Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR governs gate-to-gate foreground data packages for finished textile sacks and bags whose principal function is packing, storing or transporting goods within CPC 27150. It covers woven polypropylene or high-density polyethylene tape sacks, jute or other bast-fibre sacking bags, cotton textile sacks, leno bags and flexible intermediate bulk containers when the declared product is a made-up textile packing article. The reporting product may be uncoated, coated, laminated, lined or printed, but its material construction and actual manufacturing route must be declared.

The foreground boundary begins with the received material condition declared by the manufacturer. It always includes cutting, forming, sewing or other joining, component assembly, inspection and factory-gate packing performed for the product. Polymer tape extrusion and circular weaving, jute preparation and weaving, coating, lamination, liner insertion and printing are included only when controlled by the reporting facility. Purchased fabric, yarn, film, liner, thread, ink, adhesive and other components require upstream datasets and must not be recreated inside the foreground model.

Retail shopping bags, handbags, purses, totes and other personal consumer bags are excluded, as are paper sacks, thermoplastic flexible-film sacks that are not textile articles, rigid containers, transport service, filling with the packed good, use, reuse, cleaning after sale and end-of-life. A product subject to dangerous-goods rules requires the additional applicable legal conformity specification; this PCR alone does not establish dangerous-goods approval.

Material families and routes must not be averaged unless foreground evidence shows that the result remains representative. Record every actually used polymer, fibre, filler, masterbatch, batching oil, thread, ink, adhesive, liner, packaging component, utility, fuel, refrigerant loss, waste and direct emission as its own atomic exchange.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.textile-articles-other-than-apparel.sacks-and-bags-of-a-kind-used-for-the-packing-of-goods
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 27150 - Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods
covered_products	Textile sacks and bags made for packing goods, including woven PP or HDPE tape sacks, jute or other bast-fibre sacking bags, cotton sacks, leno bags and textile FIBCs when classified in CPC 27150
excluded_products	Retail shopping bags, handbags, purses, totes and personal bags; paper sacks; non-textile flexible-film sacks; rigid containers; filled goods; transport, use and end-of-life services
representative_product	One conforming finished textile sack or bag for packing goods at the manufacturing-facility gate
production_route	Purchased textile substrate or conditional integrated tape/fibre preparation and weaving, followed by route-specific coating or lamination, printing, cutting, sewing or thermal joining, component assembly, inspection and dispatch packing
market_state	Empty, accepted finished packing sack or bag at the factory gate, dry or at the declared conditioning state, excluding detachable dispatch packaging and the packed good

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A finished goods-packing textile sack that contains, protects or enables handling of the declared class of goods
How much	1 kg net mass of accepted finished packing sacks or bags
How well	Meets the declared material, construction, capacity, dimensions, seam, strength, liner, coating, printing, lifting-device and conformity specification applicable to the product subtype
How long or cycle	One accepted manufacturing lot at the factory gate; service life and reuse cycles are declared for downstream use but do not change the mass reference
reference_flow_link	finished_goods_packing_sack

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Goods-packing textile sack
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	product subtype and intended packed good; nominal capacity and safe working load where applicable; dimensions; polymer or fibre family and mass fractions; virgin or recovered content basis; tape, yarn and weave construction; fabric mass per area; coating, lamination and liner construction; seam and joining system; lifting and discharge components for an FIBC; printing and ink system; acceptance tests and conformity standard; net product mass; conditioning or moisture state; production geography; included onsite processes; reporting period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

