Lug-brazed steel pedal bicycle manufacture

1. Scope and Applicability

New complete nonfolding human-powered two-wheel bicycles with lug-brazed alloy-steel frame, rigid steel fork, derailleur chain drivetrain, cable-operated rim brakes and pneumatic clincher tyres with inner tubes. Declare an actual road/utility model, geometry, wheel and component configuration. No electric or combustion propulsion. Manufacturing foreground starts at declared stock or received finished assemblies and ends at configured factory acceptance and protection. This is a narrower product/process route within CPC 49921, not all nonmotorized cycles.

Exclude e-bikes, auxiliary-motor cycles, motorcycles, tricycles, tandems, recumbents, folding bicycles, cargo-specific multiwheel cycles, toys/sidewalk-specific designs, track-racing fixed-gear bicycles, suspension/disc-brake bicycles, welded aluminium/composite/titanium and other undeclared frame routes, frame-only kits, used/repair/remanufactured products, riding/transport services, rider food metabolism, route infrastructure, maintenance use and end of life.

Mercian provides a lug-brazing/finishing example; Rivendell provides CrMo lugged frame, crowned fork and rim-brake configuration context. These are examples, not a universal supplier, alloy, fuel, coating recipe or nominal bicycle mass. CPSC guidance is US-market-specific with product exemptions, not a universal production-test schedule. Scientific review is pending. The receipt-to-acceptance foreground is not complete cradle-to-gate unless compatible upstream links are verified.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.transport-equipment.pedal-bicycle
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 49921; narrower lug-brazed steel pedal bicycle route; context only
covered_products	New complete nonfolding human-powered two-wheel bicycles with lug-brazed alloy-steel frame, rigid steel fork, derailleur chain drivetrain, cable-operated rim brakes and pneumatic clincher tyres with inner tubes. Declare an actual road/utility model, geometry, wheel and component configuration. No electric or combustion propulsion. Manufacturing foreground starts at declared stock or received finished assemblies and ends at configured factory acceptance and protection. This is a narrower product/process route within CPC 49921, not all nonmotorized cycles.
excluded_products	Exclude e-bikes, auxiliary-motor cycles, motorcycles, tricycles, tandems, recumbents, folding bicycles, cargo-specific multiwheel cycles, toys/sidewalk-specific designs, track-racing fixed-gear bicycles, suspension/disc-brake bicycles, welded aluminium/composite/titanium and other undeclared frame routes, frame-only kits, used/repair/remanufactured products, riding/transport services, rider food metabolism, route infrastructure, maintenance use and end of life.
representative_product	One accepted complete configured bicycle with positive measured M
production_route	Conditional frame/fork fabrication and finishing; mechanical assembly, net weighing and acceptance; conditional packing
market_state	New complete accepted bicycle at declared factory gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture one complete configured human-powered bicycle
How much	1 kg accepted complete bicycle net mass; per-unit collection normalized using measured M
How well	Declared mechanical/safety/configuration acceptance; equal mass does not imply equal bicycle performance
How long or cycle	One manufacture/acceptance cycle; no distance, lifetime or passenger-km service unit
reference_flow_link	finished_bicycle

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Accepted complete lug-brazed steel pedal bicycle
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	manufacturer/model/serial; frame size, geometry, steel grade/tube dimensions, lug joints, rigid-fork specification and received-versus-fabricated scope; finish formulation/route; wheel/rim/hub completeness, pneumatic tyre/tube specification and measured inflation state; gear range and actual chain/crank/cassette/derailleur/controls; cable rim-brake configuration; steering/saddle/pedals, all integral reflectors/guards/fittings and installed lubrication; actual market/type and production acceptance plan; same-serial calibrated complete net mass M kg, measured tare and integral detached parts; manufacturing gate/site/period, supply completeness, allocation, upstream links, uncertainties and exclusions

