Battery-electric single-deck urban road bus manufacturing

1. Scope and Applicability

Complete new single-deck battery-electric urban passenger road buses with declared steel load-bearing body-frame route. Declare rigid/articulated layout, model/VIN, body/chassis make-or-buy, passenger layout, battery chemistry/capacity and included pack boundary, electric driveline, auxiliaries and actual delivery fluid/SOC state. This is narrower than CPC49112; manufacturing delivery is the reference function.

Chassis-only and bare-body supply; coaches/intercity, double-deck, diesel/hybrid/fuel-cell/trolley buses and aluminium/composite structural-frame routes. Passenger transport service, passenger-km, driver/passenger/payload mass, depot chargers and infrastructure, route operation, lifetime battery replacement, maintenance and end-of-life are excluded. Factory acceptance charging/tests and rework remain manufacturing; shipment packaging and detached spare packs are outside M and separately disclosed.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.transport-equipment.urban-road-bus
classification_refs	CPC:3.0:49112; narrower
covered_products	Complete new single-deck battery-electric urban passenger road buses with declared steel load-bearing body-frame route. Declare rigid/articulated layout, model/VIN, body/chassis make-or-buy, passenger layout, battery chemistry/capacity and included pack boundary, electric driveline, auxiliaries and actual delivery fluid/SOC state. This is narrower than CPC49112; manufacturing delivery is the reference function.
excluded_products	Chassis-only and bare-body supply; coaches/intercity, double-deck, diesel/hybrid/fuel-cell/trolley buses and aluminium/composite structural-frame routes. Passenger transport service, passenger-km, driver/passenger/payload mass, depot chargers and infrastructure, route operation, lifetime battery replacement, maintenance and end-of-life are excluded. Factory acceptance charging/tests and rework remain manufacturing; shipment packaging and detached spare packs are outside M and separately disclosed.
representative_product	A complete configured single-deck steel-frame electric city bus, with released passenger interior and installed traction storage/driveline. Chemistry, capacity, articulation and body architecture are separate variants, not interchangeable kilograms.
production_route	Steel body cut/form/join; actual corrosion/coating; running gear/driveline; battery/electrical integration; interior/auxiliaries; factory tests/charging and acceptance; actual shipment protection. Outsourced work and purchased chassis/bodies replace corresponding site work.
market_state	Accepted complete vehicle at manufacturing release in declared fitted battery/SOC and fluid state, without driver/passengers/payload or transport packing.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture and factory acceptance of one declared complete urban bus configuration.
How much	1 kg accepted net complete vehicle, a normalized share of the whole accepted unit, not independent passenger transport service.
How well	Actual released body/chassis/BOM, battery, electrical/HV, braking, door/glazing/interior and other model-specific acceptance. Record homologation/approval identifiers only when actually held; no universal certification, capacity, test threshold or road-test distance imposed.
How long or cycle	One manufacture/acceptance cycle; passenger service life, route distance and lifetime replacement cycles outside normalization.
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Complete battery-electric single-deck urban road bus
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model/VIN/BOM revision; single-deck layout and articulation; steel frame material/joints; chassis/body make-or-buy; dimensions; seating/standing layout and doors; pack chemistry/ratio/capacity/count/location/mass and supplier-contained scope; motor/axle/inverter topology; HVAC/refrigerant/coolant specification; fitted accessories; declared delivery SOC/fluid levels; net measured M; site/period; actual tests/rework; meter/provider/transport/treatment boundaries; detached spares/packing exclusions

Mass reference identity remains unresolved; the available complete-vehicle identity uses item count and the bus-travel identity uses passenger distance. Neither is treated as a mass flow. Product metadata must preserve exact complete vehicle configuration.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete unit of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_units	body_electricity; coating_electricity; chassis_electricity; electrical_electricity; interior_electricity; release_electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Convert measured wall kWh by3.6 MJ/kWh before normalization; record supply voltage/provider. Battery capacity and stored energy are configuration qualifiers, not vehicle mass.
gas_volume	natural_gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Retain measured supplier gas volume with reference temperature/pressure and traceable corrections; no generic density/LHV conversion.

