Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing 85% or more by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers gate-to-gate secondary spinning of yarn that is not sewing thread, contains at least 85% artificial staple fibres by mass, and is not put up for retail sale. Artificial fibres here are man-made fibres derived from natural polymers, including viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, and acetate staple fibres. The representative route uses purchased viscose staple fibre and produces wound, undyed industrial yarn at the spinning-mill gate.

The scope excludes synthetic staple-fibre yarn, yarn containing less than 85% artificial staple fibres, retail-packed yarn, sewing thread, filament yarn, manufacture of the artificial fibre itself, textile wet pretreatment, dyeing, printing, finishing, fabric production, garment production, use, and end-of-life. A data package for another covered artificial staple-fibre composition must preserve the reference-product identity and add each actual constituent input as a separate atomic flow; it must not substitute a collective fibre label for constituent identities.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.yarn-and-thread-woven-and-tufted-textile-fabrics.yarn-other-than-sewing-thread-of-artificial-staple-fibres-containing-85-or-more-by-weig-8014c608
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:26450
covered_products	Yarn other than sewing thread, with artificial staple fibres representing at least 85% of fibre mass, not put up for retail sale
excluded_products	Sewing thread; filament yarn; synthetic staple-fibre yarn; yarn below 85% artificial staple fibres; retail-packed yarn; fabric and finished textile articles
representative_product	Undyed viscose staple-fibre yarn wound on an industrial paperboard cone
production_route	Purchased viscose staple fibre; opening and cleaning; carding; drawing; route-applicable combing and roving; spinning; route-applicable twisting; winding; industrial packaging
market_state	Finished manufactured yarn at the spinning-mill gate, not put up for retail sale

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Wound artificial staple-fibre yarn supplied for downstream textile manufacture
How much	1 kg net yarn
How well	Not sewing thread; at least 85% artificial staple fibres by mass; not put up for retail sale; composition, yarn count, twist, spinning system, moisture basis, and dye state declared
How long or cycle	One declared production lot; no service duration
reference_flow_link	The 1 kg net reference product flow defined below

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg net yarn
Reference product flow	Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing 85% or more by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale b2fccf4f-e4c4-4723-9e9b-ef0956abd0fc
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	constituent fibre names and mass shares; artificial-fibre mass share; yarn count or linear density; twist direction and level; spinning system; moisture basis; dye state; industrial package type; production geography; production period

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comments, product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference yarn	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Measure net yarn mass on the declared moisture basis and exclude removable cones, tubes, wrap, and other transport packaging from the 1 kg reference amount.
composition_threshold	fibre composition	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg and mass fraction	Calculate all constituent fibre shares on one declared moisture basis; the summed artificial staple-fibre share must be at least 0.85 of total fibre mass.
inventory_mass	fibre, lubricant, packaging, product, and waste rows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Preserve measured mass before normalization and report the normalized value per 1 kg net yarn.
electricity_measurement	delivered electricity	Energy as declared by the selected electricity flow	kWh	Record delivered meter electricity for the declared medium-voltage China grid scenario and do not convert it to primary energy inside the foreground inventory.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	representative foreground system	Begin with purchased viscose staple fibre received at the spinning mill and end with wound, industrially packaged yarn at the mill gate; include opening and cleaning, carding, drawing, applicable combing and roving, spinning, applicable twisting, winding, and packaging performed by the foreground operator.	jrc-textiles-bref-2023
boundary_upstream_links	purchased inputs	Keep purchased fibre, delivered electricity, spinning lubricant, paperboard cones, and LDPE stretch film as explicit product inputs and link each to a geographically and technologically appropriate upstream dataset.
boundary_exclusions	excluded activities	Exclude artificial-fibre manufacture, dyeing, printing, finishing, fabric production, retail packing, use, and end-of-life unless the study explicitly expands the boundary and reports those activities separately.	eu-textiles-bat-2022
boundary_direct_outputs	foreground outputs	Record the reference yarn, viscose fibre fly waste, and viscose yarn waste as separate measured outputs; do not merge waste identities or net them against fibre input.	jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Purchased artificial staple fibre received at the spinning-mill gate with supplier identity, fibre generic name, lot mass, moisture basis, and composition evidence declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream-linked product input and starting condition for secondary spinning
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0:26450 only
recursive_input_rule	A purchased yarn already within CPC 26450 remains an explicit product input with its own upstream dataset; it is not relabelled as virgin staple fibre and its burdens are not recreated inside this foreground process.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use a supplier-specific dataset when available; otherwise use a disclosed proxy matching fibre identity, geography, technology, and time, with the proxy limitation retained in data-quality metadata.
disclosure	Declare constituent fibre shares, spinning system, included process steps, lubricant product identity, electricity scenario, packaging configuration, waste destinations, production geography, production period, and any boundary expansion.