M includes installed pedals, inflated tyres/tubes, attached integral guards/reflectors/fittings and actual installed lubrication. Exclude packaging, rider/payload, fixtures, loose tools and spares. Reconcile measured integral parts temporarily detached for shipment to the same serial once. Neither a catalogue weight that omits pedals nor frame weight, shipping gross mass or rider capacity establishes M. Required qualifiers must appear in the concrete dataset; absent qualifiers mean incomplete reference definition.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete unit of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
mass_record_provenance	cp_mass	Mass	kg	Weigh the actual accepted bicycle with suitable calibrated scale, measured fixture/tare, controlled installed-component list and serial release. Record pedal installation, tyre pressure/state, lubrication and all delivered integral parts. Reconcile component records against whole-bicycle measurement with uncertainty, scale resolution/date/operator and positive net M. Detached integral parts require measured records; catalogue estimates or a parts sum alone do not replace physical weighing.
energy_units	each electricity row	Net calorific value	MJ	Use verified energy unit-group conversion 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Preserve actual electricity supply voltage and route, distinct from riding work, mass and fuel energy; no heating-value/density factor supplied.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Specified steel stock and received finished bicycle components
starting_condition_role	Declared receipt-to-accepted-bicycle manufacturing foreground
product_classification_scope	New complete nonfolding human-powered two-wheel bicycles with lug-brazed alloy-steel frame, rigid steel fork, derailleur chain drivetrain, cable-operated rim brakes and pneumatic clincher tyres with inner tubes. Declare an actual road/utility model, geometry, wheel and component configuration. No electric or combustion propulsion. Manufacturing foreground starts at declared stock or received finished assemblies and ends at configured factory acceptance and protection. This is a narrower product/process route within CPC 49921, not all nonmotorized cycles.
recursive_input_rule	Never input the same finished bicycle to its own manufacture. Received finished frame/fork or complete wheel replaces its contained stock/parts and processing. In-house stages have their own measured exchanges
upstream_dataset_requirement	Match actual steel grade/tube state, component specification/supplied completeness, finish, site/period/provider and reference property/unit; disclose incompatible or missing upstream links
disclosure	manufacturer/model/serial; frame size, geometry, steel grade/tube dimensions, lug joints, rigid-fork specification and received-versus-fabricated scope; finish formulation/route; wheel/rim/hub completeness, pneumatic tyre/tube specification and measured inflation state; gear range and actual chain/crank/cassette/derailleur/controls; cable rim-brake configuration; steering/saddle/pedals, all integral reflectors/guards/fittings and installed lubrication; actual market/type and production acceptance plan; same-serial calibrated complete net mass M kg, measured tare and integral detached parts; manufacturing gate/site/period, supply completeness, allocation, upstream links, uncertainties and exclusions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_manufacture	all processes	Include actual fabrication, coating, assembly, attributable rework, factory acceptance and protection. Attribute outsourced coating/test services with actual scope/unit; do not duplicate supplier-contained processes. Riding, service transport and end of life remain outside this manufacturing gate.
boundary_completeness	BOM and delivered bicycle	Record every actual integral component and supply completeness. Add separate actual gear cables/housings, brake pads, fasteners, retainers, decals, guards and fittings absent from candidate cards. Complete-wheel input excludes separately supplied tyre/tube/cassette unless explicitly contained; if contained, suppress corresponding separate cards. Received frame/fork is used only when not already made by the modelled fabrication stages. Actual heating carriers, coating species and emissions need separate evidenced exchanges; candidate cards are not a universal exhaustive recipe.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
fabrication	Frame and rigid-fork fabrication	conditional	Only actual in-house tube cutting, lug brazing and alignment; received finished frame/fork replaces these exchanges	foreground	one accepted configured complete bicycle, normalized using M
finishing	Frame surface preparation and finishing	conditional	Only actual in-house cleaning, coating and curing; exclude supplier-contained finish	foreground	one accepted configured complete bicycle, normalized using M
assembly	Mechanical bicycle assembly and adjustment	required	Every declared complete bicycle; actual received assembly scope and drivetrain configuration govern each card	foreground	one accepted configured complete bicycle, normalized using M
acceptance	Complete configuration, net mass and safety acceptance	required	Every accepted complete bicycle	foreground	one accepted configured complete bicycle, normalized using M
packing	Shipment protection	conditional	Only actual packaging at the manufacturing gate	foreground	one accepted configured complete bicycle, normalized using M