Weigh the accepted complete fitted bus on a calibrated vehicle scale with no driver, passengers or payload and no shipment packing. A separate delivery-state record binds the installed battery and exact SOC, installed spares/accessories and specified retained coolant/refrigerant/lubricants to the same VIN/configuration; recoverable test water is excluded. Record gross reading, tare exclusions and any justified traceable correction. Catalogue curb weight, GVW, axle rating and battery capacity cannot replace measured M. Different fluid/SOC/configuration states require separate records, not an invented standard mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Bus manufacturer receives declared steel profiles/sheet, formulated coating products and purchased chassis/components or subassemblies; steelmaking/rolling, cells and supplier components are upstream.
starting_condition_role	Declared manufacturing foreground module starting point.
product_classification_scope	Complete new single-deck battery-electric urban passenger road buses with declared steel load-bearing body-frame route. Declare rigid/articulated layout, model/VIN, body/chassis make-or-buy, passenger layout, battery chemistry/capacity and included pack boundary, electric driveline, auxiliaries and actual delivery fluid/SOC state. This is narrower than CPC49112; manufacturing delivery is the reference function.
recursive_input_rule	Bought-in complete bus cannot be substituted for each part. Purchased painted body/chassis/pack stops at exact documented supply boundary and replaces its contained materials/processes. Internal frames/modules are transfers, not extra purchases; pack and cells must not both be counted.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Expanded assessment links compatible actual steel, coating, chassis, battery and other component suppliers, outsourced work, intersite/inbound transport, utilities and waste treatment. UUID is identity, not supplier LCI or numerical factor. Foreground alone is not complete cradle-to-gate.
disclosure	Declare all participating sites/periods and make-or-buy boundaries, chemistry variants, retained delivery state, tests/rework, recovery loops, utility carriers, providers and exclusions. Separate charging input from retained energy without double counting.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_route	manufacturing	Daimler2019 steel-frame eCitaro case supports body joining, corrosion protection, equipment fit, battery integration and factory acceptance as an observed route. Current plant records govern chemistry and test parameters; no historical recipe/quantity made universal.	daimler-ecitaro-manufacture-2019
boundary_sites	supplier_scope	Solaris2024 site roles corroborate separate steel-frame manufacture and electric-component/battery integration. Preserve site-to-site handoffs and actual supplier scope; site roles are not activity totals or allocation weights.	solaris-sustainability-2024
boundary_service	transport	Exclude passenger transport operation and depot infrastructure. Include actual manufacturing acceptance test consumption and recovery; absence of propulsion exhaust does not imply zero factory emissions.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
body	Steel body preparation and joining	required	Actual cut/form/join route for steel tube/sheet structure; bought-in subframes replace contained site stock/work. Supplier rolling and frame work remain upstream when outsourced.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
coating	Corrosion protection and body coating	required	Actual declared coating route; cleaning, phosphating, electrodeposition and cure are conditional site steps, not universal recipes. Outsourced painting and intersite transfer must be disclosed without duplicate coating inputs.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
chassis	Axles, wheels and driveline installation	required	Install actual released steering/driven axles, wheels and drive components. Supplier assembly boundaries control contained motor/brake/suspension duplication; purchased complete chassis replaces those individual inputs.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
electrical	Traction storage and electrical integration	required	Install one specified battery chemistry per variant and actual harness/cooling. Pack/cell manufacture is upstream when purchased; site module-to-pack work requires its own explicit inputs and measured utility inventory.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
interior	Passenger interior, glazing and auxiliaries	required	Install actual seating, glazing, doors, HVAC and released interior; optional equipment remains separately specified. Refrigerant contained in supplied unit is not another fill input.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
release	Commissioning, acceptance and weighing	required	Actual HV/electrical, brake/rain/road test and final release plan; record charging at wall, water make-up, recovery, defects/rework and declared handover SOC/fluid levels. No standard test distance or loss fraction assumed.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
packing	Shipment protection	conditional	Actual separately measured protection material only; excludes detached spares from vehicle M, disclose their separate supply.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow

Cards define individual candidate exchanges, not a complete universal bus BOM. Complete each actual vehicle BOM/route before claiming inventory coverage: add each distinct suspension, brake, steering, wheel-bearing, gearbox, driver seat, floor/side/roof panel, handrail, window, lamp, control unit, low-voltage battery, charging inlet, cable, heater, fluid, joining chemical and test purge not already contained in purchased assemblies. Select chemistry separately; absent conditional rows are not-applicable with evidence. Captured dust/sludge and treatment-bound liquid are waste, not elementary emissions. Add each actual measured release species and receiving medium separately. HFC-134a has no official Chinese baseName; the canonical chemical code is retained without inventing a localized official name.

