Hydronic steel panel radiator manufacturing

1. Scope and Applicability

Passive non-electrically-heated hydronic radiators made from welded steel pressure panels, in one declared complete dry configuration. Declare panel count, convector-fin count, dimensions/orientation, surface finish, fitted top grille/side covers and factory-fitted plugs, air vent and integrated valve when present. This narrower category is within CPC44823; it does not cover all iron/steel radiator constructions. Manufacturing delivery is the reference function, not heating a room or delivering a kWh of heat.

Cast-iron sectional, steel tubular/column, aluminium and electric/fan-assisted radiators; independent valves, thermostatic heads, brackets and installation hardware; heat pumps/boilers, distribution piping, installation/service work, customer operating heat/water/electricity, building heat loss, maintenance, lifetime and end-of-life. A detached mounting kit packed alongside the radiator is a separate supplied product outside radiator net M; disclose it rather than silently include or omit its manufacture. Transport packing and test fluid are outside M.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.hydronic-steel-panel-radiator
classification_refs	CPC:3.0:44823; narrower
covered_products	New accepted complete welded hydronic steel panel radiator, passive and non-electrical, dry/drained delivery.
excluded_products	Cast-iron sectional, steel tubular/column, aluminium and electric/fan-assisted radiators; independent valves, thermostatic heads, brackets and installation hardware; heat pumps/boilers, distribution piping, installation/service work, customer operating heat/water/electricity, building heat loss, maintenance, lifetime and end-of-life. A detached mounting kit packed alongside the radiator is a separate supplied product outside radiator net M; disclose it rather than silently include or omit its manufacture. Transport packing and test fluid are outside M.
representative_product	One configured welded pressure-panel radiator with actual panel/fin arrangement and fitted covers/connections/plugs/vent; integrated valve only when supplied fitted. Different panel/fin types, orientation and finish are separate BOM/test variants.
production_route	Steel receipt; blanking/pressing; panel/fitting/fin joining; actual leak/pressure test; conditional cleaning/conversion/primer; declared coating/cure; dry fitted release; actual packing. Bought-in component processes are upstream and replace duplicated foreground steps.
market_state	Complete accepted dry emitter ready for shipment, actual fitted accessories and dry coating included; mounting kit/packaging/test water outside net product M.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture of the declared complete radiator, not building heat supply.
How much	1 kg accepted dry net complete radiator of one configuration; normalized share of a whole unit, not an independently functional kilogram fragment.
How well	Released material/BOM/dimensions and model-specific weld/leak/pressure, surface/connection and fitted-supply acceptance. Record actual declared thermal performance and its test conditions as product qualifiers, not a heat-output denominator or generic EN442 claim. No universal pressure, coating thickness, output or lifespan prescribed.
How long or cycle	One manufacture/acceptance cycle; building heating season and reference service life outside normalization.
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Radiators for central heating, not electrically heated, of iron or steel a3bc941c-b74f-40e1-a32c-75888689ebdd
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model/BOM revision; batch/serial; panel/fin count; height/length/depth/orientation; steel grade/thickness/supplied state; weld route; coating/colour/primer; fitted covers/plugs/vent/valve; separately supplied mounting kit; dry drained net measured M; current test medium/pressure/time/criteria and actual thermal declaration conditions; site/period; make-or-buy; pretreatment/cure utilities; supplier/transport links; packing exclusions

Declare every qualifier in dataset/reference metadata. The broad public radiator identity is narrowed to actual hydronic welded steel panels and fitted dry supply. Mass normalization alone does not make panel types or thermal performance interchangeable.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete unit of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_units	forming_electricity; joining_electricity; testing_electricity; pretreatment_electricity; coating_electricity; release_electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Convert measured kWh by3.6 MJ/kWh before normalization; retain actual below1kV provider/meter boundary.
gas_volume	natural_gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Preserve measured gas m3 with temperature/pressure/reference conditions and documented billing correction; no generic gas density/LHV or mass conversion.

