Wet-process cemented porcelain suspension insulators

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: 0.1.0Last updated2026-10-22
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

en-US · canonicalzh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:37292 · narrower

Source

library/pcrs/other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment/glass-and-glass-products-and-other-non-metallic-products-n-e-c/wet-process-cemented-porcelain-suspension-insulatorssha256:5a3b7a49fb13…

1. Scope and Applicability

This attributional method covers a complete single ball-and-socket porcelain suspension insulator made by wet mineral preparation, chamber filter pressing, vacuum pugging/extrusion and green turning; drying, glaze and bonded fired-ceramic sand-band application, firing/cooling, required fired finishing and body electrical tests, purchased-metal cap/ball-pin/cotter assembly with onsite qualified Portland-cement mixing and bituminous interface coating, actual curing and final mechanical/electrical acceptance. Start with real kaolin, plastic clay, quartz and feldspar supplied forms, plus actual separately used alumina and process aids. Purchased glaze and coating are whole supplied preparations. The output includes its porcelain shell, malleable-iron cap, forged-steel pin, stainless cotter, retained cement, coating and actual retained water; separable packaging and external string hardware are excluded from net product mass. [jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015]

Exclude bare porcelain shells or unfinished clay bodies; whole suspension strings and line hardware; glass and polymer-composite insulators; pin/post/long-rod/hollow-bushing terminals; clevis couplings; bronze clips, zinc sacrificial sleeves or RTV overcoating; electronic alumina/aluminium-nitride substrates and metallised ceramics; tableware, sanitaryware, ornamental ceramics and grinding media as saleable products; dry/isostatic-press or slip-cast body routes; onsite metal casting/forging/galvanizing and onsite Portland-cement manufacture; installation, use and end of life. Actual route departures require an applicability reassessment with complete new exchanges, not an assumed zero. Additional actual inputs, repairs, species and outlets within the declared route must always be added atomically.

Evidence is a transparent technical synthesis, not one common SKU or measured contemporary plant. JRC distinguishes electrical-porcelain mineral/wet-extrusion manufacture from electronic oxide ceramics and supplies the full process context. Hivolt documents wet processing through cemented hardware, testing and packing, while its illustrated post-shaped products do not independently prove suspension-unit geometry. PPC independently establishes the suspension unit, sand band, malleable-iron cap, galvanized forged ball bolt, stainless locking cotter, Portland cement, bituminous interface and before/after-assembly tests, with clevis and optional zinc-sleeve counterexamples. No historical recipe range, kiln schedule, density, yield, emissions factor, test rating, colour, service life or brand certification is transferred. Manufacturing first release and actual post-release cohort services are separately recorded and can be consolidated without duplicate output.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.glass-and-glass-products-and-other-non-metallic-products-n-e-c.wet-process-cemented-porcelain-suspension-insulators
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:37292; proposed narrower product/route context only
covered_products	One complete ball-and-socket Portland-cemented wet-process porcelain suspension unit within Section 1
excluded_products	Exclude bare porcelain shells or unfinished clay bodies; whole suspension strings and line hardware; glass and polymer-composite insulators; pin/post/long-rod/hollow-bushing terminals; clevis couplings; bronze clips, zinc sacrificial sleeves or RTV overcoating; electronic alumina/aluminium-nitride substrates and metallised ceramics; tableware, sanitaryware, ornamental ceramics and grinding media as saleable products; dry/isostatic-press or slip-cast body routes; onsite metal casting/forging/galvanizing and onsite Portland-cement manufacture; installation, use and end of life. Actual route departures require an applicability reassessment with complete new exchanges, not an assumed zero. Additional actual inputs, repairs, species and outlets within the declared route must always be added atomically.
representative_product	One glazed porcelain shell with a fired bonded sand band and complete specified metal/cement/coating assembly
production_route	Mineral receipt and wet milling → sieving/de-ironing → filter pressing/ageing → vacuum extrusion/turning → drying/glaze/sand band → firing/cooling → actual grinding/body tests → interface coating/grout/assembly/cure → final tests and unique first release → actual cohort packing/storage/dispatch services
market_state	Complete accepted single suspension unit at plant; original-cohort services separately declared through their actually observed horizon

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide the declared electrical separation and mechanical conductor-support function of a single complete suspension unit
How much	1 kg net complete unit at unique first quality release after cure and final acceptance; all released closing FG included
How well	Actual drawing/BOM, material/coupling, dimensions, measured released condition and documented electrical/mechanical acceptance requirements; no default voltage or dielectric strength
How long or cycle	One unique first manufacturing release; subsequent services identified by original cohort and observed horizon H. Electrical service equivalence or life needs separate evidence
reference_flow_link	`finished_unit`

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Electrical insulators of ceramics, insulating fittings, for electrical machines, appliances or equipment, of ceramics `9f9d354b-e947-4973-b3fe-45dd35887f5b`
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	site geography and reporting period; one single-unit suspension design and coupling configuration; complete porcelain cap pin cotter cement coating BOM; raw mineral grade phase supplied form moisture and preparation; whole purchased glaze and coating formulations; actual wet milling filter pressing extrusion turning route; drying glazing sand band firing cooling finishing and cure; actual quality specification tests and released moisture state; unique first-release net-mass Q and measured configuration mass; raw WIP stores and inherited exchange burden vectors; released FG stock dispatch returns and original cohort Qc H; actual utility provider voltage gas composition and meter state; gas liquid species phases media and independent reaction evidence; steam hot-water carrier mass enthalpy and provider water convention; each packaging physical pool ownership all gross receipts exits and stocks; machine die media refractory installed-fluid stocks and observed service; subdivision determining physical causality residual prices and uncertainty; native flow restrictions actual supplier compatibility and unresolved identities

Every qualifier must be declared in the foreground package metadata, reference comment or complete product/process description. Missing qualifiers make applicability incomplete. The full reference-identity restriction also applies to the finished, returned and dispatched unit cards.

