Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of iron or non-alloy steel

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs production of mill-gate iron or non-alloy steel angles, shapes and sections whose last shape-forming operation is hot rolling, hot drawing or hot extrusion. It applies to solid long products such as angle, channel, I, H, T and other open or solid section geometries. The foreground starts with a declared semi-finished non-alloy steel billet, bloom or beam blank suitable for the selected route and ends with cooled, straightened and cut-to-commercial-length sections ready to leave the producing mill.

The foreground excludes ironmaking, steelmaking and casting of the semi-finished input; cold forming or cold finishing; welding; pickling and oiling as a marketed finish; metallic or organic coating; fabrication, drilling, machining or assembly; packaging unless brought into the study scope; outbound transport; installation; use; and end-of-life. Alloy-steel sections, welded sections, sheet piling when classified as a distinct welded or piling product, hollow sections, bars, rods, rails and flat-rolled products are outside this category. The upstream burden of the semi-finished steel input remains required through a supplier-specific or representative upstream dataset.

Exactly one hot-forming route must be declared for a product batch. Route-specific processes that do not occur are marked not_applicable; their flows are not silently combined with the selected route.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.angles-shapes-and-sections-not-further-worked-than-hot-rolled-hot-drawn-or-extruded-of-648d999d
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 41251 (exact classification context; mapping acceptance is governed separately)
covered_products	Solid iron or non-alloy steel angles, channels, I-sections, H-sections, T-sections and other open or solid sections, not further worked beyond hot rolling, hot drawing or hot extrusion
excluded_products	Cold-formed, cold-finished or otherwise further-worked sections; alloy-steel sections; welded sections; sheet piling when a distinct product; hollow sections; rails; bars and rods; coated, fabricated or assembled products
representative_product	Mill-length non-alloy structural steel section with declared grade and cross-sectional geometry
production_route	One declared route: hot rolling, hot drawing or hot extrusion; common reheating and final cooling/cutting are included
market_state	Uncoated, unwelded, unfabricated solid section at producing-mill gate, supplied at declared commercial length, surface condition and heat-treatment state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of an iron or non-alloy steel angle, shape or section at the producing-mill gate
How much	1,000 kg net saleable section product
How well	Conforming to the declared steel grade, cross-sectional geometry, dimensional tolerance, surface condition and mechanical-property specification
How long or cycle	One production batch through one declared hot-forming route to mill-gate release
reference_flow_link	angles_shapes_sections_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1,000 kg net saleable product
Reference product flow	Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of iron or non-alloy steel
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	steel grade and standard; section geometry and dimensions; hot-forming route; feedstock form and incoming temperature; heat-treatment state; surface condition; commercial length; producing site and geography; production period; allocation and internal-recycling treatment