Weigh the complete accepted dry/drained emitter, including dry coating and actual fitted covers/valves/plugs/vent, on a calibrated scale before packing. Exclude pressure-test water, radiator operating water, all transport packing and detached hardware kit. Verify drained state, coating cure and supplied BOM; no gross shipping or catalogue model mass replaces M. Record detached-kit quantities and boundary separately. Each aqueous reagent is measured as its actual supplied solution mass; water mass uses weighing or measured same-temperature density/volume, never a generic mixture density. No per-radiator weight is supplied.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Manufacturer receives specified cold-rolled sheet/coil and finished fittings/coating chemicals; steelmaking and rolling are upstream.
starting_condition_role	Declared manufacturing foreground module starting point.
product_classification_scope	Passive non-electrically-heated hydronic radiators made from welded steel pressure panels, in one declared complete dry configuration. Declare panel count, convector-fin count, dimensions/orientation, surface finish, fitted top grille/side covers and factory-fitted plugs, air vent and integrated valve when present. This narrower category is within CPC44823; it does not cover all iron/steel radiator constructions. Manufacturing delivery is the reference function, not heating a room or delivering a kWh of heat.
recursive_input_rule	Bought-in welded/coated panel or fitting stops at documented supply boundary and replaces its contained steel/coating/site work. Internal pressed panels/fins are transfers, not additional purchases. Never substitute a complete radiator input for each component.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Expanded assessment links actual compatible steel/coating/component suppliers, outsourced work, inbound transport and waste treatment. Identity UUID alone is not an upstream impact dataset; missing provider/identity/amount remain distinct gaps.
disclosure	Disclose site/period, dry fitted emitter and detached-kit boundary, process routes, utility carriers, losses/rework/tests, bath/recovery loops, supplier scope, packing and capital/tool treatment. Foreground alone does not establish complete cradle-to-gate coverage.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_route	manufacturing	Purmo Yangzhou case supports pressing/welding/testing/painting/packing as a manufacturing route and polyester-epoxy-coated cold-rolled panels. Current plant records govern detailed joins, test medium, pretreatment and cure, not an assumed universal recipe.	purmo-hub2894
boundary_supply	radiator	Stelrad retained case shows varying panel/fin configurations, accessory supply and coating/packaging by site/model. Reconcile actual dry fitted supply; no EPD model weight, recycled share, mass allocation or lifespan transferred.	stelrad-panel-uk
boundary_use	building_heat	Exclude heat source/distribution and room-heating operation. Record actual factory test water and utility consumption only; radiator water volume/thermal wattage do not normalize manufacturing output.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
forming	Steel blanking and panel/fin pressing	required	Actual manufacturer forming of pressure-panel steel and declared fins; bought-in formed parts replace the matching site stock/operations. Supplier steelmaking/cold rolling stays upstream.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
joining	Panel seam and convector joining	required	Actual released seam/spot-weld route and fitting integration; no assumed filler wire/shield gas for resistance welding. Alternative welds and outsourced work require their own measured inventories.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
testing	Leak/pressure testing and draining	required	Current model-specific accepted test procedure determines medium, pressure, duration and pass criteria. Hydrostatic water is conditional; air testing has measured compressor demand. Reject/rework included.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
pretreatment	Cleaning and conversion pretreatment	conditional	Actual site cleaning/pretreatment recipe only; no universal zinc phosphate or alkaline cleaner prescribed. Record real bath chemistry and water/heat carriers separately.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
coating	Primer, powder application and cure	required	Declared surface coating route; actual supplier-finished part replaces local coating. Primer is conditional and powder formulation, cure carrier and recovery are site-specific.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
release	Fitted accessory assembly and release	required	Fit declared covers/plugs/vent/valve, inspect finish and connections, reconcile accepted dry complete configuration and weigh net M.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow
packing	Transport protection and dispatch	conditional	Actual film/board/protection only; detached mounting kit separately disclosed; packaging excluded from M.	foreground_production	per 1 kg reference flow

Each card is one defined material/component/carrier/waste/species. Quantities come from actual records, not a universal recipe. Conditional chemistry is omitted when not used; different grades/formulations/concentrations require separate rows. Complete the actual BOM and route before a completeness claim: include any separately supplied fin, grille, side-panel and valve assembly, individual clips/seals, electrode wear, tools, forming-oil waste, primer purge, cure/combustion species and packing materials not already contained. Keep internal water/powder loops separate from external net make-up and purge. Captured powder/sludge/treatment-bound effluent are waste, not elementary releases. Any direct wastewater discharge needs each measured species and exact receiving medium separately.