Conditional fabrication and finishing feed assembly; complete bicycle acceptance precedes conditional protection. Assign shared resources once. Each row within required stages still requires actual configuration/chemistry applicability. No emissions are presumed mandatory.

Process: Frame and rigid-fork fabrication (fabrication)

Record exact steel grade/tube geometry, joint drawing, filler and flux formulations, actual heat source and net issues. Mercian documents a particular open-hearth lug-brazing route, not a universal fuel or alloy. Add each actual heat carrier and species-specific emission separately with measured evidence; no invented brazing fuel demand.

Inputs

Product flows

Alloy-steel bicycle frame tube (steel_tube)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel bicycle frame tube
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Steel bicycle head-tube lug (head_lug)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Steel bicycle head-tube lug
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Steel bicycle fork crown (fork_crown)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Steel bicycle fork crown
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Steel bicycle rear dropout (rear_dropout)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Steel bicycle rear dropout
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Copper-zinc brass brazing rod (brass_rod)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Copper-zinc brass brazing rod
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Borate-fluoride brazing flux (brazing_flux)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Borate-fluoride brazing flux
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Factory-intake alternating-current electricity (fabrication_electricity)

Only actual attributable metered kWh, converted to MJ; no bicycle riding energy or nameplate-power estimate.

• Selected flow: Factory-intake alternating-current electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Outputs

Waste flows

Alloy-steel tube offcut waste (steel_offcut)

Only actual measured fabrication waste transfer; not a co-product or avoided-steel credit by default.

• Selected flow: Alloy-steel tube offcut waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_fabrication.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_fabrication
• Sources: mercian-craft

Process: Frame surface preparation and finishing (finishing)

Declare actual primer and enamel product formulation with SDS, blasting abrasive, heating route and collection method. Candidate alkyd cards apply only if formulation confirmed. Manufacturer stove-enamel example does not prove universal alkyd chemistry or solvent species; add each actual clearcoat, abrasive and emission separately.

Inputs

Product flows

Alkyd etch primer coating (primer)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Alkyd etch primer coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Alkyd stoving enamel coating (enamel)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Alkyd stoving enamel coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Process Water (cleaning_water)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Anhydrous isopropanol cleaning solvent (isopropanol)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Anhydrous isopropanol cleaning solvent
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Nonwoven polyester cleaning wipe (cleaning_wipe)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Nonwoven polyester cleaning wipe
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Factory-intake alternating-current electricity (finishing_electricity)

Only actual attributable metered kWh, converted to MJ; no bicycle riding energy or nameplate-power estimate.

• Selected flow: Factory-intake alternating-current electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Outputs

Waste flows

Isopropanol-contaminated polyester wipe waste (spent_wipe)

Only actual contaminated wipe destination/mass; separate retained solvent from actual air release.

• Selected flow: Isopropanol-contaminated polyester wipe waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Aqueous steel-frame cleaning wastewater (cleaning_effluent)

Only actual effluent transferred to treatment, with measured composition and solids; not natural water or elementary-water release.

• Selected flow: Aqueous steel-frame cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Outputs

Elementary flows

isopropanol (isopropanol_air)

Only actually evidenced IPA cleaning emission, CAS 67-63-0, unspecified air and immediate; use measured species-specific solvent balance or verified emission measurement, not all solvent issued. Absence of actual route means not_applicable with evidence; indoor air or long-term releases need a different identity.