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

The exact reference-product Tiangong UUID is unresolved. Do not substitute a generic steel, bar, alloy-steel, welded-section or consumption-mix proxy.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_product_mass	reference product and all steel-bearing inputs and outputs	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine mass on calibrated scales or from a documented length-by-section-mass calculation verified against batch weighing; normalize the net conforming output to 1,000 kg.
electricity_energy	electricity consumed by included foreground processes	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Preserve meter records in their original unit and convert kWh to MJ using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not mix generated, purchased and exported electricity.
fuel_gas_volume	gaseous natural gas delivered to reheating	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State the meter reference temperature, pressure and dry/wet basis; convert supplier billing volumes only with the documented supplier conversion.
route_and_hot_charge	route-specific inventory and reheating	declared route and feedstock temperature	route code and °C	Record exactly one hot-forming route and the incoming feedstock temperature. Do not apply cold-charge reheating values to a hot-charged batch.
water_boundary	descaling and cooling water	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	Report net make-up water crossing the foreground boundary separately from internally recirculated water; do not count the same recirculated volume as repeated input.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Semi-finished iron or non-alloy steel billet, bloom or beam blank at the section-producing site, with mass, grade, geometry, supplier, casting/steelmaking dataset, incoming temperature and surface condition declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the gate-to-gate section-forming foreground
product_classification_scope	Solid angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel whose last shape-forming operation is hot rolling, hot drawing or hot extrusion
recursive_input_rule	If an input is already a product in this same category, record it as a separately identified upstream product dataset and exclude its prior section-forming burden from this foreground to prevent recursion
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each semi-finished steel input to supplier-specific primary data where available; otherwise use and disclose a geographically and technologically representative steelmaking-and-casting dataset
disclosure	Declare route, feedstock form and incoming temperature, heating technology and fuel, descaling method, cooling method, section geometry, yield, residue destinations, internal recycling, allocation and all exclusions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_included_operations	foreground gate-to-gate system	Include feedstock receipt, reheating, applicable descaling, exactly one declared hot-forming route, cooling, straightening, cutting and management of resulting scrap, scale, sludge and captured dust.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; cn-nbs-industry-classification-2017
boundary_upstream_steel	semi-finished steel input	Keep ironmaking, steelmaking and casting outside the foreground, but link the received semi-finished product to an upstream dataset with compatible grade, route, geography and delivery state.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
boundary_excluded_further_work	downstream operations	Exclude cold forming/finishing, welding, pickling and oiling as a marketed finish, coating, fabrication, distribution, use and end-of-life unless a broader study explicitly adds and labels them outside this PCR foreground.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
boundary_internal_recirculation	water and recovered material	Record internally recirculated water and material as internal transfers for engineering checks, but inventory only their net boundary crossings; disclose the calculation and recovery destination.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
feedstock_receipt	Semi-finished steel receipt	required	Always included	Establish eligible input identity and mass	kg received semi-finished steel per 1,000 kg saleable output
feedstock_reheating	Feedstock reheating	required	Always included; hot-charge condition and supplemental heating must be declared	Bring feedstock to forming temperature	Fuel and electricity per 1,000 kg saleable output
descaling	Descaling and scale-water treatment	conditional	Include when water, mechanical or another descaling operation is used within the foreground	Remove adherent scale before or during forming	Net water, electricity and residues per 1,000 kg saleable output
hot_rolling	Section hot rolling	conditional	Include only when declared route = hot rolling	Roughing, intermediate and finishing deformation in section stands	Electricity, lubricant and rolling residues per 1,000 kg saleable output
hot_drawing	Section hot drawing	conditional	Include only when declared route = hot drawing	Hot drawing through the declared die train	Electricity, lubricant and route residues per 1,000 kg saleable output
hot_extrusion	Section hot extrusion	conditional	Include only when declared route = hot extrusion	Hot extrusion through the declared die and press line	Electricity, lubricant and route residues per 1,000 kg saleable output
final_cooling_cutting	Cooling, straightening and final cutting	required	Always included; water cooling is conditional on actual operation	Produce saleable commercial-length sections	1,000 kg net saleable output

Process: Semi-finished steel receipt (feedstock_receipt)

Inputs

Product flows

Eligible semi-finished non-alloy steel (semi_finished_non_alloy_steel_input)

Record the physical semi-finished steel that crosses the site boundary into this foreground. Keep grades, feedstock geometries and supplier datasets separate when their upstream burdens differ materially.

• Selected flow: Semi-finished non-alloy steel billet, bloom or beam blank
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured received mass assigned to the declared product batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Process: Feedstock reheating (feedstock_reheating)

Inputs

Product flows

Gaseous natural gas supplied to the reheating furnace (reheating_natural_gas_input)

Record natural gas crossing the furnace supply boundary when the declared reheating equipment consumes it. State volume reference conditions and exclude gas used by upstream steelmaking.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered natural-gas volume assigned to eligible reheating campaigns; not_applicable when no natural gas is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Alternating-current electricity supplied to reheating (reheating_electricity_input)

Record electricity used by electric or induction heating and furnace auxiliaries at the declared meter boundary. Do not select a voltage-specific market UUID until site qualifiers are known.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered or allocated electricity for eligible reheating campaigns; not_applicable only when demonstrably absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Outputs

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from reheating (reheating_fossil_co2_air)

Record direct fossil carbon dioxide released by included reheating fuel combustion using stack measurements or a facility emissions record traceable to the furnace fuel inventory.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured or facility-calculated direct fossil CO2 assigned to eligible reheating campaigns; not_applicable when no fossil fuel is used
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Nitrogen oxides from reheating to air (reheating_nitrogen_oxides_air)

Record the monitored nitrogen-oxides elementary emission with the reported species convention, oxygen reference, dry/wet basis and abatement boundary.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: stack-monitoring result assigned to eligible reheating campaigns; not_applicable only when the emission is demonstrably absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Carbon monoxide from reheating to air (reheating_carbon_monoxide_air)

Record the monitored carbon-monoxide elementary emission with the oxygen reference, dry/wet basis and abatement boundary.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: stack-monitoring result assigned to eligible reheating campaigns; not_applicable only when the emission is demonstrably absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Descaling and scale-water treatment (descaling)

Inputs

Product flows

Descaling process water (descaling_process_water_input)

Record only net make-up process water crossing the foreground boundary for high-pressure or other wet descaling. Internal recirculation is an engineering transfer, not repeated input.

