Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing less than 85% by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to foreground production of non-retail yarn, other than sewing thread, made from a declared staple-fibre blend in which artificial staple fibres are present but account for less than 85% of total fibre mass. The product is assessed at the spinning-mill gate as net yarn mass at a declared conditioning or moisture state.

The core foreground boundary begins with a mixed staple-fibre sliver ready for drawing and ends with conforming yarn after spinning and winding. Fibre manufacture, preparation of the incoming mixed sliver, dyeing, wet finishing, fabric manufacture, retail packaging, use, and end-of-life remain outside the core boundary and require linked datasets when included in a study. An integrated site must disclose and model any additional operation separately.

This PCR excludes sewing thread, yarn containing 85% or more artificial staple fibres by mass, yarn put up for retail sale, filament yarn, and products whose artificial-fibre share or constituent-fibre composition is not documented.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.yarn-and-thread-woven-and-tufted-textile-fabrics.yarn-other-than-sewing-thread-of-artificial-staple-fibres-containing-less-than-85-by-we-91af20fd
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 26461 (exact)
covered_products	Yarn other than sewing thread, containing artificial staple fibres at less than 85% of total fibre mass, and not put up for retail sale
excluded_products	Sewing thread; yarn with artificial staple fibres at 85% or more by mass; retail-sale yarn; filament yarn; yarn without verified fibre-composition records
representative_product	Ring-spun blended yarn containing a declared artificial staple-fibre fraction below 85% by mass, supplied at the spinning-mill gate and not put up for retail sale
production_route	Mixed-sliver drawing, roving, staple-fibre spinning, optional twisting when required by the product specification, and winding
market_state	Finished non-retail yarn at spinning-mill gate; net yarn mass reported separately from any carrier or packaging

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Conforming non-retail yarn, other than sewing thread, produced from a declared staple-fibre blend containing artificial staple fibres below 85% by mass
How much	1 kg net yarn
How well	Meets the declared yarn count, composition, spinning system, twist, conditioning or moisture state, and commercial quality specification
How long or cycle	One declared production lot at the spinning-mill gate
reference_flow_link	reference_yarn_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing less than 85% by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale 2fde586f-9999-4f3e-8022-fe0d8a19e270
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	artificial staple-fibre type and mass fraction; every other fibre constituent and mass fraction; yarn count; spinning system; twist specification; dyed or undyed state; conditioning or moisture state; production geography; production-lot period; non-retail market state; net-mass treatment of carriers and packaging

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product descriptions, or an equivalent data-package field. A missing composition, moisture-state, or market-state qualifier makes the reference-flow definition incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report 1 kg net conforming yarn at the declared conditioning or moisture state; exclude the mass of cones, reusable carriers, and packaging.
constituent_mass	incoming sliver and yarn constituents	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Determine each constituent mass on one consistent conditioning or moisture basis and retain the measurement basis with the lot record.
electricity_energy	purchased alternating-current electricity	Energy	kWh	Record meter-based electricity for the production period and disclose voltage level, grid geography, and whether on-site generation is separately metered.
waste_mass	fibre fly and off-spec yarn	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Weigh each waste stream separately and retain its destination and recovery or treatment status.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Mixed staple-fibre sliver with documented constituent masses and an artificial-staple-fibre fraction below 85% by mass, received ready for drawing
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to the foreground spinning process
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 code 26461 finished yarn only; the incoming sliver remains an upstream intermediate product
recursive_input_rule	A same-category yarn input must remain a visible product input linked to its own upstream dataset and must not be folded into the reference output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each incoming mixed-sliver lot to a supplier-specific or representative upstream dataset that discloses constituent fibres, composition, conditioning or moisture basis, geography, and preparation boundary
disclosure	Declare all integrated operations added before sliver drawing or after yarn winding, including dyeing, wet finishing, carrier production, or packaging

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_core_route	foreground spinning system	Include drawing, roving, spinning, product-required twisting, winding, directly consumed electricity, directly applied spinning lubricant, and separately measured process wastes from receipt of mixed sliver through conforming yarn at the mill gate.	jrc-textiles-bref-2023
boundary_upstream_sliver	incoming mixed staple-fibre sliver	Keep manufacture of constituent fibres and preparation of the received mixed sliver outside the core foreground process, but require linked upstream datasets and composition disclosure.	jrc-textiles-bref-2023
boundary_product_scope	reference product	Apply the category only when the yarn is not sewing thread, is not put up for retail sale, and contains artificial staple fibres below 85% of total fibre mass.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
staple_spinning_winding	Staple-fibre spinning and winding	required	Incoming mixed sliver meets the declared starting condition	Foreground unit process converting mixed sliver into finished non-retail yarn	1 kg net conforming yarn output

Process: Staple-fibre spinning and winding (staple_spinning_winding)

This process covers drawing and roving of the received mixed sliver, staple-fibre spinning, product-required twisting, and winding. Route details and machine technology must be declared for the represented production lot.

