Almonds, in shell

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR guides a foreground data package for almonds produced in managed perennial orchards and transferred as accepted in-shell almonds at the declared farm, huller, or first-conditioning gate. It covers orchard establishment and replacement, immature and productive orchard management, harvest and collection, hulling, drying where used, cleaning, grading, and the optional bulk or packaged hand-off included in the declared gate.

It applies to conventional, integrated, organic, rain-fed, and irrigated routes when the route, cultivar group, geography, orchard age, and gate are disclosed. It excludes nursery production, almond shelling, kernel processing, roasting, blanching, almond oil, flour, beverages, confectionery, retail, consumer use, off-gate transport and storage, and packaging end-of-life. Hulling is included because the reference product is the nut with the shell but without the outer hull; shelling is excluded because it produces the separate shelled-almond category.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.almonds-in-shell
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 01371, Almonds, in shell; mapping relation: exact
covered_products	Whole or graded almonds with the shell retained, transferred at the declared orchard, huller, or first-conditioning gate
excluded_products	Almond kernels or shelled almonds; roasted, blanched, salted, milled, oiled, beverage, confectionery, and other processed almond products; nursery material and downstream logistics
representative_product	Accepted, cleaned, dried as required, and graded almonds in shell at the declared gate
production_route	Perennial almond-orchard establishment and management, harvest and collection, hulling, drying, cleaning, grading, and declared hand-off
market_state	In-shell almonds with cultivar or cultivar group, shell type, size or grade, moisture convention, quality status, geography, crop year, and gate declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Accepted almonds in shell at the declared gate
How much	1,000 kg net accepted almonds in shell
How well	Cultivar or cultivar group; hard, semi-soft, soft, or paper shell type; size or grade; kernel and shell quality; moisture basis; accepted and rejected mass; crop year; geography; and gate
How long or cycle	One declared crop year within the orchard productive life; establishment, immature years, replacements, and removal are allocated over the declared orchard-life basis
reference_flow_link	accepted_almonds_in_shell

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Almonds, in shell 774866bc-5c13-4def-a264-05a61a532a3e
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	cultivar or cultivar group; shell type; production country, region, and climate; orchard age and productive status; crop year or averaging period; orchard area; irrigation status and water source; harvest and hulling status; size or grade; moisture basis; accepted and rejected mass; almond-hull fate; gate; packaging state

The required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data-package field. Net product mass excludes container tare. A shelled-kernel output must not be used as the reference product for this PCR.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	accepted reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Express the reference as net accepted almonds in shell at the declared gate and exclude container tare.
yield_and_output_basis	orchard yield and hulling outputs	Mass and area	kg and ha	Record harvested crop, accepted in-shell almonds, almond hulls, rejects, and measured losses for the same orchard-year or declared aggregation period before normalization.
moisture_basis	harvested, dried, stored, and accepted almonds	Mass and moisture fraction	kg and declared fraction	Preserve as-received mass and moisture. Convert only with measured moisture and a transparent dry-matter or water-mass equation.
shell_and_kernel_quality	accepted in-shell almonds	declared quality properties	declared unit	Retain shell type, size or grade, shell defects, kernel defect basis, foreign material, and well-dried status as attributes; do not substitute a universal grade default.
orchard_life_allocation_basis	establishment, replacement, and immature-orchard inputs	area, time, or mass activity property	ha, orchard-year, or kg product	Allocate perennial establishment and replacement inputs over the declared orchard life and accepted in-shell output basis; disclose non-bearing years and replacement events.
nutrient_product_and_n_basis	nutrient and soil-amendment inputs	product and nutrient mass	kg product and kg N, P2O5, or K2O	Record formulated product mass and documented nutrient content separately. Nitrogen emission calculations use declared kg N.
water_basis	irrigation and withdrawal	volume or mass	m3 or kg	Distinguish delivered irrigation water, natural-resource withdrawal, drainage or consumption indicators, and water quality evidence.
energy_inventory	orchard, harvest, drying, and grading	mass, volume, or energy	kg, L, MJ, or kWh	Preserve carrier, unit, operation, equipment, period, and conversion basis.
packaging_quantity	optional gate packaging	mass or item count	kg, g, or item	Record packaging material mass or item count with package capacity and lot assignment when packaging is inside the declared gate.