• Selected flow: Descaling process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered net make-up water assigned to eligible descaling campaigns; not_applicable for a dry route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Alternating-current electricity supplied to descaling (descaling_electricity_input)

Record electricity for descaling pumps and included scale-water treatment at the declared sub-meter boundary.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered or documented allocation of electricity to eligible descaling campaigns; not_applicable when the process is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Outputs

Waste flows

Separately collected mill scale (descaling_mill_scale_output)

Record mill scale removed from the steel and collected from descaling or water treatment. Declare oil content, moisture, internal return, external recovery or disposal destination.

• Selected flow: Mill scale aad763e2-78ab-4fcb-8a3b-8d8525c9e6ca
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet and dry mass with moisture basis declared, assigned to eligible production
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Oily ferrous sludge from scale-water treatment (descaling_oily_sludge_output)

Record the distinct oily ferrous sludge stream when generated by treatment of descaling water. Keep it separate from dry scale and declare oil, water and solids content.

• Selected flow: Oily ferrous sludge from descaling-water treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet mass and documented composition assigned to eligible production; not_applicable when no oily sludge is generated
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Section hot rolling (hot_rolling)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating-current electricity supplied to section rolling (hot_rolling_electricity_input)

Record electricity for the included roughing, intermediate, finishing and direct line-drive equipment at the declared meter boundary. Supplier, geography, voltage, technology and delivery boundary remain mandatory qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered electricity assigned to the eligible hot-rolling campaign; not_applicable for the other hot-forming routes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Rolling lubricant oil (hot_rolling_lubricant_oil_input)

Record the mass of the supplier-declared rolling lubricant oil that crosses the foreground boundary and is consumed by the section rolling line.

• Selected flow: Hot rolling oil b6d54639-2da8-49b3-89d2-e14324bb14c8
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchase-and-issue balance assigned to eligible hot-rolling campaigns; not_applicable when no lubricant is consumed
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lubricant_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Outputs

Waste flows

Clean steel crop ends from hot rolling (hot_rolling_crop_end_scrap_output)

Record crop ends and rolling rejects as a distinct non-alloy steel scrap stream. Declare internal remelting, external recovery or disposal without applying an undisclosed avoided-burden credit.

• Selected flow: Non-alloy steel crop-end scrap from hot rolling
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap mass assigned to the eligible hot-rolling campaign
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Elementary flows

Particulate matter released from section rolling (hot_rolling_particulate_air)

Record the monitored particulate-matter elementary emission from included rolling and handling sources. Declare particle-size convention, capture boundary and whether the amount is measured before or after abatement.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter, unspecified size, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: monitored emission assigned to the eligible hot-rolling campaign; not_applicable only when demonstrably absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air_emissions_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Process: Section hot drawing (hot_drawing)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating-current electricity supplied to hot drawing (hot_drawing_electricity_input)

Record electricity for the declared hot-drawing line at its meter boundary. Do not reuse a voltage-specific consumption-mix UUID without site qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered electricity assigned to the eligible hot-drawing campaign; not_applicable for the other hot-forming routes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: cn-nbs-industry-classification-2017

Hot-drawing lubricant (hot_drawing_lubricant_input)

Record the mass of the supplier-declared lubricant product consumed by the hot-drawing route; retain its formulation and safety data with the foreground records.

• Selected flow: Hot-drawing lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchase-and-issue balance assigned to eligible hot-drawing campaigns; not_applicable when the route or lubricant is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lubricant_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Waste flows

Steel trim and reject scrap from hot drawing (hot_drawing_steel_scrap_output)

Record non-alloy steel trim and rejected material from the hot-drawing route as a distinct scrap stream with destination declared.

