Sodium chlorate crystals by sodium-chloride brine electrolysis

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: 0.1.0Last updated2026-10-18
Readiness: Review required

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

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Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:34240 · narrower

Source

library/pcrs/other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment/basic-chemicals/sodium-chlorate-brine-electrolysis-crystalssha256:f83a6142848f…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to industrial dried, bulk sodium-chlorate crystals (NaClO3, CAS 7775-09-9) made from solid sodium chloride by aqueous brine electrolysis, with dichromate-assisted electrolyte, brine precipitation/filtration, concentration and vacuum crystallization, crystal separation/washing, drying and hydrogen scrubbing. The category is a single chemical species with declared impurities, not the entire inorganic-salt classification. The route and relevant alternatives are described by eu-lvics-2007 §7.13 and epa-chlorate-2022 manufacturing section.

Exclude potassium chlorate, sodium chlorite, hypochlorite, perchlorate, formulated mixed oxidants, triammonium phosphate and unrelated inorganic salts. Delivered solutions, wet crystal cakes and hydrate-based products have different mass/processing bases and are outside this reference. This route imports heat and treated water; on-site fuel combustion, internal hydrogen combustion, refrigerated crystallization, ion-exchange brine polishing and packaged chlorate delivery require their own actual atomic additions and supporting route evidence before using an extended dataset. No absent plant technology is silently assumed. Chemical grade variants require actual supplier identities and component ledgers; the listed grades do not prescribe a recipe.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-chemicals.sodium-chlorate-brine-electrolysis-crystals
classification_refs	CPC 3.0:34240; proposed narrower relation for this electrolysis/crystal subset only
covered_products	Dried bulk NaClO3 crystals from the declared sodium-chloride electrolyte route, with disclosed assay/free moisture/co-salts
excluded_products	Other chlorate cations/oxidation states; mixed formulations; delivered solutions; wet cake; hydrate products; unrelated salts
representative_product	Accepted dried crystalline sodium chlorate in bulk at the manufacturing gate
production_route	Solid salt dissolution → impurity precipitation/filtration → dichromate-assisted brine electrolysis and reaction → vacuum concentration/crystallization → washing/separation → drying/bulk storage; scrubbed hydrogen branch; closed mother-liquor loop
market_state	Bulk dried crystal product, declared residual free moisture and impurities; no assumed concentration or purity

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply crystalline sodium chlorate as an industrial chemical intermediate
How much	1 kg reference flow
How well	Accepted grade with actual NaClO3 assay, residual free moisture, chloride, chromium and other co-salts disclosed; no use-performance equivalence inferred
How long or cycle	One production/delivery gate reference; service life not applicable
reference_flow_link	chlorate_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Sodium chlorate `763dbb4e-a338-4348-b2a8-bf07b6bf7b47`
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Actual SKU/grade; NaClO3/CAS; solid crystal state; net product mass excluding tare; assay basis; free moisture; co-salts and total/valence-specific chromium; route and electrolyte additive/hydration state; batch/site/time; feed origin/purity; utility/voltage/provider definitions and supply geography (China for the listed electricity and CaCl2 identities); hydrogen destination/purity; treatment and receiving media; allocation decision; bulk delivery boundary

Declare every required qualifier in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comment or equivalent working-package fields. The broad product UUID identifies the chemical crystal, while this PCR constrains route/state and measured supplied-product basis. It does not establish a ready background process or silently turn net product into 100% active mass. Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022, nouryon-chlorate-manual.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_net_crystal	chlorate_product	Mass	kg	Measure accepted net dried crystal-product mass P for the represented period using calibrated weighing and acceptance/stock records; exclude packaging/container tare. The inventory reference is 1 kg supplied crystal product, not 1 kg pure active salt. Use cp_product.
one_denominator	all inventory rows	Declared row property	Declared row unit	Every inventory row is per 1 kg reference flow. Collection aggregates the same period’s actual attributable row quantity and divides by P; intermediate salts, liquor circulation and hydrogen quantities never replace P.
phase_components	all inventory rows	Mass	kg	For each actual supplied solution or wet waste retain gross physical mass and separately measured solute/free-water/other-component masses. Hydration state requires actual formula/assay and bound-water mass; do not treat crystal water as active salt or as a second purchased-water exchange.
electricity_basis	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	Retain metered AC kWh and the energy conversion 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ. Verify supplier delivery voltage/loss boundary and electrical-energy meaning; a thermal property label does not make electricity a fuel. Record DC demand diagnostically, not as another purchased electricity input.
steam_net_heat	steam_heat, heat_export	Energy	MJ	Net useful heat is measured inlet enthalpy minus return/export enthalpy at the declared interface; retain mass, pressure, temperature and quality evidence, provider definition and losses. Do not infer net heat from a database MJ or steam mass property.
gas_mass_basis	nitrogen_product, hydrogen_product, hydrogen_air, oxygen_air, nitrogen_air	Mass	kg	Use actual calibrated gas measurement, composition, absolute pressure, temperature, compressibility and wet/dry convention to determine species mass; a secondary database mass coefficient is not a measured density.
water_phase_basis	process_water, water_air, water_discharge	Declared row property	Declared row unit	Purchased process water and vapour use kg; liquid freshwater discharge uses m3. Volume-to-mass uses measured relevant density/temperature/composition. Separate carrier water, bound water, condensate returns, recirculation and ambient humidity; preserve each physical phase.
effluent_species	chloride_water, sodium_water, chlorate_water, chromium_vi_water, chromium_iii_water	Mass	kg	Match laboratory species and mass basis: chloride/Na+/ClO3− as ions, Cr(VI)/Cr(III) as Cr. Convert salt-equivalent results only with documented chemical formula and molar masses; no total-Cr substitution for a valence, and no double salt/ion addition.
particle_partition	chlorate_dust, pm25_air, pm10_air, pmover10_air	Mass	kg	The size intervals are disjoint, and generic PM rows contain only remaining non-chlorate mass after validated chemical/size partition. Do not add species-specific NaClO3 dust a second time as PM; without a defensible partition choose one inventory representation and retain the other measurement as characterization evidence.

The manufacturer assay in nouryon-chlorate-manual pp.16–18 concerns chlorate feed solution. The printed p.17 equation and the p.18 instrument expression differ in molar-ratio/dilution factors; resolve these against the stated reactions and an independently validated lab calculation before any quantitative application. It can inform analytical planning for a weighed/dissolved crystal sample only after lab validation of dissolution recovery, sample volume, temperature and interfering oxidants. Its printed numerical formula/performance is not transplanted as a universal crystal or brine default. epa-anions-300-1 supplies anion identification/QA principles, with industrial high-salt applicability to be demonstrated; epa-crvi-218-6 addresses dissolved Cr(VI), not total chromium or universal regulatory preservation periods.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Delivered solid NaCl, actual supplied auxiliaries, treated industrial water and contracted utilities at the plant gate
starting_condition_role	Foreground input interface; no exemption for upstream production
product_classification_scope	Sodium-chlorate crystal electrolysis subset of CPC 34240; classification does not define feed recipe or technology
recursive_input_rule	Internal mother liquor/wash/condensate/heat recycle remains within the integrated unit. Purchased same-category crystal is separate upstream material and cannot be recounted as newly generated product.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link each external input and transport/treatment service to a compatible verified supplier/background quantity, chemistry, source and boundary; unresolved identity or basis is disclosed and prevents complete dataset claims.
disclosure	Site/time/grade; incoming and outgoing phase/component ledgers; process stages; provider interfaces and losses; recovery, wastes and actual receiving media; missing measurements and allocation decision

