Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers non-conventional crude feedstock oils produced from bituminous minerals: surface-mined oil sands, in-situ bitumen recovery and oil-shale retorting, including actual upgrading when the declared output is synthetic crude. Select one route and product state; mined mineral feed, bitumen, diluted bitumen and upgraded crude are not interchangeable mass references. It excludes conventional reservoir crude, refined petroleum products and hydrogen as a standalone reference product. CPC 12012 cites SIEC 4500, whose statistical definition is wider than this oils-only methodology; the accepted relation must therefore remain narrower. Coal- and gas-derived synthetic liquids require an explicitly authored conversion extension before use. Sources: un-cpc3-notes-2025, ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007, nrcan-oil-sands-processing, epa-spent-oil-shale.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.ores-and-minerals-electricity-gas-and-water.crude-petroleum-and-natural-gas.petroleum-oils-and-oils-obtained-from-bituminous-minerals
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 12012
covered_products	Non-conventional mineral-derived bitumen or synthetic crude with a fixed declared state
excluded_products	Conventional crude; refined fuels; standalone hydrogen; unprocessed shale and sand; unauthored coal/gas conversion routes
representative_product	Non-conventional mineral-derived bitumen or synthetic crude with a fixed declared state
production_route	Oil-sand extraction or in-situ bitumen recovery or shale retorting; actual separation, upgrading and gate handling
market_state	Bulk crude refinery feedstock; specify stabilization, water/sediment and dilution status

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide crude petroleum feedstock for subsequent refining
How much	1 kg net crude
How well	Declared crude grade, sulfur content, density at stated temperature, water/sediment and stabilization state
How long or cycle	One production-period output; no service lifetime
reference_flow_link	crude_dispatch

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude b7ce9d42-8843-4752-b408-040a32e6aa4e
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	country; field or feedstock source; production period; extraction route; crude grade; density and temperature; sulfur; water and sediment; stabilization; added diluent identity and mass; production gate; co-products; allocation

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass	kg	Use net crude mass at the gate, excluding free water, sediment, exported gas and added diluent. Measure using cp_crude_dispatch.
volume_conversion	reference product	Mass	kg	Convert metered crude volume to mass using measured density at the same temperature and water/sediment corrections; retain the original volume, temperature and density evidence. Do not assume a universal barrel-to-kg factor.
gas_state	fuel_gas; natural_gas_coproduct	Volume	m3	Retain gas composition, pressure, temperature and dry/wet convention; distinguish metered from standard volume. No assumed density or calorific value.
electric_energy	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Convert electricity records using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; this is a unit identity, not a fuel heating value.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased mined oil sands or oil shale, or in-situ bitumen-bearing deposits; distinguish feed water, kerogen, bitumen and any added diluent
starting_condition_role	Physical foreground inlet; never an assumption of zero upstream burden
product_classification_scope	Crude oils before refining; minerals and co-produced gas are separate inputs or outputs
recursive_input_rule	Purchased crude input carries a compatible upstream dataset; internal crude transfers are reconciled without adding a second external input or output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link electricity, fuels, water, hydrogen and mined feedstocks to compatible supply datasets. If mining or drilling is outside foreground, attach its disclosed upstream burden; no silent zero-burden inlet
disclosure	Foreground versus background mining and well development; gate, water handling, flaring, upgrading, capital infrastructure and abandonment boundary

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_operations	foreground	Include recovery, gathering, separation, conditioning, in-boundary storage, direct combustion, flaring and fugitive losses up to the declared gate; offshore operations require site evidence rather than treating onshore guidance as offshore measurements.	ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007
boundary_routes	bituminous_minerals	Include the selected mining/recovery or retorting route and upgrading needed for the specified crude state; separately identify internally reused water, gas and heat.	nrcan-oil-sands-processing; epa-spent-oil-shale
boundary_completeness	foreground	The cards are a collection core, not an exhaustive list for every field. Add one atomic row for each actual chemical formulation, diluent, drilling input, land occupation, waste and speciated discharge absent from the core. Retain evidence for absence; disclose capital and abandonment burdens via linked datasets or separate records. Exclude post-gate transport, refining and final combustion from foreground.	ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
recovery	Bituminous-mineral oil recovery	required	Declared oil-sand recovery, in-situ bitumen or oil-shale retorting route	foreground production	per 1 kg reference flow
conditioning	Separation and residue handling	required	Crude separation and treatment before dispatch	foreground collection block	per 1 kg reference flow
upgrading	Crude-feedstock upgrading	conditional	Synthetic crude requires hydrogen addition or carbon removal before the declared gate	foreground collection block	per 1 kg reference flow
dispatch	Production-gate storage and dispatch	required	Net crude measurement at the declared gate	foreground collection block	per 1 kg reference flow

