Non-self-propelled stainless-steel railway passenger coach manufacturing

1. Scope and Applicability

Manufacture of a new complete locomotive-hauled seated air-conditioned railway passenger coach with welded stainless-steel carbody: actual underframe/body fabrication and surface finishing, supplied non-powered bogie/body mating, interior/brake/electrical/HVAC installation, bounded factory tests and corrected net-mass acceptance. One released model/revision, gauge, seating/door/brake/HVAC and supplied-package configuration defines applicability. Non-stainless portions of the actual underframe are declared separately. This product subset is narrower than CPC49532; it is a manufacturing module, not passenger transport performance.

Exclude self-propelled EMU/DMU vehicles, locomotives, powered tramcars, complete trainsets, driving-cab/control coaches, sleeping/dining/mail/luggage-only special coaches, maintenance/service vehicles, parts sold separately, overhaul/rebuild and other body routes such as aluminium FSW. Exclude passenger-km, towing-locomotive manufacture/operating fuel, passenger service energy/water, in-service maintenance, railway infrastructure and end of life. No operational service is supplied by this reference. Actual contracted manufacturing and acceptance movements require explicit endpoints and attributable support inputs; do not silently omit them or claim complete cradle-to-gate coverage.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.transport-equipment.railway-passenger-coach
classification_refs	CPC:3.0:49532; narrower
covered_products	Manufacture of a new complete locomotive-hauled seated air-conditioned railway passenger coach with welded stainless-steel carbody: actual underframe/body fabrication and surface finishing, supplied non-powered bogie/body mating, interior/brake/electrical/HVAC installation, bounded factory tests and corrected net-mass acceptance. One released model/revision, gauge, seating/door/brake/HVAC and supplied-package configuration defines applicability. Non-stainless portions of the actual underframe are declared separately. This product subset is narrower than CPC49532; it is a manufacturing module, not passenger transport performance.
excluded_products	Exclude self-propelled EMU/DMU vehicles, locomotives, powered tramcars, complete trainsets, driving-cab/control coaches, sleeping/dining/mail/luggage-only special coaches, maintenance/service vehicles, parts sold separately, overhaul/rebuild and other body routes such as aluminium FSW. Exclude passenger-km, towing-locomotive manufacture/operating fuel, passenger service energy/water, in-service maintenance, railway infrastructure and end of life. No operational service is supplied by this reference. Actual contracted manufacturing and acceptance movements require explicit endpoints and attributable support inputs; do not silently omit them or claim complete cradle-to-gate coverage.
representative_product	One accepted new stainless-steel seated coach with declared non-powered bogies, actual HVAC/window/door and auxiliary configurations. No universal gauge, seat count or tare mass.
production_route	Underframe and stainless carbody fabrication; Surface preparation and coating; Non-powered bogie mating and braking interfaces; Passenger interior and auxiliary-system installation; Factory inspection, testing and net-mass acceptance
market_state	Complete accepted coach including installed fit-list and retained technical prefill once; passengers/luggage/potable water/toilet service stocks, packaging, detached spares and temporary testing equipment excluded from net M.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture and acceptance of the complete declared non-self-propelled passenger coach.
How much	1 kg accepted net manufacturing output derived from actual M kg per same complete accepted unit.
How well	Released design, supplier configuration and current actual contract/authority acceptance records; no manufacturer marketing figures as generic threshold.
How long or cycle	One documented manufacturing/acceptance cycle, not a lifetime passenger service. No useful life invented.
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Railway or tramway passenger coaches, not self-propelled, luggage vans, post office coaches and other special-purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled (except maintenance or service vehicles) 125d4ce1-c7db-4b0a-bcf6-82c0b0385d13
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	coach identifier/model and released design/revision; locomotive-hauled non-powered state; carbody/underframe grades, sheet thickness, joining and finish; gauge/bogie/axle/brake/coupler configuration; seat/door/window/floor/HVAC/toilet/battery/electrical fit-list; actual HVAC refrigerant/charge and supplier prefill; make-or-buy module contents; technical fluids versus service/test stocks and net delivery state; site/period/accepted count/rework; current acceptance test plan and actual bounded support movements; calibrated complete-unit wheel/axle weighing originals, corrections and measured net M kg; independently measured installed BOM mass and uncertainty; upstream/provider/utility/transport/treatment coverage

