Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the production of complete instruments and apparatus whose principal function is measuring or detecting ionizing radiation. Covered products include portable and installed radiation monitors, survey meters, dose or dose-rate meters, contamination monitors, counters, spectrometers, dosimeters, and radionuclide calibrators when supplied as complete instruments. The exact detector principle, radiation type, measured quantity, application class, and applicable performance standard are product qualifiers rather than separate PCR identities.

The foreground boundary covers receipt of purchased materials, components, detector assemblies, and subassemblies; in-house detector or sensor manufacture when performed; printed-circuit-board manufacture or assembly when performed; enclosure manufacture and surface finishing when performed; final assembly; software or firmware loading where integral to operation; calibration and performance verification; and packaging at the manufacturing site. Upstream production of purchased inputs is represented by linked upstream datasets.

Detector modules, sensor modules, bare detectors, replacement parts, accessories sold separately, ionizing-radiation sources sold as products, radiation-generating medical or industrial treatment equipment, and instruments whose principal function is measuring non-ionizing radiation are excluded as reference products. Use, maintenance, transport after the factory gate, and end-of-life treatment are outside the foreground manufacturing boundary and require separate scenario datasets when included in a life-cycle model.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.medical-appliances-precision-and-optical-instruments-watches-and-clocks.instruments-and-apparatus-for-measuring-or-detecting-ionizing-radiations
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 48241 — Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations
covered_products	Complete instruments whose principal function is measurement or detection of ionizing radiation, including portable and installed monitors, survey meters, dose or dose-rate meters, contamination monitors, counters, spectrometers, dosimeters, and radionuclide calibrators
excluded_products	Detector or sensor modules and bare detectors; separately supplied parts and accessories; radioactive sources sold as products; radiation-generating treatment or inspection equipment; non-ionizing-radiation instruments
representative_product	A complete, accepted, calibrated, and functionally verified ionizing-radiation measuring or detecting instrument at the manufacturing site gate
production_route	Purchased components and subassemblies, conditional in-house detector/electronics/enclosure production, final assembly, integral software or firmware loading, calibration and performance verification, and packaging
market_state	New finished instrument, calibrated and functionally verified, supplied at the manufacturing site gate; packaging is reported separately from net instrument mass

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Net mass of a complete ionizing-radiation measuring or detecting instrument accepted after calibration and performance verification
How much	1 kg net finished instrument, excluding transport and sales packaging
How well	Complete and operational in the declared configuration; accepted against the manufacturer's test plan and the declared application-specific calibration and performance requirements
How long or cycle	Output produced during the declared reporting period or production campaign
reference_flow_link	finished_instrument_output in process calibration_and_performance_verification

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations 0144e43c-eb28-46f2-be33-804023379cf1
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product model or family; detector principle; radiation type; measured quantity; rated measurement or detection range; portable, installed, or integrated configuration; application or performance class; included probes, accessories, batteries, and software; production geography and site; calibration and performance standards used; calibration configuration and reference radiation or source; net instrument mass; firmware or software version where integral

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product output	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure the net mass of accepted complete instruments after calibration and performance verification and before packaging; normalize the inventory to exactly 1 kg.
packaging_mass_separation	Sales and transport packaging	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure packaging separately by material and do not include it in reference-product mass.
item_to_mass_conversion	Production records in instrument counts	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Convert counts with measured net mass for the same product model or a documented production-weighted product-family average from the same reporting period; retain the count and weighing records.
bom_mass_consistency	Product materials, components, detector assemblies, batteries, cables, probes, and accessories included with the product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Record masses on one consistent as-installed basis and reconcile the bill of materials, production losses, and accepted output without silently including packaging.
energy_carrier_preservation	Electricity, fuel, compressed air, and purchased thermal energy	Carrier-specific energy property	Carrier-specific reference unit	Preserve metered carrier and unit; document every conversion to the reporting unit and allocate only shared consumption using the declared allocation rule.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_cradle_to_gate_inputs	Purchased materials, parts, components, subassemblies, utilities, and services	Include upstream datasets for all material and energy inputs that cross the foreground boundary and include all environmentally relevant foreground flows required by the declared goal and scope.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_foreground_operations	Manufacturing site operations	Include applicable detector fabrication, electronics and printed-circuit-board operations, enclosure manufacture and finishing, final assembly, integral software or firmware loading, calibration and performance verification, rework, cleaning, and packaging; disclose outsourced steps.	iec-61010-1-2010-amd1-2016; us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990
boundary_calibration_testing	Calibration and performance verification	Include electricity, consumables, reference-source or radiation-field service, failed tests, retesting, and attributable facility operation. Declare the applicable instrument standard and retain test and calibration records; do not apply one performance criterion to every instrument type.	iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023
boundary_packaging	Packaging at the manufacturing site	Include packaging materials and packaging-process energy as separate inventory flows; keep packaging mass outside the 1 kg net instrument reference flow.	eu-pef-2021-2279
boundary_downstream_exclusion	Use, maintenance, and end-of-life	Exclude downstream stages from the foreground manufacturing dataset. When a life-cycle model adds them, use declared service-life, power, maintenance, calibration, collection, and treatment scenarios and identify applicable electrical and electronic equipment obligations.	eu-weee-2012-19-consolidated-2024