No reference-product UUID is assigned. The verified state-100 candidate a7ec2c0b-ce0e-4036-ad92-08a39f2b0d0f is Sewn Bag, described for cotton consumer bags, totes and purses at the consumer market; it is rejected because that route is not the goods-packing category represented here. The Mass and Units of mass identities remain valid quantitative support objects.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_mass	Reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report exactly 1 kg net accepted sack or bag product. Include permanently attached liners, lifting loops, closures and fittings; exclude the packed good, detachable dispatch packaging and pallets.
conditioned_textile_mass	Fibres, yarns, fabrics, product and textile wastes	Mass	kg	State the moisture or conditioning basis for every textile mass. Do not combine dry, conditioned and as-received masses without a measured or documented conversion.
component_mass_reconciliation	Product construction	Mass fraction	kg/kg	Record each polymer, fibre, coating, liner, thread and permanently attached component separately and reconcile their accepted-product mass fractions to the declared product construction.
fabric_area_to_mass	Fabric records	Mass and area	kg and m2	When fabric is purchased or issued by area, convert to mass with lot-specific measured mass per area; retain both the source area and measured conversion.
item_count_to_mass	Bag production counts	Count and mass	item and kg	Convert accepted and rejected item counts to mass using representative lot-specific bag mass; retain the sampled mass, sample size and production lot.
electricity_measurement	Electricity	Energy	kWh	Preserve meter or invoice values, voltage level, geography and supply mix. Shared electricity is allocated only with a documented physical driver.
fuel_and_steam_measurement	Natural gas and purchased steam	Energy or delivered mass	MJ, Nm3 or kg	Keep every fuel and purchased steam separate. Record fuel calorific basis and steam pressure, temperature and condensate-return condition; retain all conversion factors.
water_measurement	Process water and wastewater	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Preserve the measured unit. Convert volume to mass only with a declared density and temperature basis, and reconcile intake, reuse, evaporation, product carry-over and discharge.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received PP or HDPE resin, jute fibre, yarn, woven textile substrate, liner, coating, thread, ink, adhesive, components and packaging at the reporting facility, with material grade, recycled content, construction, conditioning state, supplier gate and included upstream processing declared
starting_condition_role	Purchased or interfacility product inputs whose upstream production is represented by separate datasets; integrated substrate manufacture becomes foreground only when controlled by the reporting facility
product_classification_scope	CPC 27150 made-up textile sacks and bags for packing goods; personal consumer bags, paper sacks, non-textile film sacks and rigid containers require another PCR
recursive_input_rule	A purchased sack, bag or intermediate already within CPC 27150 is recorded once as a supplied product input with an upstream dataset; only incremental conversion at the receiving facility is inventoried
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require material-, grade-, recycled-content-, geography- and route-specific upstream datasets for every received resin, fibre, yarn, fabric, liner, coating, thread, ink, adhesive, component, utility and packaging material
disclosure	Declare the input gate, onsite and outsourced operations, material route, product subtype, capacity, fabric and seam construction, coating/liner/printing system, FIBC components, conditioning state, exclusions, cut-offs, shared-facility allocation and all upstream data gaps

rule_id	Applies to	rule	source_ids
boundary_factory_gate	Foreground product system	Include all manufacturer-controlled operations from the declared received-material condition through accepted empty finished product and its dispatch preparation at the factory gate.	un-cpc-v3-structure-2023; eu-pef-2021
boundary_route_specificity	Product route	Include polymer tape extrusion and weaving, jute preparation and weaving, coating, lamination, printing and liner production only when performed or controlled for the declared lot; otherwise use an upstream supplied-product dataset.	unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; eu-textiles-bref-2023
boundary_product_conformity	Woven PP sacks and FIBCs	Preserve the applicable material, construction, design, type-test, marking, capacity and intended-goods specification; this PCR does not replace product conformity assessment.	iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024; bis-is-14887-2014
boundary_atomic_completeness	Inputs and outputs	Add every actual material, chemical, packaging component, utility, fuel, refrigerant loss, waste stream and direct emission as a separate atomic exchange; do not use grouped carrier, chemical, packaging, waste or emission labels.	eu-textiles-bref-2023; eu-pef-2021
boundary_exclusions	Downstream stages	Exclude filling with the packed good, distribution, use, reuse, post-sale cleaning and end-of-life unless a separate declared study scope adds those stages without altering this factory-gate reference flow.	un-cpc-v3-structure-2023; eu-pef-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
integrated_textile_substrate	Integrated textile substrate manufacture	conditional	Include only when polymer tape extrusion and weaving or jute preparation, spinning and weaving are controlled by the reporting facility.	Foreground intermediate production	Per kg woven substrate transferred to conversion and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
bag_conversion_finishing	Bag conversion, finishing, inspection and packing	required	Always include the manufacturer-controlled conversion of textile substrate and components into the accepted packing sack or bag.	Foreground final-product production	Exactly 1 kg net accepted textile sack or bag product

Process: Integrated textile substrate manufacture (integrated_textile_substrate)

Inputs

Product flows

Polypropylene raffia resin (substrate_pp_resin)

Polypropylene resin is recorded only for an integrated PP tape-extrusion route.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene raffia-grade resin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured resin issued to the tape-extrusion line, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

High-density polyethylene tape resin (substrate_hdpe_resin)

HDPE tape resin is recorded separately from PP for an integrated HDPE sack route.