Inputs

Product flows

Mixed staple-fibre sliver input (mixed_staple_fibre_sliver_input)

One declared mixed-sliver product enters the process. Its constituent-fibre mass fractions are lot attributes; the selected flow is the physical blend received at the mill, not a list or selector of possible fibres.

• Selected flow: Mixed staple-fibre sliver with declared artificial-staple-fibre fraction below 85% by mass
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure the mass issued to the represented production lot on the same conditioning or moisture basis used for the yarn mass balance.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mixed_sliver_receipts
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Purchased alternating-current electricity input (purchased_ac_electricity_input)

One facility-metered electricity scenario supplies the spinning and winding equipment. Voltage level and grid geography are mandatory scenario attributes and must not be replaced by an unspecified electricity flow.

• Selected flow: Purchased alternating-current electricity at the facility meter with declared voltage level and grid geography
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record the metered electricity attributable to the represented production lot or allocate a shared meter using the documented causal production driver.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Staple-fibre spinning lubricant input (staple_spinning_lubricant_input)

Record one declared lubricant product when lubricant is directly applied within the foreground process. The product or formulation identity must be retained; oils used for other fibre or filament routes are not interchangeable.

• Selected flow: Staple-fibre spinning lubricant used in the declared production lot
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure lubricant withdrawn less documented returns for the represented production lot; record zero only when operating records demonstrate that no lubricant is applied within this process.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_spinning_lubricant
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Paperboard yarn cone input (paperboard_yarn_cone_input)

Record the specific paperboard yarn cone only when it is delivered with the non-retail yarn and is not a reusable mill carrier returned before the product gate.

• Selected flow: Paperboard yarn cone delivered with the non-retail yarn
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure total delivered cone mass or calculate it from delivered cone count and a verified supplier mass per cone.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Scenario-specific (scenario_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_paperboard_yarn_cones
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference yarn output (reference_yarn_output)

This is the conforming net yarn output at the spinning-mill gate. Carrier and packaging mass are excluded from the 1 kg reference amount and are recorded separately when delivered.

• Selected flow: Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing less than 85% by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale 2fde586f-9999-4f3e-8022-fe0d8a19e270
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Set to exactly 1 kg after normalizing measured net conforming yarn mass at the declared conditioning or moisture state.
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Collection protocol: cp_yarn_output
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-0-2025

Waste flows

Loose staple-fibre fly output (loose_staple_fibre_fly_output)

Loose fly collected from spinning and winding is recorded as one physically distinct waste stream and is not combined with off-spec yarn.

• Selected flow: Loose artificial-blend staple-fibre fly from spinning and winding
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the separately collected fly generated during the represented production lot.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_loose_fibre_fly
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Off-spec blended yarn output (offspec_blended_yarn_output)

Yarn rejected during spinning, twisting, or winding is recorded separately from loose fibre fly and from conforming product.

