Small-displacement four-stroke scooter manufacturing

1. Scope and Applicability

Manufacture of a new complete two-wheel petrol scooter with single-cylinder reciprocating spark-ignition four-stroke piston engine of actual total cylinder capacity not exceeding50cm3, welded steel frame and one externally supplied complete engine-CVT-clutch-final-drive power unit; local manufacturing is frame fabrication/finishing, followed by unit mounting, running-gear/equipment integration and factory acceptance, not engine or CVT manufacture. The actual released frame cutting/forming/joining, conditional surface treatment/coating, installed power unit/running gear/body/electrical equipment and bounded factory acceptance define this foreground route. Frame stock grade/cross-section, joining method and supplied package configuration must be declared; no universal alloy, shielding gas or coating recipe imposed. This route is narrower than CPC49911.

Exclude >50cc scooters/motorcycles, two-stroke engines, electric/hybrid and non-reciprocating propulsion, horizontally opposed twin-cylinder motorcycles, external longitudinal shaft-drive/final-drive assembly manufacture or alignment, in-house engine/CVT manufacture, auxiliary-motor bicycles, sidecars, tricycles, primarily aluminium/composite frames, complete kits/parts sold separately, repair/overhaul and transport service. Exclude customer riding, passenger-km, fuel economy during use, maintenance, road infrastructure and end of life. Actual factory engine/roller and bounded acceptance movement belong to the manufacturing endpoint only with measured support inputs. Foreground alone is not complete cradle-to-gate or a lifetime mobility comparison.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.transport-equipment.small-displacement-motorcycle
classification_refs	CPC:3.0:49911; narrower
covered_products	Manufacture of a new complete two-wheel petrol scooter with single-cylinder reciprocating spark-ignition four-stroke piston engine of actual total cylinder capacity not exceeding50cm3, welded steel frame and one externally supplied complete engine-CVT-clutch-final-drive power unit; local manufacturing is frame fabrication/finishing, followed by unit mounting, running-gear/equipment integration and factory acceptance, not engine or CVT manufacture. The actual released frame cutting/forming/joining, conditional surface treatment/coating, installed power unit/running gear/body/electrical equipment and bounded factory acceptance define this foreground route. Frame stock grade/cross-section, joining method and supplied package configuration must be declared; no universal alloy, shielding gas or coating recipe imposed. This route is narrower than CPC49911.
excluded_products	Exclude >50cc scooters/motorcycles, two-stroke engines, electric/hybrid and non-reciprocating propulsion, horizontally opposed twin-cylinder motorcycles, external longitudinal shaft-drive/final-drive assembly manufacture or alignment, in-house engine/CVT manufacture, auxiliary-motor bicycles, sidecars, tricycles, primarily aluminium/composite frames, complete kits/parts sold separately, repair/overhaul and transport service. Exclude customer riding, passenger-km, fuel economy during use, maintenance, road infrastructure and end of life. Actual factory engine/roller and bounded acceptance movement belong to the manufacturing endpoint only with measured support inputs. Foreground alone is not complete cradle-to-gate or a lifetime mobility comparison.
representative_product	One complete accepted two-wheel four-stroke <=50cc automatic petrol scooter with welded steel frame and actual supplied engine-CVT unit. Honda2022 Giorno49cm3/CVT is a historical configuration illustration, not compulsory model or proof of its frame recipe.
production_route	Steel-frame fabrication and joining; Surface preparation and frame finishing; Power-unit, running-gear and equipment installation; Bounded factory tests, weighing and dispatch acceptance
market_state	Complete assembled accepted vehicle with installed fit-list and retained technical lubricant/coolant/damper oil/electrolyte once. All fuel, rider/baggage, packaging/transport cage, detached tools/spares and temporary fixtures excluded from net M.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture and acceptance of the complete declared <=50cc four-stroke petrol scooter.
How much	1kg accepted net manufacturing output from actual measured M kg per one complete accepted same-configuration scooter.
How well	Actual released drawings/supplier fit-list and current applicable contract/authority conformity and factory acceptance records. No generic speed/power/emission-limit requirement inferred.
How long or cycle	One recorded manufacture/acceptance cycle, not lifetime mobility service. No service life invented.
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Motorcycles and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc 535b67cb-a95b-466a-afa5-ea295294b3e2
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model/released drawing revision/serial; two-wheel scooter, actual <=50cm3 total displacement, single cylinder and four-stroke spark ignition; frame grade/tube-sheet geometry and joining/finish; received power-unit supplier/engine-CVT-clutch-final-drive scope and independent installed kg/prefill; wheel/tyre/suspension/brake/body/saddle/tank/electrical fit-list; oil/coolant/battery chemistry and supplier wet/dry condition; site/period/accepted count/rework; current actual conformity and bounded factory-test plans/results; actual regular test-petrol grade/biogenic share and stock closure; calibrated complete-scooter weighing originals/tare/configuration/net fuel and temporary-stock corrections; independently measured installed BOM mass and uncertainty; net M kg distinct from catalogue vehicle/curb mass and rated payload; upstream utility/transport/treatment coverage and gaps