Process: Steel blanking and panel/fin pressing (forming)

Actual manufacturer forming of pressure-panel steel and declared fins; bought-in formed parts replace the matching site stock/operations. Supplier steelmaking/cold rolling stays upstream.

Inputs

Product flows

Cold-rolled low-carbon steel coil for pressure panels (panel_steel)

One actual panel-sheet grade/thickness/supplied condition, weighed net issues/returns; steelmaking/cold rolling upstream. Fin stock kept distinct.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled low-carbon steel coil for pressure panels
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming

Cold-rolled low-carbon steel strip for convector fins (fin_steel)

Only actual fins in configured radiator; one fin-sheet grade/thickness, separate net stock issues. No mandatory fins for every panel type.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled low-carbon steel strip for convector fins
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming

Mineral-oil-based steel-forming lubricant (forming_oil)

Only actual specified forming-oil formulation and net new consumption; record returns/residue and actual chemistry. No generic oil loss fraction.

• Selected flow: Mineral-oil-based steel-forming lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming

Alternating current (forming_electricity)

Measured below1kV grid AC pressing/cutting/tool and attributable extraction demand; other carriers separate.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming

Outputs

Waste flows

Post-industrial steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Separately weighed dry steel blanking/trim scrap leaving without further processing; internal reusable stock and oily scrap separate.

• Selected flow: Post-industrial steel scrap c143745d-be4f-4d8f-b403-2dcbfe685349
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_forming

Process: Panel seam and convector joining (joining)

Actual released seam/spot-weld route and fitting integration; no assumed filler wire/shield gas for resistance welding. Alternative welds and outsourced work require their own measured inventories.

Inputs

Product flows

Steel threaded radiator water-connection boss (steel_connection)

One actual purchased finished water-connection boss with grade/thread/coating and mass; omit as purchase when internally formed or included in bought-in panel.

• Selected flow: Steel threaded radiator water-connection boss
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_joining.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_joining

Alternating current (joining_electricity)

Measured below1kV resistance seam/spot welding and joining/extraction demand. Welding route established by current work orders; do not assume filler wire or shield gas for resistance welding.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_joining.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_joining

Process: Leak/pressure testing and draining (testing)

Current model-specific accepted test procedure determines medium, pressure, duration and pass criteria. Hydrostatic water is conditional; air testing has measured compressor demand. Reject/rework included.

Inputs

Product flows

Tap water (test_water)

Conditional net new drinking-quality mains water for actual hydrostatic leak/pressure testing, kg water not internal recirculated gross pump flow; air-test route recorded separately. Drain and dry before M.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_testing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_testing

Alternating current (testing_electricity)

Actual below1kV pumping/compressed-air generation/drying demand for released test route; not universal test duration or pressure. Compressed air made on site is internal carrier, not another energy purchase.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_testing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_testing

Outputs

Waste flows

Discarded hydrostatic radiator-test water (test_effluent)

Only actual test-loop purge sent to treatment, characterized kg with dissolved/suspended contamination and handler; recirculation internal. Not a water-resource flow or automatic elementary discharge.

• Selected flow: Discarded hydrostatic radiator-test water
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_testing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_testing

Process: Cleaning and conversion pretreatment (pretreatment)

Actual site cleaning/pretreatment recipe only; no universal zinc phosphate or alkaline cleaner prescribed. Record real bath chemistry and water/heat carriers separately.