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete unit of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_energy	body_power; coat_power; running_power; outfit_power; test_power	Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve actual electrical-energy numerator; convert metered kWh by 3.6 MJ/kWh. Do not add internally transferred energy as a second purchased supply.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Identified received sheets/underframe stock and finished purchased non-powered bogies/fit-out components at declared fabrication/assembly sites. Primary smelting or manufacturing contained in supplied packages is not automatically foreground.
starting_condition_role	foreground_start
product_classification_scope	CPC:3.0:49532; narrower
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete coach/shell is an identified upstream input with supplied state; only actual additional assembly/rework is foreground. This stock-to-complete-coach route cannot be recursively copied into an already complete unit.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Compatible supplier modules for actual materials/bogies/interiors/HVAC, utilities, transport and waste treatment with property/configuration/contained prefill declared before extending beyond foreground.
disclosure	Actual make-or-buy start, sites/period, subprocesses, supplier contents, utilities/testing/support transfers, technical versus service stocks, exclusions/gaps and upstream coverage. Never label the foreground record complete cradle-to-gate by default.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_actual	manufacture	Follow released actual drawings/work orders for stock fabrication, qualified joining and supplier-package integration. Each actual additional material/utility/treatment gets its own atomic row and linked records; conditional example chemistry is not prescribed.
boundary_package	running; outfit	Complete supplied bogies include declared wheelsets/suspension/brakes; complete HVAC/door/seat packages include contained parts/fluids. Record only additional independent stocks, no double counting. Actual in-house bogie/component manufacture must expand its physical work; purchased kg cannot stand in for unrecorded factory work.
boundary_trials	acceptance	Declare static/brake/electrical/HVAC/water-leak tests and actual acceptance movements. For tow trials retain support-vehicle supplier/activity and measured attributable fuel/energy or contracted transport module. Passenger operation and towing locomotives remain outside reference output.
boundary_net	finished_machine	Deliver the complete installed configuration and technical fluids once; actual measured service/test water, persons, luggage, load substitutes, packaging and temporary attachments are removed by signed corrections.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
body	Underframe and stainless carbody fabrication	required	Actual received stock, cut/form/join to released drawings and process qualifications; supplier-prefabricated modules replace contained work.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; same configuration
coat	Surface preparation and coating	conditional	Include only actual cleaning and separately supplied coats/cure where performed; stainless surfaces need not all be painted.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; same configuration
running	Non-powered bogie mating and braking interfaces	required	One exact purchased non-powered bogie supply contains declared wheels, suspension and bogie brakes; integrate body-side coupler/valve/reservoir. In-house bogie manufacture requires separate atomic stock/process expansion.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; same configuration
outfit	Passenger interior and auxiliary-system installation	required	Install actual seats, windows, doors and configured floor/insulation/HVAC/electrical/toilet fit-list. Purchased complete packages replace contained parts and prefill.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; same configuration
acceptance	Factory inspection, testing and net-mass acceptance	required	Current actual configuration-specific static/function/leak/brake checks, bounded trials if required, rework and calibrated net weighing.	foreground_manufacturing	1kg accepted output; same configuration

Rows are specific initial exchange candidates, not a fixed exhaustive bill of materials. Extend actual fit-list with separate grades/components/chemicals/packaging and measured releases. Conditional absence needs records, not invented zero. Internal modules/transfers are not additional external products.

Process: Underframe and stainless carbody fabrication (body)

Actual received stock, cut/form/join to released drawings and process qualifications; supplier-prefabricated modules replace contained work.

