Other vegetable oils, crude or refined, n.e.c.

Other vegetable oils, crude or refined, n.e.c.: This PCR applies to factory-gate production of one botanically identified vegetable oil that belongs to the residual CPC…

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published version
Readiness: Review required
Last updated: 2026-09-02

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:21691 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products/meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats/other-vegetable-oils-crude-or-refined-n-e-csha256:b716fadd1169…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to factory-gate production of one botanically identified vegetable oil that belongs to the residual CPC 21691 category, in either a crude, virgin, cold-pressed, or refined state. The official scope includes crude and refined, but not chemically modified, babassu, palm-kernel, linseed, maize (corn), castor, sesame, tung, jojoba, vegetable-tallow and other vegetable oils not classified elsewhere. The data package shall name one botanical source and one released state; it shall not report an unspecified multi-oil average.

The foreground boundary begins with received oil-bearing seed, kernel, fruit, bran or germ when extraction is controlled by the reporting facility, or with received crude oil when only refining is controlled. It covers the actual receiving, cleaning, conditioning, size reduction, pressing or solvent extraction, clarification, degumming, chemical or physical refining, bleaching, deodorization, storage, packaging, directly controlled utilities, wastewater treatment, wastes, co-products and direct emissions through factory-gate release.

Named oils that have their own CPC subclasses, chemically modified or hydrogenated oils, essential oils, formulated blends, downstream foods, cultivation and external transport are excluded as reference products. A broader study may link those stages using separate datasets. Edible-oil claims shall identify the applicable product specification; non-food castor, tung, jojoba or other technical grades shall declare their intended grade and shall not claim Codex conformity.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	`pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.meat-fish-fruits-vegetables-oils-and-fats.other-vegetable-oils-crude-or-refined-n-e-c`
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 21691, Other vegetable oils, crude or refined, n.e.c.
covered_products	One botanically identified crude, virgin, cold-pressed or refined vegetable oil within the residual CPC 21691 scope, including the examples named in the official explanatory note
excluded_products	Soya-bean, groundnut, sunflower/safflower, rape/colza/mustard, palm, coconut, olive and cottonseed oils classified separately; hydrogenated, inter-esterified, re-esterified or elaidinised oils; essential oils; blends and preparations
representative_product	Sesame oil at factory gate, with the actual data package locked to its declared botanical oil and crude, virgin, cold-pressed or refined state
production_route	Integrated feedstock preparation and mechanical or solvent extraction followed by crude-oil finishing; or received crude oil followed by declared chemical or physical refining; storage, packaging and release as applicable
market_state	Net saleable oil at factory gate; bulk or packaged; liquid, semi-solid or solid at declared temperature; food or technical grade; crude, virgin, cold-pressed or refined

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Provision of one botanically identified other vegetable oil in the declared crude, virgin, cold-pressed or refined factory-gate state
How much	1 kg net conforming oil, excluding packaging mass
How well	Botanical identity, extraction and refining route, grade/specification, additive status, moisture and impurity basis, physical state and packaging status declared
How long or cycle	One released lot or a declared representative production period; no service life is assigned to this intermediate product
reference_flow_link	`release_reference_product` in `storage_packaging_release`

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Other vegetable oil, crude or refined, n.e.c.
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	botanical common and scientific name; oil-bearing material; crude, virgin, cold-pressed or refined state; mechanical, solvent, chemical-refining or physical-refining route; edible or technical grade; applicable specification; physical state and dispatch temperature; bulk or packaging bill of materials; site, geography and data period

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier shall be declared in metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. The reference product UUID remains unresolved because the available generic and refined-only Tiangong candidates do not cover this complete crude-or-refined semantic boundary.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_mass`	released reference product	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Normalize to 1 kg net conforming oil and exclude container and transport-packaging mass.
`botanical_route_lock`	feedstock, crude oil, intermediates and released oil	Mass	kg	Preserve one botanical identity and one route/state on every product row; do not aggregate different botanical oils or crude and refined states.
`wet_dry_basis`	seeds, kernels, bran, germ, cake and residue	Mass	kg	Record as-received mass and the moisture or dry-matter basis used in every yield or balance calculation.
`energy_carrier_separation`	electricity, steam, heat and fuels	Energy or carrier-specific property	kWh, MJ, kg or m3	Meter electricity and steam separately and record every fuel as its own carrier; prevent double counting fuel with generated steam or electricity.
`water_balance`	fresh water, recirculated water, evaporated water and wastewater	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Keep external withdrawal, internal recirculation and discharge separate and state density where mass-volume conversion is used.
`solvent_balance`	solvent extraction	Mass	kg	Reconcile solvent make-up, recovered solvent, solvent in product or cake, waste solvent and direct release for the same period.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received botanically identified oil-bearing material for an integrated extraction route, or received botanically identified crude oil for a refining-only route
starting_condition_role	Foreground manufacturing entry point; cultivation and external inbound transport remain in linked upstream datasets unless the study explicitly expands the boundary
product_classification_scope	One crude or refined vegetable oil in residual CPC 21691; the classification reference does not permit mixing botanical identities or route states
recursive_input_rule	Purchased oil from this same category is a distinct product input with its own upstream dataset and botanical/state qualifiers; it is not absorbed into the foreground reference output
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each feedstock, crude oil, electricity supply, steam or heat supply, fuel, water, chemical, processing aid, refrigerant and packaging material to a representative upstream dataset
disclosure	Declare botanical identity, starting material, process map, mechanical/solvent route, refining route, product state, utility system, water and solvent loops, co-products, wastes, allocation, packaging, site, geography, period and exclusions