One complete single ball-and-socket suspension unit: glazed fired electrical-porcelain shell with bonded fired ceramic sand band, purchased hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap, hot-dip-galvanized forged-steel ball pin, stainless-steel locking cotter, actual qualified Portland cement and bituminous interface compound. Native Product identity is a manufactured finished at-plant ceramic electrical-insulator/fitting family with Mass reference, no fixed grade, route detail, geography, CAS or performance. Primary terminal narrows this compatible family; never use it for a bare porcelain shell, a whole string, glass, polymer or electronic alumina substrate. Declare complete BOM, actual cure/moisture/geometry and tests; no assumed rating, life or kg/item.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Use unique first quality release of the actual complete assembly after cure and tests. Sum net calibrated same-configuration release masses as Q including closing FG; count records require measured complete-unit net mass. No default kg/item.
unit_mass	kaolin; clay; quartz; feldspar; alumina; glaze; band; waterglass; soda; cap; pin; clip; cement; mortar_sand; bitumen; water; diesel; kiln; die; refractory; furniture; balls; filter; abrasive; lime; o2_in; n2_in; argon_in; humidity_in; co2_in; finished_unit; condensate_return; hotwater_return; waste_body; waste_glaze; waste_porcelain; waste_assembly; waste_cement; waste_grind; waste_dust; waste_water; waste_oil; waste_filter; waste_refractory; waste_furniture; waste_die; waste_cap; waste_pin; waste_clip; waste_coating; waste_lime; waste_abrasive; waste_balls; co2_fossil; co2_mineral; co; no; no2; so2; hf; hcl; methane; water_air; quartz_air; kaolinite_air; o2_out; n2_out; argon_out; co2_passthrough; service_return; service_water; pack_crate_purchase; pack_crate_inbound; pack_crate_returned; pack_crate_shipped; pack_crate_return; pack_crate_waste; pack_pallet_purchase; pack_pallet_inbound; pack_pallet_returned; pack_pallet_shipped; pack_pallet_return; pack_pallet_waste; pack_film_purchase; pack_film_inbound; pack_film_returned; pack_film_shipped; pack_film_return; pack_film_waste; pack_strap_purchase; pack_strap_inbound; pack_strap_returned; pack_strap_shipped; pack_strap_return; pack_strap_waste; repair_wood; repair_nail; service_dispatch; service_waste_unit; service_wastewater; mill; retired_mill; filterpress; retired_filterpress; pugmill; retired_pugmill; lathe; retired_lathe; dryer; retired_dryer; testbench; retired_testbench	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Preserve this row native extensive numerator and unit through raw conversion and justified attribution; Section 8 final_exchange performs the sole division by Q or original Qc. Amount-card and aggregation references do not repeat normalization.
unit_net_calorific_value	electricity; service_electricity	Net calorific value `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`	MJ	Preserve this row native extensive numerator and unit through raw conversion and justified attribution; Section 8 final_exchange performs the sole division by Q or original Qc. Amount-card and aggregation references do not repeat normalization.
unit_energy	steam; hotwater	Energy	MJ	Preserve this row native extensive numerator and unit through raw conversion and justified attribution; Section 8 final_exchange performs the sole division by Q or original Qc. Amount-card and aggregation references do not repeat normalization.
unit_volume	gas; oil	Volume `93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66`	m3	Preserve this row native extensive numerator and unit through raw conversion and justified attribution; Section 8 final_exchange performs the sole division by Q or original Qc. Amount-card and aggregation references do not repeat normalization.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Real unfired mineral feeds and whole purchased glaze/coating preparations; purchased complete metal parts and Portland cement; actual water/utilities and physical assets at receipt
starting_condition_role	Purchased supplies are upstream-linked Product inputs; onsite real transformations from raw body preparation through release are foreground; no purchased finished insulator substitutes for manufacture
product_classification_scope	Single specified assembled ceramic suspension unit; CPC is context and not identity or whole-leaf coverage
recursive_input_rule	Any purchased in-scope intermediate/component is one real supplied Product with a compatible upstream boundary; internal slip/green scrap/water/heat transfers cancel. A finished-unit return keeps original history and is not fresh input manufacture
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each actual mineral/formulation/component/utility and observed asset service to a compatible upstream provider; disclose gaps. Do not repeat provider internal energy/emissions
disclosure	All reference qualifiers, supplied versus onsite preparation boundaries, thermal/cure sources and states, raw/WIP/FG stocks/history, gross packaging, assets, allocation and service horizons

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
b_route	selected manufacture	Include every actual raw preparation, shaping, drying, glaze/sand-band step, firing/refiring/cooling, machining, coating, cement mix, assembly/cure and required body/final tests through unique release; retain all rejects, destructive samples, failed batches, zero-output runs, startup/shutdown, idle, cleanup and rework burdens.	`jrc-ceramic-bref-2007`; `hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing`; `ppc-td-insulators-rev2015`
b_stocks	manufacturing exchanges	For each exchange retain opening/closing raw-material, WIP and unassigned non-WIP-store burden vectors. Manufacturing closing-burden subtraction includes only unreleased WIP/raw/unassigned stores; released FG already belongs to Q, cannot be subtracted, and cannot be added again as another production output. Physical stock and burden inheritance use separate ledgers. Independently measure each raw/WIP/non-WIP pool opening and closing physical quantity as well as its full inherited exchange-burden vector; physical mass is not an allocated burden share.	`jrc-ceramic-bref-2007`; `ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010`
b_services	released cohorts	Retain original manufacturing burden with its first-release cohort. Record actual later warehouse, packing, handling, dispatch, returned-product cleaning, retest, breakage and rework as incremental cohort services with original net-mass Qc and observed H. Retesting or delivery never creates Q. Cancel internal release hand-offs on consolidation and retain gross external flows. Any actual post-release repair/re-cementing requires independently documented governing manufacturer/design permission, continued applicability of this complete-unit boundary, required retests and acceptance or waste disposition. Original assembly/test evidence is not permission to restore a failed insulator.	`jrc-ceramic-bref-2007`; `ppc-td-insulators-rev2015`; `ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010`
b_physical	mass species packaging and assets	Reconcile full actual physical gates before burden allocation: all real solids/liquids/gas species, attached water, raw/WIP/FG changes, incoming/outgoing packages, installed equipment and fluids. Do not multiply physical gross masses or stock changes by economic shares. Internal transfers cancel once while actual losses/reprocessing remain.	`jrc-ceramic-bref-2007`; `ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010`
b_extra	actual unlisted exchanges	Add one physically specific card/protocol/provider decision for every actual unlisted chemical, emission species, repair part, fuel, packaging or outlet; a conditional row is absent only with positive absence evidence. Unknown, measured zero, below detection and not applicable are distinct. Whole supplied preparations and their component assays are never double purchases.	`jrc-ceramic-bref-2007`; `ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
manufacture	Wet raw preparation to unique complete-unit first release	required	Selected complete porcelain suspension route; activate actual conditional exchanges	Aggregate foreground with separate receipt/mill/filter/age/pug/turn/dry/glaze/sand-band/fire/cool/grind/body-test/coat/grout/assemble/cure/final-test/utility/abatement/asset subledgers; internal transfers cancel	finished_unit; Q
packaging	Cross-cut packaging custody and observed service	required	Every actual incoming WIP FG empty and reusable package pool	Full physical stock bridge with actual burden attribution separately to manufacturing Q or original-cohort Qc/H; no co-product or additional output	Q; Qc; H; physical_pool
service	Original-cohort post-release services	required	Only actual observed services for traceable original released units	Increment-only FG storage/packing/handling/dispatch/returns/retest/rework ledger; internal manufacturing transfer cancels on consolidation	Qc; H

Process: Wet raw preparation to unique complete-unit first release (`manufacture`)

Inputs

Product flows

Kaolin body feed (`kaolin`)

Purchased kaolin mineral feed as actually received. Measure whole supplied mass and moisture/mineralogy; constituent oxides and structural water are subledgers, not additional purchases.