Inputs

Product flows

Cold-rolled stainless-steel coach carbody sheet (stainless_sheet)

Actual released grade, thickness, finish and heat; issued less returned sheet, cut/form/weld rework included. No assumed all-stainless underframe.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled stainless-steel coach carbody sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Hot-rolled low-alloy steel coach underframe plate (underframe_plate)

Conditional actual non-stainless underframe supply grade/thickness and scope; supplier-made underframe replaces contained raw stock/work.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled low-alloy steel coach underframe plate
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Solid stainless-steel gas-shielded welding wire (stainless_wire)

Include only actual welding procedure with exact wire chemistry/diameter; supplied wire mass issued/returned and retained weld versus loss. Separate actual covered electrodes.

• Selected flow: Solid stainless-steel gas-shielded welding wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Argon welding shielding gas (shield_argon)

Conditional actual pure argon supply and metered kg or measured state-specific volume/density; no assumed mixture or prescribed consumption.

• Selected flow: Argon welding shielding gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Alternating current (body_power)

Actual below1kV grid-user cutting/forming/joining/lifting/ventilation demand; own compressed-air production energy included, no free utility.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Segregated coach stainless-steel sheet offcuts (stainless_scrap)

Actual alloy-specific untreated offcuts leaving site; internal reusable stock transfers not outgoing waste.

• Selected flow: Segregated coach stainless-steel sheet offcuts
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Post-industrial steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Conditional actual dry segregated non-stainless underframe offcuts leaving plant untreated; painted/oily streams separate.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Particulate matter, particle size unspecified (particle_air)

Conditional measured post-control particle release to immediate air unspecified submedium/size. Captured metal dust is waste, not this release; measured size fractions replace unspecified row.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_body.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_body
• Sources:

Process: Surface preparation and coating (coat)

Include only actual cleaning and separately supplied coats/cure where performed; stainless surfaces need not all be painted.

Inputs

Product flows

Formulated epoxy coach anticorrosion primer (primer)

Conditional actual formulated supply, solids/SDS and finish scope, wet kg; no universal painting of stainless surfaces.

• Selected flow: Formulated epoxy coach anticorrosion primer
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Formulated polyurethane coach exterior topcoat (topcoat)

Actual one supplied topcoat wet mass, returns/overspray and cured retained film; include site curing demand if performed.

• Selected flow: Formulated polyurethane coach exterior topcoat
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Tap water (coat_water)

Conditional actual municipal product water cleaning makeup; volume conversion requires actual density/state, recycle transfers separate.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Alternating current (coat_power)

Actual below1kV cleaning/coating/extraction/electric curing including rework. Direct fuel curing must add one fuel row and actual species.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Waste paint (paint_residue)

Actual separate wet coating overspray/residue sent to declared treatment; filters and washing sludge separate.

• Selected flow: Waste paint 877e5a04-76c8-4c5b-ac4c-062f5beeb2bd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Coach surface-washing wastewater sent to treatment (wash_waste)

Actual aqueous cleaning discharge with measured chemistry and destination; not freshwater resource or direct elementary wastewater.

• Selected flow: Coach surface-washing wastewater sent to treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Elementary flows

xylene (all isomers) (xylene_air)

Only actual xylene CAS1330-20-7 released after controls to immediate air unspecified submedium. TotalVOC is not xylene; no inevitable solvent emission.

• Selected flow: xylene (all isomers) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ad91-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coat.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_coat
• Sources:

Process: Non-powered bogie mating and braking interfaces (running)

One exact purchased non-powered bogie supply contains declared wheels, suspension and bogie brakes; integrate body-side coupler/valve/reservoir. In-house bogie manufacture requires separate atomic stock/process expansion.

Inputs

Product flows

Bogie assembly (bogie)

Actual supplied non-powered bogie model, gauge, suspension, axleboxes/wheelsets/disc brakes included in received/installed package kg; no traction motor. Do not also list contained wheelsets/brakes as external inputs.