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`boundary_route_complete`	foreground manufacture	Include every controlled operation from the declared receiving condition through release; a crude route stops after crude-oil finishing, while a refined route includes the actual degumming, neutralization when used, bleaching and deodorization steps.	`fao-oil-processing-1994`; `fao-cxc-79-2019`; `sun-rice-bran-oil-2022`; `gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025`
`boundary_atomic_exchanges`	inventory	Keep each botanical feedstock, electricity, steam, fuel, refrigerant, water, solvent, chemical, package, waste stream and emitted substance as a separate exchange.	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`boundary_route_conditionals`	conditional processes	Include only the feedstock, extraction, refining, winterization, storage, packaging and treatment operations actually performed; document bypassed or outsourced operations and link their datasets.	`fao-oil-processing-1994`; `fao-cxc-79-2019`
`boundary_direct_releases`	emissions and wastes	Include measured or calculated direct releases after control equipment, wastewater transfers, spent media, residues, off-spec oil and packaging waste with medium and destination.	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`boundary_upstream_downstream`	linked life-cycle stages	Link purchased inputs upstream; exclude distribution, downstream formulation, use and end of life from this factory-gate foreground dataset unless separately added.	`iso-14044-2006`; `eu-pef-method-2021`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`oil_material_preparation`	Oil-bearing material receiving and preparation	`conditional`	Include when seed, kernel, bran, germ or fruit preparation is controlled by the reporting facility	foreground feed preparation	kg prepared botanical feed
`oil_extraction_crude_finishing`	Oil extraction and crude-oil finishing	`conditional`	Include when the facility produces crude oil from botanical material	foreground extraction and separation	kg crude botanical oil
`oil_refining`	Chemical or physical oil refining	`conditional`	Include for refined reference product or when any refining step is controlled on site	foreground refining	kg refined botanical oil
`storage_packaging_release`	Storage, packaging and factory-gate release	`required`	Always; packaging cards apply only to packaged product	reference-product release	1 kg net released oil
`onsite_utilities_wastewater`	On-site utilities and wastewater treatment	`conditional`	Include controlled fuel conversion, steam generation, refrigeration or wastewater treatment	supporting foreground process	metered utility output or treated flow

Process: Oil-bearing material receiving and preparation (`oil_material_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Sesame seed (`prep_sesame_seed`)

Include only for a sesame route.

Selected flow: Sesame seed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted sesame-seed mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025; fao-oil-processing-1994

Shea kernel (`prep_shea_kernel`)

Include only for a shea route.

Selected flow: Shea kernel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted dry shea-kernel mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015; naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023

Rice bran (`prep_rice_bran`)

Include only for a rice-bran-oil route.

Selected flow: Rice bran
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted stabilized or unstabilized rice-bran mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; fao-oil-processing-1994

Corn germ (`prep_corn_germ`)

Include only for a corn-oil route.

Selected flow: Corn germ
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted corn-germ mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Oil palm kernel (`prep_palm_kernel`)

Include only for a palm-kernel-oil route.

Selected flow: Oil palm kernel
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted palm-kernel mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Linseed (`prep_linseed`)

Include only for a linseed-oil route.

Selected flow: Linseed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Net accepted linseed mass by lot.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Electricity (`prep_electricity`)

Electricity crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Submetered preparation electricity or documented causal share.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015

Steam (`prep_steam`)

Steam crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam enthalpy used for conditioning or heat treatment.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Natural gas (`prep_natural_gas`)

Natural gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Metered natural gas consumed by direct-fired preparation equipment only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process water (`prep_process_water`)

Process water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered external water used for washing or conditioning; exclude recirculation.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015; naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Ammonia refrigerant (`prep_ammonia_refrigerant`)

Ammonia refrigerant crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Ammonia refrigerant
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Stock-balance make-up attributable to chilled feed storage when used.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

No waste enters this process as a default input.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed; add each measured environmental uptake as its own atomic row.

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared sesame seed (`prep_prepared_sesame_seed`)

Prepared sesame seed crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Prepared sesame seed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured transfer after cleaning, conditioning, roasting and size reduction for the sesame route.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_process_outputs
Sources: gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025

Waste flows

Foreign material from feed preparation (`prep_foreign_material_waste`)

Foreign material from feed preparation crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Foreign material from oil-bearing feed preparation
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed removed foreign material by destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Elementary flows

Particulate matter to air (`prep_particulate_air`)

Particulate matter to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Particulate matter to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured release or validated calculation after dust control.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process: Oil extraction and crude-oil finishing (`oil_extraction_crude_finishing`)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared sesame seed (`extraction_prepared_sesame_seed`)

Prepared sesame seed crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Prepared sesame seed
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured sesame feed entering pressing or extraction; another botanical route adds its own exact atomic feed row.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025

Electricity (`extraction_electricity`)

Electricity crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Submetered drives, presses, pumps, filtration and solvent-recovery electricity.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Steam (`extraction_steam`)

Steam crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam enthalpy used in cooking, desolventizing or solvent recovery.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022

Natural gas (`extraction_natural_gas`)

Natural gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Metered gas used directly in extraction equipment; omit when only purchased steam crosses the boundary.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

n-Hexane (`extraction_hexane`)

n-Hexane crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: n-Hexane
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Solvent make-up from purchase and stock balance; include only for the declared solvent route.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process water (`extraction_process_water`)

Process water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered external water used for extraction, separation or cleaning.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015; naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Crude sesame oil (`extraction_crude_sesame_oil`)

Crude sesame oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Crude sesame oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured clarified crude sesame oil; another botanical route adds its own exact crude-oil row.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_process_outputs
Sources: gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025; fao-cxc-79-2019

Sesame press cake (`extraction_sesame_cake`)

Sesame press cake crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Sesame press cake
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed cake by moisture, residual-oil basis and destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude sesame oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_records
Sources: gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025; fao-oil-processing-1994

Waste flows

Spent filter medium (`extraction_spent_filter_medium`)

Spent filter medium crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Spent oil filter medium
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed spent medium including retained oil, by treatment destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Extraction wastewater (`extraction_wastewater`)

Extraction wastewater crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Vegetable-oil extraction wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered transfer to treatment or off-site destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Elementary flows

n-Hexane to air (`extraction_hexane_air`)

n-Hexane to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: n-Hexane to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured release or solvent-balance loss assigned to air after control; solvent route only.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_solvent_balance
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Particulate matter to air (`extraction_particulate_air`)

Particulate matter to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Particulate matter to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured release or validated calculation after control equipment.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg crude botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process: Chemical or physical oil refining (`oil_refining`)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude sesame oil (`refining_crude_sesame_oil`)