• Selected flow: isopropanol fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a843-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_finishing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing
• Sources: mercian-craft

Process: Mechanical bicycle assembly and adjustment (assembly)

Install frame/fork, steering, wheels, pneumatic tyres/tubes, pedals/chain transmission, cable rim brakes and seating. Use a received complete wheel or crankset only once; do not also enter its contained rim/hub/spokes or crank/chainrings. Check wheel true, tyre seating, alignment, bearing preload, chain length, derailleur limits, cable routing and brake adjustment against actual component instructions.

Inputs

Product flows

Finished lug-brazed steel bicycle frame (received_frame)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Finished lug-brazed steel bicycle frame
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Finished rigid steel bicycle fork (received_fork)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Finished rigid steel bicycle fork
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle headset bearing assembly (headset)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle headset bearing assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle handlebar stem (stem)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle handlebar stem
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Aluminium bicycle handlebar (handlebar)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Aluminium bicycle handlebar
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Rubber bicycle handlebar grip (grip)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Rubber bicycle handlebar grip
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Aluminium bicycle seat post (seatpost)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Aluminium bicycle seat post
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Complete bicycle saddle (saddle)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Complete bicycle saddle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Complete aluminium-rim bicycle wheel (wheel)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Complete aluminium-rim bicycle wheel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Pneumatic bicycle tyre (pneumatic_tyre)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Pneumatic bicycle tyre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Butyl-rubber bicycle inner tube (inner_tube)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Butyl-rubber bicycle inner tube
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Nylon bicycle rim tape (rim_tape)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Nylon bicycle rim tape
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle bottom-bracket bearing assembly (bottom_bracket)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle bottom-bracket bearing assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle crankset with chainrings (crankset)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle crankset with chainrings
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Complete bicycle pedal (pedal)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Complete bicycle pedal
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle steel roller chain (roller_chain)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle steel roller chain
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle rear sprocket cassette (cassette)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle rear sprocket cassette
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle rear derailleur (rear_derailleur)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle rear derailleur
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle gear shifter (gear_shifter)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle gear shifter
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Cable-operated bicycle rim brake caliper (rim_brake)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Cable-operated bicycle rim brake caliper
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle brake lever (brake_lever)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle brake lever
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Stainless-steel bicycle brake cable (brake_cable)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Stainless-steel bicycle brake cable
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle brake-cable outer housing (brake_housing)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle brake-cable outer housing
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Bicycle passive reflector (reflector)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Bicycle passive reflector
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Lithium-soap lubricating grease (bearing_grease)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Lithium-soap lubricating grease
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Mineral lubricating oil for bicycle chain (chain_oil)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Mineral lubricating oil for bicycle chain
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Factory-intake alternating-current electricity (assembly_electricity)

Only actual attributable metered kWh, converted to MJ; no bicycle riding energy or nameplate-power estimate.

• Selected flow: Factory-intake alternating-current electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_assembly.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_assembly
• Sources: rivendell-sam

Process: Complete configuration, net mass and safety acceptance (acceptance)

Record complete configured mechanical and visual acceptance, same-serial calibrated physical net weighing and release. Distinguish production checks from destructive regulatory/type qualification. CPSC requirements apply to products within its US market scope; actual market and component acceptance criteria govern elsewhere. No universal test load, life or pass threshold is supplied here.

Inputs

Product flows

Factory-intake alternating-current electricity (acceptance_electricity)

Only actual attributable metered kWh, converted to MJ; no bicycle riding energy or nameplate-power estimate.

• Selected flow: Factory-intake alternating-current electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_acceptance.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_acceptance
• Sources: cpsc-bicycle

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted complete lug-brazed steel pedal bicycle (finished_bicycle)

Complete same-configuration bicycle with integral pedals and declared pneumatic-tyre state, excluding packaging, rider and loose spares. Positive measured M and cp_mass establish per-kg output; no catalogue weight assumed.