Selected flow: Kaolin body feed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Plastic ball-clay body feed (`clay`)

Actual natural plastic clay feed to the body mill. Record supplied moisture and any supplier preparation; compatible natural soft-clay identity requires supplier confirmation. Native Product natural-mix soft clay: fine hydrous clay-mineral material with wet plasticity and firing hardening. Use only compatible supplied natural plastic clay; qualify actual ball-clay mineralogy, preparation and moisture, not excavated soil, a prepared body or arbitrary calcined powder.

Selected flow: Soft clay fcf4d467-85fd-4a94-af49-4c2e62684d9a
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Body quartz mineral (`quartz`)

The quartz fraction purchased separately for the body; retain actual loss and mineral conversion evidence. Native Product raw quartz/silica input for green ceramic-insulator body preparation, GLO at plant; no fixed purity, grain size or moisture. Use only actual quartz mineral feed, not amorphous silica, a ready-mixed body or fired sand-band article; qualify supplier assay, size, form and preparation boundary.

Selected flow: Quartz 98b43292-44c8-48b4-ac42-a35569d39339
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Body feldspar flux (`feldspar`)

The separately purchased body flux, not a purchased porcelain body. Native Product as-received feldspar flux for electrical-porcelain green-body batch/forming, GLO at plant; potash/soda-feldspar aliases, no fixed grade/quantity. Qualify actual mineral composition, moisture, size and preparation; not a complete body/glaze formulation.

Selected flow: Feldspar 093a520f-0386-4da6-bcb1-16928df4efbf
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Calcined alumina body powder (`alumina`)

Conditional actual separately supplied calcined alumina in electrical porcelain, with assay, phase, particle size and source route. It does not turn this method into electronic high-purity-alumina substrate manufacture.

Selected flow: Calcined alumina body powder
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Aqueous ceramic glaze suspension (`glaze`)

One actual entire externally supplied formulated glaze suspension. Buy it once including water, frit, pigment and additives; assays are subaccounts. If glaze is actually prepared or modified onsite, replace this row for that fraction with one card for every purchased frit, mineral, pigment, binder and water, plus actual milling/mixing losses and energy; never hide a real constituent behind a zero.

Selected flow: Aqueous ceramic glaze suspension
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Fired ceramic compression-sand granules (`band`)

Actual separately purchased fired ceramic granules bonded by glaze to the shell attachment surface. It is not assumed to be quartz sand. If made onsite, decompose its real mineral feed, forming, firing and losses instead of purchasing it again.

Selected flow: Fired ceramic compression-sand granules
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; jrc-ceramic-bref-2007

Sodium silicate aqueous deflocculant solution (`waterglass`)

Conditional separately supplied whole waterglass solution actually used in body preparation, with modulus, solids and water. A >99.5% melt-route native candidate does not establish the actual aqueous preparation; no binding is adopted.

Selected flow: Sodium silicate aqueous deflocculant solution
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Sodium carbonate deflocculant (`soda`)

Conditional actual separately purchased sodium carbonate preparation; record whole supplied grade and water/hydration. A natural-alkali 95% candidate is not a default for another route/grade.

Selected flow: Sodium carbonate deflocculant
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap (`cap`)

One complete purchased cap including its zinc coating. Record actual alloy, casting/annealing, drawing and coating; not ductile iron, pig iron, forged steel or a galvanized-plate surrogate. Upstream foundry/galvanizing stay in the cap provider.

Selected flow: Hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Forged galvanized ball pin (`pin`)

Complete purchased ball pin ready for assembly; no second purchase of its steel or zinc and no onsite forging assumed. One complete purchased hot-dip-galvanized forged-steel ball pin. Native Product fabricated steel parts immersed in molten zinc; no fixed forging grade or geometry. Strip/galvanized-iron aliases do not establish a cap or ungalvanized billet. Its soldering-rod CPC classification is an isolated taxonomy defect; coherent fabricated-steel/zinc identity is retained separately. Qualify actual steel grade, forging, coating mass and provider; not a malleable-iron cap.

Selected flow: Hot-dip galvanized steel parts 8e8a43f9-c970-4aa8-a415-34fc036bae5e
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Stainless-steel locking cotter (`clip`)

One purchased stainless-steel cotter actually supplied with the ball-and-socket unit. Preserve actual stainless alloy and geometry; bronze clips and whole connection strings are excluded.

Selected flow: Stainless-steel locking cotter
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Electrical-insulator Portland cement (`cement`)

Actual qualified Portland cement purchased dry and mixed onsite with separately metered water. Record formulation, additives, strength class, cure and supplier. Do not prescribe 52.5R, blended cement or calcium-aluminate cement from a candidate name. If purchased as ready mortar, record that entire formulation once instead and remove the duplicate binder/aggregate/water purchases.

Selected flow: Electrical-insulator Portland cement
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Graded quartz mortar sand (`mortar_sand`)

Conditional real separately purchased mortar aggregate only when the qualified cement recipe uses it; not the fired ceramic band. Independently identify mineralogy and grade before binding any quartz-family row.

Selected flow: Graded quartz mortar sand
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; jrc-ceramic-bref-2007

Bituminous interface coating compound (`bitumen`)

Entire supplied compound applied to hardware/cement interfaces, including carrier/solvent/emulsifier if present. Count it once; record dried retention, evaporation/species and coating waste separately. Ordinary asphalt or roofing membrane is not proof of this formulation.

Selected flow: Bituminous interface coating compound
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: ppc-td-insulators-rev2015; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Supplied process and cleaning water (`water`)

External water for milling/filter washing, glazing dilution if separate, grinding, mixing/curing and cleaning. Allocate raw meters by actual stage, including failures; recirculation cancels, water already in purchased formulations is not bought twice. Native Product treated municipal/public potable tap-water supply at plant/to consumer; source and treatment depend on location. Use only actual compatible treated supply, not untreated abstraction, steam, recycled slurry water or a fabricated water density. Its secondary Volume coefficient is not measured density.

Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Manufacturing electricity (`electricity`)

Actual receipt-to-release mill, vacuum, turning, drying, kiln auxiliaries, grinding, cure/test, air/water treatment and handling electricity; include idle/start/stop/rework and shared losses through real attribution. Native Product CN user-side grid-average alternating current below 1 kV, consumption mix to user, reference Net calorific value in MJ. Only a matching CN low-voltage supply may use this binding; declare actual meter/provider/period and replace the identity for another geography, voltage or dedicated generation. Convert measured kWh by 3.6 MJ/kWh before attribution; no upstream generator emissions duplicated.

Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual MJ numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Gaseous pipeline natural gas (`gas`)

Actual whole supplied fuel for the declared dryer/kiln, with gas state, meter conditions, composition, independent density and heating value. Preserve m3, carrier kg and heat MJ separately; never reuse the unrelated fixed Jiangsu NGCC-case composition or treat methane CAS as proof of a mixture.

Selected flow: Gaseous pipeline natural gas
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual m3 numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Site diesel fuel (`diesel`)

Conditional actual handling/backup fuel. Include real combustion species and losses; external freight supply is linked separately if present. Native Product diesel fuel on Mass basis; grade, whole formulation, density, heating value, refinery route, geography and provider unspecified. Collect the actual complete purchased fuel including additives and assay; measure density at actual state for volume records. No heating-value or refinery default is implied.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_utility
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Purchased saturated-water-steam heat (`steam`)

Only actual purchased steam service for drying/cure. Record pressure, temperature, quality, gross steam mass and return condensate mass/state; heat is measured/determined from independent enthalpy states. Declare whether provider includes carrier-water supply and return. One provider burden only; no invented onsite boiler, additional tap-water purchase or duplicated full-provider steam/water flows.

Selected flow: Purchased saturated-water-steam heat
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual MJ numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_heat
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Purchased hot-water heat (`hotwater`)

Only actual external hot-water heat exchange/cure service. Record carrier mass separately with supply/return temperature and enthalpy, provider water convention and losses; no water-density or cold-return default and no duplicate heat/fuel provider.

Selected flow: Purchased hot-water heat
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual MJ numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_heat
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Ceramic shuttle-kiln assembly (`kiln`)

Actual kiln acquisition/replacement stock and inherited service; constituent equipment/subcomponents are disjoint and never a whole kiln per kg.

Selected flow: Ceramic shuttle-kiln assembly
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Steel forming die (`die`)

Actual forming die only where used; keep new, installed, repaired and retired mass separate. Vacuum turning without a die does not create a fictitious mould.

Selected flow: Steel forming die
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Aluminosilicate refractory lining brick (`refractory`)

Actual identified refractory grade/installation and removal; record old/new parts, moisture and captured residue independently, no fixed lifetime.

Selected flow: Aluminosilicate refractory lining brick
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Mullite kiln-furniture plate (`furniture`)

Only actual mullite plate, including fresh additions, retained stock and abrasion/breakage; add separate cards for actual other furniture materials.

Selected flow: Mullite kiln-furniture plate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Alumina grinding ball (`balls`)

Actual ceramic grinding medium article, not body alumina powder; keep opening/closing media and abrasion entering slip or waste.

Selected flow: Alumina grinding ball
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Hydraulic-fluid charge (`oil`)

Only actual equipment fluid top-up or replacement; keep installed charge and retired fluid in the physical stock ledger while assigning observed service burden separately. Native Product whole formulated hydraulic fluid: mineral or synthetic base oil plus performance additives; no fixed grade/route/geography. Reference Volume in m3, not Mass. Collect the actual complete fluid and independently measure its state-specific density when kg is required; keep installed fluid stocks and recovered waste separately, never buy base oil/additives again.

Selected flow: Hydraulic Fluid 30691a38-a947-4b41-991e-194f6c9aa88f
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual m3 numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Polypropylene filter cloth (`filter`)

Only actual polypropylene cloth for dewatering or identified filtration, with construction/additives; captured solids and spent cloth remain separate.

Selected flow: Polypropylene filter cloth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Diamond grinding wheel (`abrasive`)

Actual supplied whole bonded wheel for fired-porcelain finishing; include metal/resin bond in the article, not another diamond purchase, and account abrasion/loss.

Selected flow: Diamond grinding wheel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Dry slaked-lime sorbent (`lime`)

Conditional actual dry calcium-hydroxide preparation for acid-gas treatment. Whole supplied grade and moisture, reactions and spent sorbent are measured; flash-smelting-route candidate is not adopted.

Selected flow: Dry slaked-lime sorbent
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_material
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007

Ceramic-body ball mill (`mill`)

Actual independently identified machine acquisition/replacement physical stock and inherited service. Record complete machine versus disjoint replacement parts, retained installed fluids, actual maintenance, deployment and retirement; no default life or one complete machine per kg. Add each actually used separate grinding/curing/handling or mechanical-test asset in its own card.

Selected flow: Ceramic-body ball mill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Chamber filter-press assembly (`filterpress`)

Selected flow: Chamber filter-press assembly
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Vacuum de-airing pug mill (`pugmill`)

Selected flow: Vacuum de-airing pug mill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Porcelain green-turning lathe (`lathe`)

Selected flow: Porcelain green-turning lathe
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Ceramic chamber dryer (`dryer`)

Selected flow: Ceramic chamber dryer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Insulator electrical test bench (`testbench`)

Selected flow: Insulator electrical test bench
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Elementary flows

Ambient molecular oxygen (`o2_in`)

Gross O2 entering combustion/ventilation, retained separately from outlet O2 and reaction consumption. Native Elementary resource from air, renewable element resource, molecular oxygen CAS 7782-44-7, Mass/kg. Record measured gaseous O2 entering with ambient air; liquid, ion, isotope and assay-product aliases do not establish those states. Never substitute purchased industrial oxygen or an aggregate air input on top of these species.

Selected flow: oxygen e2fb04b0-6555-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Ambient molecular nitrogen (`n2_in`)

Gross N2 inlet, independent of any actual nitrogen conversion or outlet; no total-air double entry. Native Elementary resource from air, molecular dinitrogen CAS 7727-37-9, Mass/kg; the native comment explicitly clarifies dinitrogen. Use actual ambient N2 only, not total nitrogen, NOx, nitrous oxide, liquid or isotope-specific supply.

Selected flow: dinitrogen 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96e4-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Ambient argon (`argon_in`)

Actual non-radioactive natural argon entering air; native candidates with isotope/long-term constraints are not silently adopted.

Selected flow: Ambient argon
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Ambient water vapour (`humidity_in`)

Actual inlet humidity from measured air conditions, distinct from purchased process water and reaction water.

Selected flow: Ambient water vapour
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Ambient carbon dioxide (`co2_in`)

Measured inlet atmospheric CO2, carried independently through balances; do not count inlet pass-through as generated fossil carbon.

