Copper ores and concentrates

1. Scope and Applicability

Supply of copper ores and mineral concentrates at one declared mine, concentrator-loading or explicitly included delivery gate. Cover sulfide, oxide, native-copper and mixed mineral ores, surface or underground extraction, and standalone preparation of supplied ores. Follow actual crushing, sorting, gravity separation, grinding, flotation, thickening, filtration and drying rather than imposing sulfide flotation on oxide/native ores or on a run-of-mine product. Mixed-metal bulk concentrates require confirmed copper-category identity, mineral/metal assays and joint-product allocation; each dataset declares one actual output state. Include any actual thermal ore preparation only when its output remains a qualified ore/mineral-concentrate feed; record transformed phases and sulfur/offgas balance, with separate actual treatment and emission rows. This condition does not automatically classify a calcine as ore. Copper-bearing slag, dross and recycled scrap require separate secondary-material methodologies, not an ore identity inferred from copper content. Dissolution/leach solution, solvent extraction/electrowinning, cement copper, smelting matte, blister/anode/cathode copper and refined compounds are distinct downstream product gates. Do not use their yield or metal kilogram as the mineral-product denominator. Include attributable development, closure, handling, tailings/water/dust controls and transport only through the selected gate. epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.metal-ores.copper-ores-and-concentrates
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:14210
covered_products	Copper mineral ores and concentrates, including sulfide, oxide, native-copper and mixed-mineral ore states; confirmed copper-category bulk concentrates and qualified normally prepared mineral feeds
excluded_products	Smelting matte; blister/anode/cathode or cement copper; leach solutions and separated refined compounds; copper-industry slag/dross or recycled scrap; transport-only service; precious-metal or other-metal concentrates with a different declared category
representative_product	Copper ore at declared mineral-product gate
production_route	Mine development and closure; Copper-ore extraction; Ore preparation and concentration; Qualified mineral-feed thermal preparation; Tailings water and emission management; Included product delivery; Accepted mineral-product handling
market_state	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply1 kg of qualified copper ore or mineral concentrate in its declared state; report contained copper separately without claiming equivalence to1 kg copper metal
How much	1 kg
How well	site/year; geological/mineralogical ore identity; sulfide/oxide/native/mixed route; surface/underground or supplied ore; ore versus concentrate and actual processing/thermal state; dry-basis Cu, sulfur, associated metals and deleterious-element assays; free moisture and grading; actual gate and transport inclusion; accepted output and stock; measured recovery and tailings fate; water source/basin/return; co-product classification, upstream provider and allocation; lifetime development output; representative UUID applies only to generic supplied copper ore, not grade-specific concentrate or geological elementary resource
How long or cycle	One gate supply within a declared production period
reference_flow_link	final_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Copper ore 7f574b09-9b2c-47e2-b38d-a883f15ddeeb
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	site/year; geological/mineralogical ore identity; sulfide/oxide/native/mixed route; surface/underground or supplied ore; ore versus concentrate and actual processing/thermal state; dry-basis Cu, sulfur, associated metals and deleterious-element assays; free moisture and grading; actual gate and transport inclusion; accepted output and stock; measured recovery and tailings fate; water source/basin/return; co-product classification, upstream provider and allocation; lifetime development output; representative UUID applies only to generic supplied copper ore, not grade-specific concentrate or geological elementary resource