5. System Boundary

The foreground boundary runs from the declared orchard starting condition through orchard management, harvest and collection, hulling, drying where used, cleaning, grading, and the declared hand-off of accepted almonds in shell. Upstream production of planting material, fertilizers, crop-protection products, supplied water, energy carriers, machinery services, and packaging uses representative background datasets. Shelling, kernel processing, roasting, retail packaging, off-gate transport, storage, and use are outside the default boundary.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	orchard site before or at establishment, with planting material and purchased management inputs crossing the foreground boundary; prior land use and existing orchard history are disclosed
starting_condition_role	start of managed perennial almond production and orchard asset accounting
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 01371, Almonds, in shell; shelled almonds and processed almond products are outside this PCR
recursive_input_rule	Same-category planting material or retained almonds crossing the boundary are recorded as upstream inputs and are not recursively expanded into another in-shell product output. Internal hand-offs between orchard, harvest, and hulling remain process links and are not additional market outputs.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use representative upstream datasets for nursery trees, nutrient products, crop protection, irrigation supply, fuel, electricity, drying energy, packaging, machinery services, and waste treatment when these inputs cross the boundary.
disclosure	cultivar and shell type; orchard block and site; establishment year, orchard age, productive life, and replacements; land history; soil and climate; irrigation source and quality; nutrient and crop-protection records; harvest timing and mass; hulling, drying, grading, accepted output, hulls, rejects, losses, fate, and gate

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_orchard_to_accepted_in_shell	all conforming datasets	Include establishment, immature years, productive orchard management, harvest, collection, hulling, drying where used, cleaning, grading, and the declared accepted in-shell hand-off.	fao-gap-framework-2003; usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013
boundary_perennial_orchard_disclosure	establishment and replacement	Allocate establishment, immature years, replacement trees, and removal over the declared orchard-life and accepted-output basis; disclose the life, non-bearing years, and replacement events.	iso-14067; fao-gap-framework-2003
boundary_hulling_not_shelling	hulling and downstream processing	Include removal of the outer hull and preparation of the retained-shell nut. Exclude shelling, kernel separation, kernel processing, and shelling co-products because they belong to a downstream shelled-almond route.	usda-almond-commercial-storage; usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013
boundary_input_completeness	orchard and conditioning	Provide a collected value, justified zero, or documented exclusion for planting material, nutrients, irrigation, crop protection, land, fuel, electricity, drying, hulling, grading, packaging, direct emissions, and waste treatment when in scope.	almond-board-irrigation-continuum; ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
boundary_quality_and_fate	all outputs	Separate accepted in-shell almonds, almond hulls, downgraded or rejected almonds, foreign material, dust, and unexplained loss by measured mass and declared fate.	usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013; mass-balance-identity

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
almond_orchard_establishment_and_management	Almond orchard establishment and management	required		foreground	orchard-year inputs and accepted output basis
almond_harvest_and_collection	Almond harvest and collection	required		foreground	harvested almond crop before hulling
almond_hulling_drying_and_grading	Almond hulling, drying, and grading	required	include the operations needed to produce accepted almonds in shell at the declared gate	foreground	1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell

Process: Almond Orchard Establishment and Management (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Urea fertilizer (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_urea)

Collection scope and applicability for almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Collect each fertilizer product separately. Preserve each actual product identity, quantity, formulation, nutrient composition, application event, and allocation; do not count a compound product more than once. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Urea 3f8850c0-f718-4c4b-8fcb-8fd42e03aa8e
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-fertilizer-identities

Use this product identity only when the actual formulation and grade are compatible. Retain supplier composition and mass records; do not substitute nutrient mass, dilute solution mass or service activity for the product mass. The UUID alone supplies neither a dose nor an emission factor.

Ammonium sulfate fertilizer (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_ammonium_sulfate)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Ammonium sulfate 8c6f0cbb-16d7-4dc9-8d55-e8dea17d7faf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-fertilizer-identities

Use this product identity only when the actual formulation and grade are compatible. Retain supplier composition and mass records; do not substitute nutrient mass, dilute solution mass or service activity for the product mass. The UUID alone supplies neither a dose nor an emission factor.