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
secondary_staple_spinning	Secondary spinning and winding of artificial staple fibre	required		Foreground conversion of purchased staple fibre into wound industrial yarn	1 kg net yarn output

Process: Secondary spinning and winding of artificial staple fibre (secondary_staple_spinning)

Inputs

Product flows

Viscose staple-fibre feed (viscose_staple_fibre_input)

Purchased viscose staple fibre crosses the mill gate as the representative route's fibre feed.

• Selected flow: Viscose staple fibre, at spinning mill gate a64ce209-6dee-404e-a22c-9bbddb1cf295
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure lot-level net fibre mass issued to the included spinning process.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_input_mass

China medium-voltage grid electricity (cn_grid_medium_voltage_electricity)

Delivered electricity powers opening, cleaning, carding, drawing, applicable combing and roving, spinning, twisting, winding, ventilation, and directly attributable packaging equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage, grid mix, China
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Record delivered electricity from a dedicated meter or a documented equipment-level allocation.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_meter

Mineral-oil-based spinning lubricant (mineral_oil_spinning_lubricant)

The purchased mineral-oil-based spinning lubricant is recorded as one product input when used on the representative viscose route; no generic lubricant UUID is substituted.

• Selected flow: Mineral-oil-based spinning lubricant
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure purchased product mass issued to the included production lots, net of documented closing stock.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_lubricant_mass
• Sources: jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Paperboard yarn cone (paperboard_yarn_cone)

The paperboard cone that leaves the mill with industrial yarn is recorded separately from yarn mass.

• Selected flow: Paperboard yarn cone
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure the mass of paperboard cones shipped with the reference production lots.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_mass

LDPE stretch film for industrial yarn packaging (ldpe_stretch_film)

Low-density polyethylene stretch film used to secure industrial yarn packages is recorded as a separate product input.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene stretch film for industrial yarn packaging
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure film mass issued to the reference production lots, net of unused returned film.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_mass

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference artificial staple-fibre yarn (artificial_staple_fibre_yarn_output)

The wound industrial yarn is the measured reference output of the included process.

• Selected flow: Yarn (other than sewing thread) of artificial staple fibres, containing 85% or more by weight of such fibres, not put up for retail sale b2fccf4f-e4c4-4723-9e9b-ef0956abd0fc
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure net conforming yarn mass excluding removable packaging, then normalize the dataset to 1 kg.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg net reference yarn
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_yarn_output_mass
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025

Waste flows

Viscose fibre fly waste (viscose_fibre_fly_waste)

Loose viscose fibre fly removed by collection and housekeeping during staple-yarn spinning is recorded as one waste output.

• Selected flow: Viscose fibre fly waste from staple-yarn spinning
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh collected fibre fly assigned to the reference production lots.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass

Viscose yarn waste (viscose_yarn_waste)

Off-specification viscose yarn, broken ends, and winding rejects that leave the process as yarn-form waste are recorded separately from loose fibre fly.