Process: Steel body preparation and joining (body)

Actual cut/form/join route for steel tube/sheet structure; bought-in subframes replace contained site stock/work. Supplier rolling and frame work remain upstream when outsourced.

Inputs

Product flows

Welded rectangular steel tube for bus load-bearing frame (steel_tube)

Actual released steel grade, cross-section, wall thickness and supplied tube state; bought-in frame replaces contained tube.

• Selected flow: Welded rectangular steel tube for bus load-bearing frame
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Cold-rolled low-carbon steel bus body sheet (steel_sheet)

Actual drawing grade/thickness and cold-rolled supply for each body panel; preserve net issues and nesting loss.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled low-carbon steel bus body sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Solid low-alloy steel MIG welding wire (welding_wire)

Conditional actual MIG route with one grade/diameter; resistance or other joins use separate actual consumables, not assumed filler.

• Selected flow: Solid low-alloy steel MIG welding wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Argon welding shielding gas (argon)

Only actual pure argon supplied for one released weld route; mixed argon/CO2 gas is a separate exact formulated gas, not this row.

• Selected flow: Argon welding shielding gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Alternating current (body_electricity)

Actual below1kV grid-user cut/form/join/ventilation demand; no laser nameplate power as consumed energy.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Outputs

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Actual dry untreated segregated steel offcuts discharged; internal reusable tube remains transfer; no avoided-steel credit.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Elementary flows

Particulate matter, particle size unspecified (weld_pm)

Conditional actual post-control outdoor-air weld/cutting particulate with unspecified size and subcompartment; measured outlet amount only, not captured filter dust.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_body

Process: Corrosion protection and body coating (coating)

Actual declared coating route; cleaning, phosphating, electrodeposition and cure are conditional site steps, not universal recipes. Outsourced painting and intersite transfer must be disclosed without duplicate coating inputs.

Inputs

Product flows

Tap water (wash_water)

Actual external municipal cleaning/rinse make-up; internal recirculation not repeated as purchase.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Sodium hydroxide solution, 50% (sodium_hydroxide)

Conditional exact50% supplied cleaner ingredient mass, not NaOH active mass or50% operating bath; SDS controls actual recipe.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide solution, 50% 0a3e69c3-32c9-4cb8-b26c-21059c919d80
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Zinc-phosphate conversion-coating solution (zinc_phosphate)

Conditional actual supplier formulation/concentration and supplied solution mass; other phosphates/pretreatment separate.

• Selected flow: Zinc-phosphate conversion-coating solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Waterborne epoxy cathodic electrodeposition primer (epoxy_primer)

Only actual epoxy-formulated primer and supplied solids/solution basis; external painted body replaces matching local primer.

• Selected flow: Waterborne epoxy cathodic electrodeposition primer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Formulated polyurethane bus body topcoat (pu_topcoat)

Actual supplied mixed coating with declared resin, solvent, hardener ratio and solids; if purchased separately, split each chemical product.

• Selected flow: Formulated polyurethane bus body topcoat
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Solvent free polyurethane adhesive (pu_adhesive)

Conditional actual moisture-cured solvent-free zero-VOC polyurethane adhesive per supplier composition; no automatic zero emissions or cure-CO2 factor.

• Selected flow: Solvent free polyurethane adhesive 669d2f68-79e9-47c2-96fa-316fc7d33b62
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Alternating current (coating_electricity)

Actual below1kV pumps, coating equipment, fans and electric cure demand including rejects/rework.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Natural gas for bus coating cure (natural_gas)

Conditional purchased furnace gas measured m3 at explicit billing/reference state and current supplier composition; no generic density/LHV.

• Selected flow: Natural gas for bus coating cure
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Outputs

Waste flows

Spent bus-body alkaline washing solution for treatment (wash_effluent)

Actual segregated alkaline bath purge transferred to treatment with composition and wet mass; not elementary water emission.

• Selected flow: Spent bus-body alkaline washing solution for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Wet zinc-phosphate pretreatment sludge (phosphate_sludge)

Conditional actual zinc-phosphating sludge wet mass with dry solids and handler; not generic coating slag.