Triple superphosphate fertilizer (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_triple_superphosphate)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Triple superphosphate fertilizer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-fertilizer-identities

Potassium chloride fertilizer (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_potassium_chloride)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Potassium chloride fertilizer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-fertilizer-identities

Cattle manure applied as fertilizer (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_cattle_manure)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure applied as fertilizer
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-organic-nutrients

Composted plant residues applied to soil (almond_orchard_establishment_and_management_agricultural_nutrient_inputs_plant_compost)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the UUID remains unverified. Count physical product mass once and retain moisture, N/P/K composition and application events; nutrient quantities are calculated attributes, not additional purchases of the same product. Give unlisted compound and organic fertilizers separate cards identified by formulation or feedstock.

• Selected flow: Composted plant residues applied to soil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_orchard_input_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_input_records
• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality; fao-organic-nutrients

Irrigation water supplied (orchard_irrigation_water)

Record delivered irrigation by source and orchard block. A verified rain-fed route records a justified zero with supporting evidence.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water supplied to the orchard

• Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg

• Amount rule: metered or evidenced delivered irrigation by source, block, and crop year

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_irrigation_records

• Sources: almond-board-irrigation-continuum; almond-board-water-quality

Electricity at the equipment supply point (orchard_energy_input_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for orchard_energy_input. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record energy for pumping, nutrient application, mowing, pruning, orchard-floor management, and other field operations. Keep fuel separate from electricity. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_energy_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_energy_records
• Sources: fao-gap-framework-2003; fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (orchard_energy_input_diesel)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_energy_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_energy_records
• Sources: fao-gap-framework-2003; fao-agricultural-energy

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Orchard land occupation (orchard_land_occupation)

Record planted area and orchard occupation for each block and crop year. Land transformation is separate and is not inferred from occupation.

• Selected flow: Agricultural land occupation for the almond orchard

• Flow property / unit: Area-time / ha·orchard year

• Amount rule: block area multiplied by declared occupation period and allocated to accepted output

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_lifecycle_records

• Sources: fao-gap-framework-2003

Outputs

Product flows

Managed almond orchard production hand-off (managed_almond_orchard_output)

Pass the orchard-year production context to harvest as an internal process link. It is not an additional market product.

• Selected flow: managed almond orchard production output

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg harvested crop basis

• Amount rule: declared orchard-year production basis linked to the harvest record

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: orchard-year hand-off.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Orchard pruning and replacement residues (orchard_residue_output)

Record pruning, removed-tree, and replacement residues by mass, moisture, block, period, and destination. Do not treat all residue as a co-product without an evidenced hand-off.

• Selected flow: almond orchard biomass residue

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg dry matter or as received

• Amount rule: weighed or transparently estimated residue by destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_orchard_lifecycle_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Record only orchard material leaving the declared boundary as waste or unmanaged residue. Productive crop remains an internal hand-off until harvest.

Elementary flows

Process: Almond Harvest and Collection (almond_harvest_and_collection)

Inputs

Product flows

Managed orchard production entering harvest (managed_orchard_output_input)

Receive the orchard-year production context and link it to the collected crop. Do not duplicate orchard inputs at the harvest node.

• Selected flow: managed almond orchard production output

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg harvested crop basis

• Amount rule: linked orchard-year harvested volume before hulling

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: harvest process output.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Diesel fuel (harvest_energy_input_diesel)

Only for documented diesel-powered machinery within this operation. Retain fuel grade and formulation; convert recorded volume with measured or supplier-supported density. Other powertrains require their actual carrier, not a diesel equivalent. Apply harvest_energy_input_specific_input; this example is not mandatory. Do not double count inclusive machinery services or a purchased-electricity supply for electricity transferred internally from an on-site generator. Actual fuel combustion and generator emissions remain separately accountable.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Collect this carrier under cp_almond_harvest_records for almond_harvest_and_collection. Attribute shared use once; scale attributed raw quantity by the declared reference amount divided by matched accepted final output quantity in the same product unit, retaining measured stage throughput and original allocation rules. Do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
• Value mode: calculated_value
• Specificity: site_specific
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: reference_flow
• Evidence kind: calculated_from_collection
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records
• Sources: route-energy-fao

Contracted harvest service (harvest_contracted_service)

Record a contracted harvesting service when it crosses the boundary and is not represented by foreground fuel or electricity records. This service remains unmapped until a compatible service identity is evidenced; do not force it into an energy group.