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete unit of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_energy	frame_power; coat_power; assembly_power; test_power	Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Meter actual kWh, multiply by3.6MJ/kWh; no rated motor power times presumed duty cycle.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received actual welded circular frame tubes/declared bracket stock and finished supplied engine-CVT/wheel/body/electrical modules at fabrication and assembly sites. Smelting, supplied engine manufacture and contained modules are upstream, not automatically foreground.
starting_condition_role	foreground_start
product_classification_scope	CPC:3.0:49911; narrower
recursive_input_rule	Purchased completed frame or glider has identified supplied equipment/coating scope; only actual added work/acceptance enters foreground, no stock-fabrication duplication into already complete modules.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Compatible actual stock, power-unit, tyres/body/electrical, utility, transport and treatment modules with property/grade/package/prefill declared before extending beyond foreground.
disclosure	Actual make-or-buy start/site/period, supplied package contents, subprocesses/rework, contracted manufacturing/test support, fluid/fuel stock state, exclusions and upstream gaps. No default complete cradle-to-gate label.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_package	assembly	One supplied engine-CVT-clutch/final-drive assembly contains only documented scope. Record module installed supplied kg and contained prefill once, independently reconcile scooter fit-list and net M. Do not also add contained engine/transmission/starter or lubricant as purchased exchanges. In-house engine/CVT manufacture and external shaft-drive fabrication/alignment are outside this boundary; those routes need independent methodological applicability review. Actual wheel/tyre manufacture requires its atomic stock/process records.
boundary_coating	coat	Actual supplier-coated panel/frame contains upstream coating; additional plant cleaning/primer/powder/cure needs actual chemical/meter cards. General manufacturer process descriptions do not establish exact formulation or mandatory operations for this model.	yamaha-mc-process
boundary_trials	acceptance	Include attributable factory checks/roller/engine runs and actual bounded movements, including rework and support equipment. Road riding/fuel economy during use remains excluded. Keep issued/returned/recovered/retained test fuel and technical-fluid balances; all fuel removed from M, not automatically counted consumed.
boundary_complete	finished_machine	Reference represents the complete current installed configured vehicle, not bodyless glider, frame, engine or transported knock-down kit. Document final reassembly/acceptance before net M; transport dismantling and separate delivered items disclosed.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
frame	Steel-frame fabrication and joining	required	Actual received stock cut/press/bend/join to released frame drawings, qualified work orders and dimensional/joint inspection; supplier-complete frame replaces contained work.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; conditional exchanges only where actually used
coat	Surface preparation and frame finishing	conditional	Only actually performed cleaning/coating/cure and rework; supplied coated frame contains its upstream finish. Each actual chemical has its own card.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; conditional exchanges only where actually used
assembly	Power-unit, running-gear and equipment installation	required	Actual externally supplied complete single-cylinder engine-CVT module receipt/scope check and mounting-interface/clearance/torque verification, wheels/tyres/suspension/brakes/body/tank/seat/harness and complete configured fit-list, separately added technical fluids and torque/function checks.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; conditional exchanges only where actually used
acceptance	Bounded factory tests, weighing and dispatch acceptance	required	Actual brake/light/electrical/function/engine or roller checks as applicable, bounded movements, rework and calibrated same-configuration net weighing.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; conditional exchanges only where actually used