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased raw materials, electronic parts, detector or sensor assemblies, mechanical parts, batteries or power-supply parts, cables, displays, fasteners, packaging materials, utilities, and outsourced services received at the manufacturing site gate
starting_condition_role	Explicit foreground entry condition for manufacturing operations
product_classification_scope	Complete CPC 3.0 subclass 48241 instruments and apparatus; modules and separately supplied components are inputs or separate products, not this PCR reference product
recursive_input_rule	A purchased complete instrument within the same category is recorded as a product input with an upstream dataset and a declared reuse, integration, or configuration role; its production is not recursively reconstructed inside the receiving process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased material, component, subassembly, utility, calibration service, and outsourced manufacturing step to the most representative available upstream dataset; disclose proxy, geography, technology, and age gaps
disclosure	Declare detector technology, radiation type, measured quantity, product configuration, included accessories, in-house and outsourced operations, calibration basis, reporting period, production site, net mass, packaging basis, allocation choices, data gaps, and excluded life-cycle stages

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
detector_subassembly_production	Detector or sensor subassembly production	conditional	Include when detector or sensor fabrication, filling, encapsulation, or integration is performed by the reporting organization	Foreground detector production	kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
electronics_and_pcb_production	Electronics and printed-circuit-board production or assembly	conditional	Include when printed-circuit-board manufacture, population, soldering, cleaning, or electronics testing is performed within the reporting boundary	Foreground electronics production	kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
enclosure_and_mechanical_parts	Enclosure and mechanical-parts manufacture and finishing	conditional	Include when forming, machining, moulding, coating, plating, or other surface finishing is performed within the reporting boundary	Foreground mechanical production	kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
final_instrument_assembly	Final instrument assembly and configuration	required	Always include for complete instruments	Foreground integration of detector, electronics, enclosure, power system, probes, cables, displays, accessories, and integral software or firmware	kg assembled instrument transferred to calibration and performance verification
calibration_and_performance_verification	Calibration and performance verification	required	Always include for accepted complete instruments	Foreground calibration, function and safety checks, performance verification, failed-test handling, and rework routing	kg accepted net finished instrument
packaging	Packaging	required	Always include packaging performed before the product leaves the manufacturing site	Foreground packaging with packaging mass kept separate from net instrument mass	kg packaged accepted instrument and kg packaging by material

Process: Detector or sensor subassembly production (detector_subassembly_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Detector materials, parts, and purchased sensor elements (detector_materials_parts)

Record every material, part, gas, scintillator, semiconductor element, optical component, electrode, housing, seal, and purchased sensor element that becomes part of an in-house detector or sensor subassembly. Select exact Tiangong product flows during foreground package construction.

• Selected flow: Site- and technology-specific detector materials and parts
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg, with item-to-mass conversion where necessary
• Amount rule: measured issued quantity minus documented unused return, by material or part
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_records

Process electricity and utilities for detector production (detector_process_energy)

Record metered or technically allocated electricity and other utilities used for detector fabrication, filling, encapsulation, cleaning, and in-process testing.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and utility product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific energy property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered process consumption or allocated shared-meter consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utility_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming detector or sensor subassembly (detector_subassembly_output)

Record the measured mass of detector or sensor subassemblies released to final assembly. This intermediate output is not the complete-instrument reference product.