Crude sesame oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Crude sesame oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured crude sesame oil entering refining; another botanical route adds its own exact crude-oil row.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_material_receipts
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025

Process water (`refining_process_water`)

Process water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered external degumming, washing, vacuum-system and cleaning water; exclude recirculation.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Phosphoric acid (`refining_phosphoric_acid`)

Phosphoric acid crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Phosphoric acid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Recipe issue adjusted for concentration; include only when used.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Citric acid (`refining_citric_acid`)

Citric acid crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Citric acid
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Recipe issue adjusted for concentration; include only when used.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Sodium hydroxide (`refining_sodium_hydroxide`)

Sodium hydroxide crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active NaOH mass from solution concentration and issue records; chemical-neutralization route only.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Bleaching earth (`refining_bleaching_earth`)

Bleaching earth crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Bleaching earth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry clay charged to the represented batch.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Activated carbon (`refining_activated_carbon`)

Activated carbon crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Activated carbon
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry carbon charged; include only when used for contaminant removal.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Steam (`refining_steam`)

Steam crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered steam enthalpy for heating, stripping and deodorization.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022

Electricity (`refining_electricity`)

Electricity crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Submetered refining, vacuum, pumping, filtration and cooling electricity.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Natural gas (`refining_natural_gas`)

Natural gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Metered gas used directly in refinery equipment; omit when only purchased steam crosses the boundary.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Nitrogen gas (`refining_nitrogen`)

Nitrogen gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Nitrogen gas
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Metered or supplier-recorded nitrogen used for blanketing or stripping, when used.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_chemical_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Refined sesame oil (`refining_refined_sesame_oil`)

Refined sesame oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Refined sesame oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured conforming refined oil transferred to storage; another botanical route adds its own exact refined-oil row.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_process_outputs
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025

Wet gums (`refining_wet_gums`)

Wet gums crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Wet vegetable-oil gums
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed gums with moisture and destination declared.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Soapstock (`refining_soapstock`)

Soapstock crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Vegetable-oil soapstock
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed soapstock by moisture and destination; chemical-neutralization route only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Waste flows

Spent bleaching earth (`refining_spent_bleaching_earth`)

Spent bleaching earth crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Spent bleaching earth
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed spent clay including retained oil, by destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Deodorizer distillate (`refining_deodorizer_distillate`)

Deodorizer distillate crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Vegetable-oil deodorizer distillate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed distillate by batch and destination; physical-refining or deodorization route only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct_records
Sources: fao-cxc-79-2019; fao-oil-processing-1994

Refinery wastewater (`refining_wastewater`)

Refinery wastewater crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Vegetable-oil refinery wastewater
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered transfer to on-site treatment or off-site destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg refined botanical oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Elementary flows

No default direct emission is assumed. Add each measured emitted substance as an atomic row and keep on-site combustion emissions in onsite_utilities_wastewater.

Process: Storage, packaging and factory-gate release (`storage_packaging_release`)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude sesame oil (`release_crude_sesame_oil`)

Crude sesame oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Crude sesame oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured crude oil entering final storage; crude sesame route only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_process_outputs
Sources: fao-oil-processing-1994

Refined sesame oil (`release_refined_sesame_oil`)

Refined sesame oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Refined sesame oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured refined oil entering final storage; refined sesame route only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_process_outputs
Sources: fao-cxs-19-1981; fao-cxc-79-2019

Electricity (`release_electricity`)

Electricity crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Submetered storage, pumping, filling, cooling and loadout electricity.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: sun-rice-bran-oil-2022; eu-fdm-bat-2019

Natural gas (`release_natural_gas`)

Natural gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Metered gas for direct heated storage or filling; omit when absent.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Ammonia refrigerant (`release_ammonia_refrigerant`)

Ammonia refrigerant crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Ammonia refrigerant
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Stock-balance make-up assigned to cooled oil storage, when used.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Steel drum (`release_steel_drum`)

Steel drum crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Steel drum
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Drum count multiplied by verified net packaging mass and allocated to released oil.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

High-density polyethylene container (`release_hdpe_container`)

High-density polyethylene container crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: High-density polyethylene container
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Container count multiplied by verified net container mass and allocated to released oil.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Corrugated fibreboard box (`release_corrugated_fibreboard`)

Corrugated fibreboard box crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Box count multiplied by verified net box mass and allocated to released oil.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Reference other vegetable oil (`release_reference_product`)

Reference other vegetable oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Other vegetable oil, crude or refined, n.e.c.
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg net conforming oil after release losses and before packaging tare.
Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025; eu-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Off-spec vegetable oil (`release_off_spec_oil`)

Off-spec vegetable oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Off-spec vegetable oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed non-reworked oil by botanical identity and destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste high-density polyethylene (`release_waste_hdpe`)

Waste high-density polyethylene crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Waste high-density polyethylene
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed discarded HDPE packaging by destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste corrugated fibreboard (`release_waste_fibreboard`)

Waste corrugated fibreboard crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Waste corrugated fibreboard
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed discarded fibreboard by destination.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Elementary flows

Ammonia to air (`release_ammonia_air`)

Ammonia to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Ammonia to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Refrigerant stock-balance loss assigned to air unless recovery or another destination is documented.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_refrigerant_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Process: On-site utilities and wastewater treatment (`onsite_utilities_wastewater`)

Inputs

Product flows

Natural gas (`utility_natural_gas`)

Natural gas crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Natural gas
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
Amount rule: Metered boiler or thermal-utility gas consumption.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per metered utility output and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019; sun-rice-bran-oil-2022

Fuel oil (`utility_fuel_oil`)

Fuel oil crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Fuel oil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Metered or tank-reconciled boiler fuel-oil consumption.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per metered utility output and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Shea kernel residue fuel (`utility_shea_residue_fuel`)

Shea kernel residue fuel crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Shea kernel residue
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed dry shea residue combusted on site; shea route only.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per metered utility output and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
Sources: jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015; naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023

Wastewater-treatment electricity (`utility_treatment_electricity`)

Wastewater-treatment electricity crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Electricity, facility supply
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Submetered electricity for pumps, aeration, dewatering and controls.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per m3 wastewater treated and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Sodium hydroxide (`utility_sodium_hydroxide`)

Sodium hydroxide crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active NaOH mass used in wastewater treatment, from issue and concentration records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per m3 wastewater treated and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_treatment_chemical_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Ferric chloride (`utility_ferric_chloride`)

Ferric chloride crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Ferric chloride
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Active ferric-chloride mass used in treatment, from issue and concentration records.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per m3 wastewater treated and per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_treatment_chemical_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

No waste input is prescribed; wastewater remains recorded as the output of its source process and linked to this treatment process without duplicate external counting.