• Selected flow: Viscose yarn waste from staple-yarn spinning
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh yarn-form waste assigned to the reference production lots.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net yarn output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_mass

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
avoid_allocation	separately identifiable production lots and lines	Subdivide production by fibre composition, spinning system, and production lot before allocating shared inputs or outputs.
shared_equipment_allocation	shared electricity and directly attributable auxiliary equipment	When separate metering is unavailable, allocate using documented operating time multiplied by measured or nameplate equipment load, and disclose the calculation and affected rows.
shared_packaging_allocation	cones and stretch film used for more than one yarn product	Allocate measured packaging mass by the net mass of yarn shipped in each documented package configuration.
waste_handling	viscose fibre fly waste and viscose yarn waste	Report each waste mass and destination separately; do not subtract waste revenue or an assumed recycling credit from foreground burdens.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_fibre_input_mass	secondary_staple_spinning	viscose_staple_fibre_input	weighbridge, warehouse issue, and stock record	supplier; fibre generic name; lot id; gross mass; tare mass; moisture basis; opening stock; closing stock	calibrated scale plus stock reconciliation	kg	each lot; monthly reconciliation	same period as yarn output	all included fibre stores and lines	issued mass = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented transfers	calibration record; supplier specification; stock reconciliation
cp_electricity_meter	secondary_staple_spinning	cn_grid_medium_voltage_electricity	electricity meter and equipment operating log	meter id; opening reading; closing reading; voltage level; grid geography; production hours; equipment load where allocated	dedicated meter preferred; otherwise documented equipment calculation	kWh	continuous or shift reading	same period as yarn output	all included process and directly attributable auxiliary equipment	subtract opening from closing reading; remove documented excluded loads; allocate shared load under shared_equipment_allocation	meter calibration; bills; operating logs; allocation worksheet
cp_lubricant_mass	secondary_staple_spinning	mineral_oil_spinning_lubricant	purchase, issue, return, and stock record	product trade name; supplier; safety-data-sheet id; opening stock; issued mass; returned mass; closing stock; lot linkage	calibrated scale and inventory reconciliation	kg	each issue; monthly reconciliation	same period as yarn output	included lines only	consumed mass = opening stock + receipts - returns - closing stock - documented transfers	scale calibration; purchase invoice; safety data sheet; stock reconciliation
cp_packaging_mass	secondary_staple_spinning	paperboard_yarn_cone; ldpe_stretch_film	bill of materials, package count, and component weighing	package configuration; component identity; component count; representative component mass; total yarn mass shipped	count components and verify mass on a calibrated scale	kg	each package configuration; monthly aggregation	same period as yarn output	packages leaving the included mill gate	component mass = count multiplied by verified unit mass, reconciled with issues and returns	bill of materials; scale calibration; issue record; shipment record
cp_yarn_output_mass	secondary_staple_spinning	artificial_staple_fibre_yarn_output	final scale and quality-release record	product id; lot id; gross package mass; cone mass; wrap mass; net yarn mass; moisture basis; composition; yarn count; twist; release status	calibrated final weighing and quality release	kg	each finished lot	same period as all input and waste records	all conforming output from included lines	sum released net yarn mass; exclude removable packaging and nonconforming output	scale calibration; release certificate; composition evidence; batch record
cp_waste_mass	secondary_staple_spinning	viscose_fibre_fly_waste; viscose_yarn_waste	segregated waste-container and dispatch record	waste row id; container id; gross mass; tare mass; lot or line; destination; stock change	segregated collection and calibrated weighing	kg	each container or dispatch; monthly reconciliation	same period as yarn output	all included lines and directly attributable collection points	net waste mass = gross - tare, adjusted for opening and closing waste stock	scale calibration; photographs or container labels; dispatch receipt; destination record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	every inventory row	normalized exchange = period exchange / period net conforming yarn output	measured period exchange; measured net conforming yarn output	exchange per 1 kg net yarn
calc_artificial_fibre_share	reference-product composition	artificial staple-fibre share = summed mass of artificial staple-fibre constituents / summed mass of all fibre constituents, on one declared moisture basis	constituent fibre masses; fibre generic names; moisture basis	artificial staple-fibre mass fraction	unsd-cpc-3-2025
calc_fibre_mass_reconciliation	fibre-bearing inputs and outputs	reconcile fibre input with net yarn output, viscose fibre fly waste, viscose yarn waste, other separately identified fibre-bearing outputs, and measured stock change; investigate and disclose any residual	fibre input; yarn output; each fibre-bearing waste; other fibre-bearing outputs; stock change	mass-reconciliation residual and explanation