Process: Steel-frame fabrication and joining (frame)

Actual received stock cut/press/bend/join to released frame drawings, qualified work orders and dimensional/joint inspection; supplier-complete frame replaces contained work.

Inputs

Product flows

Steel Pipe (steel_tube)

Actual received circular welded non-stainless steel frame tube, released grade/heat/diameter/wall, issued minus returned kg. Seamless/noncircular stock requires a different identity; formed supplier tube contents declared.

• Selected flow: Steel Pipe 370d14a6-55f3-4fdd-90b2-84751125ff00
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Cold-rolled low-carbon steel frame-bracket sheet (bracket_sheet)

Conditional actual grade/thickness sheet for cut/press/bend brackets; supplied finished bracket replaces contained stock/work.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled low-carbon steel frame-bracket sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Solid carbon-steel gas-shielded welding wire (weld_wire)

Conditional actual qualified procedure uses this solid-wire chemistry/diameter; consumed issued/returned kg recorded, resistance welding does not consume this wire by default.

• Selected flow: Solid carbon-steel gas-shielded welding wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Pure argon welding shielding gas (shield_argon)

Conditional actual procedure uses pure argon CAS7440-37-1 with metered kg or actual state-specific measured conversion. A mixture is not pure argon and must have its own identity.

• Selected flow: Pure argon welding shielding gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Alternating current (frame_power)

Actual below1kV grid-user cutting/bending/pressing/welding/jigging and extraction electricity, compressed-air generation included once; released procedure determines actual technique.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Actual segregated dry untreated non-stainless steel offcuts leaving plant; internal reusable stock not waste; oily/painted streams separately identified.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Particulate matter, particle size unspecified (particle_air)

Only actual post-control particles to immediate air unspecified submedium/size, original sampling/exhaust flow/time. Captured grinding/welding dust is waste; measured size fractions use separate compatible flows.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_frame.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_frame
• Sources:

Process: Surface preparation and frame finishing (coat)

Only actually performed cleaning/coating/cure and rework; supplied coated frame contains its upstream finish. Each actual chemical has its own card.

Inputs

Product flows

Formulated epoxy steel-frame anticorrosion primer (epoxy_primer)

Conditional actual supplied formulation/SDS wet kg, solids/retained film and curing; no mandatory electrocoat or chromate route.

• Selected flow: Formulated epoxy steel-frame anticorrosion primer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Formulated polyester thermosetting frame-coating powder (powder_finish)

Conditional actual one supplied powder formulation kg; issued/returned/reclaimed/retained and cure energy. Solvent topcoat must be a different chemistry card, not this powder.

• Selected flow: Formulated polyester thermosetting frame-coating powder
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Tap water (coat_water)

Conditional actual municipal product water for cleaning makeup; recycle transfers distinguished; actual cleaner chemistry/wastewater/treatment separately characterised.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Alternating current (coat_power)

Actual below1kV cleaning/coating/ventilation/electric curing and rework demand; gas-fired curing separately adds exact fuel and evidenced species.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Waste paint (wet_paint_residue)

Conditional actual wet primer overspray/residue sent to treatment; powder reclaim remains internal, spent powder/filter media require separate actual waste cards.

• Selected flow: Waste paint 877e5a04-76c8-4c5b-ac4c-062f5beeb2bd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Elementary flows

xylene (all isomers) (xylene_air)

Only actual CAS1330-20-7 xylene post-control release to immediate unspecified air from actual solvent-containing work. Powder finish does not imply xylene, totalVOC not this species.