Elementary flows

No elementary input is prescribed.

Outputs

Product flows

Steam (`utility_steam`)

Steam crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Metered useful steam enthalpy delivered to foreground processes.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Treated process water (`utility_treated_water`)

Treated process water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Treated process water
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered treated water transferred for reuse; do not also count it as fresh withdrawal.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Waste flows

Wastewater-treatment sludge (`utility_wastewater_sludge`)

Wastewater-treatment sludge crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Vegetable-oil wastewater-treatment sludge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Weighed wet sludge with dry matter and destination declared.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (`utility_fossil_carbon_dioxide_air`)

Fossil carbon dioxide to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate from each fossil fuel separately using measured consumption and a reviewed factor.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Biogenic carbon dioxide to air (`utility_biogenic_carbon_dioxide_air`)

Biogenic carbon dioxide to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, biogenic, to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Calculate from biogenic fuel separately; do not merge with fossil carbon dioxide.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-pef-method-2021

Methane to air (`utility_methane_air`)

Methane to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Methane to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured or calculated separately for each combustion or treatment source.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Nitrous oxide to air (`utility_nitrous_oxide_air`)

Nitrous oxide to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured or calculated separately for each combustion or treatment source.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Nitrogen monoxide to air (`utility_nitrogen_monoxide_air`)

Nitrogen monoxide to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Nitrogen monoxide to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured release after control or calculation from measured fuel and operating data.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Sulfur dioxide to air (`utility_sulfur_dioxide_air`)

Sulfur dioxide to air crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Sulfur dioxide to air
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured release or calculation from fuel sulfur content and control efficiency.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_emission_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Chemical oxygen demand to water (`utility_cod_water`)

Chemical oxygen demand to water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Discharge volume multiplied by flow-proportional COD concentration after treatment.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

Total phosphorus to water (`utility_total_phosphorus_water`)

Total phosphorus to water crosses this process boundary as one atomic exchange; its quantity is obtained under the rule below.

Selected flow: Total phosphorus to water
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Discharge volume multiplied by flow-proportional total-phosphorus concentration after treatment.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg released oil
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
Sources: eu-fdm-bat-2019

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`allocation_subdivide_first`	extraction, refining, utilities and packaging	Avoid allocation through process subdivision, submetering and direct assignment; assign botanical-oil-specific preparation and finishing directly to that oil.	`iso-14044-2006`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`allocation_causal_physical`	inseparable oil and cake, meal, gums, soapstock or distillate	When subdivision is not feasible, use a physical relationship only when it reflects the causal relationship between inputs and outputs and document the parameter and moisture basis.	`iso-14044-2006`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`allocation_economic_fallback`	remaining multi-output burden	If no defensible physical relationship exists, use economic allocation with consistent prices at the common process exit and report price period, currency and sensitivity.	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`allocation_waste_status`	residues and off-spec outputs	Treat an output as a co-product when it has a documented market or beneficial use; otherwise record it as waste with treatment destination and do not apply an avoided-burden credit inside this unit process.	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015`
`allocation_internal_loops`	recovered oil, solvent, water, heat and rework	Record internal transfers once and prevent simultaneous external input, product credit or waste burden for the same quantity.	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `eu-fdm-bat-2019`

