Distilled mixed fatty acids from coconut-oil hydrolysis

1. Scope and Applicability

This method covers a real industrial product route: refined coconut triglyceride oil, catalyst-free water hydrolysis, sweet-water separation, crude-acid flashing/dehydration, vacuum distillation, storage and bulk loading of a nonhydrogenated free-fatty-acid mixture. It covers a declared coconut-oil grade and measured composition, not a default chain length. IFC Annex A and Desmet identify the hydrolysis/distillation route; the producer PALMERA page distinguishes distilled coconut grades from fractionated acids. These originals establish a possible physical route and marketed product family, not an audited recipe for a named producer. (ifc-oleochemicals-2007; desmet-oleochemicals; klk-palmera-fatty-acids)

Exclude alkaline soapstock, crude soapstock acidulation oil, palm fatty-acid deodorizer distillate, tall-oil acids, tallow/palm/palm-kernel feed routes, chemically synthesized fossil fatty acids, hydrogenated products, methyl/other esters, fatty-acid salts, solvent/crystallization fractionation, purified single acids and formulated acid solutions. Soapstock acidulation has acid, salt, gum and aqueous-phase consequences unlike triglyceride hydrolysis; distillation does not retrospectively make their feed histories interchangeable. Upstream residue handling under the degras PCR does not cover this downstream manufactured product. (ifc-oleochemicals-2007; epa-soap-fat-splitting-1974; epo-soapstock-separation-1985)

The base unit receives external steam and grid electricity and does not operate combustion, hydrogenation, catalyst addition, glycerine concentration/refining or retail packaging inside its gate. If those operations are present, extend the physical model with individually reviewed inputs, outputs and direct emissions before claiming conformance. Steam supplied by another on-site subsystem still requires its separately accounted upstream dataset; its fuel and emissions cannot vanish. Optional on-site wastewater and gas treatment belong inside the selected boundary. No source pressure, concentration, yield, purity, utility demand or BAT emission level is an inventory default.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.other-transportable-goods-except-metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-chemicals.industrial-monocarboxylic-fatty-acids-acid-oils-from-refining
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 34120; proposed narrower scope, accepted mapping is a separate decision
covered_products	Nonhydrogenated distilled mixed free fatty acids made by catalyst-free hydrolysis of refined coconut oil
excluded_products	Acid oils, deodorizer distillates, other feedstock origins, esters/salts, hydrogenated products, purified single acids and formulated solutions
representative_product	One measured coconut-derived distilled-acid SKU in the producer distilled coconut product family; no universal SKU specification
production_route	Refined oil receipt → hydrolysis → sweet-water separation → flash/dehydration → vacuum distillation → storage → bulk loading
market_state	Net bulk mixture at factory gate with declared water and residual components; no added carrier solution or package in reference mass

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Industrial supply of the specified coconut-derived free-fatty-acid mixture
How much	1 kg net accepted bulk mixture
How well	Measured lot specification: full acid composition, water, free-acid fraction, residual glycerides/unsaponifiables, acid/saponification/iodine values where specified, contaminants and acceptance
How long or cycle	One release at the gate; declared representative production period, no lifetime service assertion
reference_flow_link	mixed_acid

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Fatty Acid ac9714b9-4722-4831-b3b4-d0d5fad447ec
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	Actual SKU; refined coconut-oil origin and supplier; biological/fossil carbon; catalyst-free hydrolysis; absence of hydrogenation/esterification; distillation cut; full composition; free-acid/water/residual fractions and test basis; net bulk acceptance; electricity voltage/mix; steam conditions and supplier basis; plant/period; co-product and waste destinations; allocation; foreground gate