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
b_route	chlorate_production	Include brine making/purification, rectification/electrolysis/reaction, crystallization/washing/drying, hydrogen scrubbing, solid handling, actual effluent/waste management and represented consumable replacement. Retain stage meters even when modelled as one foreground unit.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022
b_loops	chlorate_production	Keep a physical stage ledger for recycle links with equal quantities/composition at both ends; inventory changes, spills, recovered dust and actual purges are measured. Internal mother liquor, wet crystal and finished crystal transfers are not duplicate external product outputs.	eu-lvics-2007
b_interfaces	all inventory rows	Preserve all upstream production and actual transport/treatment burdens through compatible provider links. Declare foreground/background interfaces; outsourced wastewater is a waste transfer and not a site freshwater pollutant discharge. Extend the actual recipient’s treatment inventory through its own measured releases without duplicating it.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
b_emissions	all elementary output rows	Include measured atmospheric and actual receiving-water releases after abatement, including start/stop events and leaks. Closed-loop or negligible historical emissions are not proof of zero; not-applicable/zero, missing measurement and nondetect remain distinct. Different receiving media require separately verified identities.	eu-lvics-2007
b_capital	chlorate_production	Declare capital-equipment treatment under the study method; do not hide consumed electrode/filter replacements as capital. No default infrastructure, fuel boiler, packaging or refrigerated route is inserted. Any actual extension must have its own atomic rows, basis and applicable original evidence.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
chlorate_production	Integrated bulk crystal manufacture	required	Declared brine-electrolysis/dichromate/vacuum-crystallization route	foreground production	1 kg accepted net dried crystal product

The physically separate stages remain: salt dissolution → impurity precipitation/filtration → electrolyte/reaction tanks ↔ cells → vacuum crystallization → separation/washing → drying → bulk storage. Mother/wash liquor returns to the electrolyte loop; scrubber liquid/condensate recovery is measured. The gas branch goes from cells → alkaline scrubbing → accepted external hydrogen or measured vent. Keep stage mass, water, Na/Cl/Cr/inorganic-carbon and heat ledgers through cp_internal; stage aggregation is a modelling choice supported by the common reference and must not delete any actual outlet. A single finished reference-product output avoids counting the same salt at wet-cake, dryer and delivery interfaces. Sources: eu-lvics-2007 Figure7.39 and §§7.13.2–7.13.4.

Process: Integrated bulk crystal manufacture (`chlorate_production`)

Inputs

Product flows

Sodium chloride (`salt_feed`)

Solid sodium chloride enters brine preparation. This identity requires the recorded purity to meet the record’s ≥99.5% condition; retain the actual origin, assay, moisture, sulfate and insolubles. Weigh the supplied solid; neither pure NaCl stoichiometry nor the BREF historical salt consumption replaces receipts and inventory changes.

Selected flow: Sodium chloride a413ea86-0887-42c8-be77-3bee86d5863b
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Process Water (`process_water`)

Purchased treated industrial water enters dissolution, crystal washing, scrubber makeup and cooling makeup. Record each use separately before aggregation. Count fresh makeup once; recirculating cooling water, wash recycle and mother liquor are internal movements. Supplier abstraction/treatment remains upstream. Metered volume needs measured temperature-dependent density for this Mass identity.

Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Alternating current (`electricity`)

China-supply grid-average 1–35 kV AC electricity at the plant delivery meter supplies rectification, pumping, evaporation, drying and auxiliaries. Retain stage meters and AC/DC conversion losses without adding DC cell energy a second time. The exact property name is Net calorific value: preserve this database energy property and obtain provider confirmation that exchange MJ represents delivered electrical energy; it is not fuel consumption or an inferred calorific factor.

Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
Unit group: 93a60a57-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_energy
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Sodium hydroxide（30%） (`sodium_hydroxide`)

Use this row only for purchased 30% by-mass sodium hydroxide solution used in impurity precipitation, pH control or alkaline scrubbing. Record actual acceptance assay and total solution mass, with carrier water in the component ledger. A different concentration requires its own compatible identity and supply basis; 30% is an identity condition, never a default dosing recipe.

Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide（30%） 47926319-2558-4b19-bbab-0ff264fca360
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Anhydrous sodium carbonate for brine purification (`sodium_carbonate`)

Include if sodium carbonate is actually used for calcium precipitation. Record the supplied anhydrous grade, assay, moisture and manufacturing source. The quantities are measured batch additions. The actual soda-ash supply route and grade require their own compatible physical identity and quantity basis; a recycling-route supply cannot be silently treated as another manufacturing source.

Selected flow: Anhydrous sodium carbonate for brine purification
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Calcium chloride, CaCl2 (`calcium_chloride`)

Conditional anhydrous solid calcium chloride from the declared China supply consumption mix for sulfate precipitation. Declare whether used and retain actual grade, purity and water content. A hydrated crystal or supplied solution cannot be treated as identical kilograms of anhydrous salt: preserve its full physical mass and separately reconcile bound or carrier water and the background basis.

Selected flow: Calcium chloride, CaCl2 cbe945c7-53a6-4c34-8002-795b73aabf48
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Hydrochloric acid (30%) (`hydrochloric_acid`)

Purchased 30% by-mass hydrochloric acid solution for cell pH adjustment and acid washing. Record weighed solution, verified concentration and the destination stage; account for carrier water and any washing emissions. Other supplied grades require compatible separate identity; no historical acid-use default is adopted.

Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid (30%) 56414d25-a353-4d67-b362-87212ce6011d
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Sodium dichromate (`sodium_dichromate`)

For the declared dichromate-assisted route, this row identifies anhydrous Na2Cr2O7 from the record’s chromium-ore roasting/dissolving route. Require supplier confirmation of that route, CAS/grade and delivered hydration state. Track fresh additions, opening/closing electrolyte stocks, Cr(VI), Cr(III), product carryover and waste. Dihydrate or supplied solution needs a separate compatible flow basis; do not apply anhydrous kilograms to its gross mass.

Selected flow: Sodium dichromate 5e170be8-9cff-4002-baaa-01cbe42053f5
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (`peroxide`)

Include purchased 30% by-mass hydrogen peroxide solution only when it is the actual hypochlorite-reduction reagent before crystallization. Keep supplied solution mass, assay and carrier water, treatment batch and residual oxidants. No BREF example dose or alternate reagent is silently assigned.

Selected flow: Hydrogen peroxide (30%) b21960ac-f3c4-4f00-ba92-527ca1dd5d12
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Nitrogen gas (`nitrogen_product`)

Conditional purchased gaseous nitrogen for purging. The selected product identity describes N2 inerting gas at plant; its bottling-use description does not establish a manufacturing route restriction or this installation’s quantity/vent fraction. Obtain actual source, gas purity, pressure, temperature, wet/dry state, standard-volume convention and supplier basis. Determine gas mass using calibrated weighing or validated volume/composition/condition conversion. Native Mass reference must represent measured kg consistently; neither a database meanValue nor an unexplained primary-property coefficient is a measured density or permission to rescale the exchange.

Selected flow: Nitrogen gas 92233c86-8e75-441c-94de-03cc91bc7c10
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Imported process heat carried by steam (`steam_heat`)

Include only net delivered steam heat used for evaporation/vacuum operation or drying. Measure incoming steam and returned condensate mass, pressure, temperature and steam quality; reconcile enthalpy at the contractual interface. Steam physical identity must match the actual pressure and quality; an MJ property alone does not prove the provider’s net-heat basis. Preserve physical water transfers as well as energy without counting steam generation twice.

Selected flow: Imported process heat carried by steam
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_steam
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Titanium Ruthenium Electrode (`anode`)

Conditional replacement of a titanium Ru/Ir mixed-metal-oxide-coated anode compatible with the selected physical identity. Record actual substrate, coating composition, supplier, installed net mass, coating/recoating service and campaign life. Include consumed replacements over the represented production; do not infer catalyst loading or life from the broad electrode description.

