Onions

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published versionLast updated2026-10-20
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:01253 · narrower

Source

library/pcrs/agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products/products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening/onionssha256:bf61acb06ca7…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers the foreground production of fresh market dry-bulb onions (Allium cepa L., Cepa group) from planting-material entry through harvest, field curing, and the declared farm-gate state. It applies to open-field production and to protected cultivation when the same bulb product boundary is documented. The reference product is a whole, mature, firm, sound, clean and sufficiently dry bulb with the variety, colour, grade, size, moisture state, geography and crop-cycle dates declared. Green onions with full leaves, shallots, bulbs grown solely for industrial processing, and downstream transport or retail operations outside the declared farm gate are excluded. On-site sorting, washing, packing, or storage is included only when it crosses the foreground boundary and is declared.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.onions
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 01253; mapping relation: narrower
covered_products	Fresh market dry-bulb onions of Allium cepa L. Cepa group, including white, yellow, red, pink, brown and other cultivar colours
excluded_products	Green onions with full leaves; shallots; onions intended only for industrial processing; off-site distribution, retail and consumer use
representative_product	Mature fresh dry-bulb onion, cured and graded at the farm gate
production_route	Seed, set or transplant establishment; soil preparation and crop management; irrigation and nutrient management; crop protection; harvest and field curing; conditional on-site conditioning or storage
market_state	Whole, firm, sound, clean and sufficiently dry farm-gate bulb with declared cultivar or commercial type, colour, grade, size, moisture, origin, harvest and conditioning state

This PCR covers a narrower subset of CPC 3.0 01253. Its existing product, use and gate restrictions remain in force. The accepted classification mapping is narrower, not a declaration that all goods in the CPC leaf are covered.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Fresh market dry-bulb onion delivered at the declared farm-gate state
How much	1,000 kg
How well	Mature, whole, firm, sound, clean and sufficiently dry; declared cultivar or commercial type, colour, grade, size and moisture state
How long or cycle	One declared onion crop cycle from planting-material entry through harvest and field curing; include conditional conditioning or storage when it crosses the boundary
reference_flow_link	`reference_product_at_declared_handoff`

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Onions `9a7c27da-f086-4d97-a251-b1989ad5d312`
Reference flow property	Mass `<93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66>`
Reference unit group	Mass units `<93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66>`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Allium cepa bulb; dry-bulb versus green state; cultivar or commercial type; colour; production geography; crop-cycle dates; harvest maturity; field-curing status; moisture or dry-matter basis; grade and size; whether washing, packing or storage is included

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data-package field. A missing qualifier makes the reference-flow definition incomplete.

This reference UUID denotes the fresh, unprocessed farm-gate product. Verify actual species, product state and handoff before applying the binding. An independent pack-house, further-processed or otherwise incompatible output requires separately verified identity and must not inherit this UUID. Identity verification does not change the actual system boundary or quantity-normalization requirements of this PCR.

The sole reference output is reference_product_at_declared_handoff at declared_reference_handoff, a mandatory measurement of the actual accepted product at the already declared gate. Process postharvest_conditioning_and_storage remains conditional: omission of its physical activities does not remove this reference. Select the actual last included product handoff and record its process/output id; accept only the same species, physical state, grade, moisture basis and gate as Section 3. The prior farm_gate_marketable_onion_bulbs row is the measured output of its actual operation when active, not an additional final sale. No bypass creates processing, a yield assumption, an extra burden or a change of product boundary.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`reference_mass_basis`	reference product and marketable output	Mass	kg	Normalize the PCR to 1,000 kg of marketable bulbs at the declared farm-gate state. Weigh after the declared harvest, curing and included conditioning steps.
`moisture_state_declaration`	reference product and harvested bulb outputs	Mass and moisture content	kg and mass-%	Declare as-received moisture or dry matter when measured; do not silently convert between as-received and dry-matter mass.
`nutrient_product_basis`	fertilizer and soil-amendment input	Product mass and nutrient mass	kg product, kg N, kg P2O5, kg K2O	Give every actual fertilizer or amendment product its own card, retaining physical product mass, formulation, nutrient composition and application records. Nutrient quantities are not additional inputs of the same product; collection or group identifiers cannot substitute for a concrete flow identity.
`irrigation_volume_basis`	irrigation-water input	Volume	m3	Record delivered irrigation by field and crop cycle from meters or a documented water balance. Keep irrigation delivery separate from source withdrawal and natural rainfall.
`land_cycle_basis`	cultivated land occupation	Area-time	ha·crop cycle	Calculate occupation from the declared productive area and the represented onion crop-cycle dates; report land transformation only when it occurs in the represented period.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	The declared crop cycle starts when seed, sets or transplants, the occupied field or protected unit, and the first operation records enter the foreground system. Existing soil, inherited land history and prior-crop burdens are not silently re-created.
starting_condition_role	Foreground production begins at establishment and includes operations, inputs, land occupation, crop emissions, harvest and field curing required to produce the declared farm-gate bulbs.
product_classification_scope	Fresh market dry-bulb onions of Allium cepa L. Cepa group at farm gate; green onions, shallots and industrial-processing bulbs are outside this product boundary.
recursive_input_rule	If onion sets or other same-category planting material are used, record the material as a product input with its source lot and use in the current crop cycle. Do not recursively expand another onion production cycle inside this PCR.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link upstream or background datasets for planting material, fertilizer or soil amendment products, crop-protection products, supplied water, fuels, electricity, packaging and treatment services when they are used. Declare provider, geography, time and technology where available.
disclosure	Declare crop form, cultivar or commercial type, colour, production system, geography, field or protected-unit area, crop-cycle dates, planting-material route, irrigation and nutrient records, crop-protection records, harvest and curing state, quality grade, moisture basis, residue destination and any included conditioning, packing or storage.

