Air-conditioning machines

1. Scope and Applicability

This rule describes a factory-gate foreground data package for complete, electrically driven vapour-compression machines that cool or heat indoor air. Declare the actual model, capacity, indoor/outdoor configuration, compressor, heat-exchanger technology, refrigerant and factory operations. The room-air-conditioner manufacturing sequence in the DOE source is a representative route, not a universal bill of materials. Include each on-site operation when performed, and model each purchased alternative as a concrete upstream product in the data package. Exclude installation, operation, maintenance and end of life from this factory-gate inventory. [un-cpc-3-2025; eu-206-2012; us-doe-rac-1997-v2]

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.air-conditioning-machines
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43912, Air-conditioning machines
covered_products	Complete factory-accepted air-conditioning machines with an electric vapour-compression circuit for indoor-air cooling or heating.
excluded_products	Separate refrigeration/freezing equipment and heat pumps without the declared indoor-air-conditioning function; loose parts; fans alone; installation service.
representative_product	Factory-accepted R32-charged room air conditioner with sheet-metal cabinet and aluminium-fin/copper-tube exchanger.
production_route	Cabinet and exchanger fabrication when in house; final assembly, refrigerant charging and leak test; utilities; packaging.
market_state	Complete accepted machine at factory gate, before transport or installation.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provide a complete air-conditioning machine for indoor-air cooling or heating.
How much	One accepted complete machine of the declared configuration.
How well	Declare rated cooling/heating capacity, refrigerant, electrical supply and model; performance is product metadata, not a fixed PCR amount.
How long or cycle	At factory acceptance; no operational service life is assumed.
reference_flow_link	finished_machine

Field	Value
Reference amount	M
Reference product flow	Air-conditioning machines a38dcbe4-4dd1-4ce8-a67b-5455ff82e9e0
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model and configuration; rated cooling/heating capacity; refrigerant identity and factory charge; compressor and heat-exchanger technology; factory-gate acceptance state; manufacturing site and period

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete machine of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
electricity_unit	plant_electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Convert metered kWh to MJ using 3.6 MJ/kWh; preserve the original meter record and period.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased materials and parts enter the factory at receipt; in-house fabrication starts at issued stock.
starting_condition_role	Foreground factory gate; upstream products link to separate supplier datasets.
product_classification_scope	Complete air-conditioning machines, CPC 3.0 43912; components are separately classified inputs.
recursive_input_rule	If a complete machine is used as an input, disclose it and link its upstream dataset once rather than recursively re-counting the same manufacture.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each purchased atomic material, component, electricity and packaging input to a compatible upstream product dataset; keep plant operations foreground.
disclosure	Declare model, factory route, purchased versus in-house components, charge state, temporal/geographic coverage and excluded stages.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	all foreground processes	Include site fabrication when performed, assembly, charging, leak testing, packaging, attributable electricity, waste and direct refrigerant releases through factory acceptance.	us-doe-rac-1997-v2
boundary_exclusions	downstream stages	Report installation, operation, maintenance and end-of-life outside this factory-gate package; do not silently include use-phase leakage.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
cabinet_fabrication	Cabinet sheet fabrication	conditional	When the factory cuts/forms cold-rolled steel cabinet sheet.	foreground fabrication	per accepted machine
heat_exchanger_fabrication	Heat exchanger fabrication	conditional	When the factory forms aluminium fins and copper tube exchangers.	foreground fabrication	per accepted machine
final_assembly_test	Final assembly, charge and test	required	All covered machines; R32 charge and emission rows only for R32 models.	foreground assembly and test	per accepted machine
plant_utilities	Plant purchased electricity	required	Record electricity attributable to the declared foreground operations.	foreground utility	per accepted machine
packaging	Factory packaging and acceptance	required	Corrugated box row only when supplied.	foreground finishing	one accepted machine

Process: Cabinet sheet fabrication (cabinet_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Cold-rolled carbon steel sheet (steel_sheet)

Include only where the cabinet is fabricated from cold-rolled carbon-steel sheet at the site; purchased cabinets require their own atomic input identity.

• Selected flow: Cold-rolled carbon steel sheet
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record issued sheet mass for on-site cabinet fabrication.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steel_sheet
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Outputs

Waste flows

Steel scrap (steel_scrap)

Include only for on-site cabinet fabrication; keep externally recycled scrap as waste output before downstream treatment.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap b8179640-66c9-4734-80a4-bd2effc29b4b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh offcuts and rejected steel sent to waste handling.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steel_scrap
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Process: Heat exchanger fabrication (heat_exchanger_fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

aluminium sheet (aluminium_sheet)

Use this flow only for aluminium sheet thicker than 0.2 mm; thinner foil needs a separately reviewed flow.