Selected flow: Titanium Ruthenium Electrode d76b86d3-e656-49f5-940d-933b1ab65a8f
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_consumables
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Steel cathode for sodium-chlorate electrolysis (`cathode`)

Conditional installed steel cathode replacement; record alloy, configuration, contamination, net mass and campaign production. The actual steel-cathode component and supplier mass reference must be established before linking its background supply.

Selected flow: Steel cathode for sodium-chlorate electrolysis
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_consumables
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Brine-compatible replacement filter cartridge (`filter_cartridge`)

Replacement of one assembled brine-compatible cartridge is one component flow, not a collection of filtration materials. Retain actual medium/housing, grade, mass, service life and brine/chromium compatibility. A coolant/mist cartridge is a different service; toxicity units do not measure consumed cartridge mass.

Selected flow: Brine-compatible replacement filter cartridge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_consumables
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Paper Bag (`incoming_bag`)

Include only the actual paper bag arriving with sodium dichromate. Measure the empty bag mass separately from chemical net contents; reconcile opening/closing packaging stock, reuse/return and the paper fraction of empty_bag. Retained reagent belongs to the chemical component ledger once. Verify the actual assembled paper bag, lining and supplier basis; any separate liner or other container has its own actual atomic exchange. No assumed packaging weight or disposal rate.

Selected flow: Paper Bag 0a8faf13-9861-4805-bcee-a212c6dceb04
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_inputs
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Outputs

Product flows

Sodium chlorate (`chlorate_product`)

Accepted dried sodium-chlorate crystals leave the integrated unit in bulk. The reference is the whole accepted crystalline-powder net contents P, including retained free water and actual impurities, excluding bulk-container tare, not dry active NaClO3 equivalent. Match that supplied powder to the native crystalline sodium-chlorate product and its Mass/kg reference; an active-salt-only provider amount requires a separately justified component conversion, never redefinition of P. Record batch assay, residual free moisture, chloride, chromium and other identified co-salts. Wet cakes, mother liquor and dissolving into a delivery solution are not this reference output.

Selected flow: Sodium chlorate 763dbb4e-a338-4348-b2a8-bf07b6bf7b47
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: 1 kg
Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_product
Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022, nouryon-chlorate-manual

Purified hydrogen co-product from sodium-chlorate electrolysis (`hydrogen_product`)

Include only accepted hydrogen exported to an identified user. Measure total gas and hydrogen purity, residual chlorine/oxygen, pressure, temperature and destination; report hydrogen species mass separately from the gas-mixture physical ledger. Retain actual purification burden. Electrolysis-generated hydrogen requires a compatible source-route identity and cannot inherit an unrelated coal/methanol/ethylene background route. Exported, vented, stored and internally transferred gas must close without theoretical-yield substitution.

Selected flow: Purified hydrogen co-product from sodium-chlorate electrolysis
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Exported recovered electrolyte heat (`heat_export`)

Conditional useful recovered heat delivered to a named external user. Record supply/return conditions and measured net enthalpy transfer; internal reuse in brine heating or crystallization is not a co-product sale. Natural-gas combustion heat is not interchangeable with recovered electrolytic heat.

Selected flow: Exported recovered electrolyte heat
Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_coproduct
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Waste flows

Chromium-free brine-purification filter cake (`brine_cake`)

Before mixing with dichromate recycle, weigh precipitated Ca/Mg/sulfate/insoluble cake and retained brine. Record solids, water, sodium, chloride, carbonate carbon, sulfate and receiver acceptance; absence of chromium requires analytical evidence.

Use this broad identity only when the actual outlet is wet semi-solid sludge from industrial aqueous treatment; verify each row’s actual salinity, chromium-bearing/free state, moisture and receiving treatment. Dry solids or incompatible recipient bases need another identity. No municipal origin is presumed for the declared industrial outlet.

Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Chromium-bearing electrolyte filtration sludge (`chromium_sludge`)

Keep this later chromium-bearing cake separate from primary brine cake. Weigh wet mass, determine solids and retained liquor, total chromium and valence fractions; disclose salt carryover, hazard status, destination and treatment. Do not use municipal or paper sludge identity.

Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Chromium-contaminated spent brine filter cartridge (`spent_filter`)

Weigh the discarded cartridge with retained liquor and solids; characterize substrate, Cr(VI)/Cr(III), chlorate and leachability for its actual recipient. A single discarded composite cartridge remains one flow.

Selected flow: Chromium-contaminated spent brine filter cartridge
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Spent coated titanium electrolysis anode (`spent_anode`)

Conditional removed anode goes to an identified metal recovery/recoating recipient. Weigh substrate/coating and retained contamination; distinguish returned substrate from purchased new electrode and separately record any actual recoating service.

Selected flow: Spent coated titanium electrolysis anode
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Spent steel electrolysis cathode (`spent_cathode`)

Conditional removed steel cathode is weighed and characterized for salt/chromium contamination and actual recycling/treatment acceptance. Generic metallic waste does not establish recipient compatibility.

Selected flow: Spent steel electrolysis cathode
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Dichromate-contaminated discarded paper bag (`empty_bag`)

Include only if this actual incoming reagent package is discarded. Weigh paper and residues together; retain wet/dry condition and chromium/chlorate contamination and disposal acceptance. Other package components need separate rows; bulk chlorate delivery adds no assumed product bag.

Selected flow: Dichromate-contaminated discarded paper bag
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Chloride-chlorate-chromium aqueous purge to external treatment (`wastewater`)

This is one actual segregated liquid outlet, not a collection of wastes. Measure solution mass/volume, density, dissolved and suspended solids, sodium, chloride, chlorate, chromium valences and receiver acceptance. Record purge, cleaning liquor and condensate by actual outlet before aggregation; segregated compositions/destinations require separate flows. It is not a direct environmental discharge at this transfer.

Selected flow: Chloride-chlorate-chromium aqueous purge to external treatment
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_waste
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Elementary flows

Sodium chlorate (`chlorate_dust`)

Sodium chlorate particle mass actually released beyond abatement to outdoor air, unspecified subcompartment. Determine exhaust, fugitives, chemical composition and recovered dust separately; recovered material returned to the loop is not an emission. This species mass must not also be entered as generic particulate mass.

Selected flow: Sodium chlorate 00a1aa9f-2693-4272-bf30-8f34704fcdb7
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

hydrogen (`hydrogen_air`)

Hydrogen species in measured vented gas after scrubbing, including start/stop events. Split species using contemporaneous composition and actual gas conditions. Sold hydrogen is excluded from this vent quantity; no assumed utilization percentage.

Selected flow: hydrogen 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-949c-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

chlorine (`chlorine_air`)

Measured molecular Cl2 surviving alkaline scrubbing in offgas and vents. Chlorine dioxide, chloride aerosol and hydrogen chloride are different species and cannot be reported as this flow; retain monitoring species and concentration basis.

Selected flow: chlorine 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-9b45-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

hydrogen chloride (`hcl_air`)

Conditional measured hydrogen chloride escaping acid-tank ventilation or acid washing after abatement. Use HCl species mass, not Cl2-equivalent or total chloride; do not assume a positive emission.

Selected flow: hydrogen chloride fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aab0-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

oxygen (`oxygen_air`)

Reaction-generated oxygen in separated gas actually vented to outdoor air. Distinguish it from ambient carrier-air oxygen; do not infer a side-reaction yield from the ideal chlorate equation.

Selected flow: oxygen 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9745-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

dinitrogen (`nitrogen_air`)

Purchased purge dinitrogen actually discharged, conditional on its use. Exclude entrained ambient-air nitrogen from the process-added species ledger; retain any exported-gas carryover and measured stock change.

