Potatoes

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to primary potato (Solanum tuberosum) production from planting through harvest, dry field cleaning, sorting, and loading of fresh, unprocessed tubers at the farm gate. It covers open-field and protected cultivation when the production route, geography, crop cycle, planting-material origin, irrigation condition, and farm-gate preparation are declared.

The default boundary excludes seed-potato multiplication as a marketed seed service, washing, curing or storage after farm-gate hand-off, packing for retail, processing, freezing, drying, cooking, transport after the farm gate, and consumer use. A dataset may include an excluded activity only through a separately declared extension that keeps its inventory and quantitative reference distinguishable.

The flow cards below are requirements for obtaining a foreground inventory.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.potatoes
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 01510 Potatoes; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	fresh, unprocessed potato tubers harvested for food, feed, or other non-seed use and handed off at the farm gate
excluded_products	certified or marketed seed potatoes; sweet potatoes; cassava; yams; taro; processed, preserved, frozen, dried, cooked, peeled, or retail-packed potatoes
representative_product	marketable fresh potato tubers
production_route	planting material receipt; soil and crop management; harvest; dry cleaning and sorting; farm-gate loading
market_state	fresh, unprocessed, as-received wet mass at farm gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	marketable fresh, unprocessed potato tubers at the farm gate
How much	1,000 kg as-received wet mass
How well	meets the producer's declared sale or transfer specification, with soil, culls, severe damage, and non-marketable material excluded from the reference amount
How long or cycle	one declared potato crop cycle through farm-gate loading
reference_flow_link	reference_potatoes_output

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Potatoes; fresh, unprocessed produce; production mix, at farm gate 65443696-51af-4ba8-8f73-06d434a36605
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	geography; cultivar or declared variety group; crop year and cycle; intended use; production system; irrigation condition; harvested area; yield; moisture or as-received basis; farm-gate preparation; product grade; allocation treatment

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference potatoes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground exchanges to 1,000 kg accepted potatoes on the declared as-received basis; do not mix dry-matter and wet-mass bases without a documented conversion.
area_and_yield	field activity and yield	area and mass	ha and kg	Use the same harvested area and crop-cycle output to calculate yield and to normalize area-based inputs and emissions.
nutrient_product_and_content	nutrient products	product mass and declared nutrient content	kg product and kg N, kg P2O5, kg K2O, or explicitly declared equivalent	Preserve every actual fertilizer or amendment product mass; calculate nutrient contents separately and never replace product identity with nutrient mass.
energy_carrier_preservation	electricity and fuels	carrier quantity and energy	kWh, L, kg, or MJ as applicable	Retain the measured carrier unit and conversion factor; do not aggregate different carriers until each emitted exchange has been identified.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	planting tubers and purchased inputs cross the farm production boundary before establishment of the declared crop
starting_condition_role	foreground crop-cycle start
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 01510 fresh potatoes; classification is mapping context and does not replace the semantic product boundary
recursive_input_rule	Potato tubers retained or purchased for planting are recorded as a separate planting-material input with seed-grade and origin qualifiers; do not count them as part of the current crop's reference output.
upstream_dataset_requirement	use geographically and technologically representative upstream datasets for each concrete planting material, nutrient product, crop-protection product, water supply, and energy carrier
disclosure	declare crop cycle, geography, production system, seed-tuber origin, irrigation condition, field area, yield, residue and reject fate, and any post-harvest extension

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_start_end	foreground system	Start when planting material and purchased inputs enter the represented crop cycle; end when accepted fresh tubers are dry-cleaned or field-sorted and loaded at the farm gate.	fao-root-tuber-concepts-2003; ilcd-handbook-2010
boundary_input_completeness	field management	Include actual planting material, nutrient and soil-amendment products, crop-protection products, irrigation supply, and operational energy when used; report zero only from supporting records.	fao-save-and-grow-2011
boundary_soil_emissions	managed soil	Include applicable direct and indirect soil emissions caused by nitrogen inputs, crop residues, urea, and liming under one disclosed method; prevent double counting with upstream datasets.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
boundary_land_change	land transformation	Land-use change is outside the default crop-cycle inventory unless a study rule requires it; if included, disclose method, time horizon, land history, and allocation separately.	ilcd-handbook-2010
boundary_post_gate	downstream activities	Exclude transport, storage, washing, packaging, and processing after the farm-gate hand-off unless a distinct extension is declared.	ilcd-handbook-2010

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation	Potato cultivation and farm-gate preparation	required	always	foreground biological production and farm-gate hand-off	1,000 kg accepted fresh potatoes

Process: Potato cultivation and farm-gate preparation (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Planting tubers supplied (planting_tubers_input)

Record purchased or farm-retained planting tubers as a separate physical input with origin, variety, quality status, and storage condition. The final data package must resolve the actual planting-material flow; a generic agricultural-input candidate is not an acceptable identity.