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_material_receipts`	`oil_material_preparation`; `oil_extraction_crude_finishing`; `oil_refining`	botanical feed and crude oil	weighbridge, scale, tank gauge, supplier certificate, batch ticket	botanical name; material state; lot; gross mass; tare; net mass; moisture; oil content when measured; origin; timestamp	reconcile accepted receipts, batch issues and stock	kg; % m/m	each lot or batch	same representative period as output	all represented sites and lines	sum by exact botanical material and state; never aggregate different oils	calibration; supplier certificate; rejection record; stock reconciliation
`cp_process_outputs`	all production processes	prepared feed, crude oil, refined oil and reference product	scale, tank gauge, meter, batch and release record	identity; route/state; mass; moisture; quality result; destination; opening/closing stock; timestamp	measure each transfer and reconcile tank or packaged stock	kg	each batch; period reconciliation	same period as inputs	every represented line	sum conforming output by exact botanical identity and state	calibration; batch reconciliation; laboratory release
`cp_energy_records`	all included processes	electricity and steam	meter, submeter, invoice, steam flow and condition record	meter readings; carrier; pressure; temperature; condensate return; equipment; batch assignment	direct metering preferred; otherwise documented causal allocation	kWh; MJ	continuous or each batch; monthly reconciliation	same period as output	all relevant meters and utility systems	subtract non-production loads; prevent double counting fuel-generated energy	calibration; invoice; meter map; allocation worksheet
`cp_fuel_records`	preparation, extraction, refining, release and utilities	each individual fuel	flow meter, tank gauge, purchase, stock and fuel specification	fuel identity; quantity; unit; density; heating value; sulfur; biomass moisture; equipment; period	reconcile purchase, stock and metering for each carrier	kg; m3; MJ	continuous or each delivery; monthly reconciliation	same period as output	every combustion unit	convert with documented carrier-specific factors; no generic fuel total	meter calibration; invoice; fuel certificate; stock balance
`cp_water_records`	preparation, extraction and refining	fresh and recirculated water	supply meter, submeter, cleaning log	source; readings; use; recirculation; evaporation estimate; destination	meter external make-up and internal loops separately	m3	continuous or each event; monthly reconciliation	same period as output	all represented water systems	external withdrawal minus documented export; do not count recirculation as repeated input	calibration; utility bill; loop diagram; balance closure
`cp_solvent_balance`	`oil_extraction_crude_finishing`	n-hexane	purchase, stock, recovery meter, product/cake test, waste and emission record	opening stock; purchase; closing stock; recovered solvent; product residue; cake residue; waste; release	complete period solvent mass balance	kg	each batch plus period reconciliation	same period as solvent route output	every solvent-using line	input equals recovery, stock, residues, waste and releases within disclosed closure	stock count; recovery calibration; test report; waste manifest
`cp_chemical_records`	`oil_refining`	each refining chemical or processing aid	purchase, issue, recipe, return and stock record	chemical identity; concentration; lot; opening; receipt; issue; return; closing; batch	calculate active substance separately for each chemical	kg active substance	each batch; monthly reconciliation	same period as output	all refining lines	opening plus receipts minus closing and returns; assign by actual recipe	invoice; certificate; recipe authorization; stock count
`cp_refrigerant_records`	preparation and release	ammonia refrigerant	cylinder, service and recovery log	refrigerant identity; opening stock; added; recovered; transferred; closing; incident	annual or campaign mass balance with event attribution	kg	each service event; annual reconciliation	same period as output	all included refrigeration systems	make-up minus recovery and stock change equals loss by documented destination	service certificate; leak test; cylinder record
`cp_packaging_records`	`storage_packaging_release`	each packaging component	bill of materials, count, sample mass, purchase and scrap record	material; component; units; sample mass; oil filled; return; scrap	count and verify component mass	kg; item	each packaging format; monthly reconciliation	same period as packaged output	all represented lines	component mass divided by net conforming oil; bulk product records zero packaging	BOM; calibrated scale; purchase and scrap reconciliation
`cp_coproduct_records`	extraction and refining	cake, gums, soapstock and distillate	scale, tank gauge, sales and destination record	identity; wet mass; dry matter; residual oil; quality; destination; price where allocated	measure each output and preserve product/waste decision	kg	each batch or dispatch	same period as output	every co-product outlet	sum by identity and destination; retain allocation inputs	calibration; sale record; destination evidence; laboratory result
`cp_waste_records`	all included processes	each waste stream	scale, manifest, collection and treatment record	waste identity; mass; moisture; hazardous status; destination; treatment; date	weigh each shipment or reconcile container counts	kg	each shipment	same period as output	all waste generation points	sum by exact waste and destination	scale calibration; manifest; contractor receipt
`cp_wastewater_records`	extraction, refining and treatment	wastewater and water emissions	influent/discharge meter, flow-proportional sample, laboratory report	volume; sampling time; COD; phosphorus; other substance concentrations; treatment; destination	meter flow and use representative composite sampling	m3; mg/L; kg	continuous flow; sampling by permit or justified plan	same period as output	all included discharge points	concentration × volume; sum by substance and destination	meter calibration; chain of custody; accredited laboratory report
`cp_emission_records`	all included processes	each direct air emission	stack test, continuous monitor, fuel and operating record	substance; concentration; flow; duration; fuel; control efficiency; uncertainty	direct measurement preferred; calculations retain formula and measured inputs	kg; mg/Nm3	continuous or representative campaign	same period as output	every included source	calculate and sum separately by substance and medium	monitor calibration; stack report; factor review; control log
`cp_treatment_chemical_records`	`onsite_utilities_wastewater`	each treatment chemical	purchase, issue, concentration and stock record	chemical; concentration; issue; return; opening/closing stock; treated volume	calculate active substance from solution records	kg active substance	each batch; monthly reconciliation	same period as wastewater	all treatment units	assign to treated volume and normalize to released oil	invoice; certificate; stock reconciliation; operator log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`calc_reference_normalization`	all inventory rows	normalized amount = period amount × documented allocation share ÷ net released oil mass	measured amount; allocation share; released oil mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	`eu-pef-method-2021`
`calc_mass_balance`	each production process	opening stock + product inputs = closing stock + product outputs + co-products + wastes + direct mass releases + unexplained difference	all mass and stock records	balance closure and unexplained difference	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015`; `naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023`
`calc_oil_yield`	extraction and refining	net conforming oil output ÷ as-received botanical feed or crude-oil input; report moisture, oil-content and route basis	input and output mass; moisture; route	route-specific yield, not a category default	`sun-rice-bran-oil-2022`; `gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025`
`calc_solvent_closure`	solvent route	opening stock + purchases = closing stock + recovered solvent + product/cake residues + wastes + releases + unexplained difference	complete solvent records	solvent closure and loss by destination	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`; `sun-rice-bran-oil-2022`
`calc_water_emission`	treated discharge	emitted substance mass = discharge volume × flow-proportional concentration with unit conversion	discharge volume; concentration; sampling coverage	kg substance per reference product	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`
`calc_allocation_share`	multi-output processes	apply the declared subdivision and allocation hierarchy; shares across co-products at one common process shall sum to one	direct assignments; physical parameters or consistent prices	reproducible allocation share	`iso-14044-2006`; `eu-pef-method-2021`

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
`dq_identity`	every product row	Preserve one botanical identity, material state, process route and grade from receipt through release; do not substitute a generic vegetable-oil identity for missing facts.	supplier certificate; lot genealogy; process map; release specification
`dq_measurement`	mass, energy, water, solvent, chemical and emissions	Use calibrated or verified systems and retain units, conversion factors, analytical methods, detection limits and uncertainty or limitations.	calibration register; laboratory report; conversion worksheet; meter map
`dq_temporal`	foreground period	Use a representative production year where available; justify a campaign and cover start-up, shutdown, cleaning and route changes that materially affect results.	production calendar; downtime log; representativeness statement
`dq_completeness`	process and exchange coverage	Reconcile material, solvent, water and energy records; disclose every missing measurement, proxy, exclusion and unresolved UUID; absence of a measurement is not evidence of zero.	balance worksheets; gap register; source-to-row trace
`dq_route_geography`	foreground and upstream datasets	Match botanical origin, extraction/refining technology, site geography, electricity and fuel supply, water source and period, or document the proxy and bias.	dataset metadata; supplier record; proxy justification
`dq_allocation`	multi-output operations	Retain subdivision evidence, quantities, physical parameters, prices, price period, currency and sensitivity needed to reproduce allocation.	allocation workbook; meter map; sales records; sensitivity result
`dq_range_status`	all important inventory rows	Treat the absence of a range as an explicit evidence gap; do not create a range from one case or from equal lower and upper values.	manifest unresolved-range record; literature review; review decision