• Selected flow: Bogie assembly ce7fe0f9-b245-44f1-a779-3a364f2234a9
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Finished railway passenger coach coupler with draft gear (coupler)

One complete supplied coupling unit with actual interface/model and contained draft gear mass; already in body package omit duplicate.

• Selected flow: Finished railway passenger coach coupler with draft gear
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Finished railway coach pneumatic brake control valve (brake_valve)

Actual body-mounted supplied valve kg beyond bogie-contained braking, pressure/interface and identification recorded.

• Selected flow: Finished railway coach pneumatic brake control valve
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Finished railway coach steel compressed-air reservoir (air_reservoir)

Actual certified supplied pressure-vessel configuration kg, no assumed generic compressor manufactured in this non-powered coach.

• Selected flow: Finished railway coach steel compressed-air reservoir
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Formulated lithium-soap railway bearing grease (grease)

Conditional actually added bearing grease beyond prefilled bogie; one composition, retained versus returned/removed documented.

• Selected flow: Formulated lithium-soap railway bearing grease
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Alternating current (running_power)

Actual below1kV bogie/body mating, alignment, lifting and brake plumbing electricity.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_running.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_running
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Passenger interior and auxiliary-system installation (outfit)

Install actual seats, windows, doors and configured floor/insulation/HVAC/electrical/toilet fit-list. Purchased complete packages replace contained parts and prefill.

Inputs

Product flows

Finished upholstered reclining railway passenger seat assembly (seat)

Actual supplied individual-seat type with frame/cushion/cover and installed mounting included kg; actual count retained, no universal72seat configuration.

• Selected flow: Finished upholstered reclining railway passenger seat assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished double-glazed tempered railway coach window assembly (window)

Only declared actual double-glazed tempered window package with frame/seals; record measured supplied kg and dimensions; no laminate-pane identity substitution.

• Selected flow: Finished double-glazed tempered railway coach window assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

rock wool (insulation)

Conditional actual unfaced rock wool kg, grade/density and separately supplied facing; contained supplier panel insulation omitted.

• Selected flow: rock wool 4f1a182c-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Fire-retardant hardwood plywood coach floor panel (floor)

Conditional actual hardwood veneer/glue/retardant supplied floor panel kg and independently recorded thickness/moisture; exact configuration may require another physical card.

• Selected flow: Fire-retardant hardwood plywood coach floor panel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished electrically actuated sliding railway passenger entrance door assembly (door)

Actual one supplied complete entrance door module kg including drive/control; internal interconnector door distinct if fitted and separately supplied.

• Selected flow: Finished electrically actuated sliding railway passenger entrance door assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished railway passenger coach roof-mounted air-conditioning unit (hvac)

Actual supplied complete non-traction HVAC model kg, refrigerant chemistry/charge and prefilled lubricant contained once; supplier scope recorded, no universal refrigerant or capacity.

• Selected flow: Finished railway passenger coach roof-mounted air-conditioning unit
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

R134a refrigerant for initial coach factory charging (r134a_fill)

Conditional actual R134a CAS811-97-2 charged beyond supplier-prefilled unit, separately metered issued/returned/recovered/retained. Other actual refrigerant uses its own chemistry row.

• Selected flow: R134a refrigerant for initial coach factory charging
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Boards, consoles, cabinets and other bases, equipped with electrical switching etc. apparatus, for electric control or the distribution of electricity, for a voltage not exceeding 1000 V (board)

One actual supplied low-voltage auxiliary distribution switchboard kg and rated voltage≤1000V; not a traction high-voltage cabinet.

• Selected flow: Boards, consoles, cabinets and other bases, equipped with electrical switching etc. apparatus, for electric control or the distribution of electricity, for a voltage not exceeding 1000 V 961bc3fa-a52f-47fe-afc0-0abac92f5fd1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished insulated copper railway coach auxiliary power cable (cable)

Actual supplier cable gauge/insulation/fire specification/voltage and measured kg installed after cutoffs; no automatic length-to-mass factor.