• Selected flow: Non-alloy steel trim and reject scrap from hot drawing
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap mass assigned to the eligible hot-drawing campaign; not_applicable for the other routes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Process: Section hot extrusion (hot_extrusion)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating-current electricity supplied to hot extrusion (hot_extrusion_electricity_input)

Record electricity for the declared hot-extrusion press, drives and included auxiliaries at the meter boundary. Do not reuse a voltage-specific consumption-mix UUID without site qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered electricity assigned to the eligible hot-extrusion campaign; not_applicable for the other hot-forming routes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: cn-nbs-industry-classification-2017

Hot-extrusion lubricant (hot_extrusion_lubricant_input)

Record the mass of the supplier-declared lubricant product consumed by the hot-extrusion route; retain its formulation and safety data with the foreground records.

• Selected flow: Hot-extrusion lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: purchase-and-issue balance assigned to eligible hot-extrusion campaigns; not_applicable when the route or lubricant is absent
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lubricant_records
• Sources:

Outputs

Waste flows

Steel butt, trim and reject scrap from hot extrusion (hot_extrusion_steel_scrap_output)

Record non-alloy steel butt, trim and rejected material from the hot-extrusion route as a distinct scrap stream with destination declared.

• Selected flow: Non-alloy steel butt, trim and reject scrap from hot extrusion
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured scrap mass assigned to the eligible hot-extrusion campaign; not_applicable for the other routes
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

Process: Cooling, straightening and final cutting (final_cooling_cutting)

Inputs

Product flows

Alternating-current electricity supplied to finishing (finishing_electricity_input)

Record electricity used by cooling-bed auxiliaries, straightening, saws and included material handling at the declared meter boundary.

• Selected flow: Alternating current
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: sub-metered or documented allocation of electricity to eligible finishing campaigns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Make-up cooling water (finishing_cooling_water_input)

Record net make-up water crossing the foreground boundary for direct or indirect product cooling; internal recirculation is not repeated as input.

• Selected flow: Make-up cooling water
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: metered net make-up water assigned to eligible finishing campaigns; not_applicable when cooling is dry
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_meter_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022

Outputs

Product flows

Net saleable angles, shapes and sections (angles_shapes_sections_output)

Record conforming product released at the mill gate after cooling, straightening and cutting. The amount is the denominator for every normalized inventory exchange.

• Selected flow: Angles, shapes and sections, not further worked than hot-rolled, hot-drawn or extruded, of iron or non-alloy steel
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: 1,000 kg measured net conforming saleable output
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: reference product at producing-mill gate
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_records
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-2025; worldsteel-sections-eco-profile-2023

Waste flows

Steel offcuts from final cutting (finishing_steel_offcuts_output)

Record commercial-length saw offcuts and final dimensional rejects separately from route-specific crop ends, with internal remelting or external destination declared.