• Selected flow: contracted harvest service

• Flow property / unit: Declared service unit / service unit

• Amount rule: supplier-recorded service quantity by block and crop year

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvested almond crop.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Harvested almond crop before hulling (harvested_almond_crop)

Record the crop received for hulling with harvest date, moisture, outer-hull condition, orchard block, and mass. This is an intermediate state, not the accepted reference product.

• Selected flow: harvested almonds with hull before hulling

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg as received

• Amount rule: calibrated weighing at harvest or receiving point, with moisture and hull condition

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: harvest process output.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records

• Sources: usda-almond-commercial-storage; mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Field harvest losses and orchard-floor residues (harvest_loss_output)

Record nuts left in the orchard, damaged crop, and other harvest losses by measured or justified estimate and destination.

• Selected flow: almond harvest loss or orchard-floor residue

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured or reconciled loss by block and harvest pass

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvested almond crop.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_harvest_records

• Sources: ucipm-almond-hull-split; mass-balance-identity

Record harvest material discarded before hulling separately from crop sent to the conditioning node.

Elementary flows

Record direct harvest emissions only when they occur within the declared boundary and are not already represented by an energy or service dataset.

Process: Almond Hulling, Drying, and Grading (almond_hulling_drying_and_grading)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested almond crop entering hulling (conditioning_almond_input)

Receive the harvested crop and record incoming mass, moisture, hull condition, receiving date, and source blocks.

• Selected flow: harvested almonds with hull before hulling

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg as received

• Amount rule: receiving-scale mass reconciled to harvest tickets

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records

• Sources: usda-almond-commercial-storage; mass-balance-identity

Electricity at the equipment supply point (conditioning_energy_and_water_electricity)

Collection scope and applicability for conditioning_energy_and_water. The following concrete identities have separate cards and apply only when use or generation is evidenced inside the original process scope. They are not mandatory inputs or a default recipe. Document non-use; missing records are not zero. Add a separate concrete card for any other actual material instead of substituting one of these names or UUIDs. Preserve attribution and boundaries and avoid double counting components included in outsourced services.

Record electricity, fuel, and any process water used for hulling, conveying, drying, cleaning, and grading. Drying is recorded only when it occurs in the declared route. Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 455f0ef5-6118-4f2b-a3f5-1f75e0afe3ca
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_conditioning_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records
• Sources: usda-almond-commercial-storage; fao-agricultural-energy

This binding is alternating current at the use point with supply technology, voltage and provider unspecified. Confirm actual AC supply; DC requires a different identity. The database reference is 1 MJ: preserve meter kWh and convert once using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ when linking reference quantities. Internal generation links to its foreground generator, without an additional purchased-electricity burden.

Diesel fuel supplied to equipment (conditioning_energy_and_water_diesel)

Confirm identity, grade, state and unit from equipment, supplier and contemporaneous measurements; the product UUID does not establish actual use or upstream-provider compatibility. Retain the electricity supply point, fuel grade, density and heating-value basis. Distinguish purchased heat from on-site fuel conversion without counting its input fuel again.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Collect raw quantities for this identity under cp_almond_conditioning_records and calculate the exchange per declared reference flow using the original attribution rules.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records
• Sources: usda-almond-commercial-storage; fao-agricultural-energy

Conditioning process water (conditioning_process_water)

Record process water used for washing, cooling, or other conditioning operations when it occurs in the declared route.

• Selected flow: Process water supplied to almond conditioning

• Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg

• Amount rule: metered or supplier-recorded process water by campaign and product throughput

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records

• Sources: usda-almond-commercial-storage

Waste flows

Record recovered or reused hull-derived material only when it enters the node from another declared process as a separately identified input. Ordinary hull output is recorded below as a co-product.

Elementary flows

Record conditioning emissions, wastewater, dust, or other elementary flows only when supported by site records and an identity-verified flow.

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted almonds in shell (accepted_almonds_in_shell)

Record accepted, cleaned, dried as required, and graded in-shell almonds. The shell remains attached to the kernel; this node does not shell the almond.

• Selected flow: Almonds, in shell 774866bc-5c13-4def-a264-05a61a532a3e

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: calibrated net accepted mass after hulling, drying, cleaning, and grading

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: quantitative reference.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records

• Sources: usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013

• Range: Reference output identity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: quantitative reference output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Almond hull co-product (almond_hull_co_product)

Record almond hulls as an intended co-product only when they cross the boundary with a documented hand-off or use. If discarded, use a waste identity and fate instead.