Inputs

Product flows

Tap water (wash_water)

Only actual drinking-quality mains make-up for cleaning/rinsing; kg net new water, reused baths internal. Demineralized water needs a distinct supplied flow.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Sodium hydroxide solution, 50% (sodium_hydroxide)

Conditional actual50% as-supplied aqueous NaOH reagent for recorded cleaning recipe; kg solution, not kg active NaOH or entire alkaline cleaner. Other ingredients split.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide solution, 50% 0a3e69c3-32c9-4cb8-b26c-21059c919d80
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Zinc-phosphate conversion-coating solution (zinc_phosphate_solution)

Conditional one actual formulated zinc-phosphating solution with supplier concentration/composition and mass; do not substitute iron/manganese phosphate or zinc phosphide. Alternative conversion chemistry separate.

• Selected flow: Zinc-phosphate conversion-coating solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Alternating current (pretreatment_electricity)

Conditional measured below1kV wash-line pumps and electrically heated baths; actual other bath heating carriers add separate rows.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Outputs

Waste flows

Alkaline steel-panel degreasing wastewater (wash_effluent)

Actual characterized alkaline cleaning/rinse purge sent to documented treatment; pH, oil, NaOH and solids loads measured, kg effluent distinct from water input or environmental species.

• Selected flow: Alkaline steel-panel degreasing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Zinc-phosphate pretreatment sludge (phosphate_sludge)

Only actual characterized wet zinc-phosphate bath sludge, wet mass/dry solids/moisture/handler declared; not municipal sludge.

• Selected flow: Zinc-phosphate pretreatment sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_pretreatment.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_pretreatment

Process: Primer, powder application and cure (coating)

Declared surface coating route; actual supplier-finished part replaces local coating. Primer is conditional and powder formulation, cure carrier and recovery are site-specific.

Inputs

Product flows

Waterborne epoxy electrophoretic primer formulation (epoxy_primer)

Optional actual one supplied epoxy electrodeposition primer with solids/bath make-up and supplier specification; not prescribed for all panel radiators.

• Selected flow: Waterborne epoxy electrophoretic primer formulation
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Powder Coating (powder_paint)

Actual one specified polyester-epoxy resin powder formulation, colour/solids/SDS recorded; net issues less valid return, internal recovered powder not new purchase. Other resin chemistries separate.

• Selected flow: Powder Coating 6e3010f9-fbd3-48f6-95fc-c1b38d2800d2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Alternating current (coating_electricity)

Actual below1kV coating-line/oven/fan and allocated demand; electric curing only when present.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Pipeline-delivered fossil natural gas for coating ovens (natural_gas)

Conditional actual purchased gaseous fossil natural gas at metered temperature/pressure/reference state, m3. Verify supplier gas composition and billing correction; no generic density/LHV and no duplicated purchased heat.

• Selected flow: Pipeline-delivered fossil natural gas for coating ovens
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Outputs

Waste flows

Discarded polyester-epoxy powder overspray (powder_waste)

Only actual unreused specified dry polyester-epoxy overspray sent to treatment, not internally recovered powder; record resin/colour and handler.

• Selected flow: Discarded polyester-epoxy powder overspray
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Elementary flows

Particulate matter, particle size unspecified (powder_air)

Only measured post-control outdoor particulate emitted from actual powder process, air subcompartment/size unspecified; captured powder is waste/internal recovery, not emission.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, particle size unspecified 0ce3dedb-caca-407b-a856-a90470eb8ec0
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

carbon dioxide (fossil) (fossil_co2_air)

Only measured or validated actual fossil-carbon balance of on-site oven fuel to outdoor air unspecified, immediate release; separate retained carbon, CO/unburned fuel and any biogenic fraction. No universal factor; purchased electricity upstream CO2 excluded here.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_coating.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_coating

Process: Fitted accessory assembly and release (release)

Fit declared covers/plugs/vent/valve, inspect finish and connections, reconcile accepted dry complete configuration and weigh net M.

Inputs

Product flows

Brass radiator blanking plug (brass_plug)

Only fitted specified brass blanking plug, actual thread/alloy/seal boundary, net mass; separately packed extras excluded from M.