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`validate_reference_flow`	reference product	Confirm exactly 1 kg net released oil, Mass property and mass unit group UUIDs, one botanical identity, one crude/virgin/cold-pressed/refined state and every required qualifier; fail if the unresolved product-flow UUID is represented as resolved.	`unsd-cpc-3-2025`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_scope_route`	process map and boundary	Confirm that the starting condition and route match the included processes and that every bypassed, outsourced or non-applicable operation is disclosed and linked where needed.	`fao-oil-processing-1994`; `fao-cxc-79-2019`
`validate_atomic_inventory`	all inventory rows	Reject any combined electricity/steam/fuel, chemical collection, packaging collection, waste collection or multi-substance emission row; each selected flow shall be one physical exchange.	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_balances`	material, solvent, water and energy	Recalculate closures from raw records, investigate unexplained differences and prevent double counting internal recovery, recirculation and utility conversion.	`eu-fdm-bat-2019`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_refining_route`	refined oil	Verify whether the route is chemical or physical and whether degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization inputs, residues, wastewater and operating conditions match the declared route.	`fao-cxc-79-2019`; `fao-oil-processing-1994`
`validate_coproduct_allocation`	cake, meal, gums, soapstock and distillate	Confirm product-versus-waste status, avoid allocation where feasible, apply the hierarchy consistently and require all shares at a common process to sum to one.	`iso-14044-2006`; `eu-pef-method-2021`
`validate_data_quality`	foreground package	Check identity, calibration, temporal coverage, site and route representativeness, source traceability, missing UUIDs, range gaps, proxies, cut-offs and update triggers.	`eu-pef-method-2021`; `eu-fdm-bat-2019`

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground gate-to-gate unit-process dataset for one botanically identified other vegetable oil in one declared factory-gate state
downstream_use	`secondary_dataset`; `background_dataset`
allowed_use	LCA models whose botanical oil, crude/refined state, route, grade, technology, geography, period and packaging match the dataset and whose upstream boundary is linked at the declared starting condition
excluded_use	Unspecified average vegetable oil; substitution for separately classified named oils; comparison of botanical oils or crude/refined states without aligned functions and qualifiers; chemically modified oil; cradle-to-gate claim when cultivation or received crude-oil production is absent
required_metadata	PCR id and lifecycle state; botanical common and scientific name; oil-bearing material; product state; route; grade/specification; site and geography; period; process map; energy, water and solvent systems; co-products and allocation; packaging; source ids; unresolved UUIDs and range evidence
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement and calibration coverage; material, solvent, water and energy closure; temporal, technological and geographical representativeness; missing data and proxies; cut-offs; allocation sensitivity; unresolved flow identities; absence of source-backed ranges; limitations
update_trigger	Change in botanical input, extraction or refining route, grade/specification, energy or water supply, solvent system, co-product destination or price, allocation, packaging, treatment, site coverage or data period; resolution of a UUID or range evidence gap

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
`unsd-cpc-3-2025`	`dataset`	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0, code 21691, 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/CPC (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Residual product scope, included botanical oil examples, crude/refined coverage and exclusion of chemically modified oils
`fao-cxs-19-1981`	`standard`	FAO/WHO, CXS 19-1981, Standard for Edible Fats and Oils Not Covered by Individual Standards, amended 2024, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%2019-1981/CXS_019e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Edible oil, virgin oil and cold-pressed oil definitions; grade and release-specification context; applicability limits
`fao-cxc-79-2019`	`official_guidance`	FAO/WHO, CXC 79-2019, Code of Practice for the Reduction of 3-MCPDEs and GEs in Refined Oils and Food Products Made with Refined Oils, 2019, https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXC%2079-2019/CXC_079e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Oilseed cleaning, grinding and heating; crude-oil treatment; chemical and physical refining; degumming, neutralization, bleaching, deodorization and route-dependent monitoring
`fao-oil-processing-1994`	`official_guidance`	FAO, Fats and Oils in Human Nutrition, Chapter 5, Processing and refining edible oils, 1994, https://www.fao.org/4/v4700e/v4700e0a.htm (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Small- and large-scale feed preparation, pressing and solvent extraction; oil-cake handling; alkaline and physical refining; process chemicals, effluent, filtration and deodorization
`eu-fdm-bat-2019`	`official_guidance`	European Commission, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries, 2019, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Process-flow and inventory requirements for water, energy, raw materials, wastewater, waste gas and residues; measurement and monitoring; hexane, wastewater and emission accounting
`iso-14044-2006`	`standard`	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, confirmed 2022, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html (retrieved 2026-08-23)	LCA/LCI goal, scope, inventory, interpretation, reporting and review framework; allocation and consistency context
`eu-pef-method-2021`	`official_guidance`	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I, Product Environmental Footprint Method, consolidated 2021 text, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/2021-12-30/eng (retrieved 2026-08-23)	Functional unit and reference flow; system boundary; company-specific manufacturing data; completeness, allocation, data quality, validation and disclosure
`jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015`	`literature`	Jasaw, G. S., Saito, O., and Takeuchi, K. (2015), Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) Butter Production and Resource Use by Urban and Rural Processors in Northern Ghana, Sustainability 7, 3592–3614, https://doi.org/10.3390/su7043592 (full text verified 2026-08-23)	Field-measured shea process sequence and material-flow boundary; kernels, water, fuelwood, electricity, residue and wastewater; no category range adopted
`naangmenyele-shea-input-output-2023`	`literature`	Naangmenyele, Z. et al. (2023), Fundamentals of shea butter production; input-output analyses and profit maximization in Northern Ghana, Research in Globalization 6, 100113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2023.100113 (open full text verified 2026-08-23)	Independent field input-output evidence for shea-kernel washing, crushing, roasting, milling, kneading, boiling, filtering, cooling, packaging, water, fuel, residue and wastewater; no category range adopted
`sun-rice-bran-oil-2022`	`literature`	Sun, L.-H., Wang, Y.-Y., and Gong, Y.-Q. (2022), Life cycle assessment of rice bran oil production: a case study in China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, 39847–39859, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18172-0 (author manuscript/full text verified 2026-08-23)	Rice-bran transport, crude-oil extraction, refining and storage process decomposition; electricity, fuel, wastewater and n-hexane relevance; case values not adopted as ranges
`gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025`	`literature`	Gonzalez, J. M. et al. (2025), Techno-economic and Environmental Assessment of a Biorefinery for the Valorisation of Sesame Crop, Chemical Engineering Transactions 117, 97–102, https://doi.org/10.3303/CET25117017 (publisher full text verified 2026-08-23)	Sesame drying/roasting, grinding, cold pressing, filtration, cake and refining route decomposition; simulation values not adopted as ranges