• Selected flow: Seed-grade potato planting tubers; foreground identity required

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured mass entering the declared crop cycle

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

• Sources: fao-save-and-grow-2011

Fertilizer, urea input (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

Cattle manure, as applied input (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

Agricultural limestone input (potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_activity_records

Irrigation water supplied (irrigation_water_input)

Record supplied irrigation water only for irrigated production. Rainfed production records zero irrigation when field evidence confirms that no irrigation water crossed the product-input boundary.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water supply

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: metered, delivery-recorded, or reconciled volume applied to the represented fields

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_energy_records

• Sources: fao-save-and-grow-2011

Electricity, medium voltage input (operational_energy_input)

Include this conditional card only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_energy_records

Diesel fuel input (operational_energy_input_diesel)

Include this conditional card only when Diesel fuel is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_water_and_energy_records

Required crop-protection records: before completing the foreground package, enumerate every actually applied formulated product separately, retaining trade name, active ingredient, salt or chemical form, concentration, density where needed, application quantity, date and treated area. Select one physically specific product identity per exchange. Derive active-substance releases separately by substance and receiving compartment. Missing formulation identity is a completeness gap; do not replace it with a generic pesticide, invented example, or assumed zero.

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Land occupation (land_occupation_input)

Record the net cultivated area and duration attributable to the represented crop cycle.

• Selected flow: Land occupation for potato cultivation

• Flow property / unit: Area-time / m2*a or site-supported equivalent

• Amount rule: harvested field area multiplied by the declared occupation duration and normalized to accepted yield

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_and_harvest_records

• Sources: fao-root-tuber-concepts-2003

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable fresh potatoes (reference_potatoes_output)

This is the single terminal quantitative reference. The amount excludes soil, field residues, culls, severe damage, and other material outside the declared sale or transfer specification.

• Selected flow: Potatoes; fresh, unprocessed produce; production mix, at farm gate 65443696-51af-4ba8-8f73-06d434a36605

• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: exactly 1,000 kg after normalization

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)

• Specificity: Generic (generic) Raw activity or stage basis: PCR reference flow.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

• Sources:

Secondary usable potatoes transferred (secondary_potato_product_output)

Record off-grade or small tubers as a separate product output only when they have a documented beneficial destination or sale. Preserve grade, destination, and as-received mass; do not silently include them in the reference amount.

• Selected flow: Potatoes; fresh, unprocessed produce; production mix, at farm gate

• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg

• Amount rule: measured as-received mass by documented beneficial destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_and_harvest_records

• Sources:

Verify this intermediate state or co-product grade independently; the reference-output UUID is not evidence for this row.

Waste flows

Removed potato biomass sent as waste (removed_potato_biomass_waste)

Record only haulm, damaged tubers, or rejected tubers that leave the foreground as waste. Keep material identity and destination separate. Current candidates describe food-plant trimming waste and are not exact identities for this farm-gate row.

• Selected flow: Removed potato biomass waste; foreground identity and destination required

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured or reconciled wet mass by material and destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_field_and_harvest_records

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Elementary flows

Nitrous oxide emitted to ambient air (soil_nitrous_oxide_output)

Calculate direct and applicable indirect nitrous oxide emissions from collected nitrogen-input, residue, soil, climate, volatilization, and leaching activity data using one declared geographically applicable method.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide emission to ambient air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: apply the selected IPCC tier or geographically applicable method to fertilizer N, organic N, returned-residue N, volatilization, and leaching pathways

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_soil_emission_activity

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Calculation method corresponds to Section 8 rules: calc_managed_soil_n2o.

Carbon dioxide emitted from urea or liming (soil_carbon_dioxide_output)

Record this emission only when urea or carbonate liming materials are applied and the selected method requires the pathway.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide emission to ambient air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CO2

• Amount rule: apply the selected urea or liming carbon-content method to collected application records

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_soil_emission_activity

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Nitrate released to water (nitrate_to_water_output)

Calculate nitrate loss only where the selected nutrient-loss method and site conditions support a water pathway; retain the receiving-water context.

• Selected flow: Nitrate emission to water

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NO3-

• Amount rule: apply the selected nutrient-loss method to collected nitrogen activity and site conditions

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_soil_emission_activity

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

Final exchange mass is kg NO3-; retain N-based activity, factors and screens in a separate ledger. Convert only the mass of N attributed to this chemical species by 62/14 exactly once, then normalize once to the accepted reference output. Do not treat total nutrient balance, soil retention or unexplained deficit as this release. Record each actual receiving compartment separately. Any gas-volume record requires its measured temperature, pressure and a supported mass conversion; it is not interchangeable with compound mass.