Process blocks partition one aggregate foreground system. Do not count internal transfers as external exchanges. Utility and direct-emission cards in recovery collect the system-wide totals once, with submetered attribution retained by operation. Each conditional card is included only when its stated physical exchange occurs.

Process: Bituminous-mineral oil recovery (recovery)

Inputs

Product flows

Mined oil shale (oil_shale)

Above-ground retorting using purchased mined shale; link its mining dataset and do not duplicate resource extraction.

• Selected flow: Mined oil shale
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_oil_shale.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_oil_shale
• Sources: epa-spent-oil-shale

Mined oil sand (oil_sand)

Recovery from purchased mined oil sand; declare feedstock water and bitumen content.

• Selected flow: Mined oil sand
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_oil_sand.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_oil_sand
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Electricity (electricity)

This purchased electricity exchange requires independently confirmed actual supplier, consumption or production interface, geography, voltage, generation attributes and energy property/unit; its UUID remains unresolved until a compatible direct-read identity is confirmed. A waste-incineration generation flow must not represent arbitrary site power.

Purchased electricity for all foreground operations; assign shared meters once.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_electricity.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Diesel fuel (diesel)

Diesel-powered equipment where present; exclude downstream delivery fuel.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_diesel.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_diesel
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

natural gas in the gaseous state (fuel_gas)

Externally supplied gaseous natural gas burned on site; internally recovered gas is an internal transfer, not a purchased input.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_fuel_gas.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_gas
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Tap water (water)

Supplied tap water where used; separate reservoir water and internally recycled water.

• Selected flow: Tap water 3a8411b6-e476-4f98-9d77-0d492661a07f
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_water.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Heat from steam (steam)

Imported heat delivered by steam for thermal recovery or conditioning; report pressure and steam quality. Measure imported heat energy in MJ. On-site generation is modelled using its fuel and water without counting imported heat.

• Selected flow: Heat from steam c333ae82-c22d-4cb0-8f0a-b10017eec1f7
• Flow property / unit: Gross calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_steam.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_steam
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Elementary flows

Outputs

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (co2)

Direct fossil CO2 from combustion, flaring and processing; outdoor air with unspecified subcompartment.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_co2.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_co2
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

methane (fossil) (methane)

Direct fossil methane from vents, leaks, tanks and flare slip; do not equate all flare-feed gas with methane emitted.

• Selected flow: methane (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9610-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_methane.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_methane
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide (nox)

Measured outdoor combustion NOx reported as NO2-equivalent mass; retain reporting convention, not N2O.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_nox.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_nox
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Sulfur dioxide to outdoor air (so2)

Sulfur dioxide where sulfur-bearing fuel or gas is processed; outdoor release only.

• Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide to outdoor air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_so2.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_so2
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

carbon monoxide (fossil) (co)

Direct fossil carbon monoxide from combustion or flaring to outdoor air.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_co.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_co
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

hydrogen sulfide (h2s)

Hydrogen sulfide released to outdoor air where sour fluids are present.

• Selected flow: hydrogen sulfide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-94a9-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_h2s.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_h2s
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

particles (PM2.5) (pm)

Measured PM2.5 from combustion or material handling; do not substitute total dust.

• Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_pm.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_pm
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Process: Separation and residue handling (conditioning)

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Saline produced water transferred for treatment (produced_water)

Produced water transferred to external treatment or disposal; record salinity, hydrocarbon content and fate. Internal reinjection is recorded in the water balance only.

