Other photographic equipment

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers finished photographic equipment not represented by the separate canonical identities for objective lenses, photographic or cinematographic cameras, cinematographic projectors, sensitized photographic media, photographic chemical preparations, or parts and accessories. Consistent with the HS headings underlying this residual equipment boundary, covered products include photographic flashlight apparatus; non-cinematographic image projectors and photographic enlargers or reducers; photographic-laboratory apparatus and equipment; negatoscopes; and projection screens.

The foreground boundary is factory-gate production from received materials, components, and packaging through final assembly, any site-performed cleaning or conditioning, functional testing, and packing. The producer must declare the specific equipment family and bill of materials because the residual category spans electronic, optical, electromechanical, and passive screen products. Distribution, use, maintenance, and end-of-life are excluded unless the study goal explicitly extends the boundary.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.other-photographic-equipment
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48329, Other photographic equipment (exact)
covered_products	Finished photographic flashlight apparatus; non-cinematographic image projectors; photographic enlargers and reducers; photographic-laboratory apparatus; negatoscopes; projection screens
excluded_products	Objective lenses sold separately; photographic and cinematographic cameras; cinematographic projectors; sensitized plates, film, or instant-print film; photographic chemical preparations; parts and accessories sold separately; digital cameras and television/video cameras
representative_product	Factory-gate finished electronic photographic flash unit, used only as the representative route for process and BOM prompts and not as a restriction on other covered equipment
production_route	Receipt of purchased materials and components; product-specific fabrication or conditioning where performed at the reporting site; final assembly; cleaning when used; functional testing; packing
market_state	Complete, tested, factory-gate finished equipment, with included accessories and sales packaging declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide finished equipment that performs the declared photographic illumination, image projection/enlargement/reduction, laboratory handling, negative viewing, or projection-screen function
How much	1 kg net mass of complete factory-gate finished equipment
How well	Conforming to the producer's declared model specification and acceptance test, with equipment family, model, BOM revision, included accessories, and packaging scope declared
How long or cycle	Factory-gate production only; service life or operating cycles are metadata and do not change the 1 kg production reference
reference_flow_link	finished_other_photographic_equipment

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Other photographic equipment (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	equipment family; manufacturer and model; BOM revision; electronic, optical, laboratory-apparatus, or passive-screen route; net product mass; included accessories; packaging scope; manufacturing site and geography; reporting period; acceptance-test specification

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Reference product and all mass-normalized inventory rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh complete accepted equipment without sales packaging for net reference-product mass. Normalize each reporting-period exchange by accepted net output mass to 1 kg; disclose whether included accessories are inside the net product mass.
energy_conversion	Purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	MJ	Preserve meter data in its original unit and convert kWh to MJ using exactly 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Record voltage level, grid geography, onsite generation treatment, and loss boundary.
water_mass_basis	Process water and cleaning wastewater	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Prefer direct mass records. When volume is metered, use a documented measured or supplier density for the reporting temperature; do not silently assume density.
bom_component_mass	Materials, components, and packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use supplier mass declarations or verified weighing. Distinguish supplied component mass from primary-material-equivalent mass and do not double-count both representations.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received materials, components, subassemblies, accessories, and packaging at the reporting site's gate
starting_condition_role	Foreground assembly/manufacturing input boundary; upstream production is represented by separately linked supplier or background datasets
product_classification_scope	Finished residual photographic equipment described in Product Category Identity, independent of any one model or route
recursive_input_rule	A received input that is itself finished equipment within this PCR is recorded once as a product input with its own upstream dataset; do not recursively decompose it inside the receiving process and also link the complete-equipment dataset
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every material, component, energy, water, packaging, and waste-treatment exchange requires a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream or downstream dataset, with proxy use disclosed
disclosure	Declare factory location, reporting period, equipment family/model, BOM revision, component manufacturing included at the site, cleaning and testing route, allocation, cut-offs, data gaps, recycled-content assumptions, and packaging scope

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_received_inputs	Foreground starting condition	Start the foreground inventory at the site gate for received materials and components; link their upstream production and inbound transport separately when the study boundary includes them.	kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020
boundary_site_operations	Factory-gate production	Include site-performed fabrication, assembly, cleaning or conditioning, functional testing, rejects, wastewater, and packing needed to produce accepted equipment.	kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020
boundary_downstream_exclusion	Distribution, use, and end-of-life	Exclude downstream distribution, use electricity or consumables, maintenance, and end-of-life from this factory-gate PCR unless the study goal adds them as separately reported modules.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
final_assembly_test_pack	Final assembly, cleaning, functional testing, and packing	required	Always; individual atomic exchanges apply only when present in the declared model BOM or site route	Foreground production	1 kg accepted net finished equipment