Phosphate released to water (phosphate_to_water_output)

Calculate phosphate loss only where erosion, runoff, drainage, or another selected method supports the pathway; retain phosphorus basis and receiving-water context.

• Selected flow: Phosphate emission to water

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg PO4

• Amount rule: apply a declared geographically applicable phosphorus-loss method to collected activity and site conditions

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per declared crop cycle and per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_soil_emission_activity

• Sources: fao-save-and-grow-2011

Final exchange mass is kg PO4; retain P-based activity, factors and screens in a separate ledger. Convert only the mass of P attributed to this chemical species by 95/31 exactly once, then normalize once to the accepted reference output. Do not treat total nutrient balance, soil retention or unexplained deficit as this release. Record each actual receiving compartment separately. Any gas-volume record requires its measured temperature, pressure and a supported mass conversion; it is not interchangeable with compound mass.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	field and farm-gate operations	Prefer subdivision and direct measurement of operations and outputs before applying allocation.	iso-14044-2006; ilcd-handbook-2010
allocation_reference_and_secondary	accepted and secondary usable potatoes	If both outputs share inseparable burdens, apply economic allocation using contemporaneous farm-gate values; disclose grade, moisture basis, prices, and a mass-allocation sensitivity.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_residue_and_waste	retained residues and waste outputs	Do not allocate burdens to material retained or incorporated in the field or sent as waste; include its management and applicable emissions in the foreground.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
allocation_seed_feedback	farm-retained planting tubers	Record the retained seed-grade tubers as an input to the next crop cycle and an output or internal transfer of the producing cycle; prevent double counting across cycles.	ilcd-handbook-2010

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_field_activity_records	potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation	planting material, nutrient products, crop protection	field log, invoice, application record, product label	field_id; crop_cycle; product_identity; amount; unit; nutrient_or_active_content; date; application_method	reconcile physical products and application events to each represented field; Raw aggregation and attribution: retain each product identity, sum matched events, and normalize using same-cycle accepted yield	kg; L; kg nutrient	each receipt and application	complete crop cycle	all represented fields	per declared reference flow	invoices; labels; calibrated equipment; field logs
cp_water_and_energy_records	potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation	irrigation water and energy carriers	meter, delivery, invoice, tank, machinery, or contractor record	field_id; meter_or_equipment_id; carrier; amount; unit; date; operation; shared_use_basis	reconcile direct and contractor use to fields and crop cycle; Raw aggregation and attribution: retain carriers separately; allocate shared records by documented operating time, area, or measured service	m3; kWh; L; kg; MJ	each event or meter period	complete crop cycle	all included equipment and fields	per declared reference flow	meter calibration; invoices; tank reconciliation; contractor statement
cp_field_and_harvest_records	potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation	area, accepted potatoes, secondary output, waste, residue fate	field register, scale ticket, yield monitor, grade record, destination record	field_id; planted_area; harvested_area; harvest_date; gross_tuber_mass; accepted_mass; secondary_mass; waste_mass; residue_fate; destination; moisture_basis	reconcile harvested area and all measured outputs to the same crop cycle; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by output class and destination; normalize to 1,000 kg accepted potatoes	ha; kg; percent	each field and harvest lot	complete crop cycle through farm-gate loading	all represented fields and lots	per declared reference flow	calibrated scales; area records; grade specification; transfer or waste receipt
cp_soil_emission_activity	potato_cultivation_and_farm_gate_preparation	managed-soil emissions	nutrient, residue, soil, weather, irrigation, and model records	fertilizer_N; organic_N; residue_N; urea; lime; soil; climate; drainage; factor_set; model_version	Within each compatible route/product/state, calculate attributable raw totals by field first. Aggregate final intensity = sum(attributable raw quantities) * declared reference quantity / sum(matched accepted final outputs). When source quantities are per-ha rates e_h and y_h, first recover raw totals as e_harea and y_harea; do not area-weight field totals again. A per-product intensity is weighted by its matched output, not area or an unweighted mean. Apply existing allocation once, preserve period/throughput and all source-unit conversions, and keep incompatible routes separate.	kg N; kg material; kg emission; ha	each event and crop-cycle calculation	complete crop cycle	all represented fields	per declared reference flow	source records; factor provenance; model file; independent unit check