• Selected flow: Non-alloy steel offcuts from final cutting
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured offcut and final-reject mass assigned to eligible finishing campaigns
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg net saleable section output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_mass_records
• Sources: ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_by_subdivision	shared meters and multi-product campaigns	Prefer process subdivision and direct metering. Where a shared flow cannot be subdivided, allocate by a documented physical driver that represents causality, such as measured operating time and power for electricity or processed hot mass for furnace fuel; disclose the driver and sensitivity.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_internal_recovery	internally recirculated scrap, scale, water and lubricant	Record the material as an output from the generating process and an input to the receiving process for internal engineering balance, then report only the net crossing of the foreground boundary in the product inventory.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
allocation_external_recovery	scrap, scale, sludge and dust leaving the site	Classify an exported residue as material for recovery or co-product only when its destination and market use are documented. Otherwise model its actual waste treatment. Do not embed an undisclosed avoided-burden or end-of-life credit in this gate-to-gate dataset.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017; ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
allocation_route_separation	hot rolling, hot drawing and hot extrusion	Do not average mutually exclusive routes unless the dataset explicitly represents a production-weighted mix with route shares and separate underlying inventories.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_records	feedstock_receipt; final_cooling_cutting	steel input and conforming product mass	weighbridge, batch scale and production certificate	batch_id; grade; feedstock_geometry; product_geometry; gross_mass; tare_mass; net_mass; timestamp; scale_id	calibrated weighing with length-by-section-mass cross-check where used	kg	each batch	representative 12 consecutive months	all included lines and saleable products	sum eligible mass by batch and normalize to certified net saleable output	calibration certificates; weigh tickets; production certificates; reconciliation log
cp_fuel_meter_records	feedstock_reheating	natural gas input	furnace fuel meter and supplier invoice	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; reference_temperature; reference_pressure; dry_wet_basis; campaign_id	reconcile furnace meter with invoice and operating log	m3	each campaign with monthly reconciliation	representative 12 consecutive months	all included reheating furnaces	subtract non-production use and allocate only with disclosed physical driver	meter calibration; invoices; reconciliation and outage logs
cp_electricity_meter_records	all included processes	electricity input	revenue meter and sub-meter	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; unit; process_id; campaign_id; operating_time	process sub-meter preferred; reconcile with site meter	kWh or MJ	each campaign with monthly reconciliation	representative 12 consecutive months	all included foreground equipment	convert kWh to MJ and normalize eligible consumption to net saleable output	meter calibration; single-line diagram; reconciliation record
cp_water_meter_records	descaling; final_cooling_cutting	net make-up water	make-up water meter and water-balance log	meter_id; opening_reading; closing_reading; water_quality; circuit_id; discharge_or_loss; campaign_id	measure boundary make-up and exclude internal recirculation	m3	daily or each campaign with monthly balance	representative 12 consecutive months	all included water circuits	net boundary input divided by eligible net saleable output	meter calibration; water-balance diagram; reconciliation log
cp_lubricant_records	route-specific forming process	consumed lubricant product	purchase, store issue and return record	product_id; supplier; formulation_reference; opening_stock; receipts; issues; returns; closing_stock; campaign_id	mass balance of stock and line issues	kg	each issue with monthly reconciliation	representative 12 consecutive months	selected route and included lines	consumption = opening + receipts - returns - closing, assigned to eligible campaign	invoices; store ledger; safety data sheet; stock reconciliation
cp_residue_mass_records	all included processes	scrap, scale, sludge and offcut output	container scale, dispatch ticket and residue analysis	residue_id; row_id; wet_mass; moisture; oil_content; dry_solids; destination; internal_or_external; batch_id	weigh each dispatch or container; retain composition basis	kg	each container or dispatch	representative 12 consecutive months	all included residue collection points	aggregate each distinct stream and destination; do not net unlike residues	scale calibration; dispatch tickets; laboratory results; recycler receipt
cp_air_emissions_records	feedstock_reheating; hot_rolling	direct elementary emissions	continuous or periodic stack monitoring and facility emissions record	source_id; pollutant; concentration; gas_flow; oxygen_reference; dry_wet_basis; abatement_state; operating_time; campaign_id	approved monitoring method with production-time alignment	kg	continuous or permit-defined campaign sampling	representative 12 consecutive months	all included point and documented fugitive sources	integrate mass emission over eligible operation and normalize to net saleable output	monitoring reports; instrument calibration; permit records; calculation workbook

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory row	normalized amount = eligible row amount × 1,000 kg / eligible net saleable product mass	eligible row amount; eligible net saleable output mass	row amount per 1,000 kg reference product
calc_electricity_conversion	electricity meter records	electricity (MJ) = electricity (kWh) × 3.6	kWh meter difference	MJ electricity
calc_net_water_input	descaling and cooling water	net make-up water = measured water entering the circuit from outside the foreground; internal recirculation is excluded from repeated input	make-up meter; circuit balance; discharge and evaporation records	m3 net make-up water	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022
calc_steel_mass_balance	complete foreground	received semi-finished steel mass = saleable product mass + separately measured scrap + offcuts + scale + sludge dry iron-bearing solids + captured dust + other disclosed steel-bearing losses, after inventory change	steel input; product output; all steel-bearing residues; stock change	reconciled steel mass balance and unexplained difference	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
calc_route_gate	route-specific rows	exactly one of hot rolling, hot drawing or hot extrusion is active for a batch; rows for the other two routes are not_applicable, not zero-filled measured values	declared route; batch id; process log	route-consistent inventory	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference product and feedstock	Retain grade, standard, geometry, route, heat-treatment state, surface condition, commercial length and upstream feedstock dataset for every represented product family.	production certificate; order specification; supplier dataset link
dq_temporal_representativeness	all foreground data	Use a representative 12-consecutive-month period covering normal operation, maintenance and product mix; justify shorter or abnormal periods.	dated meter exports; production calendar; deviation statement; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
dq_completeness	all included processes	Reconcile site totals to process records and document every excluded meter, residue stream, emission source and downtime adjustment.	reconciliation workbook; source map; exclusion register
dq_route_separation	route-specific production	Keep hot-rolling, hot-drawing and hot-extrusion batches separate unless a documented production-weighted route mix is the declared dataset object.	route code; batch genealogy; weighted aggregation workbook
dq_mass_balance	steel-bearing flows	Perform and retain a steel mass balance and investigate unexplained differences before release.	signed mass-balance workbook; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
dq_uuid_status	Tiangong references	Use only directly read public state_code 100 UUIDs with matching flow type, state, property, unit group and qualifiers; leave unresolved identities empty rather than using proxies.	UUID audit record and unresolved manifest entries