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`boundary_rule_1`	foreground production boundary	Include establishment, crop management, harvest and field curing through the declared farm-gate output. Include on-site conditioning or storage only when the operation and its inputs cross the stated boundary.	`codex-cxs-348-onions-2022`
`boundary_rule_2`	product inputs and upstream links	Record purchased or retained planting material, applied fertilizer or soil amendments, crop-protection products, supplied irrigation water, fuel, electricity, packaging and treatment services when they cross the foreground boundary; link their upstream burdens as declared background inputs.	`codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003`
`boundary_rule_3`	land and inherited conditions	Report crop-cycle land occupation. Report land transformation only for a change occurring in the represented period, and disclose inherited soil, land history and prior-crop conditions without inventing a new transformation event.	`ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o`
`boundary_rule_4`	field emissions and residues	Derive soil-emission rows from the declared nitrogen inputs, residue handling and applicable water-loss pathways. Record residue removal, treatment or disposal only when it crosses the boundary, and prevent duplicate accounting of the same nitrogen pathway.	`ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`field_preparation_and_establishment`	Field preparation and establishment	required	Always included for the declared onion crop cycle	Foreground crop production	Per 1,000 kg reference output; establishment records and productive area
`crop_management`	Crop management and input application	required	Always included for the declared onion crop cycle	Foreground crop production	Per 1,000 kg reference output; measured nutrient, water, energy and crop-protection inputs
`harvest_and_field_curing`	Harvest and field curing	required	Always included through the declared farm-gate harvest state	Foreground harvest and primary conditioning	Per 1,000 kg reference output; harvested bulbs, culls and residues reconciled by mass
`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`	Postharvest conditioning and storage	conditional	Include when washing, sorting, packing, curing beyond field curing, or storage crosses the foreground boundary	Conditional farm-gate conditioning	Per 1,000 kg reference output; handled mass and declared storage duration
`declared_reference_handoff`	Accepted-product measurement at declared handoff	required	Every actual selected route, including bypass of conditional conditioning/packing/storage	Measurement and reconciliation only; no added physical processing	1000 kg net accepted product at the same declared gate

Process: Field preparation and establishment (`field_preparation_and_establishment`)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (`establishment_machinery_fuel_diesel`)

Only for documented diesel-powered machinery within this operation. Retain fuel grade and formulation; convert recorded volume with measured or supplier-supported density. Other powertrains require their actual carrier, not a diesel equivalent. Apply establishment_machinery_fuel_specific_input; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect this carrier under cp_establishment_operation_records for field_preparation_and_establishment. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_establishment_operation_records
Sources: route-energy-fao

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Cultivated land occupation for the onion crop cycle (`cultivated_land_occupation`)

Record the productive field or protected-unit area occupied during the declared onion crop cycle. Distinguish crop occupation from durable infrastructure.

Selected flow: Agricultural land occupation
Flow property / unit: Area-time / ha·crop cycle
Amount rule: Declared productive area multiplied by the represented crop-cycle duration
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_land_and_site_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional land-occupation screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0.02
- Upper: 0.50
- Unit: ha·crop cycle per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Land transformation associated with new cropland (`land_transformation`)

Record land transformation only when the represented period changes land use to establish the onion production area. Do not infer transformation from ordinary annual occupation.

Selected flow: Land transformation to agricultural production
Flow property / unit: Area / ha
Amount rule: Measured or documented transformed area attributed to the current crop-cycle output
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_land_and_site_records
Sources:
Range: Conditional transformation screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 0.50
- Unit: ha per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: current-period land-use change attributed to the crop output
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Crop management and input application (`crop_management`)

Inputs

Product flows

Urea fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_urea`)

Collection scope and applicability for crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Collect each fertilizer product separately. Preserve each actual product identity, quantity, formulation, nutrient composition, application event, and allocation; do not count a compound product more than once. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

Selected flow: Urea 3f8850c0-f718-4c4b-8fcb-8fd42e03aa8e
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-fertilizer-identities

Use this product identity only when the actual formulation and grade are compatible. Retain supplier composition and mass records; do not substitute nutrient mass, dilute solution mass or service activity for the product mass. The UUID alone supplies neither a dose nor an emission factor.

Ammonium sulfate fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_ammonium_sulfate`)

Selected flow: Ammonium sulfate 8c6f0cbb-16d7-4dc9-8d55-e8dea17d7faf
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-fertilizer-identities

Triple superphosphate fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_triple_superphosphate`)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

Selected flow: Triple superphosphate fertilizer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-fertilizer-identities

Potassium chloride fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride`)

Selected flow: Potassium chloride fertilizer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-fertilizer-identities

Cattle manure applied as fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure`)

Selected flow: Cattle manure applied as fertilizer
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-organic-nutrients

Composted plant residues applied to soil (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_plant_compost`)

Selected flow: Composted plant residues applied to soil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_fertilizer_amendment_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_fertilizer_amendment_records
Sources: fao-organic-nutrients

Irrigation water delivered to the onion crop (`irrigation_water`)

Record water delivered to the onion field or protected unit for establishment and crop growth. Separate metered delivery from rainfall, recirculated water and the source withdrawal.

Selected flow: Irrigation water supply
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or documented water-balance volume delivered to the crop cycle
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_irrigation_and_withdrawal_records
Sources: fao-crop-water-needs-onion, fao-56-crop-evapotranspiration

Range evidence need: no delivered-irrigation default is established. FAO 350–550 mm is crop water need (ETc), equivalent to 3500–5500 m3/ha of evapotranspiration, not metered irrigation. Derive net irrigation after effective rainfall, soil-water change and other supplies, then gross delivery from documented efficiency/losses; rain-fed delivery may be zero.

Electricity supplied for pumping and field operations (`field_operation_electricity`)

Record electricity crossing the boundary for irrigation pumping, protected-unit operation or other field equipment. Keep purchased electricity distinct from fuel.

Selected flow: Electricity supply for onion production
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered electricity or documented equipment consumption allocated to the onion crop cycle
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_management_input_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional field-electricity screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 250
- Unit: kWh per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Diesel fuel (`crop_management_fuel_diesel`)

Only for documented diesel-powered machinery within this operation. Retain fuel grade and formulation; convert recorded volume with measured or supplier-supported density. Other powertrains require their actual carrier, not a diesel equivalent. Apply crop_management_fuel_specific_input; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect this carrier under cp_crop_management_input_records for crop_management. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_crop_management_input_records
Sources: route-energy-fao

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Water withdrawn from the declared natural or municipal source (`water_resource_withdrawal`)

Record source-specific water withdrawal separately from the delivered irrigation-water product input, including losses between withdrawal and field delivery when measured or calculated.

Selected flow: Water withdrawn directly from an identified natural source; exact compartment and UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Measured or calculated withdrawal from the declared source allocated to the onion crop cycle
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_irrigation_and_withdrawal_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional source-withdrawal screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 6500
- Unit: m3/ha per onion crop cycle
- Basis: one hectare over an onion crop cycle
- Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Only for direct natural-water abstraction owned by this foreground boundary. Select the actual source/compartment and compatible volume or mass identity. A municipal or other purchased water receipt is a product supply, with its provider withdrawal covered upstream once; it is not this elementary input. Keep the withdrawal-to-field supply ledger, pumping, distribution losses and internal delivered-water transfers explicit. Do not add the same supplier abstraction or internal delivery as another external resource use. Retain missing source identity or quantity as a completeness gap.