Process: Final assembly, cleaning, functional testing, and packing (final_assembly_test_pack)

Inputs

Product flows

Aluminium sheet for housings, frames, or reflectors (aluminium_sheet)

Record this exchange when aluminium sheet enters the foreground process as a purchased material. Product design, alloy, thickness, recycled content, and forming boundary remain foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net input during the reporting period, less returned unopened material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

ABS moulding resin (abs_granulate)

Record ABS granulate only when the reporting site moulds ABS parts or consumes purchased ABS granulate; do not also count the mass of the resulting purchased moulded part.

• Selected flow: Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer, granulate 8f1317c1-aa51-4524-8692-74079c923e2c
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net granulate charged to site-performed moulding, including documented process loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Printed wire board (printed_wire_board)

Record each purchased printed wire board entering an electronic equipment route. Declare whether it is bare or populated; mounted parts not included in the selected flow require separate BOM records or a documented assembly dataset.

• Selected flow: Printed Wire Board a8bd954c-59b3-4317-b4de-02a17d6da5ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed board mass entering accepted and rejected units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Objective lens (photographic_objective_lens)

Record this component only for equipment whose declared BOM contains a separately received objective lens.

• Selected flow: Objective lenses for cameras, projectors or photographic enlargers or reducers cfef9f14-3271-428b-bebe-47ded2db11d4
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed lens mass entering accepted and rejected units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: wco-hs-2022-chapter-90

Xenon photographic flash tube (xenon_flash_tube)

Record this component only for xenon-discharge photographic flash products. The Tiangong identity remains unresolved; do not substitute glass, xylene, or a ballast.

• Selected flow: Xenon photographic flash tube (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed flash-tube mass entering accepted and rejected units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: wco-hs-2022-chapter-90

Electronic flash capacitor (electronic_flash_capacitor)

Record this component only for electronic flash products whose BOM contains a discrete energy-storage capacitor. The Tiangong identity remains unresolved; insulation oil is not an acceptable substitute.

• Selected flow: Electronic flash capacitor (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed capacitor mass entering accepted and rejected units
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Polyester projection-screen fabric (polyester_projection_screen_fabric)

Record this exchange only for projection-screen products using a polyester-based optical surface. Declare coating, backing, weave or knit, recycled content, and flame-retardant treatment.

• Selected flow: Polyester projection-screen fabric (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed finished fabric mass entering accepted and rejected screens
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: wco-hs-2022-chapter-90

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Record electricity consumed by site-performed fabrication, assembly, cleaning or conditioning, testing, and packing. Allocate shared meters using the rule in section 7.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or invoice-reconciled electricity attributable to the reporting process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_meter
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Process water for aqueous cleaning (process_water)

Record process water only when aqueous cleaning occurs at the reporting site. Water for sanitation or unrelated building services is outside this row.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured water supplied to product or component cleaning during the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter
• Sources:

Corrugated-board sales box (corrugated_board_box)

Record the formed corrugated-board box supplied with the finished equipment; do not also count its cardboard mass as a separate raw-board input.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed box mass packed with accepted product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Low-density polyethylene protective film (ldpe_packaging_film)

Record PE-LD film only when it is supplied with the product as sales or protective packaging.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: supplier-declared or weighed PE-LD film mass packed with accepted product
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_bom_mass
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished equipment (finished_other_photographic_equipment)

This is the reference product crossing the factory gate after assembly, acceptance testing, and packing. Record net equipment mass separately from sales packaging.

• Selected flow: Other photographic equipment (Tiangong UUID unresolved)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass of accepted finished equipment produced in the reporting period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_output_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-2025; wco-hs-2022-chapter-90

Waste flows

Rejected electronic assemblies (weee_manufacturing_scrap)

Record rejected electronic assemblies only for electronic routes and before downstream treatment. Separate recoverable components if measured as distinct waste flows.

• Selected flow: Waste electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing scrap 46be0534-0f3c-44a9-8523-63c4ad41ed8e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred from production control to a waste-treatment or recovery route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources:

Cleaning wastewater (cleaning_wastewater)

Record wastewater only when aqueous cleaning occurs. Characterize contaminants and treatment state in the foreground record.