Selected flow: Ambient carbon dioxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Outputs

Product flows

First-released complete suspension unit (`finished_unit`)

The unique manufacturing reference output is 1 kg net complete unit at first quality release after actual assembly, cure and acceptance tests; all released closing FG is already included in Q. Exclude packaging and external string hardware. One complete single ball-and-socket suspension unit: glazed fired electrical-porcelain shell with bonded fired ceramic sand band, purchased hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap, hot-dip-galvanized forged-steel ball pin, stainless-steel locking cotter, actual qualified Portland cement and bituminous interface compound. Native Product identity is a manufactured finished at-plant ceramic electrical-insulator/fitting family with Mass reference, no fixed grade, route detail, geography, CAS or performance. Primary terminal narrows this compatible family; never use it for a bare porcelain shell, a whole string, glass, polymer or electronic alumina substrate. Declare complete BOM, actual cure/moisture/geometry and tests; no assumed rating, life or kg/item.

Selected flow: Electrical insulators of ceramics, insulating fittings, for electrical machines, appliances or equipment, of ceramics 9f9d354b-e947-4973-b3fe-45dd35887f5b
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: 1 kg
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_release
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Steam condensate returned to supplier (`condensate_return`)

Only actual external supplier return, with independently measured mass, temperature, pressure/enthalpy and water-burden convention. Internal condensate transfer cancels; sewered condensate is a separate real wastewater route.

Selected flow: Steam condensate returned to supplier
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_heat
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Heat-exchange water returned to supplier (`hotwater_return`)

Actual external heat-carrier liquid return, retaining its measured state/enthalpy and mass; no default cold water, export credit or duplicate water provider.

Selected flow: Heat-exchange water returned to supplier
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_heat
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Waste flows

Unfired porcelain-body sludge (`waste_body`)

External unrecovered body-preparation/green-trimming sludge, with actual water/solids and destination. Eligible internal green scrap cancels as a transfer, retaining real reprocessing.

Selected flow: Unfired porcelain-body sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Ceramic glaze sludge (`waste_glaze`)

Actual glaze bath/spray/cleaning residue; identify actual metal species and water, not a total-metal elemental emission invented from COD.

Selected flow: Ceramic glaze sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Fired porcelain-shell reject (`waste_porcelain`)

External bare fired shell rejected before assembly, including destructive-test pieces; not a whole cap-pin unit or unfired recyclable body.

Selected flow: Fired porcelain-shell reject
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Rejected assembled porcelain suspension unit (`waste_assembly`)

Actual complete rejected assembly leaving as one consignment, with porcelain/metal/cement/coating composition subledger. If dismantled before exit, replace its mass by separate actual component exits; never count both.

Selected flow: Rejected assembled porcelain suspension unit
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Portland-cement mortar reject (`waste_cement`)

Actual leftover grout/failed cement mix including bound/free water at measured state, not an automatic co-product.

Selected flow: Portland-cement mortar reject
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Porcelain grinding sludge (`waste_grind`)

Actual grinding/cutting slurry leaving the site, with moisture/solids and tool fragments; segregate from fired dry rejects.

Selected flow: Porcelain grinding sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Captured ceramic kiln dust (`waste_dust`)

One actual collected dust waste; retain phase/element assays and measured water, separate from atmospheric species.

Selected flow: Captured ceramic kiln dust
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Ceramic process wastewater (`waste_water`)

Actual wastewater consignment to a declared offsite treatment provider; preserve whole liquid mass and separate measured contaminant indicators. Onsite treatment requires every real reagent, sludge and final speciated discharge separately, never whole wastewater plus its full constituents twice.

Selected flow: Ceramic process wastewater
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent hydraulic fluid (`waste_oil`)

Actual drained or leaked-and-collected whole fluid, with contamination/water; not virgin-fluid or generic oil-mist identity.

Selected flow: Spent hydraulic fluid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent polypropylene filter cloth (`waste_filter`)

Actual retired cloth and retained moisture/attached residues, separating any residues already weighed as other waste.

Selected flow: Spent polypropylene filter cloth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent aluminosilicate refractory brick (`waste_refractory`)

Actual removed old refractory, with contamination/moisture, not current-period consumption inferred from a fixed life.

Selected flow: Spent aluminosilicate refractory brick
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent mullite kiln-furniture plate (`waste_furniture`)

Actual breakage/retirement, distinct from retained installed stock and refractory lining.

Selected flow: Spent mullite kiln-furniture plate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Retired steel forming die (`waste_die`)

Actual retired die mass, repaired parts and new parts reconciled separately.

Selected flow: Retired steel forming die
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Scrap galvanized malleable-iron cap (`waste_cap`)

Actual separately removed cap; never count again when exiting inside the whole rejected assembly.

Selected flow: Scrap galvanized malleable-iron cap
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Scrap galvanized forged-steel ball pin (`waste_pin`)

Actual separate pin scrap, preserving steel and zinc subledger without a second gross-mass entry.

Selected flow: Scrap galvanized forged-steel ball pin
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Scrap stainless-steel cotter (`waste_clip`)

Actual separate cotter scrap; qualify alloy and destination.

Selected flow: Scrap stainless-steel cotter
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Bituminous coating-compound waste (`waste_coating`)

Actual unused/removed coating with solvent/water retained as measured, distinct from speciated evaporation.

Selected flow: Bituminous coating-compound waste
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent calcium-hydroxide sorbent (`waste_lime`)

Actual acid-gas treatment spent sorbent with reaction products/moisture, not assumed unchanged virgin lime.

Selected flow: Spent calcium-hydroxide sorbent
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent diamond grinding wheel (`waste_abrasive`)

Actual retired bonded wheel and disjoint wear transfer; no full unused wheel assumed per unit.

Selected flow: Spent diamond grinding wheel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Spent alumina grinding ball (`waste_balls`)

Actual removed medium; abrasion remaining in body or sludge is disjoint.

Selected flow: Spent alumina grinding ball
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing; ppc-td-insulators-rev2015

Retired Ceramic-body ball mill (`retired_mill`)

Actual retired machine leaving as one consignment, with fluids/residues separately measured; dismantled components replace the whole-machine exit and are not counted again. Gross physical retirement is independent of current-period service allocation.

Selected flow: Retired Ceramic-body ball mill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Retired Chamber filter-press assembly (`retired_filterpress`)

Selected flow: Retired Chamber filter-press assembly
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Retired Vacuum de-airing pug mill (`retired_pugmill`)

Selected flow: Retired Vacuum de-airing pug mill
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Retired Porcelain green-turning lathe (`retired_lathe`)

Selected flow: Retired Porcelain green-turning lathe
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Retired Ceramic chamber dryer (`retired_dryer`)

Selected flow: Retired Ceramic chamber dryer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Retired Insulator electrical test bench (`retired_testbench`)

Selected flow: Retired Insulator electrical test bench
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_asset
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide (`co2_fossil`)

Actual newly generated fossil CO2 only. Native Elementary fossil carbon dioxide CAS 124-38-9 emitted to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Bind only measured/independently derived fossil-origin molecular CO2; broad dry-ice/ion/isotope aliases do not change this gas/medium. Separate mineral-carbon release, biogenic carbon and inlet-air pass-through; never label all carbon or CO as CO2.

Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Mineral-origin carbon dioxide (`co2_mineral`)

Only independent mineral carbonate/carbon balance and measured reaction evidence establishes this release; do not copy fossil or biogenic identity.

Selected flow: Mineral-origin carbon dioxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Fossil carbon monoxide (`co`)

Only actual speciated fossil CO; other origins need separate appropriate cards. Native Elementary fossil carbon monoxide CAS 630-08-0 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Use measured molecular gaseous CO of verified fossil origin; cryogenic-liquid/flue-gas aliases do not make this a whole exhaust mixture or a biogenic flow.

Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Nitrogen monoxide (`no`)

Separate actual NO rather than assigning a NOx total. Native Elementary nitrogen monoxide CAS 10102-43-9 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Use independently speciated NO gas only; broad nitrogen-oxide/nitrosyl aliases and NOx-as-NO2 monitoring cannot determine NO mass.

Selected flow: nitrogen monoxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96ee-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Nitrogen dioxide (`no2`)

Actual molecular NO2 CAS 10102-44-0 requires separate speciation. A native candidate has only dinitrogen-tetroxide synonyms and is not bound; no inferred NO/NO2 ratio.

Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Sulfur dioxide (`so2`)

Actual speciated SO2 from fuel/mineral sulfur with independent partition evidence. Native Elementary sulfur dioxide CAS 7446-09-5 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Only actual molecular SO2, not all SOx, sulfur, sulfate particulate or an equivalent concentration; qualify actual air destination.

Selected flow: sulfur dioxide fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac48-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Hydrogen fluoride (`hf`)

Actual speciated HF after any abatement, not all fluorine expressed as HF. Native Elementary hydrogen fluoride CAS 7664-39-3 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Use measured gaseous molecular HF with actual speciation; acid/isotope/fluorine-group aliases do not identify total fluorine or fluoride salts. Do not transfer BREF fluorine-as-HF numbers as molecular mass.

Selected flow: hydrogen fluoride 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9804-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Hydrogen chloride (`hcl`)

Actual speciated HCl after any abatement. Native Elementary hydrogen chloride CAS 7647-01-0 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Restrict to actual molecular gaseous HCl, not aqueous cleaner, dissolved chloride, acid solution or radioactive/isotope aliases. Total chlorine-as-HCl is insufficient speciation.

Selected flow: hydrogen chloride fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aab0-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Fossil methane (`methane`)

Actual fugitive/unburned methane CAS74-82-8 requires independent speciation; mixed formaldehyde/carbon aliases and long-term candidates do not establish the current flow.

Selected flow: Fossil methane
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Water vapour to air (`water_air`)

Total actual outlet vapour with separately measured/demonstrated evaporation, reaction and inlet-humidity components. Do not count subcomponents as additional total mass. Native Elementary water vapour CAS 7732-18-5 to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Use actual gaseous H2O, excluding liquid water, ice, heavy/tritiated-water and bound-water aliases. Track free evaporation, independently demonstrated clay dehydroxylation/combustion water and inlet humidity separately in the water subledger; no freshwater emission substitution.

Selected flow: water vapour fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac04-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Crystalline quartz particulate to air (`quartz_air`)

Only independently identified crystalline SiO2 particulate with actual size/media; total dust/PM is not a chemical identity and cannot infer the quartz fraction.

Selected flow: Crystalline quartz particulate to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Kaolinite particulate to air (`kaolinite_air`)

Only measured kaolinite mineral particulate, distinct from quartz or fired mullite/glassy particulate. A ground-resource kaolinite row is not an air emission.

Selected flow: Kaolinite particulate to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Outlet molecular oxygen (`o2_out`)

Actual residual gaseous O2 exiting the air boundary; balance gross inlet, consumption and other oxygen-bearing species. A manufactured oxygen Product or stratospheric/long-term emission is unsuitable. Native Elementary molecular oxygen CAS7782-44-7 emitted to unspecified air, Mass/kg. Use actual residual O2 gas only, distinct from its resource inlet and industrial oxygen Product; liquid/ion/isotope/assay aliases do not establish those forms. Preserve full gross inlet/outlet/consumption balance and the official Chinese display 氧.

Selected flow: oxygen 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9745-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Outlet molecular nitrogen (`n2_out`)

Actual N2 outlet; independent nitrogen balance does not turn NOx or total nitrogen into N2. Native Elementary dinitrogen CAS7727-37-9 to unspecified air, Mass/kg; native comment clarifies molecular N2. Use actual gaseous outlet N2, not total nitrogen excluding N2, NOx, N2O, cryogenic liquid or isotope-specific material. Keep gross inlet/outlet and independently constrained conversion.

Selected flow: dinitrogen fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aad2-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Outlet argon (`argon_out`)

Actual non-radioactive natural argon outlet at the real air destination; preserve measured state and gross pass-through.

Selected flow: Outlet argon
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Atmospheric carbon dioxide pass-through (`co2_passthrough`)

Actual inlet atmospheric CO2 leaving unchanged, traced separately from fossil/mineral reaction emissions; no generated-emission or automatic credit claim.

Selected flow: Atmospheric carbon dioxide pass-through
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Use the sole unit result defined in Section 8 with this row attributable raw numerator and matching Q or original Qc; preserve actual kg numerator.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_species
Sources: jrc-ceramic-bref-2007; ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Raw downloads

These files are byte-identical to the canonical files for this revision in the repository.

pcr.en-US.md181 KB · 5a3b7a49fb13…
manifest.yaml8.0 KB · 2f2e62cd6b45…
pcr.zh-CN.md148 KB · 60feaedd5424…
structured.yaml224 KB · ebda560c34e6…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`b_route`	selected manufacture	Include every actual raw preparation, shaping, drying, glaze/sand-band step, firing/refiring/cooling, machining, coating, cement mix, assembly/cure and required body/final tests through unique release; retain all rejects, destructive samples, failed batches, zero-output runs, startup/shutdown, idle, cleanup and rework burdens.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing, ppc-td-insulators-rev2015
`b_stocks`	manufacturing exchanges	For each exchange retain opening/closing raw-material, WIP and unassigned non-WIP-store burden vectors. Manufacturing closing-burden subtraction includes only unreleased WIP/raw/unassigned stores; released FG already belongs to Q, cannot be subtracted, and cannot be added again as another production output. Physical stock and burden inheritance use separate ledgers. Independently measure each raw/WIP/non-WIP pool opening and closing physical quantity as well as its full inherited exchange-burden vector; physical mass is not an allocated burden share.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`b_services`	released cohorts	Retain original manufacturing burden with its first-release cohort. Record actual later warehouse, packing, handling, dispatch, returned-product cleaning, retest, breakage and rework as incremental cohort services with original net-mass Qc and observed H. Retesting or delivery never creates Q. Cancel internal release hand-offs on consolidation and retain gross external flows. Any actual post-release repair/re-cementing requires independently documented governing manufacturer/design permission, continued applicability of this complete-unit boundary, required retests and acceptance or waste disposition. Original assembly/test evidence is not permission to restore a failed insulator.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ppc-td-insulators-rev2015, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`b_physical`	mass species packaging and assets	Reconcile full actual physical gates before burden allocation: all real solids/liquids/gas species, attached water, raw/WIP/FG changes, incoming/outgoing packages, installed equipment and fluids. Do not multiply physical gross masses or stock changes by economic shares. Internal transfers cancel once while actual losses/reprocessing remain.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`b_extra`	actual unlisted exchanges	Add one physically specific card/protocol/provider decision for every actual unlisted chemical, emission species, repair part, fuel, packaging or outlet; a conditional row is absent only with positive absence evidence. Unknown, measured zero, below detection and not applicable are distinct. Whole supplied preparations and their component assays are never double purchases.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010