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	product category	Fail if the product is alloy steel, welded, hollow, cold-formed/cold-finished, coated or otherwise further worked beyond the declared hot-forming route, or if grade and section geometry are missing.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
validate_reference_amount	reference flow	Require exactly 1,000 kg net conforming saleable output and Mass property/unit consistency.	worldsteel-sections-eco-profile-2023
validate_route_exclusivity	process inventory	Require exactly one active route among hot rolling, hot drawing and hot extrusion for each batch; require the other route rows to be not_applicable.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
validate_boundary	system boundary	Require a linked upstream dataset for the semi-finished steel input and exclude upstream steelmaking from the foreground; require disclosure of any broader added processes.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validate_mass_balance	steel-bearing flows	Require a reconciled steel mass balance covering product, crop ends, offcuts, scale, sludge, dust and other declared losses; unresolved differences must be explained.	worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validate_energy_water	electricity, fuel and water	Require meter boundaries, unit conversions, gas reference conditions and net-make-up water treatment to be documented; reject repeated counting of recirculated water.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validate_residue_destination	scrap, scale, sludge and dust	Require separate mass and destination for each residue stream; reject an undisclosed recovery credit or a combined residue total.	ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022; worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017
validate_uuid_and_ranges	flow identities and numerical guidance	Reject proxy or non-public UUIDs. Treat missing exact UUIDs and missing two-source range evidence as explicit unresolved review items, not permission to invent identities or ranges.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Gate-to-gate foreground production dataset for hot-formed iron or non-alloy steel sections
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and when combined with a compatible upstream semi-finished-steel dataset
allowed_use	Product and building LCAs, EPD modelling and supply-chain studies that need a route- and site-qualified mill-gate section-forming inventory
excluded_use	Stand-alone cradle-to-gate steel production without an upstream feedstock dataset; alloy-steel, welded, hollow, cold-finished, coated or fabricated section products; unqualified cross-route comparisons
required_metadata	PCR id and version; site and geography; production period; steel grade and standard; section geometry and commercial length; feedstock form, supplier dataset and incoming temperature; hot-forming route; furnace fuel and technology; descaling and cooling methods; meter boundaries; allocation; residue destinations; unresolved UUIDs
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data coverage; meter and scale calibration; mass-balance result; route shares if aggregated; temporal and technological representativeness; upstream dataset choice; exclusions; allocation sensitivity; emission-monitoring basis
update_trigger	Change in steel grade family, feedstock source or state, forming route, furnace fuel/technology, descaling or cooling circuit, section-mill configuration, allocation, residue destination, or a material change in annual normalized inventory

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, CPC 41251. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Product identity, allowed hot-forming states and exclusions
ec-jrc-fmp-bref-2022	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Ferrous Metals Processing Industry, EUR 31321 EN, 2022. https://doi.org/10.2760/196475 (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Downstream boundary, structural/section mill process map, descaling, cooling, water circuits, emissions and residues
worldsteel-lci-methodology-2017	method_factor	World Steel Association, Life Cycle Inventory Methodology Report for Steel Products, 2017, ISBN 978-2-930069-89-0. https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Life-cycle-inventory-methodology-report.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Factory-gate data production, external semi-finished inputs, material recovery, allocation disclosure, quality and mass-balance validation
worldsteel-sections-eco-profile-2023	dataset	World Steel Association, Global Sections - Construction LCA eco-profile, publication date June 2023. https://worldsteel.org/wider-sustainability/life-cycle-thinking/lca-eco-profiles-2024-release/global-sections-construction/ (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Representative structural-section identity and 1 metric tonne declared-unit precedent
cn-nbs-industry-classification-2017	official_guidance	National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2017 National Economic Industry Classification Annotation, class 3130 Steel rolling processing. https://www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/tjbz/gjtjbz/202008/P020200811608157848094.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-03)	Professional Chinese terminology and rolling/extrusion production context