• Selected flow: Wastewater from cleaning f0402393-e82c-47e8-9cd8-a486c97f3e89
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wastewater transferred to onsite or offsite treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_mass
• Sources:

Aluminium offcuts and rejected parts (aluminium_scrap)

Record aluminium scrap only when sheet forming, trimming, or rejection occurs at the reporting site. Do not net it against aluminium input.

• Selected flow: Aluminium Scrap 96c5f842-ea53-419b-b1cd-c02c479efb45
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred to recovery or waste treatment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass
• Sources: kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

Elementary flows

No generic elementary-emission row is prescribed. Record each measured direct emission as its own chemically specific elementary flow; do not transfer upstream electricity or material-production emissions into this foreground process.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide_first	Multi-product factory operations	First subdivide metered processes, production lines, batches, and waste records wherever independent measurement is practicable.
allocation_shared_operations	Shared assembly, conditioning, testing, and building services	When subdivision is not practicable, allocate shared electricity, water, and waste by a documented causal driver such as machine time, test time, batch count, or measured throughput; use mass only when no more causal driver is available and disclose sensitivity.
allocation_scrap_no_credit	Aluminium scrap and rejected electronic assemblies	Report waste flows gross at the foreground boundary. Do not subtract scrap revenue or an avoided-primary-material credit from the foreground inventory; model recovery consequences in the selected downstream dataset or an explicitly separate scenario.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_bom_mass	final_assembly_test_pack	BOM material, component, accessory, or packaging input	supplier declaration plus receiving and issue record	item code; material description; supplier; lot; quantity; unit mass; returned mass; BOM revision; accepted and rejected unit counts	Reconcile approved BOM to purchasing/warehouse records and verify representative unit mass by calibrated scale	kg	Per lot, aggregated monthly	Complete reporting period	All lines and outsourced steps included in declared site boundary	Sum net issued mass by item and map each item once to an atomic flow	BOM approval, supplier mass evidence, scale calibration, reconciliation record
cp_energy_meter	final_assembly_test_pack	electricity input	meter interval or utility invoice	meter id; start/end reading; interval consumption; voltage; grid supplier; onsite generation/export; allocation driver	Read dedicated meter or reconcile submeter totals to invoices	kWh and MJ	At least monthly	Complete reporting period	All included fabrication, assembly, cleaning, testing, and packing operations	Convert kWh to MJ and allocate shared consumption using section 7	Meter calibration or invoice reconciliation and allocation worksheet
cp_water_meter	final_assembly_test_pack	process-water input	meter, batch log, or supplier record	source; meter id; volume or mass; temperature; density source; batch; cleaning route	Meter or weigh water supplied to included aqueous cleaning	kg	Per batch or monthly	Complete reporting period	Included cleaning equipment only	Convert documented volume to mass when needed and normalize by accepted output mass	Meter calibration, density record, and batch reconciliation
cp_product_output_mass	final_assembly_test_pack	accepted finished-product output	production and acceptance record	model; serial or batch; BOM revision; accepted count; rejected count; measured unit mass; included accessories; packaging excluded	Reconcile acceptance-test release records with calibrated mass measurements	kg	Per batch	Complete reporting period	Every covered model produced at the site	Sum accepted net product mass by model and reporting period	Acceptance record, scale calibration, and production reconciliation
cp_waste_mass	final_assembly_test_pack	solid manufacturing waste output	waste transfer and internal scrap record	waste type; source process; container tare/gross mass; contamination; destination; treatment route; date	Weigh each waste transfer and reconcile internal scrap movements	kg	Per transfer, aggregated monthly	Complete reporting period	All included production waste destinations	Sum net mass by atomic waste identity without netting revenue	Scale calibration, transfer note, and treatment receipt
cp_wastewater_mass	final_assembly_test_pack	cleaning-wastewater output	effluent meter and characterization record	volume or mass; temperature; density source; contaminants; treatment state; destination; batch/date	Meter wastewater and retain representative characterization	kg	Per batch or monthly	Complete reporting period	Included aqueous-cleaning discharges only	Convert documented volume to mass when needed and normalize by accepted output mass	Meter calibration, sampling record, and treatment receipt