• Selected flow: High-density polyethylene tape-grade resin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured resin issued to the tape-extrusion line, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: bis-is-14887-2014

Calcium carbonate filler (substrate_calcium_carbonate)

Calcium carbonate is recorded only when it is intentionally compounded into the tape formulation.

• Selected flow: Calcium carbonate filler
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed filler issued to the declared resin batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Colour masterbatch (substrate_colour_masterbatch)

The actual colour masterbatch is recorded separately from base resin and filler.

• Selected flow: Polyolefin colour masterbatch
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed masterbatch issued to the declared resin batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Raw jute fibre (substrate_raw_jute_fibre)

Raw jute fibre is recorded only for integrated jute preparation, spinning and weaving.

• Selected flow: Raw jute fibre for sacking
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed fibre opened for the declared production lot, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg jute sacking fabric transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990

Jute batching oil (substrate_batching_oil)

The actual oil used to soften jute fibre is recorded as one formulated product input.

• Selected flow: Jute fibre batching oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured oil delivered to the batching emulsion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg jute sacking fabric transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990

Process water (substrate_process_water)

Water used in tape cooling, jute batching emulsion, damping or other onsite substrate operations is metered separately.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or batch-recorded supplied water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Electricity (substrate_electricity)

Electricity used by extrusion, stretching, winding, carding, spinning, weaving, ventilation and controls is recorded from the applicable meter.

• Selected flow: Alternating-current electricity, facility supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to integrated substrate manufacture
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Natural gas (substrate_natural_gas)

Natural gas used for direct or indirect tape heating, annealing, drying or calendering is recorded only when consumed.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or invoiced gas converted with the supplier net calorific value
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Purchased steam (substrate_purchased_steam)

Purchased steam used in jute conditioning or textile finishing is recorded separately from fuel and electricity.

• Selected flow: Purchased process steam
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered delivered steam at the declared pressure and condensate-return condition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Waste flows

No generic waste input is prescribed. A specific recovered material entering this process must be represented by its own material identity and provenance.

Elementary flows

No generic elementary input is prescribed. Direct water withdrawal or another resource taken from the environment must be added as a compartment-specific atomic exchange.

Outputs

Product flows

Woven polyolefin sack fabric (substrate_woven_polyolefin_fabric)

The declared PP or HDPE woven fabric is measured at transfer to bag conversion.

• Selected flow: Woven polyolefin tape fabric for sacks
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conditioned fabric mass transferred to conversion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; iso-23560-2015

Jute sacking fabric (substrate_jute_sacking_fabric)

The woven jute sacking fabric is measured after the declared conditioning and calendering operations.

• Selected flow: Woven jute sacking fabric
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured conditioned fabric mass transferred to conversion
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg jute sacking fabric transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990

Waste flows

Polyolefin tape trim waste (substrate_polyolefin_tape_waste)

Clean or contaminated PP or HDPE tape trim leaving tape manufacture is weighed without netting it from resin input. Woven-fabric rejects, when present, require a separate specific waste card.

• Selected flow: Polyolefin tape trim waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass transferred to the declared reuse, recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven polyolefin substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; patti-cicala-acierno-2020

Jute fibre and yarn waste (substrate_jute_fibre_waste)

Jute fibre, yarn and weaving waste leaving the process is weighed as its own waste stream.

• Selected flow: Jute fibre and yarn production waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass transferred to the declared reuse, recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg jute sacking fabric transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; patti-cicala-acierno-2020

Textile substrate process wastewater (substrate_process_wastewater)

Wastewater leaving tape cooling, jute batching, damping, washing or finishing is measured at the treatment hand-off.

• Selected flow: Textile substrate process wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered discharge volume at the declared internal or external treatment boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (substrate_fossil_co2_to_air)

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from onsite fuel combustion is calculated from the measured fuel inventory and documented factor.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated direct fossil CO2 from each onsite fuel record; do not include upstream fuel emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Nitrogen dioxide to air (substrate_nitrogen_dioxide_to_air)

Measured or permit-calculated nitrogen dioxide from onsite combustion is recorded as a substance-specific exchange. Other nitrogen oxides require separate cards.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured emission or calculated value from the recorded fuel and approved site factor
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per kg woven substrate transferred and reconciled to 1 kg accepted product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Process: Bag conversion, finishing, inspection and packing (bag_conversion_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Woven polyolefin sack fabric (conversion_woven_polyolefin_fabric)

The PP or HDPE woven substrate is recorded only for the declared polyolefin bag route.