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct nitrous oxide emissions from managed onion soil (`direct_n2o_emission`)

Calculate direct soil N2O emissions from synthetic and organic nitrogen inputs and any applicable residue or soil-carbon pathways. Report the nitrogen basis and the N2O or N2O-N unit used.

Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to ambient air from managed onion soil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
Amount rule: Apply the declared IPCC method to collected nitrogen inputs and applicable soil or climate conditions
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
Range: IPCC Table 11.1 non-rice N-input factor-family context; not a hard validity bound
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 0.019
- Unit: kg N2O-N per kg N input
- Basis: Select a documented family: aggregate EF1 0.010 (uncertainty 0.002–0.018); wet synthetic N 0.016 (0.013–0.019); wet other N 0.006 (0.001–0.011); dry all N 0.005 (0–0.011), in kg N2O-N/kg N. The combined 0–0.019 is contextual only, not a universal factor or statistical interval.
- Basis kind: N input (n_input)
- Evidence kind: External source (external_source)
- Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o

The final exchange is kg N2O. Keep species-specific elemental-N activity and any N-based factor/range in a separate calculation ledger. Convert that species-specific N mass by 44/28 exactly once before normalization; never reconvert compound mass or apply an N-based range directly to compound mass. A total nitrogen-loss pool is not this species without a supported split. Retain the actual receiving compartment and method boundaries; unknown identity or activity is not zero.

Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen application (`ammonia_emission`)

Record or calculate ammonia released to ambient air from the declared nitrogen sources using the selected method and site conditions. Do not use a generic ammonia row to conceal the fertilizer or manure basis.

Selected flow: Ammonia to ambient air from onion crop nitrogen inputs
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NH3
Amount rule: Calculate from the nitrogen-input record and the documented volatilization factor or measured emission
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
Range: Provisional ammonia screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg NH3-N per kg N input
- Basis: per kg applied N input
- Basis kind: N input (n_input)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Final exchange mass is kg NH3; retain N-based activity, factors and screens in a separate ledger. Convert only the mass of N attributed to this chemical species by 17/14 exactly once, then normalize once to the accepted reference output. Do not treat total nutrient balance, soil retention or unexplained deficit as this release. Record each actual receiving compartment separately. Any gas-volume record requires its measured temperature, pressure and a supported mass conversion; it is not interchangeable with compound mass.

Nitrate leaching or runoff from managed soil (`nitrate_leaching`)

Record nitrate-N or nitrate loss to water when leaching or runoff occurs and the pathway is in scope. Retain the nitrogen source, receiving medium and calculation basis.

Selected flow: Nitrate to water from onion crop soil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NO3-
Amount rule: Calculate the site- and climate-relevant leaching or runoff amount from collected nitrogen inputs and documented partitioning factors
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
Range: Provisional nitrate-loss screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg nitrate-N per kg N input
- Basis: per kg applied N input in regions where leaching or runoff occurs
- Basis kind: N input (n_input)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Final exchange mass is kg NO3-; retain N-based activity, factors and screens in a separate ledger. Convert only the mass of N attributed to this chemical species by 62/14 exactly once, then normalize once to the accepted reference output. Do not treat total nutrient balance, soil retention or unexplained deficit as this release. Record each actual receiving compartment separately. Any gas-volume record requires its measured temperature, pressure and a supported mass conversion; it is not interchangeable with compound mass.

Phosphate runoff from managed soil (`phosphate_runoff`)

Record phosphate-P or phosphate loss to water when runoff or another receiving pathway occurs and the pathway is supported by site records or a documented method.

Selected flow: Phosphate to water from onion crop soil
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg PO4
Amount rule: Calculate site-specific phosphate loss from collected nutrient inputs, soil test information and documented runoff factors
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional phosphate-loss screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1
- Unit: kg phosphate-P per kg applied P input
- Basis: per kg applied P input where runoff occurs
- Basis kind: N input (n_input)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Final exchange mass is kg PO4; retain P-based activity, factors and screens in a separate ledger. Convert only the mass of P attributed to this chemical species by 95/31 exactly once, then normalize once to the accepted reference output. Do not treat total nutrient balance, soil retention or unexplained deficit as this release. Record each actual receiving compartment separately. Any gas-volume record requires its measured temperature, pressure and a supported mass conversion; it is not interchangeable with compound mass.

Carbon dioxide from urea or lime application (`urea_lime_co2_emission`)

Record carbon dioxide from urea or lime only when those inputs are present and the selected method attributes a direct application emission to the represented crop cycle.

Selected flow: Carbon dioxide to ambient air from urea or lime application
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CO2
Amount rule: Calculate from collected urea or lime application amounts using the selected method factor; record zero only when the relevant input is reconciled as absent
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o

Particulate matter from field operations (`field_particulate_emission`)

Record particulate emissions from field operations or soil disturbance only when the represented activity and receiving medium are documented. Keep particle-size or species detail in the foreground data package.

Selected flow: Particulate matter to ambient air from onion field operations
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg particulate matter
Amount rule: Measured or method-calculated particulate amount attributed to the onion crop cycle; retain size or species detail
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_crop_emission_activity_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional particulate screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 20
- Unit: kg particulate matter per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Harvest and field curing (`harvest_and_field_curing`)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (`harvest_machinery_fuel_diesel`)

Only for documented diesel-powered machinery within this operation. Retain fuel grade and formulation; convert recorded volume with measured or supplier-supported density. Other powertrains require their actual carrier, not a diesel equivalent. Apply harvest_machinery_fuel_specific_input; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: Collect this carrier under cp_harvest_and_cure_records for harvest_and_field_curing. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
Value mode: calculated_value
Specificity: site_specific
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: reference_flow
Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_cure_records
Sources: route-energy-fao

Electricity supplied for harvest or field curing (`harvest_curing_electricity`)

Record electricity used by powered harvest, ventilation or field-curing equipment when it crosses the foreground boundary.

Selected flow: Electricity supply for onion harvest or field curing
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered electricity or documented equipment consumption allocated to harvest and field curing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_cure_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional harvest-electricity screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 120
- Unit: kWh per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested onion bulb crop before optional conditioning (`harvested_bulb_crop`)

Record harvested bulbs after field curing and before any optional washing, sorting, packing or storage process included in the foreground boundary. Declare harvest moisture and the destination of the crop.