• Selected flow: Technology-specific detector or sensor subassembly product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conforming subassembly mass released to final assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output_records

Waste flows

Detector-production rejects and hazardous residues (detector_reject_waste)

Record rejected sensor elements, off-specification detector materials, contaminated wipes, spent process chemicals, and other wastes separately by treatment route and regulatory classification.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste flows by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment, container, or production-log quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Elementary flows

Direct detector-production emissions (detector_direct_emissions)

Record measured or permit-calculated releases to air, water, or soil from in-house detector production, including any controlled releases associated with technology-specific gases or chemicals; do not infer emissions from purchased material mass alone.

• Selected flow: Site-specific elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / reporting unit
• Amount rule: measured release or calculation from monitored activity using a documented method
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming detector or sensor subassembly transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Process: Electronics and printed-circuit-board production or assembly (electronics_and_pcb_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Printed boards, electronic components, solder, flux, and process materials (electronics_materials)

Record purchased printed boards, semiconductors, passive components, connectors, displays, solder, flux, coatings, cleaning agents, and other electronics materials. If bare printed-circuit boards are manufactured in-house, separately record cleaning, surface preparation, plating, masking, and etching inputs and wastes.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electronic-component and process-material product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or item count converted with measured component mass
• Amount rule: measured issued quantity minus documented unused return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_records
• Sources: us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990

Electronics production electricity and utilities (electronics_process_energy)

Record metered or technically allocated energy used for board manufacture or population, soldering, cleaning, coating, and electronics testing.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and utility product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific energy property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered process consumption or allocated shared-meter consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utility_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming electronics assembly (electronics_output)

Record the measured mass of electronics released to final instrument assembly.

• Selected flow: Product-specific electronics assembly flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conforming electronics mass released to final assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output_records

Waste flows

Electronics rejects, spent solutions, and wastewater (electronics_waste)

Record rejected boards and components, solder and flux residues, spent plating or etching solutions, rinsewater, and other wastes generated by operations inside the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste and wastewater flows by treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or wastewater volume with measured density when converted to mass
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment, bath replacement, wastewater meter, or production-log quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records
• Sources: us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990

Elementary flows

Direct electronics-production emissions (electronics_direct_emissions)

Record measured or permit-calculated air, water, and soil releases from in-house board manufacture, soldering, cleaning, coating, and related treatment systems.

• Selected flow: Site-specific elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / reporting unit
• Amount rule: measured release or documented calculation from monitored activity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming electronics transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records
• Sources: us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990

Process: Enclosure and mechanical-parts manufacture and finishing (enclosure_and_mechanical_parts)

Inputs

Product flows

Enclosure and mechanical materials (enclosure_materials)

Record metals, polymers, glass, shielding materials, fasteners, coatings, plating chemicals, cleaning agents, and purchased mechanical parts used in in-house forming, machining, moulding, and finishing.

• Selected flow: Site-specific material and process-chemical product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured issued quantity minus documented unused return
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_records

Mechanical production energy and utilities (enclosure_process_energy)

Record metered or technically allocated electricity, fuel, compressed air, water, and other utilities used in in-house mechanical production and finishing.

• Selected flow: Site-specific energy and utility product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered process consumption or allocated shared-meter consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utility_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming enclosure and mechanical parts (enclosure_output)

Record the measured mass of enclosure and mechanical parts released to final assembly.

• Selected flow: Product-specific enclosure and mechanical-parts flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conforming part mass released to final assembly
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output_records

Waste flows

Mechanical scrap, spent finishing materials, and wastewater (enclosure_waste)

Record metal and polymer scrap, spent abrasive and finishing media, spent baths, sludge, rinsewater, and other wastes separately by material and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste and wastewater flows by treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or wastewater volume with measured density when converted to mass
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment, bath replacement, wastewater meter, or production-log quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Elementary flows

Direct mechanical-production emissions (enclosure_direct_emissions)

Record measured or permit-calculated releases from machining, moulding, coating, plating, cleaning, and onsite treatment.