• Selected flow: xylene (all isomers) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ad91-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Process: Power-unit, running-gear and equipment installation (assembly)

Actual externally supplied complete single-cylinder engine-CVT module receipt/scope check and mounting-interface/clearance/torque verification, wheels/tyres/suspension/brakes/body/tank/seat/harness and complete configured fit-list, separately added technical fluids and torque/function checks.

Inputs

Product flows

Finished single-cylinder four-stroke <=50cc scooter engine-CVT power-unit assembly (power_unit)

One actual externally supplied complete <=50cc single-cylinder reciprocating spark-ignition engine/CVT/clutch/final-drive module, installed supplied kg, serial/displacement and contained accessory/prefill scope. No duplicate contained engine/CVT/oil rows; independent module mass reconciles M.

• Selected flow: Finished single-cylinder four-stroke <=50cc scooter engine-CVT power-unit assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished injection-moulded polypropylene scooter leg-shield panel (body_panel)

Conditional actual supplied one PP panel drawing/resin/filler/finish and installed kg; other body panels/resins separately recorded, not aggregate plastic parts.

• Selected flow: Finished injection-moulded polypropylene scooter leg-shield panel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished cast-aluminium scooter road wheel (wheel)

Actual supplied one cast wheel model/diameter and installed kg excluding tyre/brake not contained; steel pressed rim uses another physical card.

• Selected flow: Finished cast-aluminium scooter road wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

New pneumatic tyres, of rubber, of a kind used on motorcycles or bicycles (tyre)

Actual one new scooter tyre type with size/load/speed/tube state and measured supplied installed kg; count retained. Distinct front/rear specification must split, inner tube not automatically included.

• Selected flow: New pneumatic tyres, of rubber, of a kind used on motorcycles or bicycles 433f8624-3103-4661-918b-2093658bda5f
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished scooter telescopic front-fork assembly (front_fork)

One actual supplied front-fork kg including declared damper oil/seals once, steering stem/bearings only if supplier scope includes.

• Selected flow: Finished scooter telescopic front-fork assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished scooter rear spring-damper unit (rear_shock)

One actual supplied spring/damper kg containing declared damper oil; mounting and rework demands recorded, no universal count.

• Selected flow: Finished scooter rear spring-damper unit
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished mechanically actuated scooter drum-brake unit (drum_brake)

Conditional actual one drum-brake unit kg and supplied drum/shoes/actuator scope; already in wheel/module omit. Actual disc/cable/hydraulic variants need their exact rows.

• Selected flow: Finished mechanically actuated scooter drum-brake unit
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished upholstered scooter saddle assembly (seat)

Actual supplied one saddle kg with base/foam/cover and hinge/latch scope; separate storage box outside unless contained.

• Selected flow: Finished upholstered scooter saddle assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished scooter exhaust silencer with catalyst (exhaust)

Conditional actual supplied one complete silencer/catalyst model kg beyond power-unit package; catalyst chemistry/scope documented, not mandated for every product.

• Selected flow: Finished scooter exhaust silencer with catalyst
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished steel scooter petrol tank (fuel_tank)

Actual supplied tank kg with stated pump/sender/coating content; fuel excluded from tank and M. Plastic tank uses different physical row.

• Selected flow: Finished steel scooter petrol tank
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a kind used in vehicles, aircraft or ships (harness)

One actual finished supplied scooter main harness model/connector/insulation kg, not separately supplied raw cable nor already contained power-unit ignition wires.

• Selected flow: Ignition wiring sets and other wiring sets of a kind used in vehicles, aircraft or ships 4b3f48dd-97a6-427e-9baf-742d7eb6e9c2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Finished lead-acid scooter starter battery (starter_battery)

Conditional actual supplied installed model kg with electrolyte once, actual rating and wet/dry delivery; other chemistry uses separate card.