Selected flow: Harvested fresh dry-bulb onion crop before conditioning
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured harvested bulb mass with declared moisture and field-curing state
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_cure_records
Sources: codex-cxs-348-onions-2022
Range: Provisional harvested-bulb screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 1000
- Upper: 1800
- Unit: kg harvested bulbs per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Field culls and rejected bulbs (`field_culls_and_rejects`)

Record bulbs rejected during harvest or field curing and declare whether they remain in the field, are fed, composted, treated, or otherwise leave the foreground boundary.

Selected flow: Nonmarketable onion bulbs and field culls
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured cull mass by destination, reconciled with harvested bulb output
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvested bulb crop.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_cure_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional field-cull screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 500
- Unit: kg culls per 1,000 kg harvested bulb crop
- Basis: harvested bulb crop mass
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Onion tops, skins and other crop residues crossing the boundary (`crop_residues_crossing_boundary`)

Record onion tops, skins and other residues only when they cross the declared boundary or are removed from the field. Declare whether residues are retained, removed, burned, composted, fed or treated.

Selected flow: Onion crop residues crossing the foreground boundary
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet or dry residue
Amount rule: Measured or documented residue mass by destination; keep residue handling distinct from marketable bulb output
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_cure_records
Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
Range: Provisional residue screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 2500
- Unit: kg wet or dry residue per 1,000 kg output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs; moisture state must be declared
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Postharvest conditioning and storage (`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested bulb crop entering conditioning or storage (`conditioning_feedstock`)

When postharvest conditioning or storage is included, carry the harvested bulb crop into this process with its mass, moisture, grade and prior field-curing state.

Selected flow: Harvested fresh dry-bulb onion crop before conditioning
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Carry the measured output from harvest_and_field_curing into the included conditioning or storage operation
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources:

Water supplied for optional washing or cleaning (`conditioning_water`)

Record water used for optional washing or cleaning only when that operation is included in the declared farm-gate boundary.

Selected flow: Process water for onion conditioning
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or documented water use for washing or cleaning, allocated to handled onion mass
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources: codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003
Range: Provisional conditioning-water screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 5
- Unit: m3 per 1,000 kg handled output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity supplied for sorting, ventilation or storage (`conditioning_storage_electricity`)

Record electricity for sorting, ventilation, forced curing or storage when the equipment is inside the declared foreground boundary.

Selected flow: Electricity supply for onion conditioning or storage
Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
Amount rule: Metered electricity or documented equipment consumption allocated to handled onion mass and storage duration
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional conditioning-electricity screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 250
- Unit: kWh per 1,000 kg handled output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Wooden crate (`packaging_materials_wood_crate`)

Collection scope and applicability for packaging_materials. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record packaging materials only when packing is included in the farm-gate boundary. Retain material type, mass, reuse status and destination of discarded packaging. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Record composition, net mass, reuse cycles and return losses; attribute reusable items by actual use and separate packaging from product mass. Keep distinct treatment destinations separate without assuming recycling credits.

Selected flow: Wooden crate
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_packaging_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: codex-cxs-348-onions-2022; fao-package-identities

Corrugated fibreboard box (`packaging_materials_corrugated_box`)

Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_packaging_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: codex-cxs-348-onions-2022; fao-package-identities

Polyethylene wrapping film (`packaging_materials_pe_film`)

Selected flow: Polyethylene wrapping film
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_packaging_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
Sources: codex-cxs-348-onions-2022; fao-package-identities

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable fresh dry-bulb onion at farm gate (`farm_gate_marketable_onion_bulbs`)

Record the measured accepted output of postharvest_conditioning_and_storage only when that operation actually occurs. Preserve species, condition, grade, moisture, lot and its real outgoing gate. This stable row id identifies an actual route output; the sole final reference is reference_product_at_declared_handoff. Retain raw output and link the selected final lot without counting it as another final product. Any UUID shown is usable only for its independently confirmed physical state/gate; an incompatible upstream/intermediate state needs a separately verified or explicit unresolved identity. Preserve the original stage measurement and collection records.

Selected flow: Onions 9a7c27da-f086-4d97-a251-b1989ad5d312
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: Weigh the accepted net lot output of the actual operation under cp_conditioning_and_storage_records, retain gross/tare, rejects, stocks, moisture and matched onward lot records, and reconcile before final normalization.
Amount rule: measured accepted net output from the actual operation under cp_conditioning_and_storage_records; retain raw lot quantity and actual stage throughput, then normalize once under the final-handoff normalization in Section 8; never prescribe a fixed intermediate yield
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: measured actual operation/lot output and throughput, retained before one final-reference normalization.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources: codex-cxs-348-onions-2022

Waste flows

Conditioning rejects and storage losses (`conditioning_rejects_and_losses`)

Record bulbs rejected during sorting, packing or storage and declare each destination. Keep marketable output, culls and storage losses in a mass-balance reconciliation.

Selected flow: Nonmarketable onion bulbs from conditioning or storage
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Measured rejects and losses by operation and destination
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources:
Range: Provisional conditioning-loss screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 400
- Unit: kg rejects or losses per 1,000 kg handled input
- Basis: handled onion mass
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Wastewater from optional washing or cleaning (`conditioning_wastewater`)

Record wastewater generated by included washing or cleaning and declare treatment, discharge or reuse. Do not infer wastewater when no washing or cleaning occurs.

Selected flow: Wastewater from onion conditioning
Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
Amount rule: Metered or calculated wastewater volume from included washing or cleaning
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs.
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_conditioning_and_storage_records
Sources: codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003
Range: Provisional conditioning-wastewater screening interval
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 5
- Unit: m3 per 1,000 kg handled output
- Basis: per 1,000 kg marketable farm-gate onion bulbs
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Process: Accepted-product measurement at declared handoff (`declared_reference_handoff`)

This measurement adds no processing, waste generation or emission. Preserve all real upstream operations and losses; bypass only operations demonstrated absent. Select one actual terminal product lot and cancel its paired internal transfer once when aggregating the system. Do not sum inactive routes, co-products or both source and handoff as accepted final output.