• Selected flow: Almond hulls 5f0a0004-6949-4658-ad23-3d0088c89c4d

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg as received or dry matter

• Amount rule: measured hull mass by campaign and source block, with moisture and destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records

• Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

Hulling and grading rejects (hulling_and_grading_rejects)

Record empty shells, broken or defective nuts, foreign material, dust, and rejected almonds by material and destination. Do not merge these with the marketed hull co-product.

• Selected flow: almond hulling or grading reject

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured or reconciled reject mass by destination

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg accepted almonds in shell.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_almond_conditioning_records

• Sources: usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013; mass-balance-identity

Elementary flows

Record dust, wastewater, and direct conditioning emissions only when the route and identity are documented. Do not infer an emission from a generic hulling operation.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

Allocation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoidance	orchard, harvest, and conditioning	First avoid allocation by subdividing orchard blocks, harvest passes, hulling campaigns, grades, and destinations when records permit.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_perennial_time	establishment, immature years, replacements, and removal	Allocate perennial-orchard burdens over the declared orchard life and accepted in-shell output using the declared area, period, and yield basis. Disclose non-bearing years and replacement events.	iso-14067; fao-gap-framework-2003
allocation_hull_co_product	accepted in-shell almonds and marketed almond hulls	When hulls are an intended output with a documented hand-off, use mass allocation after subdivision. Economic allocation requires representative prices and a mass-allocation sensitivity. If hulls are waste, retain treatment burdens with the almond route and assign no product credit.	iso-14044-2006; mass-balance-identity
allocation_rejects_and_losses	rejects, broken nuts, dust, and field losses	Assign collection and treatment burdens to the producing process; do not count rejected or lost material as accepted output. Model recovery as a co-product only after its destination and hand-off are evidenced.	usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013; iso-14044-2006
allocation_no_double_counting_internal_links	orchard, harvest, and hulling links	Internal hand-offs transfer mass balance only. They are not additional market products and must not duplicate upstream burdens.	iso-14044-2006

The PCR-specific default is subdivision followed by mass allocation for a documented almond-hull co-product. The dataset must state whether hulls are sold, fed, composted, burned, land-applied, or discarded, and disclose sensitivity to the allocation choice.

Concrete cards do not inherit numerical ranges from the former aggregate card. Determine quantities from original records, stock/meter reconciliation and the declared reference flow; no default quantity or numeric screen is supplied without evidence matching the identity, unit, period and boundary. Missing range evidence is a quality disclosure, not zero use or proof of completeness.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

requirement_id	collection_protocol_id	Preserved collection scope
orchard_planting_material_specific_input	cp_almond_orchard_lifecycle_records	Operation almond_orchard_establishment_and_management: Record nursery trees, grafted planting material, support materials, and attributable irrigation-system materials crossing the orchard boundary. Retained orchard assets and replacements are linked to the declared orchard life. Original quantity method: measured quantity by orchard block and establishment or replacement event, annualized over accepted output
orchard_crop_protection_specific_input	cp_almond_orchard_input_records	Operation almond_orchard_establishment_and_management: Record named formulations and active ingredients used for insects, diseases, weeds, or hull-split protection. Original quantity method: measured application by product, active ingredient, date, and block
harvest_energy_input_specific_input	cp_almond_harvest_records	Operation almond_harvest_and_collection: Record tree shaking, sweeping, pickup, field transport, and loading energy or contracted services not already included in orchard management. Original quantity method: measured or supplier-recorded harvest activity by block and crop year