• Selected flow: Finished lead-acid scooter starter battery
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Formulated mineral four-stroke petrol-engine lubricating oil (engine_oil)

Conditional actual applicable one formulated mineral oil added beyond power-unit prefill; independently measured issued/returned/removed/retained kg. No two-stroke premix assumption.

• Selected flow: Formulated mineral four-stroke petrol-engine lubricating oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Formulated ethylene-glycol scooter engine coolant (coolant)

Conditional actual liquid-cooled engine uses declared glycol/water/additive concentration, separately added beyond supplier prefill kg; air-cooled configuration not charged by default.

• Selected flow: Formulated ethylene-glycol scooter engine coolant
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Alternating current (assembly_power)

Actual below1kV module mounting/wheel installation/torque/electrical fluid-filling and function checks; compressed air generation and battery charging included once.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Bounded factory tests, weighing and dispatch acceptance (acceptance)

Actual brake/light/electrical/function/engine or roller checks as applicable, bounded movements, rework and calibrated same-configuration net weighing.

Inputs

Product flows

gasoline (regular) (test_petrol)

Conditional actual regular petroleum motor gasoline for bounded factory engine/roller acceptance run; actual grade/composition and issue-return-retained stock measured. Declare bio-component share if present and choose matching fuel/biogenic flows; no catalogue fuel-economy factor.

• Selected flow: gasoline (regular) 4f19a2f9-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Alternating current (test_power)

Actual below1kV roller/electrical/light/brake/inspection/weighing equipment demand and rework, not customer driving energy.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) (film)

Conditional actual noncellular nonadhesive protective film kg outside M; actual cardboard/pallet/steel transport cage separately identified.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Motorcycles and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc (finished_machine)

1kg share of complete accepted declared two-wheel <=50cc four-stroke petrol scooter, installed equipment and technical prefill once, actual measured corrected net M; all fuel excluded.

• Selected flow: Motorcycles and cycles fitted with an auxiliary motor, with reciprocating internal combustion piston engine of a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc 535b67cb-a95b-466a-afa5-ea295294b3e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: fixed_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Used lubricating oil (used_oil)

Only actual segregated spent mineral oil removed in factory testing sent to treatment, not retained lubrication or coolant/solvent mixture.

• Selected flow: Used lubricating oil 55d93375-7f04-4166-b2a2-88ce929051a5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (fossil_co2_air)

Only actual fossil CO2 release immediate unspecified air from measured test-fuel carbon balance accounting unburned/recovered carbon or direct species measurement. Biogenic share not assigned to this fossil flow.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

nitrogen monoxide (no_air)

Only measured NO CAS10102-43-9 post-control actual factory exhaust to immediate unspecified air; totalNOx, NO2 and N2O cannot substitute without species evidence.