• Selected flow: Finished insulated copper railway coach auxiliary power cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished lead-acid railway coach auxiliary battery (battery)

Actual non-traction supplied battery kg, contained electrolyte once, voltage/capacity and testing recorded.

• Selected flow: Finished lead-acid railway coach auxiliary battery
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Finished railway coach vacuum toilet unit (toilet)

Conditional actually fitted model kg and supplied containment; actual freshwater tank separately characterised, service water stock excluded from M.

• Selected flow: Finished railway coach vacuum toilet unit
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Alternating current (outfit_power)

Actual below1kV interior installation, electrical/HVAC function tests and rework demand; no passenger use air-conditioning energy.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

HFC-134a (r134a_air)

Conditional actually measured unrecovered factory R134a CAS811-97-2 release to immediate air unspecified submedium, separate from retained charge and recovered stock; no assumed lifecycle leakage factor.

• Selected flow: HFC-134a fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a6d2-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_outfit.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_outfit
• Sources:

Process: Factory inspection, testing and net-mass acceptance (acceptance)

Current actual configuration-specific static/function/leak/brake checks, bounded trials if required, rework and calibrated net weighing.

Inputs

Product flows

Tap water (test_water)

Actual municipal rain/leak/pressure-test water consumed or discharged, recycled transfers separately; retained potable tank stock excluded from net output.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Alternating current (test_power)

Actual below1kV static acceptance/weighing/test equipment demand and attributable contracted trials. No traction-electricity exchange for this non-powered product.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Energy 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) (film)

Conditional actual non-cellular non-self-adhesive PE-LD protective film kg, excluded from M; separately supplied cardboard/timber get distinct cards when used.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Railway or tramway passenger coaches, not self-propelled, luggage vans, post office coaches and other special-purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled (except maintenance or service vehicles) (finished_machine)

1kg share of complete accepted new non-powered seated air-conditioned stainless railway coach, including declared installed equipment and technical prefill once, actual corrected net M.

