delivered cohort from actual supplies and services plus opening WIP/finished-stock burden vectors and their historical records, less quantities/burdens genuinely retained in closing WIP/finished stocks. Trace actual returns and failure/rework causes; do not erase failures or invent negative burdens. Close physical production and stock accounts separately, pair mf_bulk with dp_bulk by P and cancel the internal transfer when consolidated. Unresolved stock/burden attribution is a data gap, never zero.	raw supplies; raw services; WIP records; finished-stock records; carried burden vectors; P; delivery events	A_r; positive Q	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
cr_report_once	all inventory rows	For each exchange r report x_r = A_r / Q once, after raw unit conversion and lot/burden matching. Q is unique positive net actually delivered kg of the declared cohort after linked return cancellations; dp_delivered is 1 kg. Inventory amount cards and protocol aggregation refer to this same operation, not additional divisions. Never normalize failed runs separately or replace Q with P.	A_r; Q	x_r per 1 kg reference flow	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
cr_physical_balances	manufacture; delivery	Before attribution or normalization, close physical kg ledgers: manufacturing opening WIP plus actual wet material input equals P plus closing WIP plus actual waste and air/water outlets. Separately, delivery opening bulk-buffer/filling-WIP/finished stock plus P and actual returns equals gross outward handovers plus closing bulk-buffer/filling-WIP/finished stock plus measured filling/storage waste and air outlets. Stock burdens travel with these same lots. P is an internal release, never a second terminal output; its inclusion does not authorize adding same-lot closing stock again as production. Net delivered Q follows the linked return convention in cp_delivery; it excludes every undelivered closing stock. Packaging has its own physical ledger, outside net ink mass. Species/element checks use independent assays and monitored species, not an unknown outlet fitted to either residual.	raw wet masses; P; WIP masses; finished stocks; gross handovers; linked returns; independent assays	separate physical mass balances	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all inventory rows	Verify complete native names/routes/form/grade/geography/reference dimensions; qualify actual providers independently. Explicitly retain toluene residual classification debt, CN below-1-kV electricity limits and unspecified ink/water geography. Unresolved auxiliary UUIDs require later matching, not invented substitutions.	Direct native records; supplier documents; traceable exact support chain
dq_complete	all inventory rows	Preserve actual complete reporting period, matched product/route/state, failed and zero-output runs, rework/returns, opening/closing WIP and finished goods plus carried burdens. Record zero/absence with evidence and independently measured actual species; investigate mass/element residuals without fitting them.	Raw ledgers; historical burden vectors; QC; monitoring and uncertainty

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_gate	dp_delivered	Require a unique terminal Product output with the reference UUID and exactly 1 kg; both languages select dp_delivered. P transfers and stocks cannot be substituted for Q. Require positive matched net delivery, returned-event cancellation and stock/burden closure before accepting dataset amounts.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
val_quantities	all inventory rows	Verify complete raw numerator coverage, one raw conversion and one cr_report_once operation, paired/cancelled internal transfers, no repeated purchased formulation components, no duplicate return production and no omitted warehouse/dispatch/cleaning/failure burdens. Retain undelivered stocks and historical burdens separately.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
val_species	manufacture; cleaning	Validate physical mass/elements independently of actual species evidence. Require after-control medium, sampling/model basis, captured liquid/solid recipients and no assumed total-solvent release or recovery credit. Hazardous minor constituents cannot disappear by a generic mass cutoff. Unmeasured applicable pathways remain explicit gaps.	epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005
val_route	all inventory rows	Reject incompatible colour/vehicle/milling form, water/UV/toner route, native hard CAS/grade/medium or reference dimension. Require the packaging reference dimension to support measured mass, including its declared closure coverage. A record UUID or schema pass alone does not establish scientific or supplier applicability.	wipo-py12-gravure-2004

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
downstream_use	Declared paper publication-gravure ink input with the same formulation/state and actual delivery gate
allowed_use	Foreground study or qualified background use after full upstream, site, supplier, inventory-carry and waste-treatment matching
excluded_use	Universal printing ink; other colours/vehicles/routes; printed-area equivalence; legal/food-contact suitability; default recovery credit; science approval from technical checks
required_metadata	actual delivery gate and period; net Q and return convention; lot cohort; PY12 CAS/grade/surface treatment; vehicle resin chemistry and supplied solids; solvent/impurity composition; viscosity and temperature; pigment/nonvolatile fractions; paper publication-gravure use; plant and geography; below-1-kV CN electricity; drum specification; WIP/finished-stock and carried-burden records; capture/treatment recipients
required_quality_disclosure	Actual period, recipe, provider/voltage/geography, opening/closing stock and burden vectors, failed/zero-output/rework/return handling, included storage/packing/dispatch, species evidence, waste recipients, UUID gaps, uncertainty and explicit exclusions
update_trigger	Pigment/vehicle/solvent/form/route or delivery-gate change; native identity correction; material stock/burden or control-system change; new representative foreground evidence

11. Data Sources

source_id	type	reference	used_for
epa-eiip-ink-manufacture-2005	official_guidance	US EPA, EIIP Volume II Chapter 8, February 2005, sections 2.1-2.3 and 4-5. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/ii08_feb2005.pdf	Manufacturing operations, filling, cleaning, source/species-specific emission assessment and material-balance cautions. US historical technical guidance; no adopted numeric emission/default loss/control factor, recipe or universal LCA stock-allocation formula. Raw stock/normalization protocols are explicit requirements of this PCR.
wipo-py12-gravure-2004	literature	Ciba Specialty Chemicals, WO2004013237A1, Organic solvent-based printing inks, 12 February 2004, printed p15 (PDF p16), Comparative Examples A and B. https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2004013237A1/en	Primary patent original scanned publication acquired through Google Patents PDF mirror, visually verified p16. Supports PY12 dry pigment bead-milled into rosin-modified phenolic resin solution in toluene with additional toluene. Comparative laboratory examples only; does not establish factory quantities, yield, emissions, energy, contemporary supplier coverage or approval. Dye/carbinol embodiments excluded.