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_area_to_reference_flow	area-based flows	crop-cycle amount per harvested hectare divided by accepted potato yield per harvested hectare, multiplied by 1,000 kg	amount; harvested area; accepted mass	amount per 1,000 kg accepted potatoes	fao-root-tuber-concepts-2003
calc_nutrient_content	nutrient products	actual product mass multiplied by declared nutrient fraction; preserve whether phosphorus and potassium are elemental or oxide-equivalent	product identity; product mass; assay; reporting basis	product mass and nutrient mass by product
calc_energy_carriers	operational energy	retain actual carrier quantity; apply documented density or lower/heating-value conversion only when required	carrier identity; quantity; unit; conversion factor	carrier amount and energy by identity
calc_managed_soil_n2o	soil nitrous oxide	apply the selected IPCC tier or geographically applicable method to fertilizer N, organic N, returned-residue N, volatilization, and leaching pathways	collected nitrogen activity; residue fate; soil and climate; selected factors	kg N2O by pathway	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_output_balance	harvest outputs	gross harvested tuber mass equals accepted reference potatoes plus secondary usable potatoes plus waste and measured handling loss within declared uncertainty	matched scale and grade records	reconciled output classes	mass-balance-identity
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_soil_emission_activity; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_product_identity	reference and secondary outputs	Confirm potato tubers rather than sweet potatoes or another root crop; retain cultivar, intended use, grade, state, and farm-gate hand-off.	crop, lot, and transfer records
dq_temporal_alignment	all foreground rows	Inputs, area, harvest output, residue fate, and emissions must refer to the same crop cycle; disclose proxy periods.	dated field, meter, and harvest records
dq_mass_area_reconciliation	field and harvest data	Reconcile harvested area, gross yield, accepted output, secondary output, waste, and moisture basis before normalization.	area register; calibrated scale or yield monitor; grade and moisture records
dq_conditional_cards	nutrient and energy umbrella cards	Verify each actual exchange against its concrete flow UUID, physical state, property and unit; preserve explicit unresolved identities when confirmation is unavailable.	application, invoice, meter, and identity-resolution records
dq_identity_resolution	unmapped cards	Resolve planting material, crop-protection formulations, and removed waste to exact verified UUIDs after actual identity and destination are known; do not use broad proxy candidates.	identity review record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_output	terminal product output	Exactly one terminal reference output equals 1,000 kg and uses UUID 65443696-51af-4ba8-8f73-06d434a36605 with the required qualifiers.
validation_crop_cycle	all inventory rows	Field area, inputs, output, residues, and emissions must describe the same declared crop cycle and geography.
validation_mass_balance	harvest and sorting	Reconcile gross harvested tuber mass with accepted potatoes, secondary usable potatoes, waste, and measured handling loss within declared uncertainty.	mass-balance-identity
validation_nutrient_identity	soil nutrient inputs	Preserve each product identity and product mass; nutrient-basis calculations must not replace or merge the concrete product exchanges.
validation_flow_identity_expansion	parameterized umbrella cards	Verify each actual exchange against its concrete flow UUID, physical state, property and unit; preserve explicit unresolved identities when confirmation is unavailable.
validation_soil_emissions	managed-soil outputs	Reconcile nitrogen inputs and residue fate with direct and indirect N2O pathways and disclose the selected method and factors.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
validation_no_double_count	upstream and foreground inventory	Do not count irrigation withdrawal, fuel combustion, fertilizer production, or soil emissions both in upstream datasets and as duplicate foreground burdens.	ilcd-handbook-2010

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground potato cultivation and farm-gate preparation dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset only after review and publication
allowed_use	farm-gate LCA of fresh unprocessed potatoes and downstream systems that preserve the declared geography, crop cycle, production route, grade, moisture basis, allocation, and identity resolution
excluded_use	seed-potato multiplication, sweet potatoes or other root crops, post-gate washing or storage, processing, retail, or consumer use without a reviewed extension
required_metadata	geography; cultivar; crop year and cycle; intended use; production system; irrigation condition; harvested area; yield; moisture basis; grade; residue and waste fate; allocation; flow-identity resolution
required_quality_disclosure	foreground coverage; proxy periods; missing records; meter and mass-balance reconciliation; nutrient bases; emission methods and factors; all set-only expansions
update_trigger	new reviewed potato evidence, material route or boundary change, revised soil-emission method, changed concrete flow identity verification

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-root-tuber-concepts-2003	official_guidance	FAO, Root and Tuber Crops: Concepts and Methods Recommended by FAO and Operational Issues, https://www.fao.org/4/Y9422E/y9422e0d.htm	potato identity; harvested area, production, and yield concepts; reference-flow boundary
fao-save-and-grow-2011	official_guidance	FAO, Save and Grow: A policymaker's guide to the sustainable intensification of smallholder crop production, https://www.fao.org/4/i2215e/i2215e.pdf	seed, soil management, nutrients, water, crop protection, and energy-related field activity coverage
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC, 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Volume 4, Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	direct and indirect managed-soil N2O, crop-residue nitrogen, urea, liming, volatilization, and leaching pathways
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines	allocation hierarchy and disclosure
ilcd-handbook-2010	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment — Detailed guidance, EUR 24708 EN, DOI 10.2788/38479, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC48157	system boundary, subdivision, consistency, data quality, and double-counting controls
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied to matched potato harvest and sorting records	harvest-output balance calculation and validation