Tanned or dressed furskins

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers production of a saleable, hair-on furskin after tanning or dressing. It starts with preserved raw pelts and ends with accepted dressed skins at the dressing site gate. Alum or other declared tanning routes and oil application may be represented only with the chemicals and operations actually used. The hair remains attached; hair-off leather, raw undressed pelts, artificial fur, fur garments, fur articles and contract dressing services as a service product are outside this product identity. CPC 28310 distinguishes dressed furskins from articles of furskin (28320) and artificial fur (28330) [cpc30]. Process descriptions are supported by [fur-quality-2022], [fur-activated-water] and [fur-tanning-2020].

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.knitted-or-crocheted-fabrics-wearing-apparel.tanned-or-dressed-furskins
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 28310 [cpc30]
covered_products	Hair-on animal furskins sold after tanning, tawing or dressing.
excluded_products	Raw furskins; hair-off leather; artificial fur; garments and other assembled fur articles; dressing service sold without ownership of the skin.
representative_product	Conditioned, saleable hair-on dressed furskin at the dressing site gate.
production_route	Record actual preservation, soaking, fleshing, tanning or tawing, drying, and finishing steps; dyeing is conditional.
market_state	Finished, conditioned, hair-on skin before garment assembly.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A finished hair-on dressed furskin material suitable for further fabrication.
How much	1 kg of accepted finished material.
How well	Hair retained and skin dressed to the declared specification and moisture condition.
How long or cycle	One completed dressing batch; no use-phase duration is claimed.
reference_flow_link	finished_furskin

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Finished hair-on dressed furskin
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	animal species; hair-on state; dressing route; preservation state of input; dye status; accepted output moisture condition; site and production period

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	finished_furskin	Mass	kg	Measure accepted conditioned net output mass using cp_output; exclude transport packaging.
batch_normalization	all inventory rows	Row-specific property	row-specific unit per kg	Divide attributable batch exchange by accepted finished output kg for the same batch; retain the original meter and weighbridge records.
electricity_conversion	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Convert metered kWh to MJ with the physical identity 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; do not use a fuel heating value.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Preserved raw hair-on pelts received at the dressing site; species and preservation condition declared.
starting_condition_role	Purchased or transferred raw material with its upstream production represented separately.
product_classification_scope	Dressed furskin product only; not assembled articles or service transactions.
recursive_input_rule	A purchased already-dressed furskin used for re-dressing remains a separately identified input with upstream burden; do not relabel it raw pelt or net it against output.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link raw pelt, purchased chemicals, water, electricity, gas and waste treatment to state- and geography-appropriate upstream datasets.
disclosure	Declare site gate, route, included steps, outsourced work, dye status, direct fuel combustion and treatment boundary.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_included	foreground dressing	Include receipt, soaking, fleshing, tanning or tawing, drying and finishing operations that turn raw hair-on pelts into accepted dressed material.	fur-quality-2022; fur-tanning-2020
boundary_conditional	route-specific operations	Include dyeing, oil application, drum cleaning and on-site fuel combustion only when performed; report any omitted or outsourced stage.	fur-quality-2022; fur-activated-water; fur-tanning-2020
boundary_upstream	incoming raw pelt and supplies	Keep upstream raw-pelt production and supply processes linked as background datasets, without treating those activities as measured dressing foreground.	cpc30

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
dress_furskin	Integrated pelt preparation, tanning or tawing, drying and finishing	required	Every accepted finished batch; conditional materials are recorded only when actually used.	foreground transformation	1 kg accepted finished furskin

Process: Integrated fur dressing (dress_furskin)

The process includes site operations from raw-pelt receipt through conditioned finished output. Record separate stage meters where available; allocate shared site meters only with documented physical drivers. Its chemical routes are alternatives in the actual batch recipe, not a requirement to charge every listed chemical [fur-quality-2022; fur-activated-water; fur-tanning-2020].

Inputs

Product flows

Preserved hair-on raw furskin (raw_pelt)

all batches; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Preserved hair-on raw furskin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Input mass of preserved pelts accepted into the batch; record preservation state and moisture condition.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Process Water (process_water)

all wet-processing batches; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Meter or weigh water added to soaking, rinsing and tanning; allocate measured batch total.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water

Sodium chloride (sodium_chloride)

when sodium chloride is charged; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Sodium chloride a413ea86-0887-42c8-be77-3bee86d5863b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh purchased sodium chloride actually charged to preservation, soaking or pickling.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Potassium aluminum sulfate (potassium_alum)

only for alum-tawing route; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Potassium aluminum sulfate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh the declared potassium alum formulation charged to alum tawing.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Fish Oil (fish_oil)

only when fish oil is used; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Fish Oil dacba994-e061-44ed-940e-61f7820422c6
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh fish oil charged for oil tannage or lubrication; do not count other oils as this flow.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Alternating current (electricity)

when purchased electricity is used; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 4d0361a3-56cc-45f9-aa42-bb9103285bf9
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Record metered alternating-current electricity attributable to dressing; convert kWh to MJ by 3.6 MJ/kWh.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy

natural gas in the gaseous state (natural_gas)

only when on-site natural gas is used; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Record metered gaseous natural gas used for on-site process heat or drying.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy

Loose hardwood sawdust (hardwood_sawdust)

only when sawdust drum cleaning is used; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Loose hardwood sawdust
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh fresh sawdust added to drum cleaning, excluding reused material until replenished.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material

Outputs

Product flows

Finished hair-on dressed furskin (finished_furskin)

all accepted output; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Finished hair-on dressed furskin
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output

Waste flows

Pelt flesh and fat trimmings (fleshing_waste)

when fleshing removes tissue; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Pelt flesh and fat trimmings
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh separately collected flesh-side trimmings leaving the foreground site.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste

Spent fur-dressing aqueous liquor (spent_liquor)

when wet processing discharges liquor; collect batch records and normalize to 1 kg accepted finished output except for the reference output itself.