Declare all qualifiers in dataset metadata or reference-flow comments. The representative identity is usable only for its confirmed product state, geography and property; resolve a distinct flow for incompatible variants. It does not impose a default product composition.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_basis	final_product	Mass	kg	D is the positive accepted net gate-output total in kg. Exclude packaging and cancelled internal transfers. cp_output records D; every card uses per 1 kg reference flow.
conversion	utility and material rows	Declared row property	kg; m3; MJ	Retain raw readings. Electricity: 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Mass/volume conversion requires measured density, temperature and applicable pressure; retain water content and active chemical fraction.
category_balance	production	Mass	kg	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received mineral-product kg at the declared gate, excluding packaging, rejected material and cancelled transfers. Measure wet-basis free moisture w with0 <= w <1; dry mineral mass = D*(1-w). Measure dry-basis copper mass fraction g with0 <= g <=1; contained Cu kg = D*(1-w)*g. Retain D as the common inventory denominator; neither dry mineral kg nor contained Cu kg is substituted silently. Reconcile dry ore/concentrate/tailings/reject/stock solids and each measured metal component independently of water intake, recycle, evaporation and discharge. Calculate metal recovery only from matched input/output dry masses and assays after inventory adjustment; do not infer recovery from grade alone or import smelter yield. Thermal preparation needs phase-specific mass, sulfur and actual oxygen/offgas balances; all additional actual chemicals, gases and pollutants require separate cards.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual copper-bearing geological deposit for integrated primary mining, or supplied identified burden-bearing ore for standalone concentration; internal mine-to-mill transfers cancel
starting_condition_role	Resource or supplied feed; declare which
product_classification_scope	Copper mineral ores and concentrates, including sulfide, oxide, native-copper and mixed-mineral ore states; confirmed copper-category bulk concentrates and qualified normally prepared mineral feeds
recursive_input_rule	Purchased same-category material carries a distinct supplier dataset; internal recycling is a balance observation, not a new external input or credit.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link feed, electricity, fuels, chemicals, infrastructure and waste-management burdens; disclose any missing coverage.
disclosure	site/year; geological/mineralogical ore identity; sulfide/oxide/native/mixed route; surface/underground or supplied ore; ore versus concentrate and actual processing/thermal state; dry-basis Cu, sulfur, associated metals and deleterious-element assays; free moisture and grading; actual gate and transport inclusion; accepted output and stock; measured recovery and tailings fate; water source/basin/return; co-product classification, upstream provider and allocation; lifetime development output; representative UUID applies only to generic supplied copper ore, not grade-specific concentrate or geological elementary resource

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_operations	site	Supply of copper ores and mineral concentrates at one declared mine, concentrator-loading or explicitly included delivery gate. Cover sulfide, oxide, native-copper and mixed mineral ores, surface or underground extraction, and standalone preparation of supplied ores. Follow actual crushing, sorting, gravity separation, grinding, flotation, thickening, filtration and drying rather than imposing sulfide flotation on oxide/native ores or on a run-of-mine product. Mixed-metal bulk concentrates require confirmed copper-category identity, mineral/metal assays and joint-product allocation; each dataset declares one actual output state. Include any actual thermal ore preparation only when its output remains a qualified ore/mineral-concentrate feed; record transformed phases and sulfur/offgas balance, with separate actual treatment and emission rows. This condition does not automatically classify a calcine as ore. Copper-bearing slag, dross and recycled scrap require separate secondary-material methodologies, not an ore identity inferred from copper content. Dissolution/leach solution, solvent extraction/electrowinning, cement copper, smelting matte, blister/anode/cathode copper and refined compounds are distinct downstream product gates. Do not use their yield or metal kilogram as the mineral-product denominator. Include attributable development, closure, handling, tailings/water/dust controls and transport only through the selected gate.	epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007
boundary_partition	all exchanges	Include actual conditioning, storage, handling and pollution controls through the declared gate. Account for attributable construction and closure with a disclosed lifetime-output basis or justified exclusion and sensitivity. Separate purchased fuel supply from foreground combustion and purchased treatment from site releases.
boundary_completeness	inventory	Cards define individual likely exchanges and route conditions, not an exhaustive site audit. Add each actual absent chemical, waste, resource, land transformation and pollutant as its own row. Absence, measured zero and unknown must be distinguished.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
development	Mine development and closure	conditional	Integrated extraction and attributable rehabilitation	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
extraction	Copper-ore extraction	conditional	Actual surface/underground mining	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
preparation	Ore preparation and concentration	conditional	Actual grade-specific crushing/sorting/grinding/separation; exclude absent operations	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
thermal	Qualified mineral-feed thermal preparation	conditional	Only actual drying or ore preparation retaining confirmed mineral-feed identity; not smelting	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
controls	Tailings water and emission management	conditional	Actual waste handling, water treatment and dust/air controls	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
delivery	Included product delivery	conditional	Only explicitly included delivery through declared receipt gate	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
dispatch	Accepted mineral-product handling	required	Every declared output gate	Foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow

Process: Mine development and closure (development)

Inputs

Product flows

Mine-development diesel (development_diesel)

Actual clearing/roads/earthworks/closure machinery; attribute once over lifetime accepted output.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_development_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_development_diesel
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Copper-ore extraction (extraction)

Inputs

Product flows

Copper-mine extraction and onsite-haul diesel (mining_diesel)

Actual mining machinery/onsite ore and waste-rock haul; distinguish included external delivery.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mining_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mining_diesel
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Copper-mine extraction electricity (mining_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual extraction, underground ventilation, pumping or conveyor meters; no assumed common route.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mining_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mining_power
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil explosive (anfo)

Only actual ANFO blasting; other actual explosive formulations and detonators each separate.