Inputs

Product flows

Accepted actual-route product at the same handoff (`actual_route_product_for_handoff`)

Measure only accepted product at the existing declared gate. Match one actual terminal source record; internal paired transfer and this reference represent the same event, not two sales. Verify identity for the actual species/state/gate independently; an identifier confirmed only for fresh farm-gate goods cannot represent an incompatible conditioned or independent pack-house state. Missing identity remains explicit and is not resolved by copying an adjacent output UUID.

Selected flow: Onions 9a7c27da-f086-4d97-a251-b1989ad5d312
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: measured accepted net mass at this same handoff, normalized as R/R * 1000 kg; paired input equals accepted output, with raw R retained
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_declared_reference_handoff

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Reference product at declared handoff (`reference_product_at_declared_handoff`)

Selected flow: Onions 9a7c27da-f086-4d97-a251-b1989ad5d312
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: 1000 kg
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_declared_reference_handoff

Waste flows

Actual waste remains at the operation that generates it; no duplicate here.

Elementary flows

Actual releases remain at their responsible physical operation; no duplicate here.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

Allocation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`allocation_rule_1`	shared field and harvest operations	Subdivide operations when separate records exist for onion cultivars, products or destinations. When subdivision is not possible, allocate shared burdens by measured mass of marketable bulbs and co-products at the point of separation.	`iso-14044-2006-allocation`
`allocation_rule_2`	culls and crop residues	Treat culls and residues as co-products or wastes according to their documented destination. Do not apply a credit or substitution claim unless the receiving product, displaced function and evidence are explicitly documented.	`iso-14044-2006-allocation`
`allocation_rule_3`	conditioning, packing and storage	Allocate shared conditioning, packing and storage inputs by mass of handled output, with storage duration retained when energy depends on time.	`iso-14044-2006-allocation`

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
`establishment_machinery_fuel_specific_input`	`cp_establishment_operation_records`	Operation field_preparation_and_establishment: Record fuel used for bed or seedbed preparation, planting and establishment operations when the fuel crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by establishment operation, allocated to the onion crop cycle
`crop_protection_products_specific_input`	`cp_crop_protection_records`	Operation crop_management: Record each herbicide, insecticide, fungicide or other crop-protection formulation that is applied to the onion crop cycle. Retain formulation, active substance, application date and treated area. Original quantity method: Sum measured formulation mass by product and application event
`crop_management_fuel_specific_input`	`cp_crop_management_input_records`	Operation crop_management: Record fuel used for cultivation, weed control, spraying and other crop-management operations when it crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by crop-management operation allocated to the onion crop cycle
`harvest_machinery_fuel_specific_input`	`cp_harvest_and_cure_records`	Operation harvest_and_field_curing: Record fuel used for lifting, topping, windrowing, harvesting and field-curing operations when it crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by harvest and field-curing operation allocated to the onion crop cycle