• Selected flow: Woven polyolefin tape fabric for sacks
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fabric issued to cutting and bag making, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; iso-23560-2015

Jute sacking fabric (conversion_jute_sacking_fabric)

Jute sacking fabric is recorded only for the declared jute or bast-fibre bag route.

• Selected flow: Woven jute sacking fabric
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fabric issued to cutting and bag making, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990

Cotton sacking fabric (conversion_cotton_sacking_fabric)

Cotton fabric is recorded only when the packing sack is demonstrably a cotton textile packing article rather than a consumer bag.

• Selected flow: Woven cotton sacking fabric
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fabric issued to cutting and bag making, adjusted for stock change
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: un-cpc-v3-structure-2023

Polypropylene sewing thread (conversion_pp_sewing_thread)

PP sewing thread is recorded separately for sewn polyolefin sacks and FIBCs.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene sewing thread
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured thread issued less closing inventory
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: iso-21898-2024; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Jute sewing twine (conversion_jute_sewing_twine)

Jute sewing twine is recorded only for the applicable jute-bag seam route.

• Selected flow: Jute sewing twine
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured twine issued less closing inventory
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990

Water-based flexographic printing ink (conversion_water_based_flexo_ink)

The actual water-based flexographic ink formulation is recorded when the sack is printed onsite; each materially different ink formulation requires its own card.

• Selected flow: Water-based flexographic printing ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed ink issued minus recovered reusable ink
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; eu-textiles-bref-2023

Low-density polyethylene liner film (conversion_ldpe_liner_film)

LDPE liner film is recorded only when it becomes a permanently supplied liner or lamination layer.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene liner film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured film incorporated into accepted product plus measured process loss
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Polyurethane laminating adhesive (conversion_polyurethane_adhesive)

The declared polyurethane adhesive is recorded only for an adhesive lamination route and is not combined with ink or solvent.

• Selected flow: Polyurethane laminating adhesive
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: weighed as-supplied adhesive issued minus recovered reusable material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; eu-textiles-bref-2023

Process water (conversion_process_water)

Water used for ink preparation, cleaning or route-specific finishing is recorded separately from purchased chemicals.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or batch-recorded supplied water
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Electricity (conversion_electricity)

Electricity used for cutting, sewing, joining, printing, lamination, inspection, ventilation and baling is recorded from the applicable meter.

• Selected flow: Alternating-current electricity, facility supply
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to bag conversion and finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021

Natural gas (conversion_natural_gas)

Natural gas used for coating, lamination, printing or drying is recorded only when consumed onsite.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or invoiced gas converted with the supplier net calorific value
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Purchased steam (conversion_purchased_steam)

Purchased steam used in route-specific finishing or drying is recorded separately from natural gas and electricity.

• Selected flow: Purchased process steam
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: metered delivered steam at the declared pressure and condensate-return condition
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_steam_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Corrugated board box (packaging_corrugated_box)

Corrugated boxes used to dispatch the finished sacks or bags are recorded separately and excluded from reference-product mass.

• Selected flow: Corrugated board box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured boxes consumed for factory-gate dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021

Low-density polyethylene stretch film (packaging_ldpe_stretch_film)

LDPE stretch film used for dispatch wrapping is recorded separately from a liner incorporated into the product.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene stretch film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured film consumed for factory-gate dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021

Polypropylene strapping band (packaging_pp_strapping_band)

PP strapping used to secure bales or boxes is measured independently from product PP material.

• Selected flow: Polypropylene strapping band
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured band consumed for factory-gate dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; eu-pef-2021

Waste flows

No generic waste input is prescribed. A specific returned or recovered material entering conversion requires its own material card and provenance.

Elementary flows

No generic elementary input is prescribed. Direct resource withdrawals must be added as compartment-specific atomic exchanges where applicable.

Outputs

Product flows

Finished goods-packing textile sack (finished_goods_packing_sack)

Accepted finished empty packing sacks or bags are weighed at the declared conditioning state before detachable dispatch packaging is added.

• Selected flow: Goods-packing textile sack
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: exactly 1 kg net accepted finished product
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Generic (generic)
• Normalization basis: PCR reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
• Sources: un-cpc-v3-structure-2023; iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024

Waste flows

Polyolefin fabric offcut waste (conversion_polyolefin_offcut_waste)

PP or HDPE fabric offcuts and rejected polyolefin bags are weighed separately from natural-fibre waste.