• Selected flow: nitrogen monoxide 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-96ee-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_direct	all processes	Prefer actual configuration work orders and metered issue/return/test attribution. Match reporting accepted counts to complete output; include actual reject/rework burdens, no dilution by sales or differing configurations.
allocation_shared	shared operations	First separate processes. Where inseparable, use actual causal machine occupancy, joint length/work time, conditioned surface and test/support energy as appropriate, reconcile common meter totals, record driver units and compare plausible alternatives. No unmeasured equal-per-scooter or mass share for fixed electrical testing.
allocation_scrap	waste	No automatic avoided virgin steel, recyclable material or returned fuel credit. Keep internal transfers, outgoing wastes, treatment and real co-products distinct. Economic allocation only for documented genuine co-products when causal physical basis unavailable, retaining actual price period and sensitivity.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	acceptance	accepted complete output	measurement	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Use traceable weighing records for the accepted complete unit of the same configuration.	kg	every accepted scooter	matched manufacture/acceptance period	actual acceptance/weighing station	accepted net mass per unit	current scooter-specific method; calibrated all-wheel platform readings/tare; measured fuel-state corrections and fit-list
cp_frame	frame	independent atomic exchanges	foreground_record	grade/heat/tube-sheet dimensions; issued-returned stock; qualified join work orders/wire/gas if used; kWh; dry offcuts; actual post-control species sampling	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated installed supplied component mass, utility metering or sampled species with measured exhaust flow/time. Record scooter/configuration work orders, accepted count, stock/rework and destination.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and full period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual manufacturing/test sites and declared subcontractors	attributable process exchange / accepted units	certificate/SDS, metering/sampling uncertainty, issue-return-stock and count closure
cp_coat	coat	independent atomic exchanges	foreground_record	actual formulation/SDS and treated surface; wet primer/powder issues, returns/reclaim/retained film; cleaning water; cure/extraction demand and residues/wastewater	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated installed supplied component mass, utility metering or sampled species with measured exhaust flow/time. Record scooter/configuration work orders, accepted count, stock/rework and destination.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and full period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual manufacturing/test sites and declared subcontractors	attributable process exchange / accepted units	certificate/SDS, metering/sampling uncertainty, issue-return-stock and count closure
cp_assembly	assembly	independent atomic exchanges	foreground_record	power-unit model/serial/displacement/stroke; supplied engine/CVT/accessories/prefill; installed independent kg; wheel/tyre/suspension/brake/saddle/panel/tank/electrical fit-list; additional oil/coolant and electricity	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated installed supplied component mass, utility metering or sampled species with measured exhaust flow/time. Record scooter/configuration work orders, accepted count, stock/rework and destination.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and full period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual manufacturing/test sites and declared subcontractors	attributable process exchange / accepted units	certificate/SDS, metering/sampling uncertainty, issue-return-stock and count closure
cp_acceptance	acceptance	independent atomic exchanges	foreground_record	serial/configuration; actual test work orders/load/duration/endpoints; regular fuel composition/stock closure; sampling species/concentration/exhaust flow; electric meters; calibrated complete weighing/tare/measured net corrections and independent BOM	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated installed supplied component mass, utility metering or sampled species with measured exhaust flow/time. Record scooter/configuration work orders, accepted count, stock/rework and destination.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and full period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual manufacturing/test sites and declared subcontractors	attributable process exchange / accepted units	certificate/SDS, metering/sampling uncertainty, issue-return-stock and count closure

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	steel_tube; bracket_sheet; weld_wire; shield_argon; frame_power; steel_scrap; particle_air; epoxy_primer; powder_finish; coat_water; coat_power; wet_paint_residue; xylene_air; power_unit; body_panel; wheel; tyre; front_fork; rear_shock; drum_brake; seat; exhaust; fuel_tank; harness; starter_battery; engine_oil; coolant; assembly_power; test_petrol; test_power; used_oil; fossil_co2_air; no_air; film	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished unit; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass	q_ref

q_item is actual attributed exchange after measured returns/stock/recovery and rework divided by matched accepted unit count. Preserve kg or MJ numerator, MJ/kg for electricity. Power-unit q_item is installed supplied complete engine-CVT module kg, not Item(s). Separate oil/coolant q_item only additional amounts not contained in module prefill. Any count/volume conversion needs actual same-item mass/geometry/state evidence and uncertainty. Do not use catalogue scooter/engine mass, standard fuel density or rated payload.