All qualifiers must be stated in the concrete dataset. The reference is a broad industrial hydrolysis fatty-acid identity at a chemical plant, covering saturated and unsaturated acids without a single-CAS, purity, hydrogenation or feedstock restriction. Its source classification is not proof of product composition. Select the coconut-derived, nonhydrogenated distilled mixture through the declared qualifiers and actual lot profile, retaining measured water, glycerides and unsaponifiables in commercial net mass. This identity does not establish a supplier dataset, pure-acid amount or universal SKU specification. The single reference output is mixed_acid.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass	kg	Reference amount is 1 kg accepted net as-delivered bulk mixture. Preserve water and residuals; exclude transport-container tare.
mixture_basis	all inventory rows	Row-declared property	Row-declared unit	Normalize every exchange to per 1 kg reference flow using the same period and accepted net mixed-acid denominator B. Separately preserve physical totals, including all co-product outputs.
solution_basis	cleaning_naoh; sweetwater	Mass	kg	Record wet supplied mass and measured solute/water fractions. Active-mass calculations are supplementary; they do not replace wet mass or add a second water input.
steam_basis	splitting_steam; distillation_steam	Mass	kg	Retain actual steam mass and thermodynamic state; net delivered heat requires supply/return enthalpies and a matching provider definition. MJ or GCV alone is insufficient.
electricity_basis	electricity	Net calorific value	MJ	The recorded property is Net calorific value; meter electricity in kWh and convert by 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ, preserving voltage and supply boundary. It is electrical energy, not a fuel heating-value estimate.
composition_basis	mixed_acid; oil; sweetwater	Mass	kg	Measure species distribution, glycerides, unsaponifiables and water on stated analytical bases. Acid value is not free-acid mass without measured mixture composition/molar-mass basis; GC ester derivatization does not change product into esters. No assumed chain length.
carrier_basis	water_fresh; water_vapour; offsite_effluent	Row-declared property	Row-declared unit	Keep whole effluent and wet-gas carrier totals in the physical ledger. Water-species quantities and pollutant/species loads are separate analytical accounts, not quantities to add again to the whole stream. Outfall volume does not by itself establish water-species volume.

5. System Boundary

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_route	fatty_acid_unit	Include receipt, storage, splitting, sweet-water separation, flash/dehydration, vacuum distillation, recovery, loading, cleaning and actual on-site environmental controls. Preserve stage-specific measurements within the aggregated unit.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007; desmet-oleochemicals
sb_upstream	external inputs	Attach origin-, state-, technology-, geography- and quantity-compatible upstream datasets to oil, water, electricity, chemicals and steam. This gate is not a zero-burden raw-material boundary.	eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021
sb_internal	internal transfers	Retain a physical flow diagram and matched amounts at both ends of every internal transfer, including recirculated acid residue, recovered fat, water and condensate. Do not turn internal returns into external products, wastes or avoided-product credits.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016
sb_environment	outfalls and vents	Use a stream register to distinguish sewer exports, direct freshwater releases, captured organics, post-control vents and sludge. Monitor normal operation, startups, shutdowns, cleaning and upset conditions; do not inventory upstream supply emissions again.	jrc-cww-bref-2016; ifc-oleochemicals-2007
sb_refinement	oil receipt and site operations	Prior coconut-oil refining belongs in the refined-oil upstream dataset and is not repeated inside this gate. Include any actual additional filtration, pretreatment, maintenance, cleaning or loading operation, with each real auxiliary, replacement material, lubricant, container service and resulting waste separately recorded. Bulk delivery excludes container tare from reference mass, not actual container manufacture, reuse, cleaning or disposal burdens within the declared boundary.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Received refined coconut triglyceride oil and externally supplied utilities at the selected manufacturing gate
starting_condition_role	Measured foreground receiving condition, not virgin raw-material creation or burden-free residue recovery
product_classification_scope	CPC 3.0 34120 distilled coconut hydrolysis-acid subset only
recursive_input_rule	Internal same-category returns stay internal and balanced. External recovered fatty-acid input requires explicit identity, origin and upstream burden; it is outside this base coconut-oil recipe until reviewed.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Verified physical identity plus matching supplier reference quantity, grade, moisture/composition, technology, location, period and boundary; an unresolved provider is an open boundary, not zero
disclosure	Stage flow diagram, physical mass/water/biological-carbon/fossil-carbon balances, net exchange register, all receivers, separate allocated-burden ledger and unmeasured scope

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
fatty_acid_unit	Integrated coconut-oil splitting, distillation, bulk release and controls	required	Declared catalyst-free nonhydrogenated route; all actual on-site controls included	foreground	mixed_acid; 1 kg

The physical diagram remains oil → splitting → crude acid → dehydration/distillation → tank → bulk release; sweet water leaves splitting, light ends and heavy fraction leave distillation, and control-unit returns retain two matching internal endpoints. Intermediate acid/tank handover is not another external reference-product output. The cards below are a minimum conditional exchange register, not a recipe: activate only actual flows, justify absence with records, and add each additional measured chemical, fuel, material or emission as one reviewed atomic row.

Process: Integrated fatty-acid manufacture (fatty_acid_unit)

Inputs

Product flows

Coconut oil, refined (oil)

Refined coconut triglyceride oil received for this route; record lot composition, water, free acids and actual biological/fossil carbon. Crude oil and acid oil are different starting states.

• Selected flow: Coconut oil, refined 570397b9-62ae-4576-b584-56691c7fed08
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Deionised water (hydrolysis_water)

Externally supplied deionised water used for hydrolysis; record treatment and quality. Internal recovered condensate is a measured internal transfer, not a repeated external input.