• Selected flow: Ammonium-nitrate/fuel-oil explosive
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_anfo; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_anfo
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

Copper-bearing mineral ore in geological deposit (ore_resource)

Actual primary geological resource mass and measured mineralogy; a database product labelled in-ground is not an elementary resource.

• Selected flow: Copper-bearing mineral ore in geological deposit
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_ore_resource; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_ore_resource
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Copper-mine waste rock (waste_rock)

Actual barren/rejected geological rock transferred to management; distinguish ore stocks and saleable grades, record sulfide/acid-generation evidence.

• Selected flow: Copper-mine waste rock
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_waste_rock; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_rock
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Ore preparation and concentration (preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Supplied copper ore (supplied_ore)

Only burden-bearing purchased ore in standalone concentration; actual mineral/assay/moisture and provider. Internal mine-to-mill feed is not a new external input.

• Selected flow: Copper ore 7f574b09-9b2c-47e2-b38d-a883f15ddeeb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_supplied_ore; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_supplied_ore
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Copper-ore preparation electricity (mill_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual crusher, sorter, gravity device, mill, flotation and dewatering circuits separately attributable; ore-only gate omits absent concentration.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mill_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mill_power
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Steel grinding balls (steel_media)

Only actual consumed steel balls; rods, liners and other grinding materials each separate if used.

• Selected flow: Steel grinding balls
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_steel_media; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_steel_media
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Purchased ore-processing make-up water (process_water)

Only new purchased make-up water; internal reclaimed tailings water remains a balance observation, not new supply.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_process_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_process_water
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Potassium amyl xanthate (pax)

Only actual specified collector formulation; different collectors each separate, never impose this reagent on every ore.

• Selected flow: Potassium amyl xanthate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_pax; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pax
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Methyl isobutyl carbinol (mibc)

Only actual MIBC frother confirmed by supplier composition; pine oil/polyglycol frothers each separate if used.

• Selected flow: Methyl isobutyl carbinol
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_mibc; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mibc
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Quicklime for flotation pH control (lime)

Only actual calcium-oxide supply with active fraction/hydration water; hydrated lime is a separate product.

• Selected flow: Quicklime for flotation pH control
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_lime; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_lime
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sodium hydrosulfide (sodium_hydrosulfide)

Only actual sulfide conditioning or molybdenum/copper separation with mineralogical and supplier evidence; do not assume oxide flotation is universally viable.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydrosulfide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sodium_hydrosulfide; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sodium_hydrosulfide
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sodium silicate (sodium_silicate)

Only actual specified dispersant/depressant formulation with active fraction.

• Selected flow: Sodium silicate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sodium_silicate; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sodium_silicate
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Anionic polyacrylamide flocculant (flocculant)

Only actual thickening/tailings flocculant with formulation and active fraction; separate other polymers.

• Selected flow: Anionic polyacrylamide flocculant
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_flocculant; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_flocculant
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

Fresh water abstracted from river (surface_water)

Only actual direct river abstraction with basin and season; groundwater abstraction needs a distinct resource identity/card.

• Selected flow: Fresh water abstracted from river
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_surface_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_surface_water
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Saleable molybdenum mineral concentrate (molybdenum_concentrate)

Only independently recovered accepted molybdenum concentrate; assay and moisture, not molybdenum already embedded in the copper concentrate.

• Selected flow: Saleable molybdenum mineral concentrate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_molybdenum_concentrate; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_molybdenum_concentrate
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Waste flows

Copper-beneficiation tailings slurry (tailings)

Actual final unrecovered tailings with solids fraction, mineral/metal/sulfide assays and management fate; exclude internal circulating middlings.

• Selected flow: Copper-beneficiation tailings slurry
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_tailings; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_tailings
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Copper-ore sorting reject (sorting_reject)

Only actual rejected mineral stream distinct from extraction waste rock and final flotation tailings.