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_weighing	finished_machine	Use a calibrated complete-scooter weighing platform supporting all wheels, with controlled tare and no operator, side support or temporary fixture contribution. Preserve serial/configuration, original readings, instrument/calibration, date, repeat readings and uncertainty. Independently measured installed frame, engine-CVT, running gear, equipment and retained technical fluids reconcile M. Missing physical originals prevent dataset use; no catalogue81kg vehicle weight or payload conversion.	original complete weighing and independent installed component records
quality_net	finished_machine	Preserve measured as-weighed state and signed corrections. Exclude all actual fuel including residual fuel, rider/baggage, temporary fixtures, transport cage/packaging, detached spares/tools. Include installed technical lubricant, coolant, damper oil and battery electrolyte once, in actual declared wet/dry supplied state. Trace corrections to actual draining and weighing records; neither zero residual fuel nor infer M from catalogue curb weight or a guessed BOM.	signed fuel/stock corrections and supplier containment
quality_classification	finished_machine	Actual released engine identity and displacement documentation must establish reciprocating four-stroke spark-ignition petrol route and single cylinder and total cylinder capacity<=50cm3 for the actual model. The public class49911 flow is broader than this scooter route. Historical Honda49cm3/CVT specifications illustrate configuration only, not current model availability or a mandatory frame/coating recipe.	honda-giorno-2022; actual released model and engine records
quality_identity	all flows	One actual grade/model/chemical/state per exchange. A supplied complete engine-CVT-clutch/final-drive module requires its own documented identity and installed supplied kg: engine-only class43121 cannot be assumed to contain transmission, and >50cc powertrain or class43110 excluding motor vehicles cannot substitute. Respect official reference property and bilingual name; installed module kg and complete M independently reconcile. Count tracking is supplementary, never falsely Item(s) against Mass.	actual supplier fit-list, direct public identity/property chain
quality_release	elementary	Collect only physically evidenced actual post-control release with chemical/CAS, immediate medium/submedium, species concentration/exhaust flow/time or actual fuel carbon balance. PM unspecified size is not captured dust, xylene not totalVOC, fossil CO2 not biogenic, NO not NO2/N2O/NOx. Expand other actual combustion/coating species separately when evidenced, and separate fuel biogenic carbon. None is assumed unavoidable; four-stroke route does not prescribe two-stroke premix oil.	original sampling, actual fuel/SDS/carbon and control records
quality_acceptance	acceptance	Retain actual current released joint/frame alignment, supplied integrated power-unit mount/torque and rear running-gear clearance/interface, CVT clutch/function acceptance, wheel/tyre/suspension, brake/control, fuel/oil/cooling leak, electrical/light and bounded engine/roller function checks and rework. Test endpoints/load/time/fuel return and support inputs are measured. No historical maximum speed, power, fuel economy, tank capacity or regulatory limit establishes a required threshold here.	current model-specific released test plans/results
quality_completeness	dataset	Reconcile full installed fit-list with issue/return/supplier/meter totals. Add actual separate fasteners/bearings, stand, lights/mirrors/switches/controls/cables, pump/hoses/cooling system, starter/ignition, additional specific panels, grade-specific finish chemicals, wastewater treatment and packaging if not contained. Different front/rear tyre sizes or physically different modules require separate cards; no miscellaneous parts pool or25% mass assumption. Every added exchange needs its own protocol/quantity basis. State measured/calculated/estimated/missing/excluded/not-applicable status, uncertainty and upstream/support/transport/treatment gaps.	complete fit-list and closed actual stock/meter/package records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_reference	finished_machine	Exactly1kg complete accepted declared scooter, measured cp_mass net M and independent component mass balance, same configuration and fuel correction originals. Formula consistency is not physical weighing or methodology approval.
validation_basis	inventory	All rows link valid lowercase IDs/protocols and normalize_mass; match accepted count/period/numerator units. Reject mixed configurations, invalid quantity enum, Mass/Volume/Energy substitution or catalogue conversion.