• Selected flow: Wet zinc-phosphate pretreatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Discarded polyurethane topcoat overspray (paint_waste)

Only actual unused unrecovered one formulated topcoat residue sent for treatment; retained solvent/moisture basis recorded.

• Selected flow: Discarded polyurethane topcoat overspray
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (fossil_co2_air)

Conditional immediate fossil CO2 to outdoor air unspecified from actual site curing/adhesive carbon balance or monitoring; no vehicle exhaust assumed.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

xylene (all isomers) (xylene_air)

Conditional measured total xylene isomers to outdoor unspecified air after controls; SDS and speciation establish identity, not total VOC or pure m-xylene.

• Selected flow: xylene (all isomers) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ad91-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Process: Axles, wheels and driveline installation (chassis)

Install actual released steering/driven axles, wheels and drive components. Supplier assembly boundaries control contained motor/brake/suspension duplication; purchased complete chassis replaces those individual inputs.

Inputs

Product flows

Finished bus front steering axle assembly (front_axle)

One released bus steering axle with supplier-contained brakes/suspension scope documented; avoid duplication.

• Selected flow: Finished bus front steering axle assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Finished electric bus driven axle assembly (drive_axle)

One actual electric driven axle specification; declare whether hub motors/inverter included; standalone motor row only when separately supplied.

• Selected flow: Finished electric bus driven axle assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Standalone bus traction motor (traction_motor)

Conditional separately supplied motor with actual topology/rating and mass; exclude motor already inside drive axle.

• Selected flow: Standalone bus traction motor
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Bus traction inverter assembly (inverter)

Actual one released traction DC-to-AC inverter supply and cooling boundary; not cable or switchgear substitute.

• Selected flow: Bus traction inverter assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

New cured radial pneumatic bus tyre (bus_tyre)

Actual tyre size/load rating and supplied net mass, including only fitted/spare tyres in released BOM; no carcass/uncured tyre substitute.

• Selected flow: New cured radial pneumatic bus tyre
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Finished steel bus road wheel (steel_wheel)

One actual wheel drawing/finish and mass, excludes tyre and separately supplied axle.

• Selected flow: Finished steel bus road wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Alternating current (chassis_electricity)

Actual below1kV axle/wheel/driveline installation demand.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_chassis.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chassis

Process: Traction storage and electrical integration (electrical)

Install one specified battery chemistry per variant and actual harness/cooling. Pack/cell manufacture is upstream when purchased; site module-to-pack work requires its own explicit inputs and measured utility inventory.

Inputs

Product flows

New LFP traction battery pack (lfp_pack)

Conditional actual complete LFP pack with cells, housing, BMS/cooling boundary, mass and capacity; not active cathode powder.

• Selected flow: New LFP traction battery pack
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

New NMC traction battery pack (nmc_pack)

Conditional actual NMC chemistry/ratio pack with complete declared BMS/housing scope; not LFP/NCA or recycled degraded powder.

• Selected flow: New NMC traction battery pack
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

New NCA traction battery pack (nca_pack)

Conditional actual separately identified NCA pack; chemistry is established only by supplier released records; no mixed battery-type row.

• Selected flow: New NCA traction battery pack
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

Finished insulated copper bus wiring harness (vehicle_harness)

One released fitted harness part number including actual insulation/connectors/length and mass; no copper-only proxy.

• Selected flow: Finished insulated copper bus wiring harness
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

Formulated ethylene-glycol battery cooling liquid, 50% by mass (coolant)

Conditional actual50% glycol aqueous premix with inhibitor composition and supplied mass; drain/recover test liquid separately and retain only delivered fill in M.

• Selected flow: Formulated ethylene-glycol battery cooling liquid, 50% by mass
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

Alternating current (electrical_electricity)

Actual below1kV battery/harness installation and coolant-system leak-test demand; supplier precharge belongs upstream.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_electrical.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electrical

Process: Passenger interior, glazing and auxiliaries (interior)

Install actual seating, glazing, doors, HVAC and released interior; optional equipment remains separately specified. Refrigerant contained in supplied unit is not another fill input.

Inputs

Product flows

Finished bus passenger seat assembly (passenger_seat)

One released seat part number with actual frame/upholstery/restraints scope and mass; distinct driver seat separately added.