• Selected flow: Polyolefin sack-fabric offcut waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass transferred to the declared reuse, recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; patti-cicala-acierno-2020

Jute fabric offcut waste (conversion_jute_offcut_waste)

Jute fabric offcuts and rejected jute bags are recorded as their own waste stream.

• Selected flow: Jute sacking-fabric offcut waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass transferred to the declared reuse, recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; patti-cicala-acierno-2020

Cotton fabric offcut waste (conversion_cotton_offcut_waste)

Cotton fabric offcuts and rejected cotton packing sacks are recorded separately from jute and polyolefin waste.

• Selected flow: Cotton sacking-fabric offcut waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass transferred to the declared reuse, recycling or treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: patti-cicala-acierno-2020

Waste printing ink (conversion_waste_ink)

Unusable ink and ink-contaminated liquid transferred as waste are recorded separately from cleaning wastewater.

• Selected flow: Waste water-based flexographic printing ink
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste ink mass transferred to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Waste laminating adhesive (conversion_waste_adhesive)

Unusable laminating adhesive is recorded with its cure state and treatment destination.

• Selected flow: Waste polyurethane laminating adhesive
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste adhesive mass transferred to the declared treatment route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Printing and cleaning wastewater (conversion_cleaning_wastewater)

Wastewater from printing, ink preparation or equipment cleaning is measured at the treatment hand-off.

• Selected flow: Printing and equipment-cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered or batch-estimated discharge volume at the declared treatment boundary
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (conversion_fossil_co2_to_air)

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from onsite fuel combustion is calculated from measured fuel records.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated direct fossil CO2 from each onsite fuel record; do not include upstream fuel emissions
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Ethyl acetate to air (conversion_ethyl_acetate_to_air)

Ethyl acetate emitted from an applicable solvent-containing printing or laminating route is recorded as one substance-specific exchange. Every other monitored organic substance requires a separate card.

• Selected flow: Ethyl acetate, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured ethyl acetate emission for the applicable route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources: eu-textiles-bref-2023

Refrigerant R-134a to air (conversion_r134a_to_air)

R-134a loss is recorded only when this exact refrigerant serves process cooling or conditioned production space; every other actual refrigerant requires a separate card.

• Selected flow: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated stock loss from refrigerant purchase, charge, recovery and closing inventory records
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted textile sack or bag product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
• Sources: eu-pef-2021