• Selected flow: Railway or tramway passenger coaches, not self-propelled, luggage vans, post office coaches and other special-purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled (except maintenance or service vehicles) 125d4ce1-c7db-4b0a-bcf6-82c0b0385d13
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: fixed_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_direct	all processes	Prefer configuration/work-order metering and direct stock/test attribution. Rework and actual rejected-coach production burdens stay in matched accepted output; report rejects/returns, no hiding under sales totals.
allocation_shared	shared operations	Partition shared cutting/welding/coating/assembly/test demand by measured machine occupancy, weld time/length, actual conditioned volume/time or test energy as causally appropriate, reconciled to common meter/work orders. State actual driver units and uncertainty, compare plausible alternatives; no unmeasured equal-per-coach or mass allocation for fixed tests.
allocation_scrap	waste	No automatic avoided virgin steel or recovered-refrigerant credit. Keep alloy-specific waste/treatment route, actual ownership and downstream modelling separate; internal recovered gas/water is a transfer with loss measured once. Economic allocation only for documented real co-products after physical causality is unavailable, with actual price period and sensitivity.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	acceptance	accepted complete output	measurement	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Use traceable weighing records for the accepted complete unit of the same configuration.	kg	every accepted coach	matched manufacturing/acceptance period	actual acceptance/weighing site	accepted net mass per unit	calibration/raw complete wheel-axle weighing; signed net corrections; same fit-list
cp_body	body	separate atomic exchanges for this process	foreground_record	stock grade/thickness/heat and returns; released cut/form/weld work orders; joining material/gas; kWh meter; alloy-specific offcuts; actual outlet species/flow	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated mass/energy meter or sampled species concentration times measured exhaust flow/time; match work orders and accepted configuration. Keep count and kg separately, technical prefill containment, stock/rework and outgoing transfer destinations.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and complete period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual fabrication/assembly and declared contracted sites	attributable process exchange / accepted units	supplier identity/SDS; meter sampling uncertainty; issue-return-stock and accepted count closure
cp_coat	coat	separate atomic exchanges for this process	foreground_record	surface/formulation/SDS/solids; coat issues/returns/retained film; cleaning makeup; energy; residues/wastewater composition; post-control sampled xylene	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated mass/energy meter or sampled species concentration times measured exhaust flow/time; match work orders and accepted configuration. Keep count and kg separately, technical prefill containment, stock/rework and outgoing transfer destinations.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and complete period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual fabrication/assembly and declared contracted sites	attributable process exchange / accepted units	supplier identity/SDS; meter sampling uncertainty; issue-return-stock and accepted count closure
cp_running	running	separate atomic exchanges for this process	foreground_record	bogie model/gauge and contained wheel/brake/suspension parts; actual received/installed kg; body-side coupler/valve/reservoir; prefilled versus separately added grease	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated mass/energy meter or sampled species concentration times measured exhaust flow/time; match work orders and accepted configuration. Keep count and kg separately, technical prefill containment, stock/rework and outgoing transfer destinations.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and complete period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual fabrication/assembly and declared contracted sites	attributable process exchange / accepted units	supplier identity/SDS; meter sampling uncertainty; issue-return-stock and accepted count closure
cp_outfit	outfit	separate atomic exchanges for this process	foreground_record	seat/door/window/floor/HVAC/auxiliary battery and electrical model fit-list; supplied kg/actual count; contained technical fluids/refrigerant; installation and testing demands	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated mass/energy meter or sampled species concentration times measured exhaust flow/time; match work orders and accepted configuration. Keep count and kg separately, technical prefill containment, stock/rework and outgoing transfer destinations.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and complete period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual fabrication/assembly and declared contracted sites	attributable process exchange / accepted units	supplier identity/SDS; meter sampling uncertainty; issue-return-stock and accepted count closure
cp_acceptance	acceptance	separate atomic exchanges for this process	foreground_record	coach serial/design; current tests/endpoints; municipal product water; support electricity; service/test stock corrections; complete-unit calibrated wheel/axle weighing readings and independent mass balance	Record each actual exchange independently by supplier issue/return, calibrated mass/energy meter or sampled species concentration times measured exhaust flow/time; match work orders and accepted configuration. Keep count and kg separately, technical prefill containment, stock/rework and outgoing transfer destinations.	kg; MJ	per batch/unit/test and complete period	same configuration manufacture and acceptance cycle	actual fabrication/assembly and declared contracted sites	attributable process exchange / accepted units	supplier identity/SDS; meter sampling uncertainty; issue-return-stock and accepted count closure
cp_shared	all processes	shared service attribution	measured_activity	shared meter totals; work-order hours; actual causal driver; accepted configurations/counts	Retain measured causal driver before dividing attributable demand by matched accepted count; reconcile sum to common totals and actual rework.	kg; MJ	each allocation period	matched reporting period	all served manufacturing configurations	partition demand; attributable amount / accepted units	common meter/work-order closure, driver evidence and sensitivity

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	stainless_sheet; underframe_plate; stainless_wire; shield_argon; body_power; stainless_scrap; steel_scrap; particle_air; primer; topcoat; coat_water; coat_power; paint_residue; wash_waste; xylene_air; bogie; coupler; brake_valve; air_reservoir; grease; running_power; seat; window; insulation; floor; door; hvac; r134a_fill; board; cable; battery; toilet; outfit_power; r134a_air; test_water; test_power; film	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished unit; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass	q_ref

q_item is the attributable measured exchange, corrected for returns, inventories/recovery and rework, divided by matched accepted count. Preserve actual kg or MJ numerator. Count-to-kg, volume-to-kg or concentration conversions need actual same-product/configuration/state physical evidence and uncertainty; no universal coach weight, assumed density, rated power or axle-load limit conversion.