Selected flow: dinitrogen fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-aad2-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

water vapour (`water_air`)

Net process-derived water vapour to outdoor air from drying and cooling. Separate incoming ambient humidity, condensate recovery, steam returns and actual net chemical formation/consumption of H2O; derive from measured moisture/gas or a reaction-aware reconciled water balance with uncertainty, not assumed evaporation.

Selected flow: water vapour fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac04-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Water (`water_discharge`)

Conditional water component of an actual site-authorized discharge to fresh water after any on-site treatment. Record the actual gross effluent volume/mass/density, temperature and dissolved/suspended components separately. The Water exchange is the H2O component quantity, using effluent_water_component and an explicitly compatible provider volume convention, rather than silently treating all saline solution as pure water and adding the solutes again. Not a resource withdrawal, sewer transfer or water-vapour flow.

Selected flow: Water 5e50fc01-19c6-4377-a1cc-bc65a12498ea
Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
Unit group: 93a60a57-a3c8-12da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

chloride (`chloride_water`)

Chloride ion mass in the same final freshwater discharge. Retain laboratory reporting as Cl− and dilution/recovery evidence; NaCl-equivalent reporting must be converted on the documented chemical basis before entry, without double-counting dissolved salt.

Selected flow: chloride 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9508-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-anions-300-1

Sodium, ion (`sodium_water`)

Sodium ion mass in final freshwater discharge, measured or derived from a validated same-outlet analysis. It is not metallic sodium. Sodium in product, sludge, recycling and externally transferred effluent remains separately in the physical sodium ledger.

Selected flow: Sodium, ion 6a3f413e-8aab-4c58-93b0-1f51c9714adb
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

chlorate (`chlorate_water`)

Chlorate ion (ClO3−) mass in the final freshwater discharge. Sodium chlorate reporting is a different mass basis; reconcile the laboratory species and documented molar-mass conversion and the separate sodium ion, never enter both salt and ion as duplicate solute mass.

Selected flow: chlorate 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-9b3f-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-anions-300-1

chromium (vi) (`chromium_vi_water`)

Dissolved hexavalent chromium mass reported as Cr in final freshwater effluent. Preserve sampling filtration, valence stability, chloride/sulfate matrix interference tests and lab basis. Sodium dichromate mass or total Cr is not identical to this quantity.

Selected flow: chromium (vi) 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-8fd7-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-crvi-218-6

chromium (iii) (`chromium_iii_water`)

Dissolved trivalent chromium mass reported as Cr in the same freshwater discharge. Require validated speciation or a validated difference between same-sample dissolved total Cr and dissolved Cr(VI); unfiltered total chromium and particulate chromium cannot silently become Cr(III). A difference requires matched analytical fractions, recovery, preservation and uncertainty demonstrating that the residual represents Cr(III); a negative or indeterminate residual remains unresolved, never zero-filled.

Selected flow: chromium (iii) 4d9a8790-3ddd-11dd-8fd0-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_effluent
Sources: eu-lvics-2007, epa-crvi-218-6

particles (PM2.5) (`pm25_air`)

Conditional remaining non-chlorate particle mass in the PM2.5 size fraction discharged to outdoor air. Chemical and size-resolved monitoring must first subtract the sodium-chlorate species mass already in chlorate_dust for this fraction; otherwise choose one representation and retain the other as characterization evidence. No default emission factor.

Selected flow: particles (PM2.5) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9293-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (`pm10_air`)

Conditional remaining non-chlorate particles in the disjoint PM2.5–PM10 interval, with the same speciation partition as pm25_air. It is not inclusive PM10; subtract nested PM2.5 only when sampling conditions and quantitative definitions are compatible, and never add inclusive and interval totals together.

Selected flow: particles (PM2.5 - PM10) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9501-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

particles (> PM10) (`pmover10_air`)

Conditional remaining non-chlorate particles >PM10, physically disjoint from the two smaller fractions and chlorate_dust. Collected filter dust, indoor exposure and recycled material are not this outdoor release; unknown size/speciation stays pending.

Selected flow: particles (> PM10) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a70a-0050c2490048
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Unit group: 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

Mineral-carbon carbon dioxide from acid washing (`carbonate_co2_air`)

Conditional measured CO2 from actual acid contact with carbonate-bearing deposits. Establish source carbon origin and speciation and reconcile the inorganic-carbon ledger; this is not a boiler emission factor. The actual mineral-carbon origin and provider/characterization quantity convention must be established before linking this exchange; a fossil-carbon label alone is insufficient. No biogenic carbon is erased if actually present: add its separately verified atomic exchange with origin evidence.

Selected flow: Mineral-carbon carbon dioxide from acid washing
Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
Amount rule: Actual measured quantity per 1 kg reference flow, collected through the stated protocol and normalized from the same-period physical total as defined in section 8.
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_air
Sources: eu-lvics-2007

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

The unallocated physical ledger contains the full measured chlorate crystal, useful hydrogen, recovered external heat, actual wastes and releases. Allocation operates on attributable environmental burdens; it never multiplies a co-product’s physical mass/heat by its own allocation share. This separation is essential to preserve material/element and energy closure. The generic hierarchy in eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021 Annex I §4.5 informs this PCR; no claim of a complete PEF study or sector-specific approval follows.

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
a_physical	chlorate_production	Preserve measured physical quantities for all outputs, internal reuse, stocks, wastes and releases before allocating. Sold hydrogen, vented H2 and internal gas movements are distinct; recovered internal heat is not an exported co-product.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
a_hierarchy	shared burdens	Investigate subdivision/system expansion first, then a relevant demonstrated physical relationship. Assign separable crystal-drying or hydrogen-conditioning activities to their actual outputs; do not infer a causal allocation from theoretical mass ratio or generic heating values. Record the rejected choices and justification.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
a_economic	non-separable joint burdens	If the earlier hierarchy cannot supply a defensible method, use actual period-matched accepted output gate values: crystal value, useful exported hydrogen value and useful exported recovered-heat value. Apply economic_share only to the remaining joint environmental burdens, retain sensitivity and actual prices, and leave unknown value/share unresolved.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
a_wastes	all waste output rows	Establish product versus waste from actual acceptance/use and the study’s applicable methodology, not merely a flow name or positive mass. Retain measured waste transport/treatment responsibilities. No routine sale, avoided burden or recycling credit is presumed.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
a_substitution	hydrogen_product, heat_export	Any separate system-expansion/substitution scenario needs an empirically established user, displaced product/service, compatible technology and quantity basis. Do not combine a substitution credit and allocation benefit for the same outlet. Report the expanded system and uncertainty explicitly.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