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Foreground processes	Avoid allocation by subdividing independently metered substrate, conversion, finishing and packing operations and by preserving route-specific material and waste records.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_shared_utilities	Shared meters and services	Allocate shared electricity, steam, fuel, compressed air, water and abatement by a documented physical driver such as metered machine time, mass processed or measured operating hours; disclose the driver and unallocated total.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_multiple_products	Multiple bag products	Use a causal physical relationship when products jointly use a process. If no defensible physical relation exists, use an economic relation and report a sensitivity result; do not average materially different products without representativeness evidence.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_scrap_treatment	Reusable or recyclable production scrap	Record the full scrap mass and treatment destination. Do not net scrap from material input or grant an avoided-product credit inside the gate-to-gate foreground inventory unless the downstream method explicitly requires and documents that treatment.	eu-pef-2021
allocation_rework	Internal rework	Keep internal rework inside the process mass balance and include the energy and material needed to reprocess it; only material crossing the system boundary is reported as waste or co-product output.	eu-pef-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Resin, fibre, fabric, thread, film and component inputs	Weighbridge, goods receipt, issue and stock records	material identity; supplier; lot; opening stock; receipts; issues; closing stock; returned quantity; moisture/conditioning state	Reconcile issued mass from inventory movements and verified scales	kg	Per lot with monthly reconciliation	At least 12 consecutive representative months or the complete campaign	All controlled production lines in the declared dataset	Sum net consumption by exact material identity; normalize after accepted-product reconciliation	Calibration records; supplier specification; lot traceability; stock reconciliation
cp_chemical_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Filler, masterbatch, batching oil, ink and adhesive inputs	Batch sheet, formulation and issue records	product identity; formulation; solids content; issued mass; recovered reusable mass; opening and closing stock	Weigh or meter each specific chemical product	kg	Per batch with monthly reconciliation	Same period as product output	Every controlled line using the chemical	Net consumption equals issue minus recovered reusable material and stock change	Scale calibration; safety/technical data sheet; batch sign-off
cp_energy_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Electricity and each fuel	Meter, invoice and equipment-hour records	meter id; opening/closing reading; fuel quantity; unit; calorific value; line hours; allocation driver	Prefer dedicated meters; otherwise reconcile invoice total and physical allocation driver	kWh; MJ; Nm3	Continuous or per invoice, reconciled monthly	Same period as product output	All included equipment and shared services	Convert with documented factors; preserve each carrier; allocation totals must equal the facility record	Meter calibration; invoices; fuel certificate; allocation reconciliation
cp_water_steam_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Process water and purchased steam	Meter, batch and supplier records	water volume; steam mass; pressure; temperature; condensate return; reuse; evaporation estimate	Dedicated meter or documented batch recipe reconciled to site total	m3; kg	Per batch or continuous, reconciled monthly	Same period as product output	All included wet, cooling and steam-using operations	Preserve water and steam separately; reconcile water intake and discharge	Meter calibration; supplier statement; water balance
cp_output_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Intermediate and accepted product outputs	Production and quality-release records	product id; lot; gross mass; detachable packaging mass; net mass; item count; rejected mass; conditioning state	Weigh transferred and accepted outputs on calibrated scales	kg; item	Per lot	Same period as input records	All included lines and inspection points	Sum accepted net mass by exact product specification; exclude detachable packaging	Scale calibration; release certificate; count-to-mass sample
cp_waste_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Each solid or liquid waste other than wastewater	Waste log, container weight and transfer note	waste identity; source process; gross/tare/net mass; contamination; destination; recovery or treatment route	Weigh each waste stream at transfer	kg	Per transfer with monthly reconciliation	Same period as product output	All included processes and storage points	Sum by one material, contamination state and destination; no netting from inputs	Scale calibration; transfer note; contractor receipt
cp_wastewater_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Each wastewater stream	Flow meter, batch discharge and treatment record	source process; volume; density if used; treatment hand-off; monitored composition	Meter discharge or document batch volume at the treatment boundary	m3; kg	Continuous or per batch, reconciled monthly	Same period as product output	All included wet and cleaning operations	Sum by composition and receiving treatment; reconcile with water balance	Meter calibration; sampling record; treatment receipt
cp_direct_emission_records	integrated_textile_substrate; bag_conversion_finishing	Each direct air emission	Stack test, continuous monitor, permit calculation and fuel record	substance; compartment; concentration; gas flow; duration; fuel amount; factor source	Prefer measured emissions; otherwise use an approved calculation tied to collected activity data	kg	Per monitoring schedule and monthly calculation	Same period as product output	Every onsite combustion, printing, coating and abatement source	Calculate each substance separately and reconcile operating hours	Laboratory report; monitor calibration; permit factor; calculation sheet
cp_refrigerant_records	bag_conversion_finishing	Each refrigerant loss	Refrigerant service and stock record	refrigerant identity; opening charge; purchase; addition; recovery; closing charge	Annual or campaign stock balance for each refrigerant	kg	Per service event with annual reconciliation	Same period as product output	All included cooling systems	Loss equals opening stock plus purchases minus recovery and closing stock, checked against service records	Technician record; cylinder weights; equipment register
cp_packaging_records	bag_conversion_finishing	Each detachable dispatch packaging input	Packing bill and material issue record	packaging identity; issued mass; returned mass; packed product mass; shipment id	Weigh or calculate from verified unit mass and count	kg	Per shipment with monthly reconciliation	Same period as product output	All factory-gate dispatch packing	Sum each packaging material separately and normalize to net product mass	Supplier specification; unit-mass sample; shipment reconciliation
cp_quality_test_records	bag_conversion_finishing	Product conformity and qualifiers	Specification, test and inspection records	subtype; capacity; dimensions; mass; weave; seam; strength; coating; liner; lifting components; marking; result	Apply the declared product-specific standard and sampling plan	declared test units	Per production lot	Same period as product output	All released products	Link each accepted mass to a passed or dispositioned lot	Test report; equipment calibration; release authorization