• Selected flow: aluminium sheet 4f197be4-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record aluminium sheet issued to fin forming.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_aluminium_sheet
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Copper tubing (copper_tubing)

Include only when copper-tube heat exchangers are fabricated at the site.

• Selected flow: Copper tubing 0d80f4b8-8f26-4eee-8b81-df499c4c9dff
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record copper tube mass issued to heat-exchanger fabrication.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_copper_tubing
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Outputs

Process: Final assembly, charge and test (final_assembly_test)

Inputs

Product flows

Hermetic refrigeration compressor (compressor)

Use only for models with a purchased hermetic refrigeration compressor; other compressor designs need their own flow.

• Selected flow: Hermetic refrigeration compressor a2a3427c-5d93-494b-a1fd-bcab42fea432
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record installed compressor mass from model BOM and receipts.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_compressor
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Refrigerant R32 (difluoromethane) (r32_charge)

Conditional on declared R32 charge; never substitute R404A or an elementary emission flow for purchased refrigerant.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant R32 (difluoromethane)
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record R32 transferred into accepted R32-configured machines and test losses separately.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_r32_charge
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Electric axial-fan motor (fan_motor)

Purchased electric motor driving the axial fan; record its installed mass only when this separate motor is on the BOM.

• Selected flow: Electric axial-fan motor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect installed component mass from model BOM and receipt records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fan_motor
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Axial fan rotor (axial_fan_rotor)

Purchased axial fan rotor or impeller, excluding the separately recorded motor; include only when this component is installed.

• Selected flow: Axial fan rotor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect installed component mass from model BOM and receipt records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fan_rotor
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Electronic control printed circuit board assembly (control_board)

Purchased assembled electronic control board installed in the machine; use a separately verified identity if the control design differs.

• Selected flow: Electronic control printed circuit board assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect installed component mass from model BOM and receipt records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_control_board
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Moulded plastic front grille (plastic_front_grille)

Purchased front grille made of moulded plastic; disclose the actual resin and exclude this input when the grille is moulded within the site boundary.

• Selected flow: Moulded plastic front grille
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect installed component mass from model BOM and receipt records.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_plastic_grille
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Outputs

Elementary flows

HFC-32 (r32_to_air)

Conditional on R32 use and an evidenced release; TianGong has no Chinese baseName for this selected elementary flow.

• Selected flow: HFC-32 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-9ca4-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate actual unrecovered HFC-32 release to unspecified air from charging and leak testing.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_r32_emission
• Sources:

Process: Plant purchased electricity (plant_utilities)

Inputs

Product flows

Electricity (plant_electricity)

Include fabrication, assembly, charging, testing and packaging electricity within the declared site boundary.

• Selected flow: Electricity b989a649-ca09-44b8-abab-a069148d0b1e
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Record attributable purchased electricity in MJ; convert meter kWh by 3.6 MJ/kWh.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity
• Sources:

Outputs

Process: Factory packaging and acceptance (packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

corrugated board boxes (corrugated_box)

Include only if a corrugated box is supplied with the factory-gate product; exclude transport packaging from M.

• Selected flow: corrugated board boxes 4f197bec-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Record corrugated box mass issued for the accepted machine.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_box
• Sources: us-doe-rac-1997-v2

Outputs

Product flows

Air-conditioning machines (finished_machine)

One complete accepted machine of the declared configuration; M excludes transport packaging and includes factory-installed refrigerant.

• Selected flow: Air-conditioning machines a38dcbe4-4dd1-4ce8-a67b-5455ff82e9e0
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: M kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-3-2025