• Selected flow: Saline produced water transferred for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_produced_water.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_produced_water
• Sources: ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Spent oil shale after retorting (spent_shale)

Above-ground oil-shale retorting; record dry solids and water separately in supporting records.

• Selected flow: Spent oil shale after retorting
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_spent_shale.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_spent_shale
• Sources: epa-spent-oil-shale

Oil-sand extraction tailings (tailings)

Mined oil-sand extraction; declare slurry solids fraction and retained water.

• Selected flow: Oil-sand extraction tailings
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_tailings.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_tailings
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Process: Crude-feedstock upgrading (upgrading)

Inputs

Product flows

Hydrogen gas (hydrogen)

Hydrogen-addition upgrading ending at refinery-feed synthetic crude; record actual net hydrogen input.

• Selected flow: Hydrogen gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_hydrogen.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_hydrogen
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Outputs

Product flows

Petroleum Coke (coke)

Carbon-removal upgrading only when marketable petroleum coke leaves the boundary; otherwise identify the actual waste.

• Selected flow: Petroleum Coke 444ca42c-1a06-4089-adba-62640255cf25
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_coke.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coke
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Recovered elemental sulphur, crude (sulfur)

Sulfur recovery during upgrading when saleable elemental sulfur is exported.

• Selected flow: Recovered elemental sulphur, crude 586e1b09-2904-4b0a-b1ef-fc012259004f
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect the measured period total of this exchange; normalize to net crude output using cp_sulfur.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_sulfur
• Sources: nrcan-oil-sands-processing

Process: Production-gate storage and dispatch (dispatch)

Outputs

Product flows

Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude (crude_dispatch)

Net crude at declared production gate; associated gas, free water, mineral solids and added diluent are excluded from the reference mass.

• Selected flow: Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude b7ce9d42-8843-4752-b408-040a32e6aa4e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_crude_dispatch
• Sources: un-cpc-3-structure

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared_operations	Use cp_allocation to separate directly metered crude-only, gas-only and shared operations before assigning shared burdens. Keep crude, gas and recovered products distinct; returned gas and water are internal flows.
allocation_causal	shared_burdens	Use documented process-specific causal relationships from cp_allocation. If no defensible physical relationship exists, use declared period revenue shares with actual product quantities and prices, and report a physical-allocation sensitivity. Do not assume one universal energy or mass fraction; no displacement credit for flaring or disposal.
allocation_losses	losses	Assign losses and treatment burdens to the operation that caused them, using the same declared allocation method as its products. Compare pre-allocation total balances and retain the unallocated inventory.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_oil_shale	recovery	Mined oil shale	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_oil_sand	recovery	Mined oil sand	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_electricity	recovery	Electricity	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	MJ	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_diesel	recovery	Diesel fuel	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_fuel_gas	recovery	natural gas in the gaseous state	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	m3	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_water	recovery	Tap water	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	m3	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_steam	recovery	Heat from steam	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Use a calibrated heat meter to record imported steam heat in MJ; retain steam mass flow, pressure, temperature, quality and condensate-return conditions supporting the meter output.	MJ	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_co2	recovery	carbon dioxide (fossil)	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_methane	recovery	methane (fossil)	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_nox	recovery	Nitrogen oxides, expressed as nitrogen dioxide	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_so2	recovery	Sulfur dioxide to outdoor air	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_co	recovery	carbon monoxide (fossil)	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_h2s	recovery	hydrogen sulfide	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_pm	recovery	particles (PM2.5)	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_produced_water	conditioning	Saline produced water transferred for treatment	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_spent_shale	conditioning	Spent oil shale after retorting	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_tailings	conditioning	Oil-sand extraction tailings	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_hydrogen	upgrading	Hydrogen gas	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_coke	upgrading	Petroleum Coke	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_sulfur	upgrading	Recovered elemental sulphur, crude	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Meter, weigh or use traceable supplier/waste-transfer records for this named exchange; emissions require species-resolved monitoring or a documented source-specific model with measured activity	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_crude_dispatch	dispatch	Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude	measurement_record	period; site; operation; exchange amount; meter unit; uncertainty; net crude output kg; internal transfer exclusion; allocation evidence	Calibrated crude mass/volume meter with same-temperature density, water/sediment and diluent corrections; reconcile dispatch with tank inventory	kg	each shift; monthly reconciliation	complete production year or justified representative period	same field or production site and gate	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration, original records and uncertainty
cp_allocation	conditioning	co-products and shared burdens	allocation_record	product amounts; prices; shared meters; causal relationships; period; currency	Reconcile shared burdens by operation; document physical causality and same-period sales records	kg; m3; currency	monthly	same production year	same production boundary	burden assigned to crude normalized per 1 kg reference flow	unallocated inventory and sensitivity results