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_weighing	finished_machine	Obtain actual current accepted coach weighing on calibrated rail scale or traceable complete wheel/axle measuring system appropriate to its actual static/dynamic method. Keep coach serial/configuration, date/instrument/calibration/tare, all wheels/axles once, raw readings and repeat checks, units and method conditions. If readings are forces retain certified force-to-mass interpretation/local measurement conditions rather than assumed constants. Signed corrections remove measured actual excluded stocks and temporary fixtures; independently measured supplied installed body/bogies/interiors/HVAC/fluid masses reconcile full fit-list with uncertainty. Missing originals/corrections block dataset use. Catalogue tare, axle-load limit times axle count, capacity, design/BOM estimate or loaded-service mass cannot replace measured net M.	qlar-wheel-2012; current original calibration/axle observations and signed mass balance
quality_delivery	finished_machine	Net configuration includes installed non-powered bogies and complete released fit-list, retained technical grease/refrigerant/electrolyte once. Exclude passengers/luggage, potable water and toilet service stocks, substitute loads, packaging, detached spares and temporary test equipment. Document dry/wet supplied modules, actual tanks and measured corrections; do not assume empty/full water tanks. A delivered separate accessory is outside this output unless explicitly installed and requalified.	released fit-list; supplier containment/prefill; tank/correction records
quality_identity	all flows	Verify one supplied grade/route/state per row with actual certificates/SDS. Non-powered supplied bogie scope excludes traction; do not multiply count by catalogue mass. Tempered double-glazed window assembly differs from laminated glass pane; hardwood treated floor differs from bamboo generic plywood. Low-voltage cables need exact property and actual conversion; never relabel Length/Energy Mass. Conditional R134a requires actual installed chemistry; its air flow CAS811-97-2 immediate unspecified air has no public Chinese baseName, retained HFC-134a is not an invented official translation.	supplier certificates/configuration/chemical identity; exact public flow references
quality_release	elementary	Collect only actual measured/physically supported post-control release. Match PM size/medium, xylene CAS1330-20-7 versus totalVOC, R134a versus other refrigerants and recovered/retained charge; immediate air unspecified is not indoor/soil/long-term release. No prescribed leakage, fumes or other unavoidable emissions. Expand separately evidenced metals/NO/NO2 or other species, never pool into these cards.	original sampling species/flow/time and controls; refrigerant cylinder/charge recovery balance
quality_acceptance	acceptance	Keep current actual released weld/dimensional, bogie/brake/pneumatic, electrical insulation, door/HVAC function, water-leak and complete coach acceptance evidence as applicable. Trial plan identifies static versus towed movement, dates/endpoints/duration/load and actual support energy, rework and net delivery state. Current approvals are only claimed when actually verified. Historical manufacturer features do not establish generic fire/speed/gauge/life thresholds.	current coach-specific released plans/results and support records
quality_coverage	dataset	Reconcile actual supplied packages with complete installed BOM and utilities/stock totals. Add separate actual fasteners, brake tubing/hoses, dampers/air springs when not contained, gangway/bellows, interior panels, fire-specific flooring/sealants, passenger information/lighting, sanitation/water tanks and actual packaging/treatment/support modules. Disclose measured/calculated/estimated/missing/excluded/not-applicable status for every route item, with uncertainty. Foreground-only coverage and identity gaps remain explicit until compatible upstream modules and actual physical records exist.	full fit-list, stock/meter/supplier scope closure and evidence-gap disclosure