• Selected flow: Off-spec artificial-blend yarn from spinning and winding
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh off-spec yarn removed from the represented production lot and record its reuse, recycling, or treatment destination.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: Per 1 kg net conforming yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_offspec_yarn
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision	separately measurable production lots and operations	Prefer physical subdivision and dedicated meters or issue records so that the represented yarn lot receives its directly measured inputs and outputs.
allocation_shared_records	shared electricity, lubricant, or carrier records	When direct subdivision is unavailable, use a documented causal production driver from foreground records; disclose the driver, formula, period, and affected products.
allocation_recovered_material	fibre fly or off-spec yarn with beneficial use	Treat the stream as waste unless the foreground records demonstrate a separately intended co-product; if it is a co-product, model it separately and disclose the allocation method without assigning an undocumented credit.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mixed_sliver_receipts	staple_spinning_winding	mixed_staple_fibre_sliver_input	Lot receipt and issue record	sliver product identity; supplier; lot id; each constituent fibre; each constituent mass; artificial-fibre type; conditioning or moisture state; issued mass	Reconcile supplier delivery records with calibrated scale issue records	kg and mass fraction	Each received and issued lot	Full represented production period	All sliver used for the represented site and product lot	Sum issued mass by lot on one declared conditioning or moisture basis	Supplier specification; receiving record; scale identifier and calibration status; composition test or certificate
cp_electricity_meter	staple_spinning_winding	purchased_ac_electricity_input	Electricity meter record	meter id; opening and closing readings; reading time; voltage level; grid geography; on-site generation export and import; production-line assignment	Read calibrated revenue or submeter and reconcile the reading interval with production time	kWh	At least each production lot or shortest reconciled meter interval	Full represented production period	All equipment included in the foreground process	Meter difference less separately metered exports, assigned by direct submeter or documented causal driver	Meter identifier; calibration or utility bill; reading log; allocation record
cp_spinning_lubricant	staple_spinning_winding	staple_spinning_lubricant_input	Material issue record	product or trade name; formulation or safety-data-sheet reference; lot id; opening stock; receipts; closing stock; documented returns	Inventory reconciliation for the represented production period	kg	Each production lot or inventory period	Full represented production period	All lubricant applied within the foreground process	Opening stock plus receipts minus closing stock and documented returns, assigned to represented lots	Purchase record; stock ledger; safety data sheet; scale or dispensing record
cp_paperboard_yarn_cones	staple_spinning_winding	paperboard_yarn_cone_input	Carrier issue and delivery record	cone product identity; delivered count; returned count; verified mass per cone or total mass; reuse status	Reconcile packing and dispatch records with supplier mass specification or weighing	kg	Each dispatched lot	Full represented production period	Cones crossing the declared product gate	Include delivered non-returned cone mass only	Dispatch record; supplier specification or scale record; return log
cp_yarn_output	staple_spinning_winding	reference_yarn_output	Finished-lot mass and quality record	product id; lot id; gross mass; cone and packaging mass; net yarn mass; yarn count; twist; spinning system; each fibre fraction; dyed state; conditioning or moisture state	Weigh finished lots and subtract separately verified carrier and packaging mass	kg	Each finished lot	Full represented production period	All conforming yarn represented by the dataset	Sum conforming net yarn mass on the declared conditioning or moisture basis	Calibrated scale record; quality certificate; composition result; packing list
cp_loose_fibre_fly	staple_spinning_winding	loose_staple_fibre_fly_output	Waste weighing and destination record	waste identity; collection point; mass; lot or period; reuse, recycling, or treatment destination	Separate collection and weighing	kg	Each collection or production lot	Full represented production period	All included spinning and winding collection points	Sum separately weighed fly mass; do not combine with off-spec yarn	Scale record; waste log; destination receipt
cp_offspec_yarn	staple_spinning_winding	offspec_blended_yarn_output	Reject weighing and destination record	reject identity; reason; mass; lot; internal reuse, recycling, or treatment destination	Separate rejection record and weighing	kg	Each rejection or production lot	Full represented production period	All included spinning, twisting, and winding operations	Sum separately weighed off-spec yarn mass; do not combine with loose fibre fly	Quality rejection record; scale record; destination receipt

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_artificial_fibre_fraction	reference product and incoming mixed sliver	artificial staple-fibre fraction = artificial staple-fibre mass / total constituent-fibre mass; the recorded fraction must be below 85% and all constituent fractions must reconcile to the declared total under the documented measurement and rounding convention	constituent-fibre masses; artificial-fibre identification	artificial staple-fibre mass fraction	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
calc_reference_normalization	every quantitative inventory row	normalized amount = measured or reconciled row amount / measured net conforming yarn output mass	row amount; net conforming yarn output mass	amount per 1 kg net conforming yarn
calc_electricity_use	purchased alternating-current electricity	electricity use = reconciled meter import assigned to the foreground process / measured net conforming yarn output mass	meter readings; exports; lot assignment; output mass	kWh per 1 kg net conforming yarn
calc_delivered_cone_mass	paperboard yarn cones	delivered cone mass = non-returned delivered cone count multiplied by verified supplier mass per cone, or direct total measured mass when available	delivered count; returned count; verified mass per cone or total mass	kg cone per 1 kg net conforming yarn