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all flow rows	Preserve one physical or chemical identity per row and retain supplier or waste-destination evidence; unresolved UUID rows must remain human-readable and must not receive a broader candidate UUID.	supplier specification; safety data sheet; package bill of materials; waste dispatch record; manifest review metadata
dq_temporal	foreground inventory	Use one common reporting period and reconcile opening and closing stocks for fibre, lubricant, yarn, packaging, and waste.	dated meter, stock, production, and dispatch records
dq_measurement	mass and electricity	Use calibrated scales and meters; retain calibration status, raw readings, tare treatment, and unit conversions.	calibration certificates; raw readings; calculation workbook
dq_composition	reference yarn	Demonstrate at least 85% artificial staple fibres by mass on the declared moisture basis and identify every constituent fibre.	supplier composition evidence or full laboratory report; batch formulation; moisture-basis record
dq_completeness	included foreground process	Cover every included process step and separately record all actual fibre constituents, electricity scenarios, purchased lubricant products, packaging components, waste streams, and direct elementary emissions if present.	process map; purchasing records; meter coverage; waste register; emission monitoring records where applicable
dq_representativeness	upstream links	Match fibre identity, electricity geography and voltage, lubricant product, packaging material, technology, and period; disclose every proxy.	upstream dataset metadata and proxy assessment

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Confirm that the reference product UUID, Product flow type, CPC 26450 identity, Mass property, Units of mass group, and kg reference unit remain consistent with the declared yarn.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_scope_threshold	product composition and market state	Reject a package if artificial staple fibres are below 85% of total fibre mass, constituent fibres are not identified, the product is sewing thread or filament yarn, or the package is put up for retail sale.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_atomic_inventory	process inventory	Reject collective, selector, or combined flow labels; every actual material, chemical product, electricity scenario, packaging component, waste, and elementary flow must occupy its own row.
validate_bilingual_alignment	English and Chinese PCR renderings	Require identical ordered process_id, row_id, direction, flow_type, value_mode, specificity, basis_kind, evidence_kind, source_id, and UUID sequences.
validate_foreground_records	inventory amounts	Require raw foreground evidence and a collection protocol for every inventory amount; do not accept AI-estimated values or unsupported ranges.
validate_mass_reconciliation	fibre-bearing inventory	Require a documented fibre mass reconciliation and an explanation for every residual rather than silently balancing or netting waste.
validate_unresolved_identity	UUID-free inventory rows	Require direct Tiangong re-search before publication and keep a UUID blank unless a public record exactly matches the row semantics.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production dataset for secondary spinning of artificial staple-fibre yarn
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after methodology review and publication
allowed_use	LCA process or lifecyclemodel construction for yarn matching CPC 26450, declared fibre composition, spinning system, geography, technology, and time
excluded_use	Artificial-fibre manufacture; synthetic staple-fibre yarn; filament yarn; sewing thread; retail-packed yarn; dyeing or finishing; fabric production; unqualified global proxy use
required_metadata	PCR id and version; reference product UUID; constituent fibre names and mass shares; yarn count; twist; spinning system; moisture basis; dye state; included steps; geography; period; electricity scenario; lubricant identity; package configuration; waste destinations; allocation method
required_quality_disclosure	Foreground versus proxy status for every row; meter and scale coverage; composition evidence; stock reconciliation; allocation calculations; UUID gaps; range-evidence gaps; mass-reconciliation residuals; excluded activities
update_trigger	Change in fibre identity or composition, spinning system, lubricant product, electricity supply, package configuration, waste route, site, reporting period, reference-flow UUID, or a resolved Tiangong identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, code 26450, pp. 120-121, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Exact product scope, 85% mass threshold, sewing-thread exclusion, artificial staple-fibre identity, and non-retail market state
jrc-textiles-bref-2023	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Textiles Industry, JRC131874, Sections 2.4-2.4.3, pp. 33-34, and Section 8.1.2.3, p. 849, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-01/TXT_BREF_2023_for_publishing%20ISSN%201831-9424_final_1_revised.pdf	Secondary staple-fibre yarn process sequence, winding and optional twisting, spinning-lubricant role, and environmental relevance
eu-textiles-bat-2022	official_guidance	Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2022/2508, Textiles Industry BAT Conclusions, Scope, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32022D2508	Explicit disclosure that production of man-made fibres and yarns is outside the BAT Conclusions scope; prevention of misapplication to this PCR