• Selected flow: Brass radiator blanking plug
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Brass radiator manual air-vent plug (brass_vent)

Only actual fitted manual air-vent plug of stated alloy and supplied boundary; not general valve or automatic vent placeholder.

• Selected flow: Brass radiator manual air-vent plug
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Integrated brass radiator valve insert (integrated_valve)

Conditional factory-fitted valve insert within accepted supply, actual alloy/model/contained seal recorded; independent TRV/thermostatic head excluded.

• Selected flow: Integrated brass radiator valve insert
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Finished steel radiator top grille (top_grille)

Only actually fitted steel top grille of one drawing/finish, purchased if not site-made; omitted on ungrilled configurations.

• Selected flow: Finished steel radiator top grille
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Finished steel radiator side cover (side_cover)

One actually fitted steel side cover drawing/finish at a time; preserve both side quantities without mixed cover kit; no duplicate site stock.

• Selected flow: Finished steel radiator side cover
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

EPDM radiator connection gasket (epdm_gasket)

Only one actually fitted EPDM gasket specification and supplied mass, not included plug seal twice; other elastomers separate.

• Selected flow: EPDM radiator connection gasket
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Alternating current (release_electricity)

Actual below1kV final fit/inspection/drying demand, including attributable rejects/rework.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_release.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release

Outputs

Product flows

Radiators for central heating, not electrically heated, of iron or steel (finished_machine)

1kg accepted dry drained complete welded steel panel radiator in exact panel/fin/fitted-accessory configuration, measured M; excludes separate mounting kit and all packaging.

• Selected flow: Radiators for central heating, not electrically heated, of iron or steel a3bc941c-b74f-40e1-a32c-75888689ebdd
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass

Process: Transport protection and dispatch (packing)

Actual film/board/protection only; detached mounting kit separately disclosed; packaging excluded from M.

Inputs

Product flows

Polyethylene film (pe_film)

Actual PE wrapping film, formulation/thickness/recycled fraction and net issues recorded; packaging excluded from radiator M. Not universal plastic recipe.

• Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing

Corrugated cardboard (corrugated_board)

Only actual C/E/F flute board fiber≥80% containing recycled material per public identity; verify supplier, otherwise retain separate exact board identity. Excluded from M.

• Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_packing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished unit
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packing