All collection covers one declared site, compatible product grade/route and matched batch/campaign/period, including normal operation and attributed start/stop/idle/upset activity. No actual site quantity is supplied by this PCR. Record total physical quantities X_i first; for every inventory row use the same accepted crystal-product denominator P and report per 1 kg reference flow. Keep raw measurements, component/element balances and separately allocated environmental burdens independently reviewable.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_product	chlorate_production	chlorate_product	acceptance_and_stock_records	batch; SKU; calibrated net accepted mass P; free moisture; NaClO3 assay and wet/dry basis; chloride/co-salts; total/valence-specific Cr; rejected/reworked mass; opening/closing stock	Weigh accepted bulk dry crystal, excluding container tare; sample representative lots for actual moisture/assay and impurities using a validated matrix-specific lab method. Reconcile production, dispatch and stock without recounting rework. Manufacturer solution titration is planning evidence, not a validated crystal default.	kg; assay mass fraction	each batch; stock at period bounds	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; acceptance; assay basis and matrix recovery; moisture method
cp_inputs	chlorate_production	chemical inputs, nitrogen and incoming_bag	receipts_dosing_and_stock	row_id; supplier/SKU/CAS; delivery grade/state/route; solution/hydrate formula; assay; free/bound/carrier water; weigh/dose records; opening/closing stock; return; actual incoming bag tare/liner and package stock; gas T/P/composition/Z	Reconcile delivered and consumed material per row using calibrated weighing/dosing and inventory changes. Keep each supplier solution/hydrate gross mass and components. Record incoming_bag empty mass separately from chemical net contents and bind actual package stocks/returns to the outgoing paper and retained-reagent ledgers. Gas volume needs the actual reference-condition conversion; assay/source differences require separate grade records.	kg; gas conditions; mass fraction	each receipt and dose; inventory at bounds	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	supplier original; certificates; scale/doser calibration; physical/source compatibility
cp_water	chlorate_production	process_water, water_air	water_meter_and_phase_balance	inlet meters by use; makeup; recycle-link ends; actual density/T; solution carrier water; hydrate bound water; steam/condensate physical water; product moisture; wet wastes; discharge; humidity; stock	Measure fresh supplied water by use and convert the Mass row with actual density. Reconcile water in purchased solutions, internal loops, steam/return, accepted product, wet wastes, final discharge and net vapour. Subtract inlet ambient humidity and do not count recycle throughput as withdrawal.	kg; m3; temperature; humidity	continuous meters; matched samples; events	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	meter calibration; density/sample conditions; phase closure and uncertainty
cp_energy	chlorate_production	electricity	energy_meter_records	AC inlet kWh; voltage/grid/provider; stage meters; rectifier losses; DC cell measurement; meter boundary; idle/start-stop; shared auxiliaries	Read plant AC and stage meters, reconcile losses and shared loads; retain actual provider loss boundary. Convert kWh to MJ using 3.6 exactly; no source energy-use range substitutes for measured values.	kWh; MJ; voltage	continuous; aggregate matched period	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	meter calibration; provider reference-energy confirmation; AC/DC balance
cp_steam	chlorate_production	steam_heat	steam_heat_interface_measurement	steam mass flow; absolute/gauge pressure definition; temperature; quality; provider inlet enthalpy; returned condensate mass/T/enthalpy; water losses; heat meter; vacuum/dryer stages	Measure the contractual steam/condensate interface and validate its enthalpy method with actual supplier conditions. Keep net delivered MJ and all physical water transfers. Unknown pressure or provider heat basis remains unresolved rather than being represented by a convenient steam UUID.	kg; pressure; temperature; kJ/kg; MJ	continuous flow/heat; matched condition samples	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	flowmeter/heatmeter calibration; supplier net-heat definition; enthalpy method and uncertainty
cp_consumables	chlorate_production	anode, cathode, filter_cartridge	replacement_campaign_records	row_id; installed component SKU/material/coating; actual net mass; removal date; reuse/recoating; service life; represented campaign output; contamination; receiver	Weigh and record each actual replacement/component or verified recoating service. Attribute the consumed portion to the represented campaign using documented life/output, keeping return and new supply separate; no generic lifetime or assumed throughput default.	kg; campaign output kg	each replacement; campaign reconciliation	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	component/supplier specification; weigh tickets; traceable campaign attribution
cp_coproduct	chlorate_production	hydrogen_product, heat_export	export_delivery_records	hydrogen total gas; species fraction; residual Cl2/O2; T/P/Z/wet-dry; accepted/exported/vented/storage quantities; gas recipient; heat supply/return conditions and net delivered enthalpy; internal heat reuse	Measure actual useful external gas/heat acceptance and its purification/conditioning. Reconcile generated species against vent/export/storage using compatible gas bases. Track internal heat separately; do not assume theoretical hydrogen ratio or substitution benefit.	kg hydrogen; gas conditions; MJ	continuous; each delivery; period bounds	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	recipient acceptance; gas analyzer; meter calibration; heat interface basis
cp_waste	chlorate_production	all waste output rows	segregated_transfer_records	row_id/outlet; wet mass; volume/density; dry solids; retained water; Na/Cl/ClO3/Ca/Mg/sulfate/Cr/total inorganic C; Cr valences and leachability; contaminated substrate; source stage; receiver/treatment	Weigh each separated outlet before aggregation, sample actual composition/hazard state and bind its accepting treatment. Keep primary brine cake, chromium cake, cartridges, electrodes, paper bags and liquid purge physically separate. Distinct outlet compositions or recipients cannot be collapsed into one selector row.	kg wet; kg dry; m3; concentrations	each shipment/outlet; representative matched samples	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	weigh tickets; analysis; receiver acceptance; waste-water component reconciliation
cp_air	chlorate_production	all atmospheric elementary output rows	abatement_outlet_and_fugitive_measurement	outlet/location; duration; wet/dry gas volume/T/P; background carrier air; H2/Cl2/HCl/O2/N2/water; CO2 carbon origin; NaClO3 dust species/size; residual PM bins; captured/recycled dust; events; detection limits	Measure after actual abatement and document fugitive estimates with actual sampling basis and uncertainty. Gas concentrations and volume must share conditions; subtract ambient carrier gas/humidity when reporting process-generated oxygen/nitrogen/water. Reconcile actual H2 and captured/recycled dust. Resolve non-overlapping species/size representation; nondetect is not zero and unmeasured is not not-applicable.	kg species; gas volume; conditions; duration	representative operation and each start/stop/upset	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	sampling method/matrix validation; blanks/recoveries; size/species partition; uncertainty
cp_effluent	chlorate_production	all freshwater elementary output rows	final_outlet_monitoring	receiver/outlet; matched discharge volume/time; density/T; filtered and unfiltered analysis; Cl−/Na+/ClO3−/sulfate/Ca/Mg; dissolved Cr(VI)/Cr(III), unfiltered total Cr; particulate Cr(VI)/Cr(III) and total particulate Cr; suspended-solid composition; species/salt units; dilution/recovery; preservation; non-detect	Monitor the actual final site freshwater outlet only. Sum time-matched concentration-times-volume with stated unit conversions and lab species basis. Validate high-chloride/sulfate matrix and valence stability; Method218.6 filtration is analytical selection, not removal of particulate chromium from the actual discharge. Establish dissolved and particulate Cr(VI)/Cr(III) by actual matrix-validated laboratory speciation, with total-Cr recovery and separate analytical fractions; no dissolved method establishes particulate valence. Other ions or suspended species observed at the outlet need their own verified atomic exchanges before completeness can be claimed.	m3 water; kg species; concentration units	matched flow-weighted samples; events	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	lab species definition; matrix spike/dilution; filtered/unfiltered reconciliation; receiving-medium verification
cp_internal	chlorate_production	physical stage links	stage_mass_component_energy_balance	stage/link id; two-end time-matched mass/composition; recycle/stock; actual species formation/consumption and reaction extent; wet crystal/accepted product/reject; Na/Cl/Ca/Mg/S/Cr/inorganic C/H/O/N; water/free/bound/carrier fractions; gas species; heat; measurement uncertainty	Keep a complete unallocated physical register and balances at each stage and the integrated boundary, matching both ends of internal liquor/water/solid/gas/heat links. Retain whole mother-liquor, liquid/solid stocks, accepted and rejected product, full generated/exported/vented/stored hydrogen, steam/condensate transfers, incoming/returned/discarded containers and maintenance materials. Container tare excluded from P still belongs in this physical register; add each actual external packaging, return or maintenance exchange atomically and reconcile residues without counting their chemical mass twice. Account for actual net chemical water formation/consumption and its conversion into hydrogen/oxygen-bearing compounds through the actual species/element ledger. Quantify moisture, co-salts, losses, purge and inventory changes; investigate residuals against declared measurement uncertainty rather than filling an invented balancing flow.	kg; component fractions; m3; MJ	matched batch/campaign and period bounds	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	calibrated measurements; link agreement; component closure and residual investigation
cp_allocation	chlorate_production	shared environmental burdens	multifunctionality_decision_and_market_records	decision hierarchy; directly attributable activity; shared burden; actual accepted output quantities; product-specific gate prices/currency/time; value of hydrogen/heat; system-expansion/substitution evidence; selected shares/sensitivity	Document why subdivision/system expansion can or cannot be used, then examine a relevant causal physical relationship. Use period-matched actual gate economic values only if earlier choices are inapplicable and justified. Retain allocation-free physical outputs and a separate attributed burden account; an unvalued outlet is not proof of zero value.	row unit; kg; MJ; currency	each study period; contracts/price updates	matched represented period/batch/campaign	declared site and compatible grade/route	per 1 kg reference flow	decision evidence; invoices/contracts; actual useful output; value sensitivity