• Selected flow: Accepted complete lug-brazed steel pedal bicycle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: fixed_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: method_formula
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: cpsc-bicycle

Process: Shipment protection (packing)

Measure each packing component separately. Shipment removal of integral pedals, front wheel or handlebar does not change accepted complete-bicycle M: reconcile these measured parts to the same serial once. Packaging remains outside product M.

Inputs

Product flows

Corrugated cardboard box (carton)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_packing
• Sources:

Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) (protective_film)

Use only the actually installed or consumed item with declared specification and net issue/return record; contained parts of a received complete assembly are excluded to prevent double counting.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_packing
• Sources:

Factory-intake alternating-current electricity (packing_electricity)

Only actual attributable metered kWh, converted to MJ; no bicycle riding energy or nameplate-power estimate.

• Selected flow: Factory-intake alternating-current electricity
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: foreground_record
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: process_output
• Evidence kind: collected_record
• Collection protocol: cp_packing
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_orders	shared factory resources	First directly attribute configured net issues, metered electricity, coating batches, assembly and acceptance jobs, including rework. For inseparable resources require measured causal machine/fixture occupancy and actual load or another documented physical driver: share = order driver / sum of covered order drivers. Retain full period and denominator. Equal bicycle counts, catalogue masses, paint colour count or rider capacity are not default allocation rules.
allocation_tests	type qualification and production acceptance	Distinguish destructive qualification/prototype units from saleable accepted bicycles. Attribute per-unit production checks directly; shared type-test burdens require documented actual product applicability and causal allocation, alternatives and sensitivity. Exclude independent R&D; do not include destroyed test-unit mass in accepted output. Purchased test service and its contained electricity cannot both represent the same resource.	cpsc-bicycle
allocation_recovery	offcuts, rejects and rework	Document actual waste versus saleable co-product, destination and period mass balance. Internal rework stays with accepted production. Recyclability alone does not justify avoided-primary-steel, disposal or substitution credits. Any actual co-product allocation requires declared method, causal/economic originals and sensitivity.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	acceptance	reference_product	accepted physical weighing record	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M; installed BOM; complete-bicycle scale reading; fixture tare; pedals and inflated-tyre state; detached integral parts; calibration and uncertainty; signed release	Weigh the accepted complete unit on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each accepted unit	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared bicycle acceptance gate	accepted net mass per unit	actual calibrated physical weighing, measured tare and configured integral-part reconciliation
cp_fabrication	fabrication	inventory	actual stage exchange records	serial/configuration; exact exchange/specification; net issues/returns/stocks; component containment; kg; metered kWh; waste destination; emission method; shared driver; test phase	Read cutting/brazing/alignment job, supplier specifications, net issues and actual heat meters	kg for Mass rows; MJ for electrical-energy rows	each accepted unit and actual production batch	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared factory/subcontractor gates	attribute measured period exchange / accepted units of the same configuration	original specifications/calibrations, bills/issues, meters, acceptance and transfer records
cp_finishing	finishing	inventory	actual stage exchange records	serial/configuration; exact exchange/specification; net issues/returns/stocks; component containment; kg; metered kWh; waste destination; emission method; shared driver; test phase	Read coating batch/SDS, cleaning and cure job, water/energy meters, solvent balance and waste-transfer originals	kg for Mass rows; MJ for electrical-energy rows	each accepted unit and actual production batch	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared factory/subcontractor gates	attribute measured period exchange / accepted units of the same configuration	original specifications/calibrations, bills/issues, meters, acceptance and transfer records
cp_assembly	assembly	inventory	actual stage exchange records	serial/configuration; exact exchange/specification; net issues/returns/stocks; component containment; kg; metered kWh; waste destination; emission method; shared driver; test phase	Read serial-linked BOM and component supply completeness, net issues/returns, adjustment jobs and meters	kg for Mass rows; MJ for electrical-energy rows	each accepted unit and actual production batch	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared factory/subcontractor gates	attribute measured period exchange / accepted units of the same configuration	original specifications/calibrations, bills/issues, meters, acceptance and transfer records
cp_acceptance	acceptance	inventory	actual stage exchange records	serial/configuration; exact exchange/specification; net issues/returns/stocks; component containment; kg; metered kWh; waste destination; emission method; shared driver; test phase	Read actual market/type plan, production acceptance reports, serial release, scale calibration and net weighing originals	kg for Mass rows; MJ for electrical-energy rows	each accepted unit and actual production batch	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared factory/subcontractor gates	attribute measured period exchange / accepted units of the same configuration	original specifications/calibrations, bills/issues, meters, acceptance and transfer records
cp_packing	packing	inventory	actual stage exchange records	serial/configuration; exact exchange/specification; net issues/returns/stocks; component containment; kg; metered kWh; waste destination; emission method; shared driver; test phase	Read actual packing bills, issues/returns and detached integral-part reconciliation	kg for Mass rows; MJ for electrical-energy rows	each accepted unit and actual production batch	actual manufacturing and acceptance period	declared factory/subcontractor gates	attribute measured period exchange / accepted units of the same configuration	original specifications/calibrations, bills/issues, meters, acceptance and transfer records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	all inventory rows	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished unit; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass	q_ref