• Selected flow: Site-specific elementary flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / reporting unit
• Amount rule: measured release or documented calculation from monitored activity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg conforming enclosure and mechanical parts transferred to final assembly
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Process: Final instrument assembly and configuration (final_instrument_assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Detector, electronics, enclosure, power-system, probe, cable, and accessory inputs (assembly_components)

Record all purchased and in-house subassemblies and components incorporated into the delivered configuration, including detector assemblies, electronics, enclosure, display, battery or power supply, probes, cables, fasteners, and included accessories. A purchased radiation detector module is an input, not the complete-instrument reference flow.

• Selected flow: Product-specific component and subassembly product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg or item count converted with measured component mass
• Amount rule: measured issued quantity minus unused return, reconciled to the as-built bill of materials
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg assembled instrument transferred to calibration and performance verification
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_component_records
• Sources: eu-rohs-2011-65-consolidated-2021; iec-61010-1-2010-amd1-2016

Assembly electricity and utilities (assembly_energy)

Record metered or technically allocated energy used for assembly, cleaning, software or firmware loading, configuration, and in-process checks.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and utility product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific energy property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered process consumption or allocated shared-meter consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg assembled instrument transferred to calibration and performance verification
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utility_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Assembled instrument awaiting calibration (assembled_instrument_output)

Record the measured net mass of assembled instruments transferred to calibration and performance verification.

• Selected flow: Product-specific assembled instrument intermediate flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net assembled instrument mass transferred to calibration and performance verification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg assembled instrument transferred to calibration and performance verification
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output_records

Waste flows

Assembly rejects and component packaging waste (assembly_waste)

Record rejected components, damaged assemblies, consumables, and incoming component packaging separately by material and treatment route. Rework retained inside the site is tracked without double counting it as both waste and a new input.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste flows by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment or production-log quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg assembled instrument transferred to calibration and performance verification
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Elementary flows

Process: Calibration and performance verification (calibration_and_performance_verification)

Inputs

Product flows

Assembled instruments for calibration and verification (instrument_for_test)

Record assembled instruments entering calibration and performance verification, preserving product model, detector, configuration, and firmware identity.

• Selected flow: Product-specific assembled instrument intermediate flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass entering calibration and verification
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_calibration_records

Calibration, test, and facility energy (calibration_energy)

Record electricity and other utilities attributable to source warm-up or field generation, instrument operation, environmental conditioning, safety checks, performance tests, retesting, and calibration-facility operation.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and utility product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific energy property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered test consumption or technically allocated facility consumption based on test time and equipment load
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_calibration_records
• Sources: iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023

Calibration consumables and reference-radiation service (calibration_consumables_service)

Record replaceable fixtures, phantoms or source holders, gases, cleaning materials, dosimetry consumables, outsourced calibration, and reference-radiation or source service when consumed or attributable. A reusable sealed calibration source is capital equipment unless the study's infrastructure rule includes it; do not record its activity as a consumed mass flow.

• Selected flow: Site-specific consumable and calibration-service product flows
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / procurement or consumption unit
• Amount rule: measured consumption or documented service quantity attributable to the tested production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_calibration_records
• Sources: iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished ionizing-radiation instrument (finished_instrument_output)

This is the quantitative reference. Record accepted instruments only after completion of the declared calibration, function, safety, and application-specific performance checks.

• Selected flow: Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations 0144e43c-eb28-46f2-be33-804023379cf1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg (Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66)
• Amount rule: measured net accepted instrument mass, normalized to exactly 1 kg
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: exactly 1 kg net accepted finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_production_output_records
• Sources: iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023

Failed instruments routed to rework (failed_instrument_rework)

Track failed instruments returned to rework without treating the internal transfer as a co-product. Retesting and additional inputs remain assigned to accepted output.

• Selected flow: Product-specific instrument-for-rework intermediate flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass or count converted with measured model-specific mass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_test_calibration_records

Waste flows

Test rejects and calibration consumable waste (test_reject_waste)

Record scrapped instruments, rejected parts, spent batteries, damaged sources or source-related items handled as regulated waste, and calibration consumable wastes separately by treatment route. Do not classify internal rework as waste.