• Selected flow: Spent fur-dressing aqueous liquor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure discharged aqueous liquor before on-site treatment; do not combine with sludge.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared operations	First subdivide separately metered or weighed operations and avoid allocation where measured stage records identify a product batch.	ghg-product
allocation_shared	unavoidable shared utilities	If subdivision is impossible, assign common electricity, fuel and water using a documented causal driver such as stage operating time and rated load; disclose driver, numerator, denominator and residual. Do not allocate by output mass when it would hide route-specific energy differences.	ghg-product
allocation_outputs	recoverable co-products	Keep saleable recovered material separate from waste and document any physical or economic allocation used; show both gross exchanges and allocated burdens.	ghg-product

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

| protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | cp_output | dress_furskin | finished output | batch weigh record | batch id; species; route; accepted net mass; moisture condition | Weigh saleable conditioned skins on calibrated scale excluding packaging. | kg | each batch | representative production period | dressing site | per 1 kg reference flow | calibration and acceptance records | | cp_material | dress_furskin | pelt and chemicals | goods receipt and batch issue | batch id; material identity; input state; issued mass; returns | Reconcile supplier and batch issue records with calibrated weighing. | kg | each batch | representative production period | dressing site | per 1 kg reference flow | invoices, inventory reconciliation and scale checks | | cp_water | dress_furskin | process water | meter record | batch id; meter start/end; shared-use driver | Read calibrated water meter and document any batch allocation. | kg | each batch or meter period | representative production period | dressing site | per 1 kg reference flow | meter calibration and reconciliation | | cp_energy | dress_furskin | electricity and gas | meter and fuel record | batch id; kWh; gas m3; operating time; shared-use driver | Read separate electricity and gas meters; document batch attribution and kWh-to-MJ conversion. | MJ; m3 | each batch or meter period | representative production period | dressing site | per 1 kg reference flow | meter bills and allocation worksheet | | cp_waste | dress_furskin | tissue waste and spent liquor | dispatch or treatment record | batch id; material identity; measured mass; treatment route | Weigh or meter each distinct waste stream before on-site treatment or dispatch. | kg | each batch | representative production period | dressing site | per 1 kg reference flow | transfer note, meter and treatment log |

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_batch	all inventory rows	q_ref = q_batch / m_finished; q_batch is the attributable batch exchange in its row unit; m_finished is accepted finished mass in kg for the same batch.	q_batch; m_finished; cp_output	exchange per 1 kg accepted finished furskin
convert_electricity	electricity	MJ = kWh × 3.6.	kWh; cp_energy	MJ of electricity input

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	each batch	Declare species, hair-on state, actual route, preservation and final moisture state; do not mix raw and dressed skins.	batch traveller and acceptance record
dq_completeness	each batch	Reconcile input, accepted output, rejected product and separately identified waste; explain missing streams and shared meters.	mass-balance worksheet and utility reconciliation
dq_time	reporting period	Report site, period, batch coverage, outsourcing and allocation drivers.	production register and supplier or contractor records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference	finished output	Confirm finished_furskin is hair-on, dressed, conditioned and weighed net in kg; reject raw pelt or wet-blue intermediate as an unqualified reference flow.	cpc30; fur-activated-water
validate_inventory	inventory rows	Check each exchange has an atomic material identity, route applicability, attributable quantity, unit and collection evidence; unresolved UUIDs remain explicit.	fur-quality-2022; fur-tanning-2020
validate_mass	batch records	Confirm every normalized batch row uses the same accepted output mass denominator and that waste streams are not netted against input.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground dressed-furskin production dataset.
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset after review and publication.
allowed_use	Declared hair-on furskin route and market state at the stated site and period.
excluded_use	Raw furskin, hair-off leather, artificial fur, garments, and unqualified proxy substitution.
required_metadata	Species; preservation; route; dye status; moisture condition; site; period; production volume; allocation basis.
required_quality_disclosure	Data gaps, unresolved UUIDs, conditional steps, meter coverage, batch yield, waste treatment and source age.
update_trigger	Material change in route, species mix, input state, energy supply or product specification.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
cpc30	official_guidance	UN Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv	product identity and adjacent exclusions
fur-quality-2022	literature	Gaidău, Amanatidou and Tonea, Fur Skin – A Valuable Material, Considerations on Quality Assessment, Leather and Footwear Journal 22(2), 2022, https://revistapielarieincaltaminte.ro/revistapielarieincaltaminteresurse/en/fisiere/full/vol22-nr2/article5_vol22_issue2.pdf	Figure 1 identifies preparation, industrial wet processing, tanning, dyeing and finishing stages; qualitative only
fur-activated-water	literature	Danylkovych, Lishchuk and Romaniuk, Use of electrochemically activated aqueous solutions in the manufacture of fur materials, SpringerPlus 5:214, 2016, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4771650/	Rabbit and nutria fur soaking, degreasing, alum and chromium tanning, greasing and drying; experimental route only
fur-tanning-2020	literature	Yefimchuk et al., Multicriteria Compromise Optimization for Leather and Fur Skin Materials Tanning Technology, Leather and Footwear Journal 20(2), 2020, https://lib.lntu.edu.ua/sites/default/files/2021-01/article9_vol20_issue2.pdf	Rabbit fur wetting, pickling, tanning, greasing and drying sequence; experimental route only
ghg-product	standard	GHG Protocol, Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard, 2011, https://ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdf	allocation avoidance and disclosure method; applied to this product by author judgement