• Selected flow: Copper-ore sorting reject
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_sorting_reject; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sorting_reject
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Qualified mineral-feed thermal preparation (thermal)

Inputs

Product flows

Mineral-feed thermal-preparation natural gas (thermal_natural_gas)

Only actual gas-fired drying or qualified thermal mineral preparation; retain product phase/gate and distinguish fuel drying from sulfur oxidation heat. Other fuels/heat each separate.

• Selected flow: Mineral-feed thermal-preparation natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_thermal_natural_gas; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_thermal_natural_gas
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Mineral-feed thermal-preparation electricity (thermal_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Only actual drying/thermal preparation and associated offgas-control equipment; shared controls must not be metered twice.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_thermal_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_thermal_power
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Tailings water and emission management (controls)

Inputs

Product flows

Tailings-water and emission-control electricity (control_power)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Actual tailings pumps, reclaim water, effluent and dust controls; avoid duplication with process/thermal meters.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_control_power; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_control_power
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Water-treatment quicklime (water_treatment_lime)

Only actual mine/tailings-water neutralization; distinct from flotation pH input and actual dose/purity.

• Selected flow: Water-treatment quicklime
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_water_treatment_lime; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water_treatment_lime
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Waste flows

Copper-mine water-treatment sludge (treatment_sludge)

Actual neutralization/precipitation sludge transferred to management with measured dry solids/metals.

• Selected flow: Copper-mine water-treatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_treatment_sludge; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_treatment_sludge
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Copper-process wastewater transferred for treatment (wastewater)

Only actual external treatment transfer; direct environmental discharge volume and species are separate exchanges.

• Selected flow: Copper-process wastewater transferred for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_wastewater; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Copper-mineral collector dust transferred to disposal (collector_dust)

Only actual collected dust disposed; internal return cancels and product recovery is distinct.

• Selected flow: Copper-mineral collector dust transferred to disposal
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_collector_dust; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_collector_dust
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Elementary flows

Copper-mineral PM10 released to outdoor air (pm10_air)

Actual controlled mine/haul/plant dust with particulate and metal composition; other size fractions/species each separate.

• Selected flow: Copper-mineral PM10 released to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_pm10_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pm10_air
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Fossil carbon dioxide released to outdoor air (co2_air)

Actual foreground fuel combustion with measured fuel/carbon basis; exclude upstream provider combustion counted again.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_co2_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_co2_air
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Sulfur dioxide released to outdoor air (so2_air)

Only actual fuel-sulfur or qualified thermal-preparation offgas after controls; no assumed sulfate-to-SO2 factor or smelter emissions inside ore-only gate.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide released to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_so2_air; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_so2_air
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Dissolved copper released to receiving water (copper_water)

Only actual release with identified water compartment; measure dissolved Cu, net volume and background, not all Cu in managed tailings as water emission.

• Selected flow: Dissolved copper released to receiving water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_copper_water; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_copper_water
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Included product delivery (delivery)

Inputs

Product flows

Included copper-mineral delivery diesel (delivery_diesel)

Only actual foreground delivery through an explicitly included receipt gate with route/load/return. Outsourced provider transport links separately without duplicate fuel. Mine/plant-loading gate excludes later delivery.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_delivery_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery_diesel
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Process: Accepted mineral-product handling (dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Copper-mineral gate-handling diesel (loading_diesel)

Actual product loading/receipt distinct from extraction haul and delivery fuel.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the attributable reporting-period quantity under cp_loading_diesel; divide by D after stock, transfer and allocation reconciliation.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_loading_diesel
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Copper ore at declared mineral-product gate (final_product)

Verified representative is generic Copper ore Product/Mass. Use only compatible actual ore state with measured moisture/grade. Concentrates, qualified thermally prepared feeds and grade-specific variants need distinct exact product identities; a transport service or copper slag is not a concentrate substitute.