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_planting_material_records`	`field_preparation_and_establishment`	planting material	supplier lot record and planting log	material form; cultivar; lot; purchased or retained; mass or viable count; planting date	reconcile supplier documents with field or protected-unit planting log; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by crop cycle and convert to reference-flow basis	kg or count	each lot and planting event	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	lot document; planting log; count or mass check
`cp_establishment_operation_records`	`field_preparation_and_establishment`	establishment fuel	fuel log, invoice, meter or contractor record	operation; equipment; fuel type; quantity; date; treated area	collect primary fuel record and allocate by operation; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by operation and allocate to onion output `establishment_machinery_fuel_specific_input`: Operation field_preparation_and_establishment: Record fuel used for bed or seedbed preparation, planting and establishment operations when the fuel crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by establishment operation, allocated to the onion crop cycle Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	L, kg or MJ	each operation or weekly	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	fuel invoice or meter; equipment record
`cp_land_and_site_records`	`field_preparation_and_establishment`	land occupation and transformation	field register, GIS or land-use record	field id; area; land-use history; transformation date; crop-cycle dates	Verify actual area and dated occupation intervals, land classes and dated transformation history against mapped/site records. Quantify occupation in area-time and transformation as distinct area events; assess historical events under the selected declared land-use/carbon attribution method when relevant to this output, not only events occurring in the reporting year. Preserve prior/new land state, evidence, uncertainty and shared/period ownership; missing history is a gap, not assumed zero or assumed conversion. Normalize attributed quantities once through matched accepted output.	ha and crop-cycle dates	once per crop cycle and on land-use change	current crop cycle and disclosed prior history	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	field map; lease or land-use record; dated change evidence
`cp_fertilizer_amendment_records`	`crop_management`	fertilizer and soil amendment	invoice, delivery ticket, label, nutrient plan and application log	product; formulation; mass; N/P/K content; application date; field; operator	reconcile purchase and application records with nutrient plan; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum product mass and nutrient roles without double counting compound products	kg product and kg nutrient	each delivery and application event	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	invoice; label or specification; application log
`cp_irrigation_and_withdrawal_records`	`crop_management`	irrigation delivery and source withdrawal	meter, pump log, water balance and source record	source; meter start/end; delivered volume; pumping energy; rainfall; field; date	meter readings or documented ETc/water balance with source separation; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum delivery and withdrawal separately; reconcile losses	m3	each event or weekly	complete crop cycle	each declared field and water source	per declared reference flow	meter calibration; pump log; water permit or source record
`cp_crop_protection_records`	`crop_management`	crop-protection products	product label, invoice and application log	formulation; active substance; mass or volume; date; field; treated area	reconcile purchase and application records; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by named product and application event `crop_protection_products_specific_input`: Operation crop_management: Record each herbicide, insecticide, fungicide or other crop-protection formulation that is applied to the onion crop cycle. Retain formulation, active substance, application date and treated area. Original quantity method: Sum measured formulation mass by product and application event Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg or L product	each application event	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	label; invoice; application log
`cp_crop_management_input_records`	`crop_management`	field fuel and electricity	fuel log, invoice, meter or equipment record	operation; fuel or electricity; quantity; date; field; equipment	collect meter or primary supplier record and allocate by operation; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by energy carrier and crop cycle `crop_management_fuel_specific_input`: Operation crop_management: Record fuel used for cultivation, weed control, spraying and other crop-management operations when it crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by crop-management operation allocated to the onion crop cycle Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	L, kg, MJ or kWh	each operation or weekly	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	meter or invoice; equipment record
`cp_crop_emission_activity_records`	`crop_management`	soil emissions and loss pathways	nutrient, soil, climate, water and residue records	N source and amount; soil and climate class; irrigation; residue; receiving medium; factor choice	calculate from reconciled activity data or retain measured emission record; Raw aggregation and attribution: calculate each pathway once and convert N2O-N to N2O only at reporting stage	kg N input; kg N2O-N, NH3-N, nitrate-N or phosphate-P	each application and crop-cycle reconciliation	complete crop cycle	each declared field or protected unit	per declared reference flow	nutrient reconciliation; soil or climate record; method worksheet
`cp_harvest_and_cure_records`	`harvest_and_field_curing`	harvest energy, harvested bulbs, culls and residues	harvest log, weighbridge, field record and destination record	date; field; harvested mass; moisture; grade; cull mass; residue mass; destination; energy	weigh or document outputs and reconcile with operation records; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by lot and reconcile harvested bulbs, culls and residues `harvest_machinery_fuel_specific_input`: Operation harvest_and_field_curing: Record fuel used for lifting, topping, windrowing, harvesting and field-curing operations when it crosses the foreground boundary. Original quantity method: Measured fuel use by harvest and field-curing operation allocated to the onion crop cycle Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg, mass-% moisture, L, kg or MJ	each harvest lot and operation	complete crop cycle	each declared field and harvest lot	per declared reference flow	scale or weighbridge; moisture test; destination record
`cp_conditioning_and_storage_records`	`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`	conditioning, packing, storage and wastewater	facility log, meter, packing record, storage log and waste record	input and output mass; water; electricity; packaging; duration; temperature; rejects; wastewater; destination	collect facility records and lot-level mass balance; Raw aggregation and attribution: allocate by handled mass and storage duration; reconcile final output and losses	kg, m3, kWh, kg packaging and storage time	each lot and storage campaign	included conditioning or storage period	each included facility and lot	per declared reference flow	scale; meter; packing specification; storage log; treatment record
`cp_packaging_records`	`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`	packaging materials	packaging invoice, specification and packing log	material; unit mass; quantity; reuse; lot; destination	reconcile packaging specification with packed output; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum material mass and allocate by packed output	kg material and package count	each packing campaign	included packing period	each included facility	per declared reference flow	supplier specification; packing log; reuse record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`calculation_rule_1`	reference normalization	Normalize each collected or calculated value to 1,000 kg of marketable farm-gate onion output: value × 1,000 / declared marketable output mass.	collected output mass; row amount	PCR-basis amount
`calculation_rule_2`	fertilizer and soil-amendment nutrients	For each applied product, nutrient amount = product mass × documented nutrient fraction. Sum each nutrient role separately and retain product mass as its own record.	product mass; N/P/K fraction; application event	kg product, kg N, kg P2O5 and/or kg K2O
`calculation_rule_3`	irrigation and source withdrawal	Use meter totals where available. If a water balance is needed, estimate delivered irrigation from ETc and effective rainfall or soil-water balance, then keep source withdrawal and delivery as separate values.	ET0; onion Kc; rainfall; soil-water balance; meter readings	m3 delivered irrigation and m3 source withdrawal	`fao-56-crop-evapotranspiration`, `fao-crop-water-needs-onion`
`calculation_rule_4`	direct and indirect nitrogen emissions	Apply the selected IPCC managed-soils method to each documented nitrogen source and pathway. Report N2O-N first and convert to N2O with 44/28 only when the chosen reporting unit requires it.	synthetic and organic N; residue N; climate and soil conditions; volatilization and leaching activity	kg N2O-N, kg N2O, NH3-N and nitrate-N pathway amounts	`ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o`
`calculation_rule_5`	harvested output and co-products	Reconcile harvested bulbs, marketable output, culls and residues by lot. Allocate shared burdens at the first measured point of separation and retain the destination of each nonmarketable stream.	lot masses; moisture; grade; destination	marketable output, cull and residue amounts	`iso-14044-2006-allocation`
`calculation_rule_6`	optional conditioning and storage	For each included lot, final marketable output = conditioning input − rejects − storage losses, with water, packaging, energy and duration allocated to handled mass.	conditioning input; rejects; losses; handled mass; storage duration	final reference output and loss amounts
`planting_material_identity_and_fate`	`field_preparation_and_establishment`	For the original planting_material collection role at this operation, identify the actual physical form, species/material, composition, state and supply/treatment boundary before creating exchanges. Each seed lot, transplant, crown, cutting, larval stage, formulation, coating, preservative or separated residue actually used/generated requires its own concrete card where relevant to this role; these examples are alternatives, not a required recipe. Retain existing collection records and route-specific source evidence. Count-based planting records require measured or supplier-supported mass-per-unit when matched to a mass-based provider; retain count and mass as linked attributes rather than two purchases. Do not merge separate husk/shell or separate agents. A real mixed stream requires composition and recipient evidence and is counted once. Before completeness, record every applicable amount and native unit, link a compatible verified UUID or explicitly unresolved identity, preserve stock/return attribution, and normalize the attributable raw quantity once to the accepted reference output. Missing records are not zero; aggregate ranges are not individual-input defaults.	`cp_planting_material_records`	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records
`chemical_species_mass_accounting`	`elementary_nutrient_emissions`	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	`cp_crop_emission_activity_records`; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
`quality_requirement_1`	identity and product state	The dataset must identify Allium cepa bulb form, cultivar or commercial type, colour, geography, crop cycle, maturity, moisture, grade, size and included conditioning state.	Codex CXS 348-2022; product description; lot records
`quality_requirement_2`	input completeness	Reconcile planting material, nutrient products, crop-protection products, irrigation, source withdrawal, fuel and electricity to field or facility records and explain any missing route.	supplier records; meters; application logs; mass balance
`quality_requirement_3`	temporal and geographic representativeness	State the crop year or campaign, field or facility location, production system and the time period represented.	field register; facility register; dated records
`quality_requirement_4`	emissions and nutrient calculations	Retain the nitrogen source basis, soil or climate conditions, factor choice, water-loss pathway and conversion units for every calculated emission.	IPCC 2019 Refinement method worksheet; calculation record
`quality_requirement_5`	output and co-product reconciliation	Reconcile marketable bulbs, culls, residues, rejects and storage losses by lot, and document the destination of every stream that crosses the boundary.	weighbridge or scale; moisture/grade record; destination record
`quality_requirement_6`	disclosure and uncertainty	Disclose measured, calculated and provisional values separately. Replace reasoned screening ranges with site or route evidence before active review when they constrain a publication-critical result.	collection protocols; calculation worksheets; review record