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
allocation_shared_energy	shared plant electricity	Prefer submetered model-specific electricity. Where shared, allocate measured electricity by logged machine-hours for the same period; disclose the denominator and uncertainty.
allocation_steel_scrap	steel scrap	Record steel scrap as a separate waste output. Do not credit avoided virgin steel within the factory-gate foreground inventory; disclose downstream recycling separately.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_steel_sheet	cabinet_fabrication	steel_sheet	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable steel_sheet / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_steel_scrap	cabinet_fabrication	steel_scrap	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable steel_scrap / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_aluminium_sheet	heat_exchanger_fabrication	aluminium_sheet	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable aluminium_sheet / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_copper_tubing	heat_exchanger_fabrication	copper_tubing	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable copper_tubing / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_compressor	final_assembly_test	compressor	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable compressor / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_fan_motor	final_assembly_test	fan_motor	component receipt and BOM	model; configuration; installed component mass; accepted count	Reconcile component receipts, model BOM and assembly issue records.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	installed fan_motor mass / accepted machines	receipt, BOM and assembly record
cp_fan_rotor	final_assembly_test	axial_fan_rotor	component receipt and BOM	model; configuration; installed component mass; accepted count	Reconcile component receipts, model BOM and assembly issue records.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	installed axial_fan_rotor mass / accepted machines	receipt, BOM and assembly record
cp_control_board	final_assembly_test	control_board	component receipt and BOM	model; configuration; installed component mass; accepted count	Reconcile component receipts, model BOM and assembly issue records.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	installed control_board mass / accepted machines	receipt, BOM and assembly record
cp_plastic_grille	final_assembly_test	plastic_front_grille	component receipt and BOM	model; configuration; installed component mass; accepted count	Reconcile component receipts, model BOM and assembly issue records.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	installed plastic_front_grille mass / accepted machines	receipt, BOM and assembly record
cp_r32_charge	final_assembly_test	r32_charge	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable r32_charge / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_electricity	plant_utilities	plant_electricity	meter and production ledger	meter reading; period; machine-hours	Read calibrated meter or ledger, convert kWh to MJ, and allocate by logged machine-hours.	MJ	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable plant_electricity / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_r32_emission	final_assembly_test	r32_to_air	refrigerant mass balance ledger	R32 issued for test and charge; retained in accepted machines; recovered mass; returned mass; waste dispatch mass; accepted count	Reconcile charging, leak-test, recovery and stock records for the same period and calculate unrecovered release to air.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	released R32 mass / accepted machines	charge, recovery, stock and waste records
cp_box	packaging	corrugated_box	material or waste ledger	model; configuration; lot; issued mass; returned mass; accepted count	Reconcile lot and model-specific issue, return, recovery and dispatch records; weigh where direct mass is unavailable.	kg	each production lot	production period	factory site	attributable corrugated_box / accepted machines	meter, BOM, stock and recovery reconciliation
cp_mass	packaging	finished_machine	weighing record	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete machine on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	each accepted machine	production period	factory site	accepted net mass per machine	calibration and acceptance record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
r32_mass_balance	r32_to_air	Released R32 = R32 issued for charging and tests - R32 retained in accepted machines - R32 recovered - R32 returned to stock - R32 sent off-site as waste.	R32 issue; retained charge; recovery; returns; waste dispatch	kg HFC-32 to air

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_configuration	all inventory rows	Use one declared model/configuration and production period; verify accepted machine count and purchased-versus-fabricated route.	BOM, acceptance and process records
dq_refrigerant	r32_charge; r32_to_air	Reconcile R32 purchase, factory charge, recovery, waste and stocks; disclose unmeasured losses rather than force zero.	charge and recovery logs
dq_mass	finished_machine	Retain calibrated net-mass measurement for the same accepted configuration; exclude shipping packaging.	cp_mass record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
validate_reference	finished_machine	Confirm one finished machine output equals measured M kg and matches the reference UUID, model and acceptance record.
validate_balance	materials and refrigerant	Check material and R32 issue/return balances, record waste and fugitive release separately, and explain any residual.
validate_identity	all UUID-bearing rows	Use only verified public state-100 flow identities with matching product state, property, unit and classification; keep unresolved rows blank.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground data package for complete factory-gate air-conditioning machine production
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review
allowed_use	Model the declared machine configuration and factory route; link compatible upstream datasets.
excluded_use	Do not infer use-phase efficiency or refrigerant leakage from this production inventory.
required_metadata	model; configuration; capacity; refrigerant and charge; factory route; site and period; measured M; accepted count
required_quality_disclosure	coverage, allocation, mass-balance residuals, unresolved flow identities and absent empirical ranges
update_trigger	model, refrigerant, BOM, fabrication route, site or meter boundary changes

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	UNSD, CPC Version 3.0 Structure (30 June 2025), https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	CPC 43912 identity and separation from adjacent classes; verified original row 2205
eu-206-2012	standard	Commission Regulation (EU) No 206/2012, Article 2(1), 2017 consolidated text archived from UK legislation.gov.uk at https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/EUR_2012-206.pdf	Representative electric vapour-compression air-conditioner definition; regulation scope is narrower than this PCR
us-doe-rac-1997-v2	official_guidance	U.S. DOE / LBNL, Technical Support Document for Energy Conservation Standards for Room Air Conditioners, Volume 2 (September 1997), p. 1-2, https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/pdfs/tsdracv2.pdf	Representative room-air-conditioner manufacturing sequence and materials; no generic quantity range