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_mass	cp_mass	Implement mass_record_provenance with current same-serial physical weighing. Include installed pedals, inflation and lubrication state and measured detached integral parts; exclude packing, rider/load and fixtures. Actual scale calibration/uncertainty and whole-unit/BOM reconciliation are prerequisites. No catalogue bicycle/frame weight, shipping gross mass or assumed part sum substitutes for M. Missing original measurement requires scientific/data review.	actual physical weighing, calibration, BOM and release originals
quality_atomic	every exchange	Verify one physical or formulated identity, chemistry/concentration and supply route/completeness. Steel lug differs from weld wire, finished fork from generic bicycle parts, mineral oil from PAO and anhydrous IPA from disinfectant. Keep actual public reference property/unit, species and medium; unresolved identities remain specific rows with declared reasons.	actual drawings, supplier specification/SDS, receipts and verified flow records
quality_acceptance	cp_acceptance	Declare actual market and product exemptions, assembly instructions and serial-linked production check criteria. Record mechanical alignment/steering, wheel retention/true, tyre seating, chain/derailleur motion, cable routing, rim-brake action, seating/pedals and required guards/reflectors. Separate qualification and destructive tests; CPSC US guidance is not a universal test schedule or global certification. Record failures and attributable rework.	actual market acceptance plan/component instructions, original reports and release; CPSC applicable US context only
quality_balance	material, water, solvent and electricity	Reconcile period inputs with incorporation, measured returns/stock, rejects/waste and actually measured releases. Technical process water, wastewater treatment transfer and natural withdrawal are distinct. IPA-air release requires chemistry, immediate air/unspecified medium and a closed species balance or measured release; solvent issue is not emission. Record actual heat source and add each fuel/heat/abrasive/paint species exchange before data completion. No universal fuel, heating intensity or mandatory emission is inferred.	original batch/spec/SDS, stock/material/solvent balances, meters and transfers
quality_coverage	dataset and upstream links	Distinguish measured, calculated, missing and demonstrated not_applicable. Audit all actual hardware beyond candidate cards, foreground gaps, supplier boundary mismatch, unresolved identities, allocations and uncertainty. Complete cradle-to-gate coverage requires verified compatible upstream links; structural/finite measurement pass does not establish actual data, safety or methodology approval.	actual complete BOM/process map and transparent data gap register