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	All inventory rows	Normalized amount = reporting-period exchange amount / reporting-period net accepted product mass.	Collected exchange amount; net accepted product mass	Exchange per 1 kg reference product	eu-pef-2021
calc_inventory_consumption	Materials and chemicals	Net consumption = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented return to supplier or reusable recovery.	Stock and issue records	Net consumed mass by atomic material identity	eu-pef-2021
calc_item_to_mass	Count-based records	Product or reject mass = item count × representative measured mass per item for the same lot and subtype.	Item count; sample mass; sample count	Lot-specific product or reject mass	iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024
calc_material_balance	Each process	Inputs = transferred product + accepted product + wastes + emissions + documented stock change, evaluated on compatible mass and moisture bases; investigate and disclose residuals.	Material inputs; outputs; wastes; emissions; stock change	Process material-balance residual	eu-pef-2021
calc_shared_utility	Shared utilities	Allocated utility = reconciled facility total × documented physical driver share; allocated shares must sum to the source total.	Facility total; driver values by process/product	Utility amount assigned to each product	eu-pef-2021
calc_fuel_emissions	Onsite combustion	Direct emission = collected fuel activity × documented site, supplier or authoritative emission factor; calculate each substance and fuel separately.	Fuel amount; calorific conversion; emission factor	Direct substance emission	eu-textiles-bref-2023
calc_refrigerant_loss	Cooling systems	Refrigerant loss = opening charge + purchases/additions - recovered amount - closing charge, reconciled to service events.	Refrigerant stock and service records	Loss of one refrigerant to air	eu-pef-2021
calc_net_product_mass	Reference product	Net product mass = gross released mass - detachable dispatch packaging mass; permanently attached liners and fittings remain in product mass.	Gross mass; packaging mass; construction record	Net accepted reference-product mass	iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Product and all exchanges	Preserve exact product subtype, material chemistry, grade, construction, conditioning state, supplier gate and route; do not merge semantically different flows.	Specifications, supplier records, batch sheets and flow mapping review
dq_temporal	Foreground dataset	Cover at least 12 consecutive representative months or the entire shorter campaign, and explain shutdowns, start-up, abnormal production and seasonality.	Reporting-period calendar and production log
dq_completeness	Inputs and outputs	Reconcile purchases, issues, stock, accepted output, rejects, waste, wastewater and direct emissions; disclose every exclusion and unquantified stream.	Mass, water and energy balance with signed gap review
dq_measurement	Meters and scales	Use calibrated instruments suitable for the measured range and retain raw readings before conversion or allocation.	Calibration certificate, meter register and raw record
dq_representativeness	Aggregated dataset	Demonstrate representativeness before combining different fibre/polymer families, capacities, coated and uncoated products, FIBCs and small sacks, or integrated and conversion-only routes.	Production-share analysis and route-specific sensitivity
dq_source_traceability	Method and external evidence	Retain stable source identity and link each externally constrained rule to its source id; search snippets are not evidence.	Source register and original document review
dq_range_status	Important flows	Do not infer a range from one case or repeat a single value as both bounds. Until two independent boundary-compatible original sources support a range, retain site-specific collection and the manifest unresolved-range record.	Range evidence review and foreground records
dq_conformity	Released product	Link accepted product mass to the declared material, construction, performance, test and marking requirements for the applicable sack or FIBC subtype.	Product test report and release authorization

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	rule	source_ids
validation_scope	Dataset identity	Confirm that the reference product is an empty textile sack or bag used for packing goods within CPC 27150 and not a consumer bag, paper sack, non-textile film sack or rigid container.	un-cpc-v3-structure-2023
validation_reference_flow	Quantitative reference	Confirm exactly 1 kg net accepted finished product, excluding the packed good and detachable dispatch packaging but including permanently attached liners, loops and fittings.	iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024
validation_route_boundary	Process coverage	Verify that every controlled tape/fibre preparation, weaving, coating, lamination, printing, cutting, sewing, joining, assembly, inspection and packing operation is included and every purchased intermediate has an upstream dataset.	unido-jute-bag-factory-1990; sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021; eu-textiles-bref-2023
validation_atomic_inventory	Inventory rows	Reject grouped flow labels. Electricity, steam, each fuel, each refrigerant, water, each chemical, each packaging component, each waste stream and each direct emission must be represented by separate atomic exchanges.	eu-textiles-bref-2023; eu-pef-2021
validation_mass_balance	Materials and outputs	Check process mass balances on compatible conditioning bases and require investigation and disclosure of residuals; waste and reusable scrap must not be silently netted from input.	eu-pef-2021
validation_allocation	Shared processes	Confirm that subdivision was attempted first, every shared allocation uses a documented physical or justified economic driver, and allocated totals reconcile to source records.	eu-pef-2021
validation_product_conformity	Woven PP sacks and FIBCs	Verify the declared applicable standard, capacity, construction, test and marking evidence; flag any claim that this PCR itself confers conformity.	iso-23560-2015; iso-21898-2024; bis-is-14887-2014
validation_ranges	Quantitative ranges	Reject a range derived from one plant, one case, a search abstract, or identical lower and upper values. Accept an external empirical range only after two independent boundary-compatible original sources are documented.	eu-pef-2021
validation_uuid_status	Tiangong identities	Reject the Sewn Bag UUID for the reference product. Keep every unresolved semantic flow without a UUID until an exact state-100 Tiangong identity is confirmed.
validation_bilingual_alignment	English and Chinese PCR	Confirm identical ordered rule ids, process ids, row ids, source ids and controlled tokens, with accurate Chinese names for every concrete unresolved flow.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground production package for a route-specific textile sack or bag for packing goods; after review it may support a secondary_dataset or background_dataset projection
downstream_use	Factory-gate process datasets and lifecycle models that require a specific empty packing sack or bag input with declared construction and geography
allowed_use	Use for the declared material family, product subtype, capacity, construction, finishing system, facility technology, geography and reporting period; aggregation requires demonstrated representativeness
excluded_use	Consumer bags; paper or non-textile film sacks; rigid containers; filled goods; dangerous-goods conformity without the applicable legal specification; use, reuse or end-of-life modelling not separately supplied
required_metadata	PCR id and version; product subtype; intended packed good; capacity or safe working load; dimensions; full material composition; fabric construction and mass per area; liner/coating/printing/seam/FIBC component specification; net mass and conditioning state; included onsite operations; supplier gates; geography; technology; reporting period; allocation; cut-offs; UUID gaps; source ids
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; meter and scale coverage; calibration; mass/water/energy reconciliation; route representativeness; upstream dataset quality; allocation sensitivity; product conformity evidence; unresolved flow identities and unresolved range evidence
update_trigger	Change in material family, recycled content basis, capacity class, fabric or seam construction, liner/coating/printing system, FIBC design, supplier gate, technology, energy or fuel system, water/waste treatment, allocation driver, geography, applicable standard, product UUID availability or representative production mix