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_period	all inventory rows	I_i = X_i / P; X_i is the actual row quantity over the matched represented period after any stated unit conversion; P is accepted net supplied crystal-product mass in kg. The reference row is 1 kg, all co-product physical outputs remain their full actual X_i/P. Allocation is a separate burden calculation.	X_i; P; cp_product; row collection protocol	row unit per 1 kg reference flow	eu-lvics-2007
supplied_components	solution and hydrate input rows, wet wastes, chlorate_product	For a measured mass fraction w_j on the as-supplied basis, component mass C_j = supplied gross mass × w_j. Convert dry-basis assay only using the same sample’s measured moisture and declared basis. Reconcile component sum with gross physical mass; do not add its carrier/bound water again as a second external flow.	gross mass; actual assay/moisture; hydration formula; cp_inputs; cp_product; cp_waste	kg each component; gross-mass closure	eu-lvics-2007, nouryon-chlorate-manual
measured_species_discharge	all air and freshwater species rows	Species mass = sum of time-matched flow volume × species concentration × documented unit conversion, with validated density/gas conditions/dilution if required. Subtract background carrier gas where the row represents net process-derived species. Use actual ionic/elemental reporting basis and investigate detection/uncertainty; no default factor.	actual outlet flow/time; actual species analyses; reporting basis; cp_air; cp_effluent	kg each emitted species	eu-lvics-2007, epa-crvi-218-6, epa-anions-300-1
effluent_water_component	water_discharge	Determine gross discharged liquid mass G by calibrated weighing or actual gross volume and solution density. Determine water mass W = G − measured non-water component mass, using a complete non-overlapping composition ledger. Water-component equivalent volume = W / measured water density at the declared reference condition only if that convention matches the provider/characterization definition; preserve gross effluent volume independently. Unknown composition or volume convention remains pending, never approximated by pure-water gross mass plus duplicate solutes.	actual gross effluent mass/volume/density; complete composition; water density/convention; cp_effluent; cp_water	m3 H2O component on verified convention	eu-lvics-2007, epa-anions-300-1
steam_enthalpy	steam_heat, heat_export	Net useful heat = sum of measured inlet mass × inlet specific enthalpy minus sum of contractual return mass × return specific enthalpy, converted to MJ on a consistent datum. Retain separate losses and water stocks/returns; supplier agreement and calibrated enthalpy method are prerequisites.	actual mass/T/pressure/quality; provider interface; cp_steam; cp_coproduct	MJ net delivered or exported heat	eu-lvics-2007
physical_closure	all stage links and external material outputs	For whole physical mass and each conserved element, actual external input minus actual external output equals closing minus opening stock within stated measurement uncertainty. Molecular-species balances instead include actual formation and consumption: input + formation − output − consumption = stock change. Water, NaCl, NaClO3 and chromium valences are not individually conserved through reaction. Internal link quantities/composition agree at both ends and cancel at the integrated boundary. Preserve transformation of water into H2 and oxygen-bearing compounds; the reaction NaCl + 3 H2O → NaClO3 + 3 H2 constrains chemistry, never a plant yield or emissions amount. No invented balancing exchange.	measured links/inputs/outputs/stocks; composition; cp_internal	component/element residual and uncertainty	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022
economic_share	non-separable joint environmental burdens	If justified by a_hierarchy, s_c = V_c / (V_c + V_h + V_e), where each V is the same-period actual accepted output gate value for crystal, useful exported H2 or useful exported recovered heat. Attributed crystal burden = directly assigned crystal burden + s_c × remaining joint burden. Use actual prices/quantities; no unknown-value-to-zero conversion; do not scale physical co-product outputs.	actual gate values; separable/joint burdens; cp_allocation	crystal environmental-burden share and sensitivity	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all inventory rows	Actual SKU/state/source/route and background reference quantity must match each conditional identity; a UUID is not a completed process dataset. Missing or contradictory fields remain pending.	Supplier originals, direct identity and reference property/unit verification, actual provider basis
dq_product_basis	chlorate_product	One accepted net supplied crystal basis, with same sample wet/dry assay, free moisture, co-salts and chromium. No mother-liquor/wet-cake/solution substitution and no packaging tare.	cp_product; nouryon-chlorate-manual; epa-chlorate-2022
dq_closed_ledger	all stages and outputs	Whole physical mass, phase water, Na/Cl/Ca/Mg/S/Cr/inorganic-carbon and gas/heat ledgers include all actual stocks, residues, purge, co-salts, carryover, emissions and recovery. Investigate uncertainty-resolved imbalance; no allocation of physical outputs to make it close.	cp_internal; cp_inputs; cp_water; cp_waste; cp_coproduct; eu-lvics-2007
dq_water_speciation	all freshwater outputs	Laboratory filtration selects the dissolved analytical fraction only. Reconcile unfiltered total and dissolved/particulate species; unlisted sulfate/Ca/Mg/other ions or particulate chromium are additional atomic requirements when present, not losses erased by analytical filtration. Demonstrate industrial matrix applicability of the selected method.	cp_effluent; epa-crvi-218-6; epa-anions-300-1
dq_air_partition	all atmospheric outputs	Cl2, HCl, H2, O2, N2, water and dust retain distinct species quantities. PM bins and NaClO3 dust do not overlap; preserve measured carbon origin if CO2 occurs. No biological CO2 omission by reporting convention.	cp_air; eu-lvics-2007
dq_temporal	all inventory rows	Align period/site/route/grade and quantities including idle and start/stop events. Source historical European values or one producer’s observed supply data are not universal recipes, ranges or yields.	Actual synchronized records; eu-lvics-2007 scope limitations
dq_gaps	all inventory rows	Distinguish unavailable UUID, unresolved provider basis, measurement gap, nondetect, zero and non-applicability. Keep uncertainty and residuals explicit; a range-free row requires actual collection, not an invented prior.	Declared gap register; measurement uncertainty; cp protocols