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	reference and accepted output	Require positive current same-configuration measured M with cp_mass. Exact reference product name equals finished_bicycle; if UUID absent, register that exact row in unresolved_flow_identities. Integral pedals, tyres and delivered detached parts are reconciled once; no packaging/rider mass.
validate_basis	all inventory rows	Verify ordered identical lower-case row/rule/protocol IDs in both languages and generated projection, accepted-unit q_item, M kg, explicit normalize_mass and matching denominators. Public quantity/area/energy properties must never be relabelled as Mass.
validate_boundary	process map and BOM	Audit received versus fabricated frame/fork and supplier-contained coating/parts, complete-wheel and crankset containment, outsourced versus direct resources, acceptance versus qualification, all actual missing exchanges and emissions evidence. Missing actual factory records or unresolved applicability requires review; candidate cards alone do not establish completeness.
validate_use	dataset use	Disclose exact model/configuration, manufacturing gates, mass evidence, data gaps, allocation/upstream compatibility and review state. Equal mass is not equal riding performance, lifetime or transport service. Finite check is not scientific approval, publication or market safety certification.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset and background_dataset after actual-data completion and review
downstream_use	Configured bicycle manufacturing input into a separately bounded bicycle lifecycle model
allowed_use	Compare compatible manufacturing gates/configurations and upstream links per kg; disclose different performance and mass state
excluded_use	Exclude e-bikes, auxiliary-motor cycles, motorcycles, tricycles, tandems, recumbents, folding bicycles, cargo-specific multiwheel cycles, toys/sidewalk-specific designs, track-racing fixed-gear bicycles, suspension/disc-brake bicycles, welded aluminium/composite/titanium and other undeclared frame routes, frame-only kits, used/repair/remanufactured products, riding/transport services, rider food metabolism, route infrastructure, maintenance use and end of life.
required_metadata	manufacturer/model/serial; frame size, geometry, steel grade/tube dimensions, lug joints, rigid-fork specification and received-versus-fabricated scope; finish formulation/route; wheel/rim/hub completeness, pneumatic tyre/tube specification and measured inflation state; gear range and actual chain/crank/cassette/derailleur/controls; cable rim-brake configuration; steering/saddle/pedals, all integral reflectors/guards/fittings and installed lubrication; actual market/type and production acceptance plan; same-serial calibrated complete net mass M kg, measured tare and integral detached parts; manufacturing gate/site/period, supply completeness, allocation, upstream links, uncertainties and exclusions
required_quality_disclosure	Measured/calculated/missing status, actual mass and acceptance provenance, omissions, unresolved identities/ranges, allocation and uncertainty; candidate and pending scientific review
update_trigger	Actual steel/frame joining, wheel/brake/drivetrain configuration, supplied completeness, coating route, mass protocol, market acceptance, plant or upstream data changes

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
mercian-craft	literature	Mercian Our Craft	Headings Skilled/Traditional/Bespoke, Precision Brazing by Hand, Final Frame Details, and stove-enamel finishing: an actual manufacturer example of mitering/alignment, pinned lug brazing, shot blasting and staged paint cure. No universal fuel/alloy/coating chemistry, fixed curing duration, numerical resource demand, lifetime or product mass adopted. Actual foreground specifications govern.
rivendell-sam	literature	Rivendell Sam Hillborne 2025	FRAME, Frame Specification, BRAKES and LOOKS GOOD TO US: CrMo frame tubing, rim-brake compatibility, lug joints and crowned fork. This frameset page is configuration context, not complete-bicycle BOM/weight or acceptance evidence. No wheel-size/geometry, load, price, rider limit or lifetime adopted as a PCR constraint.
cpsc-bicycle	official_guidance	CPSC Bicycles FAQ	Purpose/definition/exemptions, general testing, assembly, braking, steering, pedals, chain, tyre/wheel/hub, frame/fork, seating, reflectors and instructions sections: US regulatory applicability and offered-for-sale/assembled condition. Use actual applicable market criteria and product exemptions; no numeric thresholds translated into universal production QA, net-M method or lifetime. This methodology is not certification.