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_almond_orchard_lifecycle_records	almond_orchard_establishment_and_management	establishment, replacement, removal, and land	orchard asset and land record	block; area; cultivar; planting year; orchard age; productive life; trees; supports; irrigation assets; prior land use; replacement; removal; fate	GIS, asset register, invoices, field records; Raw aggregation and attribution: annualize attributable inputs over accepted output orchard_planting_material_specific_input: Operation almond_orchard_establishment_and_management: Record nursery trees, grafted planting material, support materials, and attributable irrigation-system materials crossing the orchard boundary. Retained orchard assets and replacements are linked to the declared orchard life. Original quantity method: measured quantity by orchard block and establishment or replacement event, annualized over accepted output Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	ha, item, kg, year	establishment, replacement, and annual update	declared orchard life and crop year	each orchard block	per declared reference flow	maps, invoices, asset register, replacement records
cp_almond_orchard_input_records	almond_orchard_establishment_and_management	nutrients, crop protection, and field emissions	purchase and application record	product; formulation; nutrient or active ingredient; mass; date; block; purpose; method	invoice, label, application log, agronomist record; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by product and nutrient or active ingredient orchard_crop_protection_specific_input: Operation almond_orchard_establishment_and_management: Record named formulations and active ingredients used for insects, diseases, weeds, or hull-split protection. Original quantity method: measured application by product, active ingredient, date, and block Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. orchard_field_emissions_specific_emission: Calculate direct and indirect nutrient- and residue-related emissions from the same activity records and method tier used for nutrient accounting. selected geographically applicable method applied to collected nutrient and residue records This is a mandatory emission-identification requirement, not an aggregate elementary exchange. Identify every applicable substance and actual receiving compartment separately, with compatible units, measured activity or justified calculation method, parameter applicability and uncertainty. Preserve the original operation, period, allocation and final-reference normalization. Reconcile direct and indirect pathways and upstream coverage once; do not substitute total nitrogen, total combustion emissions or a generic pollutant for a named compound. Separately document actual environmental returns, with their material and destination, if relevant. Before dataset completeness create each required specific exchange, confirm a compatible UUID or explicitly retain its unresolved identity. Missing records do not establish zero or inapplicability. ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o	kg product, kg nutrient, kg active ingredient	each application	complete crop year	each orchard block	per declared reference flow	invoice, label, application log
cp_almond_irrigation_records	almond_orchard_establishment_and_management	irrigation and withdrawal	meter and pumping record	source; meter; reading; volume; pumping energy; date; block; rain-fed flag; water quality	calibrated meter, pump log, invoice, water analysis; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by source and normalize to accepted output	m3, kg, kWh, MJ	event or month	irrigation season and crop year	block and water source	per declared reference flow	meter calibration, readings, invoice, water analysis
cp_almond_energy_records	almond_orchard_establishment_and_management	orchard and harvest energy	fuel, electricity, and contractor record	operation; machine; carrier; amount; date; block; service provider	fuel log, telematics, meter, invoice; Raw aggregation and attribution: allocate by operation and normalize to accepted output	L, kg, kWh, MJ, service unit	operation or billing interval	complete crop year	orchard block and contractor	per declared reference flow	invoice, meter, equipment log
cp_almond_harvest_records	almond_harvest_and_collection	harvested crop and losses	harvest ticket and receiving record	block; cultivar; harvest pass; date; gross mass; moisture; hull condition; rejected mass; loss; destination	calibrated scale and harvest log; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile harvested crop, losses, and receiving mass harvest_energy_input_specific_input: Operation almond_harvest_and_collection: Record tree shaking, sweeping, pickup, field transport, and loading energy or contracted services not already included in orchard management. Original quantity method: measured or supplier-recorded harvest activity by block and crop year Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.	kg and moisture fraction	each harvest pass	full crop year	each block and receiving point	per declared reference flow	scale calibration, tickets, moisture record
cp_almond_conditioning_records	almond_hulling_drying_and_grading	accepted output, hulls, rejects, energy, water, and packaging	campaign, batch, and grade record	input mass; moisture; hulling date; drying energy; water; grade; accepted mass; hull mass; reject mass; fate; package	receiving scale, batch sheet, meters, grade record, dispatch record; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile input to accepted, hull, reject, and loss outputs	kg, moisture fraction, kWh, MJ, m3, item	batch or campaign	crop year and declared gate period	huller or conditioning facility	per declared reference flow	calibrated scales, meter records, grade certificates, dispatch and fate records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calculate_accepted_yield	orchard and reference product	accepted in-shell mass / represented orchard area, with accepted fraction reported separately	cp_almond_harvest_records; cp_almond_conditioning_records	kg accepted almonds/ha and accepted fraction	mass-balance-identity
annualize_almond_orchard_life	establishment and replacement inputs	attributable lifecycle input / declared lifetime accepted in-shell output using age-specific records or a documented yield curve	cp_almond_orchard_lifecycle_records; cp_almond_harvest_records	annualized input per kg reference product	iso-14067; fao-gap-framework-2003
calculate_irrigation_and_withdrawal	irrigation	source-specific delivered irrigation and withdrawal / accepted output; report consumption or footprint separately	cp_almond_irrigation_records; cp_almond_harvest_records	m3/kg reference product and source-specific withdrawal	almond-board-irrigation-continuum; almond-board-water-quality
calculate_direct_soil_emissions	nutrient and residue emissions	apply the selected IPCC method tier to declared nutrient and residue records and convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28 where applicable	cp_almond_orchard_input_records; declared factors	kg emissions/kg reference product	ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o
reconcile_almond_outputs	harvest and conditioning	accepted in-shell almonds + marketed hulls + rejects + measured losses = declared conditioning inputs within the stated tolerance	cp_almond_harvest_records; cp_almond_conditioning_records	mass balance and unexplained residual	mass-balance-identity
allocate_hull_co_product	marketed hulls	apply subdivision and mass allocation only after the hull output and destination are evidenced	cp_almond_conditioning_records	allocated burdens for accepted almonds and hulls	iso-14044-2006