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-v3-structure-2023	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division. Central Product Classification Version 3.0 structure, code 27150. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Meetings/UNCEISC2023/8-3_Background3_CPC3_Structure.pdf	Official category identity and exclusion of adjacent product classes
iso-23560-2015	standard	ISO 23560:2015. Woven polypropylene sacks for bulk packaging of foodstuffs. https://www.iso.org/standard/65221.html	Woven PP sack scope, capacity, construction, testing and product qualifiers
iso-21898-2024	standard	ISO 21898:2024. Packaging — Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) for non-dangerous goods. https://www.iso.org/standard/83014.html	FIBC materials, construction, design, type testing, marking and safe-use qualifiers
bis-is-14887-2014	standard	Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 14887:2014, Textiles — HDPE/PP woven sacks for packaging of 50 kg food grains — Specification. https://www.bis.gov.in/is-14887-2014/?lang=en	Official confirmation of HDPE/PP woven textile sack material and food-grain packing scope
unido-jute-bag-factory-1990	official_guidance	UNIDO. Reactivation of the Jute Bag Factory: Economic Viability of a Bagging Factory, report 18352, 1990. https://downloads.unido.org/ot/48/40/4840782/15001-20000_18352.pdf	Jute route decomposition: batching, carding, drawing, spinning, weaving, damping, calendering, cutting, hemming, seaming, printing and baling; identification of electricity and water needs without using the single case as range evidence
eu-textiles-bref-2023	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre. Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Textiles Industry, EUR 31392 EN, JRC131874, DOI 10.2760/355887, 2023. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC131874	Conditional fabric production, coating, lamination, printing, finishing, wastewater and direct-emission inventory coverage
eu-pef-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj	System-boundary disclosure, company-specific manufacturing data, allocation hierarchy, data quality, traceability and validation logic
sharma-alagh-pp-packaging-2021	literature	Sharma, T.; Alagh, P. Process and factor analysis in the manufacturing of woven polypropylene packaging textiles. International Journal of Home Science 7(2), 109-115. DOI 10.22271/23957476.2021.v7.i2b.1155. https://www.homesciencejournal.com/archives/2021/vol7issue2/PartB/7-2-25-519.pdf	Original full-text evidence for PP resin/filler tape extrusion, stretching, weaving, printing, cutting, stitching, optional lamination, inspection, bundling and baling; no case values used as PCR ranges
patti-cicala-acierno-2020	literature	Patti, A.; Cicala, G.; Acierno, D. Eco-Sustainability of the Textile Production: Waste Recovery and Current Recycling in the Composites World. Polymers 13(1), 134. DOI 10.3390/polym13010134. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/1/134	Verified general textile production and solid-waste background only; explicitly not used for category-specific quantitative ranges