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
period_normalization	all inventory rows	Divide period net exchange amount by same-period net crude output mass; assign shared burdens using cp_allocation first; reference output is 1 kg	exchange collection protocols; cp_crude_dispatch; cp_allocation	exchange per 1 kg reference flow
gas_balance	natural_gas_coproduct; methane	Reconcile recovered gas with export, internal fuel use, reinjection, venting and flaring; calculate species emissions only from measured composition and combustion efficiency, not total gas volume	gas meters, composition and fate records	species emissions and gas balance	ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product	Confirm declared crude state, route and all required qualifiers; mineral feedstock or refined fuel cannot be the reference product	product tests and gate records
dq_completeness	foreground	Reconcile every actual exchange against the site process diagram; disclose estimates, uncertainty and recollection needs; missing data is not zero	site balances, procurement, transfers and emissions
dq_range	important flows	Use inferred empirical ranges only with at least two independent original-text-verified sources compatible in boundary and state; no external empirical range is prescribed here	foreground records and source applicability analysis

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	crude_dispatch	Confirm reference output is 1 kg net crude and every row and collection aggregation uses the same gate, period and net-mass denominator
validate_balance	foreground	Reconcile pre-allocation oil, gas, water and solids balances; disclose stock changes and measurement uncertainty; output mass must not duplicate assumed resource extraction
validate_emissions	direct_emissions	Reconcile combustion, flaring, venting and fugitive sources separately; species, mass units and air compartments must agree; NOx cannot be substituted by N2O	ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007
validate_uuid	inventory	Check public flow identity, state, type, property and units for each row; unresolved identity remains a named exchange and cannot receive an unverified proxy UUID

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Crude production supply for refinery feedstock with compatible route, state and boundary
excluded_use	Fuel combustion, refining stage or undeclared mixed-route comparisons
required_metadata	field, country, route, gate, period, crude properties, dilution state, co-products and allocation, upstream datasets
required_quality_disclosure	coverage, missing data, unresolved identities, measurement/model uncertainty, allocation sensitivity, infrastructure and abandonment boundary
update_trigger	material change in route, feedstock, recovery technology, gate state, measurement or upstream supply

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-structure	official_guidance	Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Structure; https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv; retrieved 2026-09-30	category identity; CSV rows 446-456
ifc-onshore-oil-gas-2007	official_guidance	Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines for Onshore Oil and Gas Development; https://www.ifc.org/content/dam/ifc/doc/2000/2007-onshore-oil-gas-development-ehs-guidelines-en.pdf; retrieved 2026-09-30	production separation, air sources, flare records, produced water; pages 2, 4-5, 27
nrcan-oil-sands-processing	official_guidance	Oil Sands Extraction and Processing; https://prod-natural-resources.azure.cloud.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/energy-sources/fossil-fuels/oil-sands-extraction-processing; retrieved 2026-09-30	in-situ and mined recovery; crude upgrading; modified 2025-01-16
epa-spent-oil-shale	official_guidance	Spent Oil Shale; https://archive.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/industrial/special/web/html/oilshale.html; retrieved 2026-09-30	retorting and spent shale; FAQ 8; archived guidance, not current legal advice

| un-cpc3-notes-2025 | official_guidance | UNSD CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, printed pp.56–57. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf | Category distinction only; does not establish process quantities |