• Selected flow: Site-specific waste flows by material and treatment route
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste shipment or test-log quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Elementary flows

Direct releases during calibration or testing (calibration_direct_releases)

Record only monitored or permit-calculated material releases to air, water, or soil. Exposure to a controlled radiation field is not itself entered as a material elementary flow; any reportable release of radioactive material must use the applicable radionuclide elementary flow and measured activity or mass basis.

• Selected flow: Site-specific elementary flows where a release crosses the environmental boundary
• Flow property / unit: Flow-specific property / reporting unit
• Amount rule: measured release or documented regulatory calculation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emission_records

Process: Packaging (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted instrument entering packaging (accepted_instrument_for_packaging)

Record the accepted net instrument without adding packaging mass to the reference product.

• Selected flow: Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations 0144e43c-eb28-46f2-be33-804023379cf1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted instrument mass entering packaging
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

Record cartons, cases, cushioning, films, pallets, labels, manuals, desiccants, and other packaging separately by material and reuse status.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging product flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging material issued to accepted products
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Packaging energy (packaging_energy)

Record metered or allocated electricity and fuel used for packaging.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and fuel product flows
• Flow property / unit: Carrier-specific energy property / metered unit
• Amount rule: metered packaging consumption or allocated shared-meter consumption
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_utility_records

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Packaged instrument at manufacturing site gate (packaged_instrument_output)

Record the accepted instrument and its packaging as separate quantities. The reference amount remains 1 kg net instrument, not gross shipped mass.

• Selected flow: Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionizing radiations 0144e43c-eb28-46f2-be33-804023379cf1
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net accepted instrument plus separately reported packaging mass
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: exactly 1 kg net accepted finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Waste flows

Packaging process waste (packaging_waste)

Record offcuts, damaged packaging, release liners, and other packaging-process wastes by material and treatment route.

• Selected flow: Site-specific packaging waste flows
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging waste quantity
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg accepted net finished instrument
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	Shared detector, electronics, enclosure, assembly, testing, and packaging operations	Prefer direct measurement and process subdivision by product model, detector technology, production line, and test route before allocation.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_physical_driver	Residual shared material, energy, facility, and test burdens	Use a documented causal physical driver: measured consumption where available; machine or test time multiplied by attributable load for energy; processed mass for material-handling operations; occupied area and time only for genuinely shared facility services.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_economic_fallback	Shared burdens without a defensible physical relationship	Economic allocation is a last resort. Declare the products, price basis, geography, period, price source, and sensitivity to price changes.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rework_rejects	Internal rework, failed tests, rejects, scrap, and recovered materials	Assign rework, retesting, and reject burdens to accepted output. Record wastes at the boundary and do not deduct recycling credits inside the foreground inventory unless the downstream modelling method explicitly requires and documents them.	eu-pef-2021-2279; eu-weee-2012-19-consolidated-2024