Raw downloads

These files are byte-identical to the canonical files for this revision in the repository.

pcr.en-US.md83 KB · b716fadd1169…
manifest.yaml4.8 KB · 11a92ee1b548…
pcr.zh-CN.md75 KB · 37126313ac2e…
structured.yaml98 KB · fff48ac2728b…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`boundary_route_complete`	foreground manufacture	Include every controlled operation from the declared receiving condition through release; a crude route stops after crude-oil finishing, while a refined route includes the actual degumming, neutralization when used, bleaching and deodorization steps.	fao-oil-processing-1994, fao-cxc-79-2019, sun-rice-bran-oil-2022, gonzalez-sesame-biorefinery-2025
`boundary_atomic_exchanges`	inventory	Keep each botanical feedstock, electricity, steam, fuel, refrigerant, water, solvent, chemical, package, waste stream and emitted substance as a separate exchange.	eu-fdm-bat-2019, eu-pef-method-2021
`boundary_route_conditionals`	conditional processes	Include only the feedstock, extraction, refining, winterization, storage, packaging and treatment operations actually performed; document bypassed or outsourced operations and link their datasets.	fao-oil-processing-1994, fao-cxc-79-2019
`boundary_direct_releases`	emissions and wastes	Include measured or calculated direct releases after control equipment, wastewater transfers, spent media, residues, off-spec oil and packaging waste with medium and destination.	eu-fdm-bat-2019, eu-pef-method-2021
`boundary_upstream_downstream`	linked life-cycle stages	Link purchased inputs upstream; exclude distribution, downstream formulation, use and end of life from this factory-gate foreground dataset unless separately added.	iso-14044-2006, eu-pef-method-2021

Allocation rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`allocation_subdivide_first`	extraction, refining, utilities and packaging	Avoid allocation through process subdivision, submetering and direct assignment; assign botanical-oil-specific preparation and finishing directly to that oil.	iso-14044-2006, eu-pef-method-2021
`allocation_causal_physical`	inseparable oil and cake, meal, gums, soapstock or distillate	When subdivision is not feasible, use a physical relationship only when it reflects the causal relationship between inputs and outputs and document the parameter and moisture basis.	iso-14044-2006, eu-pef-method-2021
`allocation_economic_fallback`	remaining multi-output burden	If no defensible physical relationship exists, use economic allocation with consistent prices at the common process exit and report price period, currency and sensitivity.	eu-pef-method-2021
`allocation_waste_status`	residues and off-spec outputs	Treat an output as a co-product when it has a documented market or beneficial use; otherwise record it as waste with treatment destination and do not apply an avoided-burden credit inside this unit process.	eu-pef-method-2021, jasaw-shea-resource-use-2015
`allocation_internal_loops`	recovered oil, solvent, water, heat and rework	Record internal transfers once and prevent simultaneous external input, product credit or waste burden for the same quantity.	eu-pef-method-2021, eu-fdm-bat-2019

Validation rules · 7

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`validate_reference_flow`	reference product	Confirm exactly 1 kg net released oil, Mass property and mass unit group UUIDs, one botanical identity, one crude/virgin/cold-pressed/refined state and every required qualifier; fail if the unresolved product-flow UUID is represented as resolved.	unsd-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_scope_route`	process map and boundary	Confirm that the starting condition and route match the included processes and that every bypassed, outsourced or non-applicable operation is disclosed and linked where needed.	fao-oil-processing-1994, fao-cxc-79-2019
`validate_atomic_inventory`	all inventory rows	Reject any combined electricity/steam/fuel, chemical collection, packaging collection, waste collection or multi-substance emission row; each selected flow shall be one physical exchange.	eu-fdm-bat-2019, eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_balances`	material, solvent, water and energy	Recalculate closures from raw records, investigate unexplained differences and prevent double counting internal recovery, recirculation and utility conversion.	eu-fdm-bat-2019, eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_refining_route`	refined oil	Verify whether the route is chemical or physical and whether degumming, neutralization, bleaching and deodorization inputs, residues, wastewater and operating conditions match the declared route.	fao-cxc-79-2019, fao-oil-processing-1994
`validate_coproduct_allocation`	cake, meal, gums, soapstock and distillate	Confirm product-versus-waste status, avoid allocation where feasible, apply the hierarchy consistently and require all shares at a common process to sum to one.	iso-14044-2006, eu-pef-method-2021
`validate_data_quality`	foreground package	Check identity, calibration, temporal coverage, site and route representativeness, source traceability, missing UUIDs, range gaps, proxies, cut-offs and update triggers.	eu-pef-method-2021, eu-fdm-bat-2019

Processes and inputs/outputs · 5

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`oil_material_preparation`	Oil-bearing material receiving and preparation	11	3
`oil_extraction_crude_finishing`	Oil extraction and crude-oil finishing	6	6
`oil_refining`	Chemical or physical oil refining	11	6
`storage_packaging_release`	Storage, packaging and factory-gate release	8	5
`onsite_utilities_wastewater`	On-site utilities and wastewater treatment	6	11

Complete field inspector

Loads this record’s complete manifest and structured projection on demand; values are never truncated. Requires JavaScript.

Other vegetable oils, crude or refined, n.e.c.