• Selected flow: Finished bus passenger seat assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

Finished laminated bus windscreen (windscreen)

One shaped released laminated windscreen including interlayer/heating when supplied; record mass and dimensions; other glass separate.

• Selected flow: Finished laminated bus windscreen
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

Finished powered bus passenger door assembly (passenger_door)

One released door part number and actuating mechanism scope; different doors individually quantified.

• Selected flow: Finished powered bus passenger door assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

Air-conditioning machines (air_conditioner)

Only actual separately supplied finished electric bus air-conditioning machine with recorded model/mass/refrigerant-contained boundary; heating unit and ducts are separate, no universal HVAC mix.

• Selected flow: Air-conditioning machines a38dcbe4-4dd1-4ce8-a67b-5455ff82e9e0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

R134a refrigerant for factory charging (r134a_charge)

Conditional actual pure R134a factory net supply, charge/recovery/mass reconciled; omit if contained in supplied machine; other refrigerants separate.

• Selected flow: R134a refrigerant for factory charging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

Alternating current (interior_electricity)

Actual below1kV door/glazing/seat/interior fit-out demand.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_interior.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_interior

Process: Commissioning, acceptance and weighing (release)

Actual HV/electrical, brake/rain/road test and final release plan; record charging at wall, water make-up, recovery, defects/rework and declared handover SOC/fluid levels. No standard test distance or loss fraction assumed.

Inputs

Product flows

Tap water (rain_test_water)

Actual external rain-test/wash make-up only; recycled test loop not purchased repeatedly; purge/treatment distinct.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Alternating current (release_electricity)

Actual below1kV charging at wall including losses, HV checks, rain/brake and factory road tests; avoid battery-discharge energy input counted twice.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Outputs

Product flows

Complete battery-electric single-deck urban road bus (finished_machine)

1kg normalized share of complete accepted bus with fitted battery, cabin and declared delivery fluid/SOC state; no passengers, driver, payload or shipment packing in M.

• Selected flow: Complete battery-electric single-deck urban road bus
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass

Elementary flows

HFC-134a (hfc_air)

Conditional measured actual factory R134a charging/test leakage after recovery to outdoor unspecified air; no default loss, lifetime leakage or high-stack assumption.

• Selected flow: HFC-134a fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a6d2-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Process: Shipment protection (packing)

Actual separately measured protection material only; excludes detached spares from vehicle M, disclose their separate supply.

Inputs

Product flows

Polyethylene film (pe_film)

Conditional actual PE shipment protection, supplier recipe/thickness and mass; no universal whole-bus wrapping requirement; excluded from M.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing

Corrugated cardboard (corrugated_board)