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_direct	manufacturing	Prefer work-order issues/submeters. Under cp_allocation split shared press/weld/bath/oven/compressor demand using measured causal demand or load/time, justify each driver and reconcile allocated plus excluded demand to the total. No fixed ratio or automatic mass allocation from EPD cases.
allocation_variants	configurations	Separate panel/fin counts, dimensions, surface areas, primer and cure routes. Accepted count alone need not explain shared energy. A mass/economic fallback requires measured causal justification, sensitivity and review.
allocation_scrap	waste	Track actual steel scrap and bath/powder waste without automatic avoided-steel or module-D credits. Internal reusable stock/powder/water remain internal. Genuine independent marketable outputs require disclosed quality/quantity and justified co-product treatment.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	release	finished_machine	measurement	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete unit on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each accepted configuration/serial or traceable homogeneous batch	same manufacturing period	same site and dry fitted supply	accepted net mass per unit	calibration; dry/drained state; fitted BOM; signed release
cp_forming	forming	each atomic row in this process	measurement	steel grade/thickness/route and sheet area; issues/returns; panel/fin dimensions/count; actual press/cut time/load/kWh; forming oil recipe; trim scrap mass	Weigh each coil issue/valid return and separate trim scrap; trace actual panel/fin nesting and forming yield; meter press/tool demand. No assumed sheet thickness, standard radiator weight or residual BOM mass.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_joining	joining	each atomic row in this process	measurement	weld route/map/current/time; fittings alloy/thread/mass; joint rework/rejects; kWh; electrode wear and other consumables	Trace joint work orders and fitting issues; submeter seam/spot welding and actual extraction; record electrode replacement and each actual alternative weld consumable separately.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_testing	testing	each atomic row in this process	measurement	model/serial; signed test medium/pressure/time/criteria; calibrated gauge; leak results/rework; new water and purge masses; compressor/pump/dryer kWh; drained state	Retain actual released test plan/results; meter water make-up and energy, separate recirculation and treatment-bound purge with contamination/handler; confirm empty dry product before M weighing. No universal pressure or duration.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_pretreatment	pretreatment	each atomic row in this process	measurement	bath recipe/SDS; NaOH supplied concentration and mass; conversion solution composition; water mass/temperature/density/volume; net issues/returns; bath replacement; wet sludge mass/dry solids; effluent quality/handler; kWh	Measure each chemical as actual solution mass and net make-up, retain supplier composition; weigh sludge with moisture basis and meter treatment-bound effluent separately. Shared bath heating/pumps allocated on measured demand; no universal concentration/consumption.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_coating	coating	each atomic row in this process	measurement	powder/primer formulation/SDS/colour/solids; net issues/returns/recovery; dry retained film; actual cure route/time; kWh; gas meter reference temperature/pressure/supplier composition; waste powder; outlet PM and fossil-carbon balance	Weigh each actual formulated coating and unreused waste, keep internal powder recovery; meter oven/fans by actual carrier. Measure post-control outlet particulate with matched gas volume/time/size; use measured fossil-carbon input, retention and other outputs or direct monitoring for CO2, no assumed factor.	kg; MJ; m3	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_release	release	each atomic row in this process	measurement	model/BOM/serial; panel/fin/cover/connection supply; plugs/vent/valve/gaskets and included boundaries; dry coating/retained state; dimensions/weld/leak/finish acceptance; kWh; M; detached-kit boundary	Trace actual fitted parts and weigh mass, reconcile supplier-contained components and dry film; inspect current acceptance records and meter final fitting/inspection demand. Detached hardware is separate supplied product, not radiator weight.	kg; MJ	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_packing	packing	each atomic row in this process	measurement	PE recipe/thickness/recycled fraction and mass; board flute/fiber/recycled specification and mass; issues/returns; shipment configuration; detached hardware list	Weigh each actual packing material separately and exclude from M; record net issues and separate hardware supply. Add actual timber/foam/tape as individual exchanges, no generic packaging mix.	kg	each work order/batch/test; monthly reconciliation	one complete declared production year or justified shorter complete batch; matched accepted count	same site/configuration; outsourcing disclosed	attributable exchange amount / accepted units	calibration; supplier records; stock/count closure; missing data
cp_allocation	manufacturing	shared_demand	measurement	total meter demand; submeter load/time; served variants; excluded loads	Submeter or measure exchange-specific causal load and actual time, justify driver and reconcile to total supplied demand.	MJ; m3; h	each shared batch; monthly closure	same manufacturing period	all served variants and excluded operations	partition by measured causal demand; attributable amount / accepted units	closure; submeter comparison; sensitivity; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	panel_steel; fin_steel; forming_oil; forming_electricity; steel_scrap; steel_connection; joining_electricity; test_water; testing_electricity; test_effluent; wash_water; sodium_hydroxide; zinc_phosphate_solution; pretreatment_electricity; wash_effluent; phosphate_sludge; epoxy_primer; powder_paint; coating_electricity; natural_gas; powder_waste; powder_air; fossil_co2_air; brass_plug; brass_vent; integrated_valve; top_grille; side_cover; epdm_gasket; release_electricity; pe_film; corrugated_board	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished unit; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass	q_ref

Derive q_item first from same configuration/period net issues, attributable utility or actual waste/species divided by accepted unit count. Reject/rework burdens go to accepted output. Normalize by measured dry M, preserving kg/M, MJ/M and gas m3/M numerators. Keep billing/unit correction and allocation separately traceable; no catalogue mass, thermal-output weighting or generic density. Combine compatible variants only after separate normalization with disclosed mass weighting.