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_component_records	detector_subassembly_production; electronics_and_pcb_production; enclosure_and_mechanical_parts; final_instrument_assembly	Materials, components, detector assemblies, electronics, enclosure parts, power systems, probes, cables, and accessories	ERP issue/return record, bill of materials, purchase record, batch sheet, weighing record	product_model; part_id; material_or_component; supplier; quantity_issued; quantity_returned; unit; measured_mass; included_configuration; lot; process_id	Reconcile issued-minus-returned quantities to the as-built bill of materials and convert item counts with measured part mass	native procurement unit and kg	Per lot or production order	Same reporting period as accepted output	Every included manufacturing site and outsourced step represented as foreground	Sum net consumed quantity by flow and process, then normalize with calc_reference_normalization	Approved bill of materials, scale calibration, lot trace, supplier declaration, and reconciliation record
cp_energy_utility_records	all foreground processes	Electricity, fuel, compressed air, water, and purchased thermal energy	Meter, submeter, invoice, equipment power and operating-time log	meter_id; carrier; opening_reading; closing_reading; unit; process_id; equipment_id; operating_time; rated_or_measured_load; allocation_driver	Prefer process meters; otherwise allocate a shared meter with documented causal driver	carrier-specific metered unit	At least monthly and per campaign for intermittent high-load tests	Complete declared reporting period	Every included site	Sum by carrier and process, subtract documented non-production use, apply allocation, and normalize with calc_reference_normalization	Meter calibration or invoice, coverage reconciliation, allocation worksheet, and equipment-load evidence
cp_production_output_records	all foreground processes	Conforming intermediate output and accepted finished output	Production release, quality release, count record, and calibrated weighing record	product_model; process_id; lot; quantity_count; gross_mass; tare; net_mass; acceptance_status; release_time	Weigh released output; convert counts only with same-model or documented production-weighted measured mass	kg and count	Per lot	Complete declared reporting period	Every included site	Sum accepted net output only; keep rejected and reworked quantities separate	Calibrated scale record, quality release, lot genealogy, and count-to-mass worksheet
cp_test_calibration_records	calibration_and_performance_verification	Calibration, functional, safety, environmental, electromagnetic, mechanical, radiological, firmware, failed-test, and retest activity	Calibration certificate, test log, equipment log, source or field certificate, service record	product_model; serial_or_lot; detector; firmware; test_standard; test_method; measured_quantity; radiation_type; reference_source_or_field; source_certificate; test_equipment; result; acceptance_limit; pass_fail; test_time; energy; consumables; rework; retest	Capture every required test and calibration event and its attributable resources; preserve application-specific criteria	test-specific unit, hour, kWh, kg, and count	Per instrument or statistically justified production lot as required by the declared standard and test plan	Complete declared reporting period	Every calibration and test facility included	Aggregate attributable resources and failures by product model; normalize to accepted net output	Traceable calibration or source certificate, controlled procedure, test-equipment calibration, raw result, acceptance record, and retest history
cp_waste_emission_records	all foreground processes	Solid and liquid waste, wastewater, and direct releases	Waste manifest, scale ticket, wastewater meter, laboratory analysis, stack or discharge monitor, permit calculation	process_id; waste_or_emission; quantity; unit; date; treatment_route; destination; measurement_method; calculation_factor; regulated_classification	Measure at source where possible; otherwise reconcile facility totals and allocate with a causal driver	flow-specific unit	Per shipment or monitoring interval	Complete declared reporting period	Every included site	Sum by flow, compartment, and treatment route; subtract only documented quantities outside scope; normalize to process output or reference flow	Manifest, meter calibration, laboratory report, permit method, factor source, and mass-balance reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	packaging	Packaging materials, packaging waste, and gross-versus-net shipped mass	Packaging specification, issue record, weighing record, and waste record	product_model; packaging_material; reusable_status; quantity; unit; packaging_mass; net_instrument_mass; gross_shipped_mass; waste_mass	Weigh or obtain controlled packaging specification and reconcile net instrument plus packaging to gross shipped mass	kg and item count	Per packaging specification and production lot	Same reporting period as accepted output	Every included packaging site	Sum material-specific packaging per accepted product and normalize to 1 kg net instrument	Approved packaging specification, calibrated weighing record, reuse evidence, and gross-net reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	Every foreground input, output, waste, and elementary flow	normalized amount = reporting-period amount attributable to the product family / reporting-period net mass of accepted finished instruments in kg	Attributable flow amount; accepted net finished-instrument mass from cp_production_output_records	Flow amount per 1 kg net accepted finished instrument	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_count_to_mass	Records available in item counts	mass = item count × measured mean net mass for the same model, configuration, and reporting period; for a product family use a disclosed production-count-weighted mean	Item count; model-specific measured net mass; production mix	kg
calc_shared_energy	Shared electricity and utility meters	attributable energy = total shared consumption × documented causal driver share; use equipment test or operating time multiplied by attributable load where direct submetering is unavailable	Metered shared consumption; equipment load; operating or test time; production records	Carrier-specific energy allocated to the product	eu-pef-2021-2279
calc_mass_reconciliation	Bill of materials, intermediates, accepted product, rejects, waste, and returned unused material	Reconcile input mass with incorporated product mass, returned unused material, transferred intermediates, waste, and measured stock change; report the residual and its investigation without applying an invented acceptance tolerance	Material issue and return records; intermediate and finished output mass; waste mass; stock change	Material-specific mass-balance statement and unexplained residual
calc_packaging_separation	Packaged output	gross shipped mass = net accepted instrument mass + included accessory mass already in product configuration + packaging mass; report net instrument and packaging separately	Net instrument mass; configuration record; material-specific packaging mass; gross shipment mass	1 kg net reference product plus separate kg packaging flows	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_configuration	Reference flow and product family	Preserve the exact Tiangong reference-flow UUID and declare every required qualifier, including detector, radiation type, measured quantity, range, application class, included probes or accessories, calibration basis, and integral software or firmware.	Product specification, configuration record, bill of materials, calibration/test plan, and UUID readback
dq_material_completeness	Bill of materials and purchased inputs	Cover all components and materials incorporated in the delivered configuration and all production consumables crossing the foreground boundary. Retain supplier material declarations and applicable hazardous-substance compliance evidence; disclose missing supplier masses or proxy flows.	Reconciled bill of materials, purchase and issue records, supplier declarations, and applicable RoHS documentation (eu-rohs-2011-65-consolidated-2021)
dq_calibration_traceability	Calibration and performance verification	Identify the applicable instrument standard and retain raw results, acceptance criteria, calibration configuration, reference radiation or source identity, source or facility certificate, equipment calibration status, failed tests, rework, and retests.	Controlled test procedure, raw test log, calibration certificate, reference-source or field certificate, and release record (iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023)
dq_temporal_coverage	All foreground records	Use one complete, representative reporting period or a documented production campaign that captures routine production, failures, rework, maintenance, and calibration activity. Explain exclusions, shutdowns, and extrapolation.	Meter coverage, production calendar, maintenance log, calibration schedule, and reconciliation worksheet
dq_technology_geography	Foreground and upstream data	Match detector technology, electronics route, enclosure route, calibration facility, electricity geography, production site, and supplier geography where material. Disclose every proxy and its expected direction of bias.	Site process map, supplier identity, dataset metadata, and proxy assessment
dq_mass_energy_closure	Materials, packaging, waste, and energy	Reconcile material and energy records to site and process totals. Report unexplained residuals and correction actions; do not force closure through undocumented balancing flows.	Mass-balance statements, meter reconciliation, packaging gross-net check, and reviewer sign-off
dq_regulated_waste	Radioactive, hazardous, electronic, and battery-related wastes	Preserve regulated classification, activity or concentration where applicable, treatment route, consignee, and legal scope. Keep downstream WEEE treatment outside the manufacturing foreground dataset unless explicitly added as a separate scenario.	Waste manifest, laboratory or activity measurement, treatment certificate, and applicable WEEE record (eu-weee-2012-19-consolidated-2024)