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference and outputs	Declare the verified reference flow UUID, cultivar, shell type, geography, orchard block or contributing sites, crop year, gate, moisture, grade, and packaging state.	dataset metadata, orchard and grade records
dq_temporal_representativeness	perennial production	Cover a complete crop year and disclose orchard age, productive status, establishment, replacements, and reporting period. Use a documented multi-year average when claiming multi-year representativeness.	dated orchard, harvest, and asset records
dq_site_aggregation	multiple blocks or sites	Identify every contributing block or facility, link its inputs and outputs to the common boundary, disclose weights and representativeness, and prevent double counting.	site register, block records, aggregation workbook
dq_mass_balance	harvest and conditioning	Reconcile received crop, accepted almonds, hulls, rejects, and losses; retain tare, moisture basis, scale calibration, and residual explanation.	scale records, moisture tests, batch and fate records
dq_input_completeness	orchard and conditioning	Quantify or justify zero or exclusion for planting material, nutrients, irrigation, crop protection, fuel, electricity, drying, hulling, grading, packaging, direct emissions, and waste treatment when in scope.	ledgers, labels, meters, invoices, logs
dq_quality_attributes	accepted in-shell output	Retain shell type, size or grade, moisture, kernel defect basis, foreign material, and well-dried or equivalent quality evidence.	grade certificate, inspection, moisture and lot records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_reference_flow	reference product	Confirm one 1,000 kg reference flow uses 774866bc-5c13-4def-a264-05a61a532a3e, Mass, kg, and all required qualifiers.	usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013
validation_scope_and_handoff	process map	Confirm orchard management, independent harvest and collection, hulling, drying where used, cleaning, grading, and the declared gate are represented without shelling or kernel processing.	usda-almond-commercial-storage; usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013
validation_perennial_periods	orchard lifecycle	Confirm establishment, immature years, productive years, replacement events, termination or removal, and annualization are declared and not double counted.	iso-14067; fao-gap-framework-2003
validation_site_aggregation	multiple sites or blocks	Confirm every contributing block has a boundary, evidence link, weight, and representativeness decision; reject an aggregate with omitted or duplicated contributors.	mass-balance-identity
validation_outputs_and_attribution	accepted almonds and hulls	Confirm intended outputs and hand-offs are complete, marketed hulls use the declared allocation rule, and hulls or rejects are not counted at two hand-offs.	iso-14044-2006; mass-balance-identity
validation_mass_balance	harvest and conditioning	Confirm accepted almonds, hulls, rejects, and losses reconcile to declared input mass within the stated tolerance and every non-reference output has a fate.	usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013; mass-balance-identity
validation_nitrogen_and_water	nutrient, emissions, and water	Confirm product mass differs from nutrient mass, emission factors and units are declared, and delivered irrigation is not confused with natural withdrawal or consumption.	ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o; almond-board-water-quality
validation_quality_attributes	accepted output	Confirm shell type, size or grade, moisture, defect basis, foreign material, and well-dried or equivalent quality evidence are present.	usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013
validation_completeness	data package	Confirm each required input and output category has a value, justified zero, or documented exclusion, and unresolved identity findings are visible.	fao-gap-framework-2003; mass-balance-identity