validation_scope	dataset	Require actual independent <=50cm3 four-stroke scooter engine/configuration applicability, bounded manufacturing support/trials and disclosed identities/upstream gaps. No transport function or cradle-to-gate completeness claim from foreground alone.
validation_release	elementary	Verify chemical/CAS/medium/time and actual conditional quantity; purchased water is product, outgoing wastewater treatment is waste, resource abstraction and direct emissions are separate.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_manufacturing_module
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Manufacture of a new complete two-wheel petrol scooter with single-cylinder reciprocating spark-ignition four-stroke piston engine of actual total cylinder capacity not exceeding50cm3, welded steel frame and one externally supplied complete engine-CVT-clutch-final-drive power unit; local manufacturing is frame fabrication/finishing, followed by unit mounting, running-gear/equipment integration and factory acceptance, not engine or CVT manufacture. The actual released frame cutting/forming/joining, conditional surface treatment/coating, installed power unit/running gear/body/electrical equipment and bounded factory acceptance define this foreground route. Frame stock grade/cross-section, joining method and supplied package configuration must be declared; no universal alloy, shielding gas or coating recipe imposed. This route is narrower than CPC49911.
excluded_use	Exclude >50cc scooters/motorcycles, two-stroke engines, electric/hybrid and non-reciprocating propulsion, horizontally opposed twin-cylinder motorcycles, external longitudinal shaft-drive/final-drive assembly manufacture or alignment, in-house engine/CVT manufacture, auxiliary-motor bicycles, sidecars, tricycles, primarily aluminium/composite frames, complete kits/parts sold separately, repair/overhaul and transport service. Exclude customer riding, passenger-km, fuel economy during use, maintenance, road infrastructure and end of life. Actual factory engine/roller and bounded acceptance movement belong to the manufacturing endpoint only with measured support inputs. Foreground alone is not complete cradle-to-gate or a lifetime mobility comparison.
required_metadata	model/released drawing revision/serial; two-wheel scooter, actual <=50cm3 total displacement, single cylinder and four-stroke spark ignition; frame grade/tube-sheet geometry and joining/finish; received power-unit supplier/engine-CVT-clutch-final-drive scope and independent installed kg/prefill; wheel/tyre/suspension/brake/body/saddle/tank/electrical fit-list; oil/coolant/battery chemistry and supplier wet/dry condition; site/period/accepted count/rework; current actual conformity and bounded factory-test plans/results; actual regular test-petrol grade/biogenic share and stock closure; calibrated complete-scooter weighing originals/tare/configuration/net fuel and temporary-stock corrections; independently measured installed BOM mass and uncertainty; net M kg distinct from catalogue vehicle/curb mass and rated payload; upstream utility/transport/treatment coverage and gaps
required_quality_disclosure	Exact scooter fit-list/engine-CVT route/supplier prefill and actual cylinder displacement; actual measured net M/raw corrections and component mass/uncertainty; actual period/site/count/rework/test endpoints; causal allocation/sensitivity; missing identities/physical records and upstream/treatment/support coverage; scientific review pending.
update_trigger	Structure/joining/finish or power-unit/running-gear/electrical configuration, supplier/make-or-buy/site/period, fluid/fuel chemistry, trial scope, weighing/delivery state, classification basis and new identity/evidence.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
honda-giorno-2022	handbook	Honda GIORNO specifications, March2022, one-page manufacturer PDFp1 table and date footnote. https://www.honda.co.jp/content/dam/site/www/50-Scooter/cq_img/pdf/GIORNO_SPEC_SP.pdf	Historical49cm3 liquid-cooled four-stroke/CVT configuration illustration only. No current production claim, compulsory model, steel-frame recipe, net81kg manufacturing M, tank capacity, fuel economy or life adopted. Actual released drawings and physical records govern the chosen route.
yamaha-mc-process	handbook	Yamaha Motor, バイク・スクーター・船外機をつくる仕事, undated official HTML, sections プレス、溶接、塗装、ユニット組付 / エンジン組立 / 車体・ユニット組立 / 完成検査 / 工場管理; unpaginated. https://global.yamaha-motor.com/jp/recruit/graduates/highschool/works-mc/	General motorcycle/scooter pressing/welding/painting/unit assembly, purchased parts and final function/electrical/exterior inspection support decomposition only. Outboard assembly excluded. Not a specific Honda site, compulsory casting/forging/coating recipe or quantity evidence; actual make-or-buy work orders control foreground.