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
v_reference	chlorate_product	Require one final reference row with exactly 1 kg accepted net supplied dried crystal; verify chemical/route/state and all qualifiers. Same-salt internal links are not extra reference outputs.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022, nouryon-chlorate-manual
v_denominator	all inventory rows	Inventory basis, collection aggregation and normalization use the same P and per 1 kg reference flow. No active-mass, wet-cake, solution, hydrogen or packaging denominator substitution; both languages keep the same rule/row ids and formulas.	eu-lvics-2007
v_identity	all inventory rows	Verify actual source, species/CAS, route, grade, media, reference property/unit and provider background amount compatibility. Unresolved identities stay blank and block complete linked-dataset claims, not silently replaced by other products/elementary compartments.	eu-lvics-2007
v_phase_balance	all physical links and outputs	Reconcile physical mass, water and component/element stocks across all actual outlets. Confirm paired internal links, full co-product physical output, mother liquor, retained water, crystalline/free water, co-salts, filtrate, sludge and gases without double counting. Unsupported relationships and unexplained residuals require review.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022
v_release	all elementary output rows	Require actual release outlet/receiver and valid species/unit/sampling basis after abatement. External waste transfer is not an environmental release; dissolved-only analytical filtration does not justify dropping particulate matter or other measured ions. Separate Cl2/HCl and non-overlapping dust/PM bins.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-crvi-218-6, epa-anions-300-1
v_utilities	electricity, steam_heat, heat_export	Verify AC voltage/grid/loss interface and exact reference energy property; retain AC/DC meter reconciliation. Verify steam pressure/quality and contractual net heat/enthalpy/water interface before provider linkage; MJ alone is insufficient.	eu-lvics-2007
v_allocation	shared environmental burdens	Validate the selected hierarchy, actual useful outputs and gate values, directly assigned versus joint burdens and sensitivity; never mechanically scale physical co-product output. Avoid simultaneous allocation and substitution benefits for the same output.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
v_completeness	all inventory rows	No completed dataset claim with missing actual quantities, provider bases, UUIDs required for linkage, unresolved measured species or incompatible evidence. Add actual grade/route/compound/service extensions as individual atomic exchanges with their own source and identity checks. Do not declare review/publication from mechanical checks.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset only after actual data collection, provider linkage and separate review
downstream_use	Supply of the declared dried bulk sodium-chlorate crystal at its stated gate
allowed_use	Declared route/state/grade and measured supplied-product mass; explicit conditional guidance until unresolved evidence is completed
excluded_use	Other salts/oxidation states; solution or wet-cake/hydrate basis; packaged delivery or different process variants without actual extensions; unproved substitution credits; claims of scientific approval
required_metadata	Reference qualifiers; site/period/route/grade; actual source and supplier bases; upstream/foreground interfaces; physical/component water and stock ledgers; gas/heat destinations; emission media; waste treatment; allocation choices; uncertainty and remaining gaps
required_quality_disclosure	Actual coverage of collection/checks, measurement limitations, unknown UUID/provider links, source metadata classification debt, nondetect handling, uncertainty and independent scientific/translation review state
update_trigger	Changed route/additive/grade/hydration/delivery form; different source or utility conditions; new measured species/outlet; changed treatment or hydrogen/heat use; updated representative field evidence or source clarification

11. Data Sources

These originals constrain only the stated method/scope. No historical consumption, production ratio, recipe, purity, emission factor, market price or single-plant observation is adopted as a quantity default. The database identities are represented by UUIDs in the flow cards and are not literature sources.

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
eu-lvics-2007	official_guidance	European Commission, Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Manufacture of Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals – Solids and Others Industry, August2007; §7.13, printed pp.513–527 / PDF pp.558–572; https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2019-11/lvic-s_bref_0907.pdf	Route, Figure7.39 stage interfaces, brine impurities/auxiliaries, mother-liquor and water recovery, hydrogen/heat branches, species releases and segregated waste. 2007 European descriptive/BAT evidence only; no current permit, universal recipe or amount range.
epa-chlorate-2022	official_guidance	US EPA, Sodium Chlorate Supply Chain – Full Profile, EPA817-F-22-043, December2022, manufacturing section printed p.1 / PDF p.2; https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2023-03/Sodium%20Chlorate%20Supply%20Chain%20Profile.pdf	NaCl-brine electrolysis identity and balanced reaction; crystallization, washing/drying and hydrogen branch. Supply-chain context is not a yield, shelf-life or inventory default.
nouryon-chlorate-manual	handbook	Nouryon, Sodium chlorate Product information manual, undated producer manual as acquired 2026-10-13; physical form pp.5–6, analytical scope pp.16–18; https://www.nouryon.com/globalassets/inriver/resources/brochure-nouryon-sodiumchlorate-product-information-manual.pdf	Crystal versus solution identity and solution assay planning. Formula, typical density, performance and solution-method concentration intervals are not adopted as general crystal or high-salt-matrix defaults; current SKU assay needs actual validated collection.
epa-crvi-218-6	official_guidance	US EPA, Method218.6, Revision3.3, May1994, §§1–2, PDF pp.3–4; https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-08/documents/method_218-6_rev_3-3_1994.pdf	Dissolved Cr(VI) analytical fraction, industrial-effluent scope, high-anion interference and valence preservation. Not total Cr, Cr(III), particulate Cr, a quantitative default or current regulatory holding-time advice.
epa-anions-300-1	official_guidance	US EPA, Method300.1, Revision1.0,1997, §§1–3, PDF pp.2–4; https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-08/documents/method_300-1_1997.pdf	Chloride/chlorate and other anion identity and QA principles. Source water/drinking-water scope; industrial brine/effluent matrix needs demonstrated applicability and actual validation, not automatic certification.
eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021	official_guidance	European Commission, C(2021)9332 final, Annexes1–2,16December2021, AnnexI §4.5, PDF/printed pp.63–64; https://environment.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2021-12/Annexes%201%20to%202.pdf	General subdivision/system-expansion → meaningful physical → other/economic relation hierarchy and justification. No animal-specific factors, default share or price, unproved substitution benefit or complete PEF compliance claim.

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Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 5

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`b_route`	chlorate_production	Include brine making/purification, rectification/electrolysis/reaction, crystallization/washing/drying, hydrogen scrubbing, solid handling, actual effluent/waste management and represented consumable replacement. Retain stage meters even when modelled as one foreground unit.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022
`b_loops`	chlorate_production	Keep a physical stage ledger for recycle links with equal quantities/composition at both ends; inventory changes, spills, recovered dust and actual purges are measured. Internal mother liquor, wet crystal and finished crystal transfers are not duplicate external product outputs.	eu-lvics-2007
`b_interfaces`	all inventory rows	Preserve all upstream production and actual transport/treatment burdens through compatible provider links. Declare foreground/background interfaces; outsourced wastewater is a waste transfer and not a site freshwater pollutant discharge. Extend the actual recipient’s treatment inventory through its own measured releases without duplicating it.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`b_emissions`	all elementary output rows	Include measured atmospheric and actual receiving-water releases after abatement, including start/stop events and leaks. Closed-loop or negligible historical emissions are not proof of zero; not-applicable/zero, missing measurement and nondetect remain distinct. Different receiving media require separately verified identities.	eu-lvics-2007
`b_capital`	chlorate_production	Declare capital-equipment treatment under the study method; do not hide consumed electrode/filter replacements as capital. No default infrastructure, fuel boiler, packaging or refrigerated route is inserted. Any actual extension must have its own atomic rows, basis and applicable original evidence.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

Allocation rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`allocation_rule_1`	foreground_burden_allocation	The unallocated physical ledger contains the full measured chlorate crystal, useful hydrogen, recovered external heat, actual wastes and releases. Allocation operates on attributable environmental burdens; it never multiplies a co-product’s physical mass/heat by its own allocation share. This separation is essential to preserve material/element and energy closure. The generic hierarchy in eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021 Annex I §4.5 informs this PCR; no claim of a complete PEF study or sector-specific approval follows.
`a_physical`	chlorate_production	Preserve measured physical quantities for all outputs, internal reuse, stocks, wastes and releases before allocating. Sold hydrogen, vented H2 and internal gas movements are distinct; recovered internal heat is not an exported co-product.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`a_hierarchy`	shared burdens	Investigate subdivision/system expansion first, then a relevant demonstrated physical relationship. Assign separable crystal-drying or hydrogen-conditioning activities to their actual outputs; do not infer a causal allocation from theoretical mass ratio or generic heating values. Record the rejected choices and justification.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`a_economic`	non-separable joint burdens	If the earlier hierarchy cannot supply a defensible method, use actual period-matched accepted output gate values: crystal value, useful exported hydrogen value and useful exported recovered-heat value. Apply economic_share only to the remaining joint environmental burdens, retain sensitivity and actual prices, and leave unknown value/share unresolved.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`a_wastes`	all waste output rows	Establish product versus waste from actual acceptance/use and the study’s applicable methodology, not merely a flow name or positive mass. Retain measured waste transport/treatment responsibilities. No routine sale, avoided burden or recycling credit is presumed.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`a_substitution`	hydrogen_product, heat_export	Any separate system-expansion/substitution scenario needs an empirically established user, displaced product/service, compatible technology and quantity basis. Do not combine a substitution credit and allocation benefit for the same outlet. Report the expanded system and uncertainty explicitly.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