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	unit_process
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Farm- or huller-gate in-shell almond supply matching the declared cultivar or shell type, geography, orchard-age profile, crop year or averaging period, conditioning route, grade, moisture, and gate
excluded_use	Shelled almonds; kernels; roasted, blanched, salted, milled, oiled, beverage, confectionery, or other processed almond products; nursery production; shelling; retail and consumer use
required_metadata	verified reference flow and property/unit identities; contributing orchards and facilities; cultivar and shell type; geography; orchard age and life; irrigation; nutrient and crop-protection basis; harvest and hulling records; accepted, hull, reject, and loss basis; moisture; grade; gate; concrete flow identity verification; allocation; protocol coverage
required_quality_disclosure	crop years; primary-record coverage; site aggregation and weights; mass-balance tolerance; scale and meter calibration; water source; factors; hull destination; exclusions; uncertainty and sensitivity
update_trigger	material change in cultivar or shell type, orchard route, irrigation source, age model, yield, hulling or drying technology, grade basis, hull destination, gate, background datasets, emission method, or representativeness period

Evidence applicability: cited general farm-record and postharvest frameworks do not supply crop-specific yields, lifetimes, gate cutoffs or LCA allocation defaults. Those are this PCR methodology decisions; qualify them by the actual species, route and period and obtain compatible agronomic evidence before asserting completeness. Provisional author ranges are screening aids, not empirical acceptance limits or substituted measurements.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
usda-almonds-in-shell-grade-2013	official_guidance	USDA AMS, United States Standards for Grades of Almonds in the Shell, https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Almonds_in_the_Shell_Standard%5B1%5D.pdf	in-shell identity, shell type, grade, defects, foreign material, and quality attributes
usda-almond-commercial-storage	handbook	USDA ARS, Commercial Storage — Almond section, https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/np/CommercialStorage/CommercialStorage.pdf	hull separation, drying and storage state, and distinction between hull, shell, and kernel
almond-board-irrigation-continuum	extension_guidance	Almond Board of California, Almond Irrigation Improvement Continuum, https://www.almonds.com/sites/default/files/2020-02/Almond-Irrigation-Improvement-Continuum.pdf	irrigation scheduling, applied water, and system performance
almond-board-water-quality	extension_guidance	Almond Board of California, Orchard Water Supply and Quality, https://www.almonds.org/almond-industry/orchard-management/water-and-irrigation/water-supply-and-quality	water source, salinity, nitrate, leaching, and runoff disclosure
ucipm-almond-hull-split	official_guidance	UC IPM, Almond Pest Management Guidelines: Identify Hull Split, https://ipm.ucanr.edu/agriculture/almond/identify-hull-split/	harvest timing, hull split, harvest passes, and pest exposure
ipcc-2019-managed-soils-n2o	method_factor	IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	managed-soil N2O calculation
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Requirements and guidelines	allocation hierarchy, subdivision, and co-product treatment
iso-14067	standard	ISO 14067, Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products	perennial-life allocation and product-footprint disclosure
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied as a PCR calculation identity	output reconciliation, site aggregation, and no-double-counting checks
fao-gap-framework-2003	official_guidance	FAO Committee on Agriculture, COAG/2003/6, Development of a Framework for Good Agricultural Practices, section IV paragraphs 24–26 and Annex, https://www.fao.org/4/y8704e/y8704e.htm	Generic monitoring and farm-record context only; crop-specific routes, lifetimes, quantitative ranges and LCA allocation are PCR choices requiring separate applicable evidence.
fao-fertilizer-identities	official_guidance	FAO Fertilizer Specifications, https://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/spi/plantnutrition/fertspecs/en/	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities
fao-organic-nutrients	official_guidance	FAO How to Make and Use Compost, https://www.fao.org/4/i2230e/i2230e.pdf	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities
fao-agricultural-energy	official_guidance	FAO Energy demand and consumption in African agriculture, Annex C case-study results, https://www.fao.org/4/v9766e/v9766e08.htm	conditional concrete identities and method context; does not establish site use or quantities
route-energy-fao	official_guidance	FAO, Energy-smart food for people and climate (2011), Annex 2; and Energy use in agriculture and industry, Annex IV. https://www.fao.org/4/i2454e/i2454e00.pdf ; https://www.fao.org/4/Q1085e/q1085e0d.htm	Equipment/carrier possibilities only; site records govern applicability. No intensity, fuel share or default recipe is adopted.