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
quality_identity	flows	Verify steel grade/rolled state, solution concentration/resin formulation, fitted supply, gas quality/reference state and environmental medium; public identity and provider inventories are distinct.	supplier sheets; state100 identity/property/unit audit
quality_complete	radiator	Reconcile dry fitted BOM and coating to M, all actual stock/utility/chemical inputs and losses/rework/tests, and detached-kit disclosure. Never fill unknown component masses as residual.	calibrated weigh; stock/bath balances; signed release
quality_period	records	Declare site/complete period, variants, outsourcing, utility routes, setup/idle load, primary coverage and uncertainty. EPD historical site quantities and cut-offs are not current universal data.	work orders; calibration; coverage; source limits
quality_acceptance	release	Retain actual model-specific dimensions, weld/leak/pressure tests, finish and fitted supply acceptance; actual performance declaration conditions if cited. No inferred universal EN442 numerical limits or certified status.	released specification; gauges; serial/batch test sheets

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validation_reference	finished_machine	Require1kg output and cp_mass measured dry complete-unit M, reconciled exact panel/fin/fitted accessory supply; no pressure-test water, packaging or detached hardware in M.
validation_normalization	inventory	All applicable non-reference rows explicitly use normalize_mass and declared collection protocol; check same accepted count/period/configuration and numerator units.
validation_routes	manufacturing	Match forming/joining/test/pretreatment/coating to actual plant records; avoid bought-in-part/site-stock and powder-recovery duplication. Missing actual chemistry, media or carrier remain gaps.
validation_species	elementary_flows	Verify unspecified-size post-control outdoor-air particulate and immediate fossil CO2 to unspecified air. Long-term/high-stack flows, biogenic CO2, total NOx, captured powder and treatment effluent are not equivalent. Add actual combustion species individually when measured; do not assume all NOx is NO2.
validation_coverage	dataset	Distinguish measured/calculated/estimated/excluded/not-applicable/missing; reconcile accepted dry output, material/bath loops and allocated demand. Check pass does not approve science, inherit EPD verification or establish complete cradle-to-gate coverage.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_manufacturing_module
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Manufacturing module for exact dry hydronic steel-panel configuration/site/period; upstream-connected assessment only after separately establishing suppliers/transport/treatment coverage.
excluded_use	Building heat-service, operating water/heat, generic radiator thermal equivalence, lifetime-normalized comparisons and unsupported complete cradle-to-gate/EPD claims.
required_metadata	PCR id; model/BOM/panel/fin/dimensions; dry fitted net M and detached-kit boundary; test/finish/performance conditions; site/period; steel/chemical suppliers and make-or-buy; cure/gas/electricity/bath routes; providers/transport/waste; packing; allocation; sources/version.
required_quality_disclosure	Primary measured coverage; unresolved identity/provider/amount; omitted routes; bath/water/powder loops; source age/version limits; allocation/corrections; emissions evidence; uncertainty/review status.
update_trigger	Panel/fin/dimension/fitted-supply change; weld/test/coating/bath/utility revision; supplier/gas change; new representative period; resolved evidence/identity gap.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
purmo-hub2894	handbook	Purmo Group Steel panel radiators EPD HUB-2894,21March2025, Yangzhou2023 case; PDF/printedpp.3–4 and process diagramp.6. https://manage.epdhub.com/declarations/file/download/epdSigned/lang/3494/en/	Cold-rolled panels/polyester-epoxy powder and pressing/welding/testing/painting/packing route case; no numerical energy, composition share, allocation default, cut-off, installation/recycling or thermal factor adopted.
stelrad-panel-uk	handbook	Stelrad Steel Panel Radiators UK EPD, downloaded EPD-IES-0025108:001 version10August2025, PDF/printedp.4. Live programme catalogue reports003; retained001 architecture facts only. https://api.prod.environdec.com/api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/EPDs/ceb6cc5a-8851-447f-97cd-08ddc8250fc7/Documents	Independent manufacturer panel/fin, grille/side cover/accessory and site/model coating/packing variability case only; no model weights, shares, mass allocation, lifetime or inherited verification.