• Selected flow: Copper ore 7f574b09-9b2c-47e2-b38d-a883f15ddeeb
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_output
• Sources: epa-copper-1994, wco-hs26-2022, ifc-mining-2007

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_hierarchy	joint production	Prefer process subdivision or defensible system expansion; otherwise use demonstrated physical causality. Use economic allocation only with consistent period, price, currency and sensitivity when physical causality is unavailable. Retain the unallocated inventory.	ef-allocation-2021
allocation_product	reference and co-products	Subdivide extraction, ore sorting, separate concentrate circuits and dispatch when possible. Retain joint bulk-concentrate and associated-metal inventories before allocation; contained-metal mass is not automatically physical causality. Justify actual physical relationship or economic allocation with matched grades, payable terms, treatment charges, prices and reporting period, without counting an embedded precious metal again as a separate physical output. Separate saleable molybdenum concentrate from copper mineral output; tailings do not become burden-free co-products merely because sold. Attribute development/closure once over measured lifetime accepted output. No automatic avoided-metal, avoided-disposal or internal-recycle credit.
allocation_waste	waste and recycling	Classify each output by physical state and actual fate. A sale does not automatically make a residue a co-product; internal recycling receives no avoided-product credit. Apply treatment burdens once.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_development_diesel	development	development_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_ore_resource	extraction	ore_resource	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mining_diesel	extraction	mining_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mining_power	extraction	mining_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_anfo	extraction	anfo	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_waste_rock	extraction	waste_rock	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_supplied_ore	preparation	supplied_ore	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mill_power	preparation	mill_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_steel_media	preparation	steel_media	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_process_water	preparation	process_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_surface_water	preparation	surface_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	m3	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_pax	preparation	pax	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_mibc	preparation	mibc	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_lime	preparation	lime	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sodium_hydrosulfide	preparation	sodium_hydrosulfide	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sodium_silicate	preparation	sodium_silicate	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_flocculant	preparation	flocculant	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_molybdenum_concentrate	preparation	molybdenum_concentrate	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_tailings	preparation	tailings	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_sorting_reject	preparation	sorting_reject	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Match calibrated net wet mass, free-moisture/solids content and dry-basis Cu/associated-metal/mineral/sulfur assays for the same batches and period. Reconcile stocks and transfers. Identify geological resource versus supplied product versus waste/co-product and its provider or management fate; no grade or recovery default.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_thermal_natural_gas	thermal	thermal_natural_gas	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_thermal_power	thermal	thermal_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_control_power	controls	control_power	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	MJ	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_water_treatment_lime	controls	water_treatment_lime	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Record one actual supplier formulation, purchased/consumed mass, assay or active fraction and dilution water for the matched circuit; reconcile chemical stocks and internal reuse. Product mass and active-chemical mass are distinct, with explicit measured conversion. No pooled reagent or historical industry dose.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_treatment_sludge	controls	treatment_sludge	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_wastewater	controls	wastewater	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	m3	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_collector_dust	controls	collector_dust	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_pm10_air	controls	pm10_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_co2_air	controls	co2_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_so2_air	controls	so2_air	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_copper_water	controls	copper_water	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Pair sampled dissolved-Cu concentration mg/L with calibrated net receiving-water discharge m3 for the same period: Cu kg = concentration mg/L * volume m3 /1000. Retain total/dissolved distinction, background/reference-water measurements, compartment and uncertainty separately.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_delivery_diesel	delivery	delivery_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_loading_diesel	dispatch	loading_diesel	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated weighing, metering or traceable transfer records; reconcile period, opening/closing stock, actual grade and boundary.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty
cp_output	dispatch	final_product	measurement_record	period; site; amount; original unit; uncertainty; stock changes; route condition; allocation; D; product qualifiers	Calibrated independently weighed positive accepted net mineral kg D at the chosen gate, excluding packaging/returns/rejects and reconciling stocks. Measure representative batch wet-basis moisture w and dry-basis Cu fraction g with sampling/assay uncertainty. Dry mass = D*(1-w); contained copper = D*(1-w)*g; keep D as denominator. Concentrate is a mineral product, not pure copper or smelter recovery.	kg	Each meter interval or shipment; monthly reconciliation	Complete year or justified representative production campaign	One accepted mineral ore or concentrate grade, with measured moisture and dry-basis Cu/associated-element assay, at the declared loading/receipt gate	per 1 kg reference flow	Calibration; original records; assay; balance residuals; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalization	all cards	Exchange = attributable period quantity / D. Reconcile inventories and cancel internal transfers before aggregation.	cp_output; row-specific cp records	per 1 kg reference flow
physical_balance	production	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received mineral-product kg at the declared gate, excluding packaging, rejected material and cancelled transfers. Measure wet-basis free moisture w with0 <= w <1; dry mineral mass = D*(1-w). Measure dry-basis copper mass fraction g with0 <= g <=1; contained Cu kg = D*(1-w)*g. Retain D as the common inventory denominator; neither dry mineral kg nor contained Cu kg is substituted silently. Reconcile dry ore/concentrate/tailings/reject/stock solids and each measured metal component independently of water intake, recycle, evaporation and discharge. Calculate metal recovery only from matched input/output dry masses and assays after inventory adjustment; do not infer recovery from grade alone or import smelter yield. Thermal preparation needs phase-specific mass, sulfur and actual oxygen/offgas balances; all additional actual chemicals, gases and pollutants require separate cards.	Matched mass, volume, composition and stock measurements	Balance residual and uncertainty