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_reference	finished_machine	Require exactly1kg accepted complete same configuration and cp_mass actual corrected net weighing with independent mass reconciliation. Declared formula consistency cannot prove physical weighing or methodology approval.
validation_basis	inventory	Match accepted unit count/configuration, period, numerator units and linked protocol to normalize_mass; reject mixed configurations or fabricated mass/count factors.
validation_packages	running; outfit	Check non-powered state and one supplier scope for bogies/windows/seats/doors/HVAC/prefill against independently supplied items. Verify actual tempered/laminated construction, chemical charge and grade/property before adopting identities.
validation_boundary	dataset	Require current original weighing/corrections, released acceptance and fit-list closure, actual utility/support/transport/treatment coverage and all gaps. No passenger-km or complete cradle-to-gate claim from this foreground manufacturing module alone.
validation_emissions	elementary	Verify chemical/CAS, post-control actual amount, medium/submedium/time and absence/conditional evidence. Elementary resource water is not purchased tap water; treatment-directed wastewater is not direct water emission.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_manufacturing_module
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Manufacture of a new complete locomotive-hauled seated air-conditioned railway passenger coach with welded stainless-steel carbody: actual underframe/body fabrication and surface finishing, supplied non-powered bogie/body mating, interior/brake/electrical/HVAC installation, bounded factory tests and corrected net-mass acceptance. One released model/revision, gauge, seating/door/brake/HVAC and supplied-package configuration defines applicability. Non-stainless portions of the actual underframe are declared separately. This product subset is narrower than CPC49532; it is a manufacturing module, not passenger transport performance.
excluded_use	Exclude self-propelled EMU/DMU vehicles, locomotives, powered tramcars, complete trainsets, driving-cab/control coaches, sleeping/dining/mail/luggage-only special coaches, maintenance/service vehicles, parts sold separately, overhaul/rebuild and other body routes such as aluminium FSW. Exclude passenger-km, towing-locomotive manufacture/operating fuel, passenger service energy/water, in-service maintenance, railway infrastructure and end of life. No operational service is supplied by this reference. Actual contracted manufacturing and acceptance movements require explicit endpoints and attributable support inputs; do not silently omit them or claim complete cradle-to-gate coverage.
required_metadata	coach identifier/model and released design/revision; locomotive-hauled non-powered state; carbody/underframe grades, sheet thickness, joining and finish; gauge/bogie/axle/brake/coupler configuration; seat/door/window/floor/HVAC/toilet/battery/electrical fit-list; actual HVAC refrigerant/charge and supplier prefill; make-or-buy module contents; technical fluids versus service/test stocks and net delivery state; site/period/accepted count/rework; current acceptance test plan and actual bounded support movements; calibrated complete-unit wheel/axle weighing originals, corrections and measured net M kg; independently measured installed BOM mass and uncertainty; upstream/provider/utility/transport/treatment coverage
required_quality_disclosure	Actual configured non-powered unit and package contents; current calibrated net weighing originals/delivery corrections, installed independent mass balance/uncertainty; actual period/sites/count/rework; actual tests/support movements/energy; measured causal allocation with sensitivity; identity and upstream gaps, conditional releases and scientific review state.
update_trigger	Body material/joining/finish, non-powered configuration/gauge/bogie/brake, interior/window/HVAC chemistry, make-or-buy scope, suppliers/sites/periods, trial/weighing or delivery-state changes and new physical evidence/identities.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
inka-coach	handbook	PT INKA, Economic Coaches Stainless Steel New Generation, undated official HTML; Passenger Coach description and New Feature table, unpaginated. https://www.inka.co.id/produk/kereta-kelas-ekonomi-stainless-steel-new-generation?locale=en	Specific stainless seated passenger coach case; actual supplier configurations required. No fixed seat count, geometry, gauge, axle load, HVAC capacity, speed or lifetime adopted; tempered double glazing not laminated pane.
pib-stainless-2016	official_guidance	Government of India Ministry of Railways, Stainless Steel Coaches,23November2016, MAINLINE COACHING STOCK, unpaginated. https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?lang=2&reg=48&relid=154161	Historical material-route distinction stainless LHB versus Corten ICF only. No present mandate, weight/capacity ratio, economic factor or lifetime inferred.
qlar-wheel-2012	handbook	Schenck Process/now Qlar, MULTIRAIL WheelLoad: Measure wheel contact forces safely,10September2012; static/dynamic rail-vehicle manufacturing measurement paragraphs, unpaginated. https://www.qlar.com/press-and-media/press-releases/multirail-wheelload-measure-wheel-contact-forces-safely	Historical physical weighing-method example, not a current standard. Actual calibrated all-wheel/axle observation and method-specific mass interpretation, net corrections and independent fit-list evidence required; no catalogue mass adopted.