Allocation rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`a_subdivide`	multifunctional operations	Use an attributional study situation and identify actual co-functions. First use dedicated collection, actual subdivision or justified virtual subdivision to assign each exchange and observed asset/utility service to the function that determines it. Avoid an arbitrary mass/economic toggle or a universal share.	ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`a_causality`	remaining shared exchanges	For each remaining exchange demonstrate an exchange-specific determining physical causal relationship using measured operating drivers and the correct extensive property. Equal product masses alone do not prove equal firing/turning/test demand; no fitted residual is causal evidence. Preserve allocation sums and uncertainty.	ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`a_residual`	non-subdividable residual common process	Only genuinely unresolved residual burdens use a common process gate and contemporaneous market values for actual co-functions in their actual condition at exit; retain price period, quantities, market, sensitivity and justification. No fixed ratio, automatic substitution credit, or co-product status for internal scrap, waste, returned packaging or heat presumed absent.	ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`asset_manufacture_conservation`	existing capital/reusable manufacture attribution	Within the applicable allocation decision context, original manufacture burden attributed across uses of actual capital equipment or reusable articles already included in foreground production, packaging or observed services uses one persistent same-asset ledger across all crops, products, cohorts, manufacturing/postrelease services, owners and observation periods. D is its supported whole installed service: all realized historical service plus supported remaining service in the same units as actual beneficiary use u; D must be finite and positive. Period capacity, remaining-only capacity, the physical asset/article mass alone, or current-period product Q alone is not D; supported whole-service throughput in mass units may be used when it demonstrates the causal service and matches u. This does not amortize the manufactured reference product over downstream life or change its declared reference gate/Q. The fractions u/D and all previously assigned manufacture shares together must never exceed 1. Changes of window, custody, provider or repair never restart the original manufacture balance. Replacements have distinct identities and only their real new manufacture vectors; actual repair and treatment increments remain separately accounted. Revised capacity evidence requires transparent reconciliation of prior shares and sensitivity, not a fresh ledger. Keep full physical mass and stock movements independent of burden shares. Unknown D, prior shares or beneficiary coverage requires review and no final manufacture-attributed amount; no assumed lifetime, utilization, zero or arbitrary division is permitted. For each existing collection protocol that attributes manufacture of included production, packaging or observed-service assets across uses in this route (excluding amortization of the manufactured reference product itself), additionally retain a durable asset identity, its measured full physical mass and acquisition/installation/retirement stock history, original manufacture burden vector, all historical and current beneficiaries, matched-unit service readings, the evidenced whole installed-service denominator D, supported remaining-service basis and uncertainty, prior assigned shares and remaining original manufacture balance. Carry the ledger across reporting windows and custody/provider changes. Collect actual repair, replacement, recovery and treatment separately; these records do not normalize physical movements or create an additional asset purchase. These are added fields and conservation obligations for the existing applicable protocols, not a new assumed capital inventory.

Validation rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`v_scope`	product and applicability	Verify one complete specified single suspension unit and the whole wet-manufacture route, BOM and tests. Reject bare-shell/whole-string substitution and incompatible glass/polymer/electronic-oxide or forming/assembly states.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing, ppc-td-insulators-rev2015
`v_identity`	all consuming cards	Verify every adopted identity against its complete native restrictions and exact property/reference-unit chain; all source roles and source_ids remain visible. Resolve actual supplier compatibility or disclose the specific gap before dataset binding. A missing core product identity prevents usable methodology; ordinary auxiliary/provider quantities do not establish a scientific hold by themselves.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`v_q`	quantity history and normalization	Verify Q and original Qc from unique first-release net masses with complete FG/raw/WIP/store history; no subtraction of released closing FG, duplicate output, net-delivery reversal, assumed kg/item or repeated quotient. Q=0 retains loads without a unit result.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`v_physical`	manufacture FG service consolidation	Check complete physical mass/relevant elements, independent actual species/water/enthalpy evidence, gross packaging pools, all installed/loose assets and fluids, and disjoint whole/dismantled exits. A single residual is not two measurements. No economic share may shrink gross physical flows.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`v_complete`	finite checks and evidence limits	Require every applicable atomic exchange, correct extensive unit, raw protocol, one final calculation and complete source/native context in both renderings and projection. Unmeasured is not zero; unresolved applicability or unsupported measurements remain review findings. Schema/projection/finite measurement checks confer no science/translation approval, accepted CPC mapping or publication.	jrc-ceramic-bref-2007, hivolt-porcelain-manufacturing, ppc-td-insulators-rev2015, ilcd-detailed-guidance-2010
`validate_asset_manufacture_conservation`	existing capital/reusable manufacture attribution	For every included capital/reusable manufacture attribution verify same-asset continuity, whole installed service in matched units, all historical/current beneficiaries, prior assigned manufacture shares and cumulative share <= 1. Reject a reset by period, cohort, provider, owner or repair. Check distinct real replacement and incremental repair/treatment vectors separately and preserve gross physical mass. A missing denominator, unexplained previous allocation or incomplete beneficiary ledger requires explicit review and an unavailable final attributed amount; structural inspection cannot claim empirical completeness.

Processes and inputs/outputs · 3

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`manufacture`	Wet raw preparation to unique complete-unit first release	41	45
`packaging`	Cross-cut packaging custody and observed service	14	12
`service`	Original-cohort post-release services	3	3

Complete field inspector

Loads this record’s complete manifest and structured projection on demand; values are never truncated. Requires JavaScript.