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Quantitative reference	Fail unless the product flow is 0144e43c-eb28-46f2-be33-804023379cf1, the flow property is Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, the unit group is Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, the unit is kg, and the normalized output is exactly 1 kg net accepted instrument.
validate_scope_identity	Covered product	Fail if the reference product is only a detector module, sensor module, bare detector, separately supplied part or accessory, radioactive source, radiation-generating treatment or inspection equipment, or non-ionizing-radiation instrument.
validate_required_qualifiers	Product metadata	Fail when any required reference-flow qualifier is missing or when the delivered configuration differs from the recorded configuration.	iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023
validate_process_coverage	Process map and inventory	Fail if final assembly, calibration and performance verification, or packaging is missing; fail when an applicable in-house detector, electronics, printed-circuit-board, enclosure, finishing, or outsourced operation is omitted without disclosure and an upstream dataset.	us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990; eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_calibration_release	Accepted output	Fail unless the declared calibration and application-specific performance checks are traceable to controlled records and every accepted instrument or justified production lot has a passing release decision; do not substitute a generic radiation-instrument criterion for the declared product standard.	iec-62244-2019; iec-63465-2026; iaea-ssg-85-2023
validate_collection_links	Foreground-collected and calculated rows	Fail when a row using collected_record or calculated_from_collection lacks its declared collection protocol or when the protocol lacks temporal, site, method, unit, aggregation, or quality evidence.
validate_mass_packaging	Bill of materials, output, waste, and packaging	Fail when net product mass includes packaging, when material-specific packaging is not reported separately, or when mass reconciliation has no disclosed residual and investigation.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_allocation	Shared processes	Fail when shared burdens are allocated without subdivision assessment, a documented causal driver, source data, calculation, and sensitivity or fallback disclosure.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validate_regulated_flows	Hazardous substances, radioactive materials, and waste	Fail when applicable regulated material, activity, hazardous-substance, or waste-treatment information is silently omitted or netted against the product inventory.	eu-rohs-2011-65-consolidated-2021; eu-weee-2012-19-consolidated-2024