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Oil-bearing material receiving and preparation (oil_material_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Sesame seed (prep_sesame_seed)

Shea kernel (prep_shea_kernel)

Rice bran (prep_rice_bran)

Corn germ (prep_corn_germ)

Oil palm kernel (prep_palm_kernel)

Linseed (prep_linseed)

Electricity (prep_electricity)

Steam (prep_steam)

Natural gas (prep_natural_gas)

Process water (prep_process_water)

Ammonia refrigerant (prep_ammonia_refrigerant)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared sesame seed (prep_prepared_sesame_seed)

Waste flows

Foreign material from feed preparation (prep_foreign_material_waste)

Elementary flows

Particulate matter to air (prep_particulate_air)

Process: Oil extraction and crude-oil finishing (oil_extraction_crude_finishing)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared sesame seed (extraction_prepared_sesame_seed)

Electricity (extraction_electricity)

Steam (extraction_steam)

Natural gas (extraction_natural_gas)

n-Hexane (extraction_hexane)

Process water (extraction_process_water)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Crude sesame oil (extraction_crude_sesame_oil)

Sesame press cake (extraction_sesame_cake)

Waste flows

Spent filter medium (extraction_spent_filter_medium)

Extraction wastewater (extraction_wastewater)

Elementary flows

n-Hexane to air (extraction_hexane_air)

Particulate matter to air (extraction_particulate_air)

Process: Chemical or physical oil refining (oil_refining)

Inputs

Product flows

Crude sesame oil (refining_crude_sesame_oil)

Process water (refining_process_water)

Phosphoric acid (refining_phosphoric_acid)

Citric acid (refining_citric_acid)

Sodium hydroxide (refining_sodium_hydroxide)

Bleaching earth (refining_bleaching_earth)

Activated carbon (refining_activated_carbon)

Steam (refining_steam)

Electricity (refining_electricity)

Natural gas (refining_natural_gas)

Nitrogen gas (refining_nitrogen)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Refined sesame oil (refining_refined_sesame_oil)

Wet gums (refining_wet_gums)

Soapstock (refining_soapstock)

Waste flows

Spent bleaching earth (refining_spent_bleaching_earth)

Process: Oil-bearing material receiving and preparation (`oil_material_preparation`)

Sesame seed (`prep_sesame_seed`)

Shea kernel (`prep_shea_kernel`)

Rice bran (`prep_rice_bran`)

Corn germ (`prep_corn_germ`)

Oil palm kernel (`prep_palm_kernel`)

Linseed (`prep_linseed`)

Electricity (`prep_electricity`)

Steam (`prep_steam`)

Natural gas (`prep_natural_gas`)

Process water (`prep_process_water`)

Ammonia refrigerant (`prep_ammonia_refrigerant`)

Prepared sesame seed (`prep_prepared_sesame_seed`)

Foreign material from feed preparation (`prep_foreign_material_waste`)

Particulate matter to air (`prep_particulate_air`)

Process: Oil extraction and crude-oil finishing (`oil_extraction_crude_finishing`)

Prepared sesame seed (`extraction_prepared_sesame_seed`)

Electricity (`extraction_electricity`)

Steam (`extraction_steam`)

Natural gas (`extraction_natural_gas`)

n-Hexane (`extraction_hexane`)

Process water (`extraction_process_water`)

Crude sesame oil (`extraction_crude_sesame_oil`)

Sesame press cake (`extraction_sesame_cake`)

Spent filter medium (`extraction_spent_filter_medium`)

Extraction wastewater (`extraction_wastewater`)

n-Hexane to air (`extraction_hexane_air`)

Particulate matter to air (`extraction_particulate_air`)

Process: Chemical or physical oil refining (`oil_refining`)

Crude sesame oil (`refining_crude_sesame_oil`)

Process water (`refining_process_water`)

Phosphoric acid (`refining_phosphoric_acid`)

Citric acid (`refining_citric_acid`)

Sodium hydroxide (`refining_sodium_hydroxide`)

Bleaching earth (`refining_bleaching_earth`)

Activated carbon (`refining_activated_carbon`)

Steam (`refining_steam`)

Electricity (`refining_electricity`)

Natural gas (`refining_natural_gas`)

Nitrogen gas (`refining_nitrogen`)

Refined sesame oil (`refining_refined_sesame_oil`)

Wet gums (`refining_wet_gums`)

Soapstock (`refining_soapstock`)

Spent bleaching earth (`refining_spent_bleaching_earth`)

Deodorizer distillate (`refining_deodorizer_distillate`)

Refinery wastewater (`refining_wastewater`)

Process: Storage, packaging and factory-gate release (`storage_packaging_release`)

Crude sesame oil (`release_crude_sesame_oil`)

Refined sesame oil (`release_refined_sesame_oil`)

Electricity (`release_electricity`)

Natural gas (`release_natural_gas`)

Ammonia refrigerant (`release_ammonia_refrigerant`)

Steel drum (`release_steel_drum`)

High-density polyethylene container (`release_hdpe_container`)

Corrugated fibreboard box (`release_corrugated_fibreboard`)

Reference other vegetable oil (`release_reference_product`)

Off-spec vegetable oil (`release_off_spec_oil`)

Waste high-density polyethylene (`release_waste_hdpe`)

Waste corrugated fibreboard (`release_waste_fibreboard`)

Ammonia to air (`release_ammonia_air`)

Process: On-site utilities and wastewater treatment (`onsite_utilities_wastewater`)

Natural gas (`utility_natural_gas`)

Fuel oil (`utility_fuel_oil`)

Shea kernel residue fuel (`utility_shea_residue_fuel`)

Wastewater-treatment electricity (`utility_treatment_electricity`)

Sodium hydroxide (`utility_sodium_hydroxide`)

Ferric chloride (`utility_ferric_chloride`)

Steam (`utility_steam`)

Treated process water (`utility_treated_water`)

Wastewater-treatment sludge (`utility_wastewater_sludge`)

Fossil carbon dioxide to air (`utility_fossil_carbon_dioxide_air`)

Biogenic carbon dioxide to air (`utility_biogenic_carbon_dioxide_air`)

Methane to air (`utility_methane_air`)

Nitrous oxide to air (`utility_nitrous_oxide_air`)

Nitrogen monoxide to air (`utility_nitrogen_monoxide_air`)

Sulfur dioxide to air (`utility_sulfur_dioxide_air`)

Chemical oxygen demand to water (`utility_cod_water`)

Total phosphorus to water (`utility_total_phosphorus_water`)