Validation rules · 8

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`v_reference`	chlorate_product	Require one final reference row with exactly 1 kg accepted net supplied dried crystal; verify chemical/route/state and all qualifiers. Same-salt internal links are not extra reference outputs.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022, nouryon-chlorate-manual
`v_denominator`	all inventory rows	Inventory basis, collection aggregation and normalization use the same P and per 1 kg reference flow. No active-mass, wet-cake, solution, hydrogen or packaging denominator substitution; both languages keep the same rule/row ids and formulas.	eu-lvics-2007
`v_identity`	all inventory rows	Verify actual source, species/CAS, route, grade, media, reference property/unit and provider background amount compatibility. Unresolved identities stay blank and block complete linked-dataset claims, not silently replaced by other products/elementary compartments.	eu-lvics-2007
`v_phase_balance`	all physical links and outputs	Reconcile physical mass, water and component/element stocks across all actual outlets. Confirm paired internal links, full co-product physical output, mother liquor, retained water, crystalline/free water, co-salts, filtrate, sludge and gases without double counting. Unsupported relationships and unexplained residuals require review.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-chlorate-2022
`v_release`	all elementary output rows	Require actual release outlet/receiver and valid species/unit/sampling basis after abatement. External waste transfer is not an environmental release; dissolved-only analytical filtration does not justify dropping particulate matter or other measured ions. Separate Cl2/HCl and non-overlapping dust/PM bins.	eu-lvics-2007, epa-crvi-218-6, epa-anions-300-1
`v_utilities`	electricity, steam_heat, heat_export	Verify AC voltage/grid/loss interface and exact reference energy property; retain AC/DC meter reconciliation. Verify steam pressure/quality and contractual net heat/enthalpy/water interface before provider linkage; MJ alone is insufficient.	eu-lvics-2007
`v_allocation`	shared environmental burdens	Validate the selected hierarchy, actual useful outputs and gate values, directly assigned versus joint burdens and sensitivity; never mechanically scale physical co-product output. Avoid simultaneous allocation and substitution benefits for the same output.	eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021
`v_completeness`	all inventory rows	No completed dataset claim with missing actual quantities, provider bases, UUIDs required for linkage, unresolved measured species or incompatible evidence. Add actual grade/route/compound/service extensions as individual atomic exchanges with their own source and identity checks. Do not declare review/publication from mechanical checks.	eu-lvics-2007, eu-ef-multifunctionality-2021

Processes and inputs/outputs · 1

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`chlorate_production`	Integrated bulk crystal manufacture	15	27

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Sodium chlorate crystals by sodium-chloride brine electrolysis

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Integrated bulk crystal manufacture (chlorate_production)

Inputs

Product flows

Sodium chloride (salt_feed)

Process Water (process_water)

Alternating current (electricity)

Sodium hydroxide（30%） (sodium_hydroxide)

Anhydrous sodium carbonate for brine purification (sodium_carbonate)

Calcium chloride, CaCl2 (calcium_chloride)

Hydrochloric acid (30%) (hydrochloric_acid)

Sodium dichromate (sodium_dichromate)

Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (peroxide)

Nitrogen gas (nitrogen_product)

Imported process heat carried by steam (steam_heat)

Titanium Ruthenium Electrode (anode)

Steel cathode for sodium-chlorate electrolysis (cathode)

Brine-compatible replacement filter cartridge (filter_cartridge)

Paper Bag (incoming_bag)

Outputs

Product flows

Sodium chlorate (chlorate_product)

Purified hydrogen co-product from sodium-chlorate electrolysis (hydrogen_product)

Exported recovered electrolyte heat (heat_export)

Waste flows

Chromium-free brine-purification filter cake (brine_cake)

Chromium-bearing electrolyte filtration sludge (chromium_sludge)

Chromium-contaminated spent brine filter cartridge (spent_filter)

Spent coated titanium electrolysis anode (spent_anode)

Spent steel electrolysis cathode (spent_cathode)

Dichromate-contaminated discarded paper bag (empty_bag)

Chloride-chlorate-chromium aqueous purge to external treatment (wastewater)

Elementary flows

Sodium chlorate (chlorate_dust)

hydrogen (hydrogen_air)

chlorine (chlorine_air)

hydrogen chloride (hcl_air)

oxygen (oxygen_air)

dinitrogen (nitrogen_air)

water vapour (water_air)

Water (water_discharge)

chloride (chloride_water)

Sodium, ion (sodium_water)

chlorate (chlorate_water)

chromium (vi) (chromium_vi_water)

chromium (iii) (chromium_iii_water)

particles (PM2.5) (pm25_air)

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (pm10_air)

particles (> PM10) (pmover10_air)

Mineral-carbon carbon dioxide from acid washing (carbonate_co2_air)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

Calculation Rules

Data Quality Requirements

9. Validation Rules

10. Published Dataset Profile

11. Data Sources

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Process: Integrated bulk crystal manufacture (`chlorate_production`)

Sodium chloride (`salt_feed`)

Process Water (`process_water`)

Alternating current (`electricity`)

Sodium hydroxide（30%） (`sodium_hydroxide`)

Anhydrous sodium carbonate for brine purification (`sodium_carbonate`)

Calcium chloride, CaCl2 (`calcium_chloride`)

Hydrochloric acid (30%) (`hydrochloric_acid`)

Sodium dichromate (`sodium_dichromate`)

Hydrogen peroxide (30%) (`peroxide`)

Nitrogen gas (`nitrogen_product`)

Imported process heat carried by steam (`steam_heat`)

Titanium Ruthenium Electrode (`anode`)

Steel cathode for sodium-chlorate electrolysis (`cathode`)

Brine-compatible replacement filter cartridge (`filter_cartridge`)

Paper Bag (`incoming_bag`)

Sodium chlorate (`chlorate_product`)

Purified hydrogen co-product from sodium-chlorate electrolysis (`hydrogen_product`)

Exported recovered electrolyte heat (`heat_export`)

Chromium-free brine-purification filter cake (`brine_cake`)

Chromium-bearing electrolyte filtration sludge (`chromium_sludge`)

Chromium-contaminated spent brine filter cartridge (`spent_filter`)

Spent coated titanium electrolysis anode (`spent_anode`)

Spent steel electrolysis cathode (`spent_cathode`)

Dichromate-contaminated discarded paper bag (`empty_bag`)

Chloride-chlorate-chromium aqueous purge to external treatment (`wastewater`)

Sodium chlorate (`chlorate_dust`)

hydrogen (`hydrogen_air`)

chlorine (`chlorine_air`)

hydrogen chloride (`hcl_air`)

oxygen (`oxygen_air`)

dinitrogen (`nitrogen_air`)

water vapour (`water_air`)

Water (`water_discharge`)

chloride (`chloride_water`)

Sodium, ion (`sodium_water`)

chlorate (`chlorate_water`)

chromium (vi) (`chromium_vi_water`)

chromium (iii) (`chromium_iii_water`)

particles (PM2.5) (`pm25_air`)

particles (PM2.5 - PM10) (`pm10_air`)

particles (> PM10) (`pmover10_air`)

Mineral-carbon carbon dioxide from acid washing (`carbonate_co2_air`)