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset; may be selected as background_dataset only when product configuration, detector technology, calibration basis, geography, and data quality match the consuming study
downstream_use	Foreground data package for process and lifecyclemodel construction; comparison of manufacturing routes or configurations only after equivalence of function, performance class, included accessories, calibration basis, and boundary is demonstrated
allowed_use	Cradle-to-manufacturing-site-gate modelling of complete CPC 48241 instruments; supplier and site improvement; contribution analysis; background use for a matching technology and configuration
excluded_use	Standalone claim for an unqualified item; module or component production; non-ionizing-radiation instruments; full life-cycle results without explicit use, maintenance, recalibration, transport, and end-of-life scenarios; comparison across non-equivalent measurement functions or performance classes
required_metadata	Canonical PCR id; CPC reference; exact flow/property/unit-group UUIDs; all required qualifiers; product and included-accessory configuration; reference net mass; production and calibration sites; reporting period; in-house and outsourced process map; standards and calibration basis; allocation; upstream datasets and proxies; packaging; regulated materials and wastes
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground coverage; accepted-output denominator; bill-of-material and mass-balance completeness; meter and allocation coverage; calibration and test traceability; failed-test and rework treatment; proxy age, geography, and technology; packaging separation; regulated material and waste treatment; uncertainty and unresolved gaps
update_trigger	Change in detector principle, radiation type, measured quantity or range, performance or application class, product configuration, included probes/accessories/battery, material composition, electronics or enclosure route, calibration/test standard, firmware affecting measurement, production or calibration site, supplier mix, allocation method, reporting period representativeness, or regulated-substance/waste requirements

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-48241	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC subclass 48241, “Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionising radiations”, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Detail/EN/3/48241 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Official product-category identity and exclusion of component-only reference products
iec-61010-1-2010-amd1-2016	standard	IEC 61010-1:2010+AMD1:2016, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use — Part 1: General requirements, https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/4279 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	General scope of electrical measurement equipment and safety-related assembly and verification context
iec-62244-2019	standard	IEC 62244:2019, Radiation protection instrumentation — Installed radiation portal monitors for the detection of illicit trafficking of radioactive and nuclear materials, https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/32885 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Evidence that product-specific radiological, climatic, mechanical, electrical, electromagnetic, documentation, and test requirements vary with instrument application
iec-63465-2026	standard	IEC 63465:2026, Calibration and quality control in the use of radionuclide calibrators, https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/74730 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Calibration, quality control, test records, application-specific acceptance, and treatment of integral software and accessories for a covered instrument family
iaea-ssg-85-2023	official_guidance	International Atomic Energy Agency, Radiation Protection and Radioactive Waste Management in the Design and Operation of Research Reactors, Specific Safety Guide No. SSG-85, 2023, https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/PUB2049_web.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Instrument technical qualifiers, calibration traceability, certified sources, calibration periodicity, maintenance, and recalibration evidence
us-epa-pcb-pollution-prevention-1990	official_guidance	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Industry, EPA/625/7-90/007, 1990, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30004DTH.TXT (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Conditional printed-circuit-board process decomposition and associated spent baths, rinsewater, particulates, and other waste records
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations, http://data.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Functional unit, system boundary, material and energy flow completeness, packaging, allocation hierarchy, foreground data quality, and disclosure
eu-rohs-2011-65-consolidated-2021	standard	Directive 2011/65/EU on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, consolidated text 2021-11-01, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011L0065-20211101 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Applicable hazardous-substance and supplier material-declaration evidence for electrical monitoring and control instruments
eu-weee-2012-19-consolidated-2024	standard	Directive 2012/19/EU on waste electrical and electronic equipment, consolidated text 2024-04-08, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02012L0019-20240408 (retrieved 2026-08-10)	Separate electrical/electronic equipment waste, component and consumable treatment records, downstream boundary disclosure, and end-of-life scenario requirements