Conditional actual C/E/F board fiber≥80% containing recycled material per identity; otherwise separate exact board. Packaging outside M.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_demand	shared_operations	Subdivide by site/configuration/work order using measured cp_allocation demand first. Allocate shared cut/join, bath/oven, assembly and test load using measured causal load/time or attributable consumption, reconciled to total meter and excluded loads. No default kg, seat-count or passenger-km allocation.
allocation_variants	bus_variants	Keep pack chemistry/capacity, articulation, body/coating and supplied chassis variants separate. A residual mass/economic fallback needs measured justification, sensitivity and review; acceptance rejects/rework burden accepted output.
allocation_recovery	outputs	Internal reusable steel/water/paint/charged energy transfers do not earn avoided-production credits. Record external scrap and actual treatment; no automatic recycling/module-D credit. Genuine marketable coproducts need explicit quality, amount and reviewed treatment.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	release	finished_machine	measurement	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete unit on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each VIN/configuration or traceable homogeneous batch	same manufacturing period	same site and accepted complete delivery state	accepted net mass per unit	vehicle-scale calibration; empty-payload weighing; bound delivery-state record; signed release
cp_body	body	each atomic process row	measurement	tube/sheet grade/drawing/dimensions; issues/returns; weld map/wire/gas specification; cut/join time/kWh; scrap mass; captured dust; post-control particulate concentration/volume	Weigh each material net issue and segregated scrap; trace drawing/nesting/join work, meter electricity and actual gases; measure outdoor outlet particulate with sampling conditions, not a nameplate or default welding factor.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_coating	coating	each atomic process row	measurement	supplier formulation/SDS/concentration/solids; bath make-up/purge/recovery; coating retained dry mass; kWh/gas reference state; sludge moisture; treatment handler; xylene speciation; fossil carbon retention/releases	Measure each supplied solution/coating and wet waste separately, reconcile bath stock and retained film; meter actual cure carriers. Measure post-control xylene species and gas volume/time; use actual fossil-carbon balance or direct monitoring for CO2. No historical bath volumes/cure temperatures or recipe assumed.	kg; MJ; m3	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_chassis	chassis	each atomic process row	measurement	supplier axle/driveline/wheel/tyre part numbers; supplied masses; included motor/brake/suspension scope; torque/fit records; kWh; rejects	Reconcile released fitted BOM and individual component masses with purchased chassis/subassembly boundary; no rail/trailer substitute or item-count UUID passed as kg. Meter actual assembly work including rework.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_electrical	electrical	each atomic process row	measurement	pack supplier/chemistry/ratio/model/mass/capacity/SOC; cell/module versus complete pack boundary; BMS/cooling/harness scope; coolant recipe/retained fill/recovery; kWh; leak/HV results	Trace every installed pack and its contained cooling/BMS inventory, actual issue/return and precharge boundary; weigh fluid supply/recovery and retained mass. Meter installation/test utilities; site pack assembly adds exact housing/connectors/thermal material operations rather than guessing cell manufacture.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_interior	interior	each atomic process row	measurement	each seat/door/glass/HVAC part number and mass; supplier-contained refrigerant/coolant; net charge/recovery; actual floor/trim/duct/handrail and driver-seat BOM; kWh	Weigh or use traceable supplier mass for each finished installed item; distinguish glass area from mass and unfinished from released seat. Reconcile separately supplied refrigerant against contained charge to prevent duplicate supply.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_release	release	each atomic process row	measurement	VIN/configuration/test plan/results; wall charging kWh and start/end SOC; imported precharge; rain water make-up/purge; charging/refrigerant recovery and leaks; brake/road-test records; retained fluids; M	Retain actual acceptance results and metered wall charging/test demand, including charger losses and rework, without a second battery discharge input; measure new rain water and actual refrigerant loss net of recovery. Bind empty-payload scale record to exact delivery SOC/fluid/BOM.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_packing	packing	each atomic process row	measurement	PE recipe/thickness/mass; board flute/fiber/recycled content/mass; issues/returns; detached spare supply	Weigh each actual protection material and keep outside M; separately disclose detached spare parts/packs and actual other packaging as atomic exchanges.	kg	each work order/batch/VIN; monthly closure	complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same configuration/sites; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; released supplier/BOM; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_allocation	manufacturing	shared_load	measurement	total supplied demand; submeter load/time; served variants; excluded loads	Measure exchange-specific causal demand/time and served work orders; justify allocation driver and reconcile all shares to meter total.	MJ; m3; h	each shared batch; monthly reconciliation	same production period	all served sites/variants	partition measured causal demand; attributable amount / accepted units	meter closure; sensitivity; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	steel_tube; steel_sheet; welding_wire; argon; body_electricity; steel_scrap; weld_pm; wash_water; sodium_hydroxide; zinc_phosphate; epoxy_primer; pu_topcoat; pu_adhesive; coating_electricity; natural_gas; wash_effluent; phosphate_sludge; paint_waste; fossil_co2_air; xylene_air; front_axle; drive_axle; traction_motor; inverter; bus_tyre; steel_wheel; chassis_electricity; lfp_pack; nmc_pack; nca_pack; vehicle_harness; coolant; electrical_electricity; passenger_seat; windscreen; passenger_door; air_conditioner; r134a_charge; interior_electricity; rain_test_water; release_electricity; hfc_air; pe_film; corrugated_board	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished unit; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass	q_ref

Derive q_item from same variant/period net issues or attributable utility/waste/species divided by accepted count; retain stock change and reject/rework treatment. Normalize by measured M with unchanged kg, MJ or gas m3 numerator. Actual count-based supplier quantities require measured mass per exact part and a separately recorded conversion; do not reuse a count/area/energy-reference UUID as a mass identity. Wall charge, precharged purchased pack energy and retained delivery SOC are distinct records. Aggregate separately normalized compatible variants only with disclosed mass weights and uncertainty.