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference yarn	Retain the exact product UUID and the declared CPC 26461 scope qualifiers, including non-retail market state and exclusion of sewing thread.	Product-flow identity; lot quality specification
dq_composition	sliver and yarn	Identify every constituent fibre and retain masses or mass fractions on a common conditioning or moisture basis; do not infer an unrecorded blend composition.	Supplier specification; composition test or certificate; lot mass record
dq_temporal_alignment	all foreground records	Cover the same represented production period or document reconciliation from a different meter or inventory interval.	Timestamped meter, material, production, and waste records
dq_completeness	process inventory	Include each directly consumed product, delivered carrier, conforming product, separately collected waste, and any direct elementary flow as its own atomic exchange.	Inventory reconciliation and process walk-through
dq_identity_gaps	unresolved inventory flow UUIDs	Preserve the specific exchange name and review status; do not substitute a broader, adjacent, or differently classified Tiangong flow.	Manifest identity review and subsequent hybrid-search plus direct-read evidence
dq_mass_balance	represented production lot	Reconcile incoming sliver mass with conforming yarn, loose fibre fly, off-spec yarn, and any other separately recorded mass output within the site's documented measurement uncertainty.	Scale records; lot reconciliation; uncertainty disclosure

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Confirm the exact product UUID 2fde586f-9999-4f3e-8022-fe0d8a19e270, Product flow type, CPC 26461 semantics, Mass property UUID, Units of mass UUID, and kg reference unit.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
validate_category_scope	reference yarn	Confirm that the product is not sewing thread, is not put up for retail sale, contains artificial staple fibres, and has an artificial-staple-fibre share below 85% of total fibre mass.	unsd-cpc-3-0-2025
validate_composition_reconciliation	reference yarn and incoming sliver	Require every constituent fibre to be named and the constituent fractions to reconcile to the declared total under the documented measurement and rounding convention.
validate_reference_mass	reference amount	Confirm exactly 1 kg net conforming yarn at the declared conditioning or moisture state and exclude cone and packaging mass.
validate_atomic_inventory	every inventory card	Confirm that each card describes one physical product, waste, or elementary flow and contains no collection label, selector instruction, or combined alternative.
validate_electricity_context	purchased alternating-current electricity	Require metered quantity, voltage level, grid geography, reading period, and treatment of on-site generation; reject an unspecified electricity candidate.	jrc-textiles-bref-2023
validate_mass_balance	represented production lot	Reconcile incoming sliver mass with conforming yarn and all separately recorded mass outputs within documented site measurement uncertainty.
validate_unresolved_identities	inventory UUID references	Require every UUID to have exact hybrid-search and direct-read evidence; keep unresolved rows UUID-free and disclosed rather than using rejected candidates.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground unit-process dataset for staple-fibre spinning and winding
downstream_use	Secondary dataset and background dataset for studies requiring a matching CPC 26461 non-retail blended-yarn input
allowed_use	Products matching the declared artificial-fibre share, constituent-fibre composition, yarn specification, starting condition, production route, geography, technology, and conditioning or moisture state
excluded_use	Sewing thread; retail-sale yarn; filament yarn; yarn with artificial staple fibres at 85% or more by mass; yarn lacking composition evidence; wet processing or fibre manufacture not represented by linked datasets
required_metadata	Exact reference UUID; constituent-fibre composition; yarn count; spinning system; twist; dyed state; conditioning or moisture state; geography; technology; production period; electricity scenario; carrier and packaging treatment; upstream sliver dataset
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground-record coverage; meter and scale basis; allocation or subdivision method; composition evidence; mass-balance result; waste destinations; unresolved UUID identities; deviations from the core boundary
update_trigger	Change to product classification scope, reference-flow identity, fibre-composition rule, starting condition, spinning route, exact inventory UUID resolution, or material foreground evidence

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-0-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, code 26461, 30 June 2025. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Exact product-category boundary, exclusions, artificial-fibre mass-share criterion, and classification validation
jrc-textiles-bref-2023	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Textiles Industry, January 2023, Sections 2.4.2-2.4.3 and 4.7.2. https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-01/TXT_BREF_2023_for_publishing%20ISSN%201831-9424_final_1_revised.pdf	Staple-fibre spinning process decomposition; spinning-lubricant relevance; electricity as the main spinning energy input; separate collection of loose fibres and yarn rejects