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every inventory row	Normalized amount = reporting-period row total / reporting-period accepted net equipment mass	Collected row total; accepted net equipment mass	Exchange per 1 kg accepted net finished equipment
calc_electricity_mj	Electricity	MJ = metered kWh × 3.6	Metered kWh	Electricity in MJ
calc_material_balance_screen	Materials and wastes	Compare total mass inputs with accepted product, separately reported waste, inventory change, and documented evaporation or unmeasured residuals; investigate rather than force a balance	BOM input mass; product output mass; waste mass; opening/closing inventories	Material-balance residual and explanation

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Product and inventory identity	Preserve model, BOM revision, equipment family, material/part specification, Tiangong flow UUID where resolved, and supplier or waste-route identity.	Approved BOM, supplier specification, flow mapping record, waste transfer record
dq_temporal	Foreground activity	Cover a representative continuous 12-month period where available; otherwise disclose start/end dates, seasonality, ramp-up, shutdown, and extrapolation.	Meter coverage, production calendar, reconciliation worksheet
dq_completeness	Factory-gate inventory	Reconcile product output to production records, component inputs to BOM/purchasing, electricity and water to meters/invoices, and waste to transfer records; quantify all exclusions.	Signed completeness checklist and reconciliations
dq_technology_geography	Upstream datasets and shared operations	Match component state, manufacturing technology, electricity geography/voltage, recycled content, and waste-treatment route; document every proxy.	Dataset selection log and proxy justification
dq_uncertainty	Missing external ranges	Do not replace missing independent range evidence with an unlabeled case value. Report foreground variability and uncertainty from the collected period and flag the unresolved external benchmark need.	Batch statistics, meter variability, and review metadata

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity_and_scope	Reference product	Confirm the product is finished equipment within the covered boundary, not a camera, cinematographic projector, separately sold objective lens, sensitized medium, chemical preparation, or part/accessory.	un-cpc-3-0-2025; wco-hs-2022-chapter-90
validate_reference_mass	Functional unit and reference flow	Confirm accepted net equipment mass equals the normalization denominator, packaging is separately reported, and all required qualifiers are present.
validate_atomic_inventory	Process inventory	Reject combined or umbrella exchanges; each product, waste, and elementary flow must have one physical or chemical identity and one applicable property/unit.
validate_bom_and_meter_reconciliation	Foreground completeness	Confirm BOM/material, accepted-output, electricity, water, wastewater, and solid-waste records reconcile to the reporting period and declared site scope; explain every residual or excluded route.	kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020
validate_uuid_and_range_gaps	Unresolved references and ranges	Keep unresolved UUID rows blank and linked to manifest review metadata. Do not treat the single product-specific LCA as an external amount range; require two independent boundary-compatible sources before authoring an inferred range.	kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Factory-gate foreground production dataset for a declared other-photographic-equipment model or homogeneous model family
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication
allowed_use	Product carbon-footprint and LCA models requiring mass-normalized factory-gate production of the declared model and route
excluded_use	Unqualified average for all CPC 48329 equipment; camera production; use-phase service comparison; end-of-life claims; substitution or avoided-burden claims without separate modelling
required_metadata	PCR id/version; equipment family/model; BOM revision; net product mass; included accessories; packaging scope; site/geography; reporting period; route; acceptance test; allocation drivers; cut-offs; unresolved UUIDs; upstream dataset and proxy choices
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground data coverage and reconciliation; meter and scale quality; supplier-data share; temporal/geographical/technological representativeness; recycled content; waste-treatment route; uncertainty; missing independent range evidence
update_trigger	Material change in model or BOM, component supplier/technology, production site, electricity supply, cleaning/testing route, packaging, allocation driver, waste treatment, or a newly resolved Tiangong reference-product/inventory UUID

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure and Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Official classification identity and hierarchy
wco-hs-2022-chapter-90	standard	World Customs Organization, HS Nomenclature 2022, Chapter 90, https://www.wcoomd.org/-/media/wco/public/global/pdf/topics/nomenclature/instruments-and-tools/hs-nomenclature-2022/2022/1890_2022e.pdf?la=en (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Concrete covered goods and parts exclusions underlying the residual equipment boundary
kth-moqvist-photo-flash-2020	literature	Tim Storfeldt Moqvist, Environmental Impact of a Portable Photo Flash – Using Life Cycle Assessment Methodology, KTH, 2020, https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275710 (retrieved 2026-09-07)	Representative electronic-flash route, BOM/component inventory, assembly, electricity, plastics, aluminium reflector, PCB, and cardboard packaging process decomposition; not used for an external amount range