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_identity	flows	Verify actual supplied material/state/chemistry/component boundaries and reference-property units; battery powder/cell/pack and transport service/vehicle are distinct.	supplier specifications; state100 identity/property/unit audit
quality_complete	bus	Reconcile all fitted BOM components and retained fluids to measured complete M; no residual mass invented for unknown components. Complete actual route and supplier/waste/transport coverage before asserting completeness.	vehicle scale; VIN BOM; inventory/stock balances
quality_acceptance	release	Retain actual released HV, electrical, brake, leak, door and other relevant tests with parameters/results; no inherited manufacturer approval or generic thresholds.	signed release; calibrated instruments; homologation records if held
quality_period	records	Declare participating sites, matched representative period, make-or-buy/variants, primary coverage, allocation uncertainty and source age. Historical source architecture is not current numerical LCI.	work orders; supplier versions; meter closure; uncertainty

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_reference	finished_machine	Require1kg reference output and cp_mass measured complete-unit M; bind empty-payload weighing to exact VIN/BOM and delivery fluid/SOC state. No GVW, curb catalogue value, passenger distance or battery capacity denominator.
validation_basis	inventory	Each applicable non-reference row explicitly applies normalize_mass with linked protocol and same accepted count/period/configuration; units and reference properties must match one atomic exchange.
validation_supply	assemblies	Check bought-in body/chassis/pack boundaries, motors inside axle, refrigerant inside HVAC and internal subassemblies/recovery to prevent duplicate inputs. Three pack chemistries are conditional separate variants, not a recipe requiring all three.
validation_emissions	elementary	Require measured or measured-balance post-control particulate, xylene species, immediate fossil CO2 and factory R134a leakage with exact receiving medium. Captured dust, wastewater to treatment, biogenic CO2 and total VOC are not substitutes; no default leaks/exhaust or lifetime rates.
validation_coverage	dataset	Distinguish measured/calculated/estimated/missing/excluded/not-applicable. Report unresolved identities/providers/amounts and omitted route coverage; passing structural checks neither approves science nor establishes full cradle-to-gate.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_manufacturing_module
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Exact configured steel-frame single-deck electric urban bus manufacturing module for declared sites/period, with expanded upstream modelling only after independent supplier/transport/treatment completeness assessment.
excluded_use	Passenger-km or lifetime public-transport comparison, generic bus average, operation/charging infrastructure, other structural/powertrain routes or unsupported complete cradle-to-gate claims.
required_metadata	PCR id; VIN/model/BOM; body/chassis/pack supplier boundaries; steel structure/articulation; passenger layout; chemistry/capacity/pack mass; driveline/HVAC/fluid/SOC state; measured M; site/period; actual tests/rework; utilities/providers/transport/waste; allocation; packing/exclusions; source version.
required_quality_disclosure	Primary measured coverage; unresolved identities/provider/amount; make-or-buy and omitted routes; balances/recovery; source-age/limits; allocation and unit corrections; uncertain release measurements and review status.
update_trigger	Body/chassis structure, battery chemistry/capacity/supplier boundary, driveline, interior/HVAC, delivery-state or test change; supplier/site/utility revision; new representative period or resolved gap.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
daimler-ecitaro-manufacture-2019	handbook	Daimler Truck,9May2019, manufacture of Mercedes-Benz eCitaro at Mannheim; named Bodyshell, Cathodic dip painting, Installation, Main assembly, Finishing shop and Thorough test drive sections. https://www.daimlertruck.com/en/newsroom/pressrelease/completely-integrated-into-the-production-process-the-manufacture-of-the-mercedes-benz-ecitaro-at-the-bus-plant-in-mannheim-43250877	Historical steel-body process decomposition, installed battery/cooling and acceptance architecture only; current foreground governs actual recipe, topology and parameters. No temperatures, bath volume, thickness, pack counts, masses, test distance, emissions or cycle duration adopted.
solaris-sustainability-2024	handbook	Sustainability at Solaris2024,PDF/printedp.5, Solaris sites, as at31December2024. https://www.solarisbus.com/public/assets/content/firma/esg/2025/Sustainability_at_Solaris_2024.pdf	Independent manufacturer steel-frame and electric-component/battery-integration site roles; not numerical LCI, universal factory route, allocation weights or methodology approval.