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
`cp_declared_reference_handoff`	`declared_reference_handoff`	actual accepted terminal product and paired transfer	scale/lot/acceptance records	species; state; grade; moisture/basis; gate; actual_terminal_process_id; actual_terminal_output_row_id; lot/transfer_id; gross/tare/net mass R; raw stage totals/throughputs; stocks, rejects and destinations	Weigh accepted net R at the existing gate; match exactly one actual terminal source of the same lot/state and reconcile all earlier losses and stocks. If conditional preparation is absent use the last actual included eligible product output, without inventing that preparation. Preserve original activity records and all required qualifiers.	kg and native activity units	each accepted lot	matched production and handoff period	existing declared producer/primary gate	per declared reference flow	calibrated weighing, acceptance/grade records, lot chain, activation/bypass evidence and closed balances

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
`calc_final_handoff_normalization`	all foreground quantities and actual route outputs	Let R be positive measured accepted final mass in kg for one matched species/state/grade/gate/period, excluding tare, rejects, co-products and held stock. Physical ledger = raw physical quantity/R * 1000 kg, without burden-allocation scaling. Attributable inventory contribution = attributable raw quantity/R * 1000 kg, preserving native numerator units and the existing output/period attribution. A local intensity q_i=Q_i/O_i first reconstructs Q_i=q_iactual linked O_i; do not divide by R again after final normalization. Both handoff sides are the same measured event R/R1000 kg, not another physical yield. Include only actual active operations; record and substantiate bypass. Missing/nonpositive R or an unlinked terminal record blocks a normalized complete result, not zero. Preserve original stage data and cancel paired internal transfers once.	cp_declared_reference_handoff; original linked collection protocols	native quantities per declared final reference	`declared-handoff-measurement-definition`

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`validation_rule_1`	reference flow	Confirm that the reference amount is 1,000 kg and that product identity, maturity, moisture, grade, size, geography, crop cycle and included conditioning qualifiers are present.	`codex-cxs-348-onions-2022`
`validation_rule_2`	process map and inventory	Confirm that every required process has an inventory section and that each flow card has a direction, flow type, amount rule, value mode, specificity, basis kind, evidence kind and collection protocol when required.
`validation_rule_3`	nutrient and emission completeness	For every applied nutrient product, confirm documented nutrient content and a non-duplicated calculation of direct N2O, volatilization and leaching/runoff pathways when those pathways occur.	`ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o`
`validation_rule_4`	irrigation and water withdrawal	Confirm that delivered irrigation and source withdrawal are separate, source and field are identified, and any ETc or water-balance estimate retains its assumptions and units.	`fao-56-crop-evapotranspiration`, `fao-crop-water-needs-onion`
`validation_rule_5`	output mass balance	Confirm lot-level reconciliation of harvested bulbs, marketable output, culls, residues, conditioning rejects, storage losses and declared destinations. Investigate unexplained negative or excess balances.	`iso-14044-2006-allocation`
`validation_rule_6`	quality and hygiene disclosure	Where the farm-gate state is described as fresh market produce, check the declared whole, firm, sound, clean, mature and sufficiently dry state and any applicable hygiene, pesticide-residue and contaminant disclosure.	`codex-cxs-348-onions-2022`, `codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003`

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
`validate_final_handoff_bypass`	selected actual route and all conditional bypass states	Check both presence and absence of optional conditioning/packing/storage against actual records: exactly one required handoff reference persists, its source product/state/gate matches Section 3, active physical rows retain measured throughput, and inactive physical activities add no exchange. Require raw accepted mass, upstream closure, unique transfer pairing and single final normalization; an unexplained state or missing identity is not an assumed valid branch.	`declared-handoff-measurement-definition`

Raw downloads

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pcr.en-US.md92 KB · bf61acb06ca7…
manifest.yaml13 KB · bb4ac7e7caf7…
pcr.zh-CN.md83 KB · 88371ba747ab…
structured.yaml114 KB · 04ccc37b9390…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`boundary_rule_1`	foreground production boundary	Include establishment, crop management, harvest and field curing through the declared farm-gate output. Include on-site conditioning or storage only when the operation and its inputs cross the stated boundary.	codex-cxs-348-onions-2022
`boundary_rule_2`	product inputs and upstream links	Record purchased or retained planting material, applied fertilizer or soil amendments, crop-protection products, supplied irrigation water, fuel, electricity, packaging and treatment services when they cross the foreground boundary; link their upstream burdens as declared background inputs.	codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003
`boundary_rule_3`	land and inherited conditions	Report crop-cycle land occupation. Report land transformation only for a change occurring in the represented period, and disclose inherited soil, land history and prior-crop conditions without inventing a new transformation event.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
`boundary_rule_4`	field emissions and residues	Derive soil-emission rows from the declared nitrogen inputs, residue handling and applicable water-loss pathways. Record residue removal, treatment or disposal only when it crosses the boundary, and prevent duplicate accounting of the same nitrogen pathway.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o

Allocation rules · 4

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`allocation_rule_1`	shared field and harvest operations	Subdivide operations when separate records exist for onion cultivars, products or destinations. When subdivision is not possible, allocate shared burdens by measured mass of marketable bulbs and co-products at the point of separation.	iso-14044-2006-allocation
`allocation_rule_2`	culls and crop residues	Treat culls and residues as co-products or wastes according to their documented destination. Do not apply a credit or substitution claim unless the receiving product, displaced function and evidence are explicitly documented.	iso-14044-2006-allocation
`allocation_rule_3`	conditioning, packing and storage	Allocate shared conditioning, packing and storage inputs by mass of handled output, with storage duration retained when energy depends on time.	iso-14044-2006-allocation
`allocation_rule_4`	foreground_burden_allocation	Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