Wet-process cemented porcelain suspension insulators

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Wet raw preparation to unique complete-unit first release (manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Kaolin body feed (kaolin)

Plastic ball-clay body feed (clay)

Body quartz mineral (quartz)

Body feldspar flux (feldspar)

Calcined alumina body powder (alumina)

Aqueous ceramic glaze suspension (glaze)

Fired ceramic compression-sand granules (band)

Sodium silicate aqueous deflocculant solution (waterglass)

Sodium carbonate deflocculant (soda)

Hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap (cap)

Forged galvanized ball pin (pin)

Stainless-steel locking cotter (clip)

Electrical-insulator Portland cement (cement)

Graded quartz mortar sand (mortar_sand)

Bituminous interface coating compound (bitumen)

Supplied process and cleaning water (water)

Manufacturing electricity (electricity)

Gaseous pipeline natural gas (gas)

Site diesel fuel (diesel)

Purchased saturated-water-steam heat (steam)

Purchased hot-water heat (hotwater)

Ceramic shuttle-kiln assembly (kiln)

Steel forming die (die)

Aluminosilicate refractory lining brick (refractory)

Mullite kiln-furniture plate (furniture)

Alumina grinding ball (balls)

Hydraulic-fluid charge (oil)

Polypropylene filter cloth (filter)

Diamond grinding wheel (abrasive)

Dry slaked-lime sorbent (lime)

Ceramic-body ball mill (mill)

Chamber filter-press assembly (filterpress)

Vacuum de-airing pug mill (pugmill)

Porcelain green-turning lathe (lathe)

Ceramic chamber dryer (dryer)

Insulator electrical test bench (testbench)

Elementary flows

Ambient molecular oxygen (o2_in)

Ambient molecular nitrogen (n2_in)

Ambient argon (argon_in)

Ambient water vapour (humidity_in)

Ambient carbon dioxide (co2_in)

Outputs

Product flows

First-released complete suspension unit (finished_unit)

Steam condensate returned to supplier (condensate_return)

Heat-exchange water returned to supplier (hotwater_return)

Waste flows

Unfired porcelain-body sludge (waste_body)

Ceramic glaze sludge (waste_glaze)

Fired porcelain-shell reject (waste_porcelain)

Rejected assembled porcelain suspension unit (waste_assembly)

Portland-cement mortar reject (waste_cement)

Porcelain grinding sludge (waste_grind)

Captured ceramic kiln dust (waste_dust)

Ceramic process wastewater (waste_water)

Spent hydraulic fluid (waste_oil)

Spent polypropylene filter cloth (waste_filter)

Spent aluminosilicate refractory brick (waste_refractory)

Spent mullite kiln-furniture plate (waste_furniture)

Retired steel forming die (waste_die)

Scrap galvanized malleable-iron cap (waste_cap)

Scrap galvanized forged-steel ball pin (waste_pin)

Scrap stainless-steel cotter (waste_clip)

Process: Wet raw preparation to unique complete-unit first release (`manufacture`)

Kaolin body feed (`kaolin`)

Plastic ball-clay body feed (`clay`)

Body quartz mineral (`quartz`)

Body feldspar flux (`feldspar`)

Calcined alumina body powder (`alumina`)

Aqueous ceramic glaze suspension (`glaze`)

Fired ceramic compression-sand granules (`band`)

Sodium silicate aqueous deflocculant solution (`waterglass`)

Sodium carbonate deflocculant (`soda`)

Hot-dip-galvanized malleable-iron cap (`cap`)

Forged galvanized ball pin (`pin`)

Stainless-steel locking cotter (`clip`)

Electrical-insulator Portland cement (`cement`)

Graded quartz mortar sand (`mortar_sand`)

Bituminous interface coating compound (`bitumen`)

Supplied process and cleaning water (`water`)

Manufacturing electricity (`electricity`)

Gaseous pipeline natural gas (`gas`)

Site diesel fuel (`diesel`)

Purchased saturated-water-steam heat (`steam`)

Purchased hot-water heat (`hotwater`)

Ceramic shuttle-kiln assembly (`kiln`)

Steel forming die (`die`)

Aluminosilicate refractory lining brick (`refractory`)

Mullite kiln-furniture plate (`furniture`)

Alumina grinding ball (`balls`)

Hydraulic-fluid charge (`oil`)

Polypropylene filter cloth (`filter`)

Diamond grinding wheel (`abrasive`)

Dry slaked-lime sorbent (`lime`)

Ceramic-body ball mill (`mill`)

Chamber filter-press assembly (`filterpress`)

Vacuum de-airing pug mill (`pugmill`)

Porcelain green-turning lathe (`lathe`)

Ceramic chamber dryer (`dryer`)

Insulator electrical test bench (`testbench`)

Ambient molecular oxygen (`o2_in`)

Ambient molecular nitrogen (`n2_in`)

Ambient argon (`argon_in`)

Ambient water vapour (`humidity_in`)

Ambient carbon dioxide (`co2_in`)

First-released complete suspension unit (`finished_unit`)

Steam condensate returned to supplier (`condensate_return`)

Heat-exchange water returned to supplier (`hotwater_return`)

Unfired porcelain-body sludge (`waste_body`)

Ceramic glaze sludge (`waste_glaze`)

Fired porcelain-shell reject (`waste_porcelain`)

Rejected assembled porcelain suspension unit (`waste_assembly`)

Portland-cement mortar reject (`waste_cement`)

Porcelain grinding sludge (`waste_grind`)

Captured ceramic kiln dust (`waste_dust`)

Ceramic process wastewater (`waste_water`)

Spent hydraulic fluid (`waste_oil`)

Spent polypropylene filter cloth (`waste_filter`)

Spent aluminosilicate refractory brick (`waste_refractory`)

Spent mullite kiln-furniture plate (`waste_furniture`)

Retired steel forming die (`waste_die`)

Scrap galvanized malleable-iron cap (`waste_cap`)

Scrap galvanized forged-steel ball pin (`waste_pin`)

Scrap stainless-steel cotter (`waste_clip`)

Bituminous coating-compound waste (`waste_coating`)

Spent calcium-hydroxide sorbent (`waste_lime`)

Spent diamond grinding wheel (`waste_abrasive`)

Spent alumina grinding ball (`waste_balls`)

Retired Ceramic-body ball mill (`retired_mill`)

Retired Chamber filter-press assembly (`retired_filterpress`)

Retired Vacuum de-airing pug mill (`retired_pugmill`)

Retired Porcelain green-turning lathe (`retired_lathe`)

Retired Ceramic chamber dryer (`retired_dryer`)

Retired Insulator electrical test bench (`retired_testbench`)

Fossil carbon dioxide (`co2_fossil`)

Mineral-origin carbon dioxide (`co2_mineral`)

Fossil carbon monoxide (`co`)

Nitrogen monoxide (`no`)

Nitrogen dioxide (`no2`)

Sulfur dioxide (`so2`)

Hydrogen fluoride (`hf`)

Hydrogen chloride (`hcl`)

Fossil methane (`methane`)