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
representativeness	dataset	Use matching production and exchange periods, actual technology, geography and supplier state. Record startup, shutdown, seasonal variation and substitutions.	collection records
identity_and_ranges	all cards	Unresolved identities and missing independent range evidence remain explicit. Do not replace measurement by a guessed industry range or by missing-as-zero.	manifest review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	final_product	Verify 1 kg, positive D, product state, property/unit and every required qualifier. Each dataset fixes one product and route.
validate_balance	site	D is independently weighed positive accepted net as-received mineral-product kg at the declared gate, excluding packaging, rejected material and cancelled transfers. Measure wet-basis free moisture w with0 <= w <1; dry mineral mass = D*(1-w). Measure dry-basis copper mass fraction g with0 <= g <=1; contained Cu kg = D*(1-w)*g. Retain D as the common inventory denominator; neither dry mineral kg nor contained Cu kg is substituted silently. Reconcile dry ore/concentrate/tailings/reject/stock solids and each measured metal component independently of water intake, recycle, evaporation and discharge. Calculate metal recovery only from matched input/output dry masses and assays after inventory adjustment; do not infer recovery from grade alone or import smelter yield. Thermal preparation needs phase-specific mass, sulfur and actual oxygen/offgas balances; all additional actual chemicals, gases and pollutants require separate cards.
validate_coverage	handoff	Verify each applicable exchange, its provider or environmental compartment and final waste fate; identify skipped checks, unresolved identities, missing measurements and upstream gaps. Errors or unassessed mandatory coverage cannot be labelled complete.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Supply1 kg of qualified copper ore or mineral concentrate in its declared state; report contained copper separately without claiming equivalence to1 kg copper metal
excluded_use	Smelting matte; blister/anode/cathode or cement copper; leach solutions and separated refined compounds; copper-industry slag/dross or recycled scrap; transport-only service; precious-metal or other-metal concentrates with a different declared category
required_metadata	site/year; geological/mineralogical ore identity; sulfide/oxide/native/mixed route; surface/underground or supplied ore; ore versus concentrate and actual processing/thermal state; dry-basis Cu, sulfur, associated metals and deleterious-element assays; free moisture and grading; actual gate and transport inclusion; accepted output and stock; measured recovery and tailings fate; water source/basin/return; co-product classification, upstream provider and allocation; lifetime development output; representative UUID applies only to generic supplied copper ore, not grade-specific concentrate or geological elementary resource
required_quality_disclosure	Identity and measurement gaps; boundary coverage; uncertainty; allocation; temporal and geographical representativeness
update_trigger	Changed product, route, yield, supply, waste fate, site or representative period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
epa-copper-1994	official_guidance	US EPA, Technical Resource Document: Extraction and Beneficiation of Ores and Minerals, Volume4 Copper, EPA530-R-94-031, August1994, PartA original PDF pp.31–34,48–49. https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/industrial/special/web/pdf/copper1a.pdf	Qualitative sulfide-ore crushing, grinding, flotation, concentrate dewatering and tailings/water route; named reagent candidates only. Historic plant dimensions and national consumption totals are not site factors.
wco-hs26-2022	official_guidance	WCO HS Nomenclature2022 Chapter26, original PDF pp.1–2, Note2 and heading2603. https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/0526_2022e.pdf?la=en	Ore/concentrate mineral identity and separation from smelting matte and industrial slag/residue; no new HS mapping or process quantity.
ifc-mining-2007	official_guidance	IFC, Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines for Mining, 10 December 2007, sections 1.1 and Annex A. https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-mining-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf	Mining water, wastes, emissions, development and closure; no product-specific default factors.
cpc3-notes-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Classification scope only; no process quantities.
ef-allocation-2021	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I section 4.5, consolidated 30 December 2021. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02021H2279-20211230	Multifunctionality hierarchy; not a claim of complete PEF conformity.