Validation rules · 7

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`validation_rule_1`	reference flow	Confirm that the reference amount is 1,000 kg and that product identity, maturity, moisture, grade, size, geography, crop cycle and included conditioning qualifiers are present.	codex-cxs-348-onions-2022
`validation_rule_2`	process map and inventory	Confirm that every required process has an inventory section and that each flow card has a direction, flow type, amount rule, value mode, specificity, basis kind, evidence kind and collection protocol when required.
`validation_rule_3`	nutrient and emission completeness	For every applied nutrient product, confirm documented nutrient content and a non-duplicated calculation of direct N2O, volatilization and leaching/runoff pathways when those pathways occur.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
`validation_rule_4`	irrigation and water withdrawal	Confirm that delivered irrigation and source withdrawal are separate, source and field are identified, and any ETc or water-balance estimate retains its assumptions and units.	fao-56-crop-evapotranspiration, fao-crop-water-needs-onion
`validation_rule_5`	output mass balance	Confirm lot-level reconciliation of harvested bulbs, marketable output, culls, residues, conditioning rejects, storage losses and declared destinations. Investigate unexplained negative or excess balances.	iso-14044-2006-allocation
`validation_rule_6`	quality and hygiene disclosure	Where the farm-gate state is described as fresh market produce, check the declared whole, firm, sound, clean, mature and sufficiently dry state and any applicable hygiene, pesticide-residue and contaminant disclosure.	codex-cxs-348-onions-2022, codex-cxc-53-hygiene-fresh-fruit-vegetables-2003
`validate_final_handoff_bypass`	selected actual route and all conditional bypass states	Check both presence and absence of optional conditioning/packing/storage against actual records: exactly one required handoff reference persists, its source product/state/gate matches Section 3, active physical rows retain measured throughput, and inactive physical activities add no exchange. Require raw accepted mass, upstream closure, unique transfer pairing and single final normalization; an unexplained state or missing identity is not an assumed valid branch.	declared-handoff-measurement-definition

Processes and inputs/outputs · 5

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`field_preparation_and_establishment`	Field preparation and establishment	3	0
`crop_management`	Crop management and input application	10	6
`harvest_and_field_curing`	Harvest and field curing	2	3
`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`	Postharvest conditioning and storage	6	3
`declared_reference_handoff`	Accepted-product measurement at declared handoff	1	1

Complete field inspector

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Onions

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Boundary Rules

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Field preparation and establishment (field_preparation_and_establishment)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (establishment_machinery_fuel_diesel)

Waste flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Cultivated land occupation for the onion crop cycle (cultivated_land_occupation)

Land transformation associated with new cropland (land_transformation)

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Process: Crop management and input application (crop_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Urea fertilizer (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_urea)

Ammonium sulfate fertilizer (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_ammonium_sulfate)

Triple superphosphate fertilizer (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_triple_superphosphate)

Potassium chloride fertilizer (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Cattle manure applied as fertilizer (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Composted plant residues applied to soil (crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_plant_compost)

Irrigation water delivered to the onion crop (irrigation_water)

Electricity supplied for pumping and field operations (field_operation_electricity)

Diesel fuel (crop_management_fuel_diesel)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Water withdrawn from the declared natural or municipal source (water_resource_withdrawal)

Outputs

Product flows

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Direct nitrous oxide emissions from managed onion soil (direct_n2o_emission)

Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen application (ammonia_emission)

Nitrate leaching or runoff from managed soil (nitrate_leaching)

Phosphate runoff from managed soil (phosphate_runoff)

Carbon dioxide from urea or lime application (urea_lime_co2_emission)

Particulate matter from field operations (field_particulate_emission)

Process: Harvest and field curing (harvest_and_field_curing)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (harvest_machinery_fuel_diesel)

Electricity supplied for harvest or field curing (harvest_curing_electricity)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested onion bulb crop before optional conditioning (harvested_bulb_crop)

Waste flows

Field culls and rejected bulbs (field_culls_and_rejects)

Onion tops, skins and other crop residues crossing the boundary (crop_residues_crossing_boundary)

Elementary flows

Process: Postharvest conditioning and storage (postharvest_conditioning_and_storage)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested bulb crop entering conditioning or storage (conditioning_feedstock)

Water supplied for optional washing or cleaning (conditioning_water)

Electricity supplied for sorting, ventilation or storage (conditioning_storage_electricity)

Wooden crate (packaging_materials_wood_crate)

Corrugated fibreboard box (packaging_materials_corrugated_box)

Polyethylene wrapping film (packaging_materials_pe_film)

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable fresh dry-bulb onion at farm gate (farm_gate_marketable_onion_bulbs)

Process: Field preparation and establishment (`field_preparation_and_establishment`)

Diesel fuel (`establishment_machinery_fuel_diesel`)

Cultivated land occupation for the onion crop cycle (`cultivated_land_occupation`)

Land transformation associated with new cropland (`land_transformation`)

Process: Crop management and input application (`crop_management`)

Urea fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_urea`)

Ammonium sulfate fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_ammonium_sulfate`)

Triple superphosphate fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_triple_superphosphate`)

Potassium chloride fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride`)

Cattle manure applied as fertilizer (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure`)

Composted plant residues applied to soil (`crop_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_plant_compost`)

Irrigation water delivered to the onion crop (`irrigation_water`)

Electricity supplied for pumping and field operations (`field_operation_electricity`)

Diesel fuel (`crop_management_fuel_diesel`)

Water withdrawn from the declared natural or municipal source (`water_resource_withdrawal`)

Direct nitrous oxide emissions from managed onion soil (`direct_n2o_emission`)

Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen application (`ammonia_emission`)

Nitrate leaching or runoff from managed soil (`nitrate_leaching`)

Phosphate runoff from managed soil (`phosphate_runoff`)

Carbon dioxide from urea or lime application (`urea_lime_co2_emission`)

Particulate matter from field operations (`field_particulate_emission`)

Process: Harvest and field curing (`harvest_and_field_curing`)

Diesel fuel (`harvest_machinery_fuel_diesel`)

Electricity supplied for harvest or field curing (`harvest_curing_electricity`)

Harvested onion bulb crop before optional conditioning (`harvested_bulb_crop`)

Field culls and rejected bulbs (`field_culls_and_rejects`)

Onion tops, skins and other crop residues crossing the boundary (`crop_residues_crossing_boundary`)

Process: Postharvest conditioning and storage (`postharvest_conditioning_and_storage`)

Harvested bulb crop entering conditioning or storage (`conditioning_feedstock`)

Water supplied for optional washing or cleaning (`conditioning_water`)

Electricity supplied for sorting, ventilation or storage (`conditioning_storage_electricity`)

Wooden crate (`packaging_materials_wood_crate`)

Corrugated fibreboard box (`packaging_materials_corrugated_box`)

Polyethylene wrapping film (`packaging_materials_pe_film`)

Marketable fresh dry-bulb onion at farm gate (`farm_gate_marketable_onion_bulbs`)

Conditioning rejects and storage losses (`conditioning_rejects_and_losses`)

Wastewater from optional washing or cleaning (`conditioning_wastewater`)

Process: Accepted-product measurement at declared handoff (`declared_reference_handoff`)

Accepted actual-route product at the same handoff (`actual_route_product_for_handoff`)

Reference product at declared handoff (`reference_product_at_declared_handoff`)