• Selected flow: Deionised water 5b3acbab-2518-4406-8736-d21f222d757a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Tap water (utility_water)

Purchased treated tap water for cooling-system makeup, cleaning and treatment; measure net makeup separately from circulation. Convert meters with measured density and supply reference basis.

• Selected flow: Tap water d1e0e36c-07f0-4a75-bdcb-efb5d9e2ac36
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Alternating current (electricity)

Chinese grid consumption at the 1–35 kV user connection only: this native identity declares locationOfSupply CN. Record the actual Chinese regional mix, losses, transformer scope and voltage; supply outside China, another voltage or generation route requires a separately verified identity and provider.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

High-pressure steam delivered to the fat splitter (splitting_steam)

Record this delivered steam stream with actual pressure, temperature, dryness, mass, supply system and condensate return. Steam enthalpy and supplier MJ definitions must be reconciled before an energy-based background link.

• Selected flow: High-pressure steam delivered to the fat splitter
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steam
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Steam delivered to fatty-acid distillation heating (distillation_steam)

Record the separately metered distillation heating steam header only when it actually supplies the reboiler. Identify indirect heating, direct stripping and vacuum-motive duties separately; do not infer the heat-delivery route from a vacuum setpoint or generic technology page. Verify that actual steam pressure/temperature and exchanger conditions can deliver the required heat. Other heating media require their own concrete reviewed exchanges. Shared header totals must reconcile to stage readings without double counting. (desmet-distillation)

• Selected flow: Steam delivered to fatty-acid distillation heating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steam
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Aqueous sodium hydroxide cleaning solution (cleaning_naoh)

Conditional on actual NaOH cleaning or control-unit neutralisation use; this is not alkaline soapstock acidulation or product saponification. Record the commercial grade and supplied concentration, measure delivered solution as one flow, and assay NaOH mass fraction, water fraction and impurities. Disclose active NaOH mass separately in the composition ledger. Do not count carried water again as makeup; prepare a site dilution from separately measured purchased reagent and added water without also inventing a second purchased solution.

• Selected flow: Aqueous sodium hydroxide cleaning solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Activated carbon (activated_carbon)

Conditional on activated-carbon air or water treatment. Record grade, carbon origin, moisture, adsorption duty, replacement and regeneration; the broad chemical identity is not a background technology.

• Selected flow: Activated carbon 5cad53b5-252a-4e2f-8197-8be465707405
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Outputs

Product flows

Fatty Acid (mixed_acid)

Accepted nonhydrogenated distilled coconut-oil free-fatty-acid mixture in bulk at loading. Retain measured water, residual glycerides and unsaponifiables in net mass; this is not pure lauric acid or a methyl ester.

• Selected flow: Fatty Acid ac9714b9-4722-4831-b3b4-d0d5fad447ec
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_release
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Aqueous glycerine sweet water from coconut-oil hydrolysis (sweetwater)

Separated aqueous glycerine stream transferred as a product to a documented glycerine-recovery receiver. Measure total as-supplied wet mass, glycerol, water, residual fat and dissolved solids. Glycerol and water species explain the carrier; they are not additional external outputs. Pure glycerol UUIDs do not identify this solution; downstream concentration and refining are outside this gate. Any waste portion retains its separate actual disposition, never a presumed zero-burden credit.

• Selected flow: Aqueous glycerine sweet water from coconut-oil hydrolysis
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Marketed heavy fatty-acid distillation fraction (heavy_coproduct)

Activate only for the marketed portion with a documented product specification, legal status and receiver; record water, acids, glycerides and degraded material. Each lot or portion has one disposition. Marketed, waste and internal-return portions may coexist and must partition the measured total heavy fraction without overlap.

• Selected flow: Marketed heavy fatty-acid distillation fraction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Marketed condensed light fatty-acid distillation fraction (light_coproduct)

Only an actual marketed heads portion with verified specification, receiver and product status. Record whole wet mass and acid/water composition; partition it from light_ends waste and any internal recycle. Commercial sale is not inferred from technical recoverability.

• Selected flow: Marketed condensed light fatty-acid distillation fraction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Condensate returned to the external steam supplier (returned_condensate)

Only condensate actually crossing the selected foreground gate back to the steam supplier. Meter mass, temperature, pressure, contamination and destination. Internal condensate reuse stays in the transfer ledger. Supplier return entitlement and energy reference must be reconciled; a physical return does not automatically earn an avoided-water or heat credit.

• Selected flow: Condensate returned to the external steam supplier
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_steam
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Waste flows

Waste pitch from fatty-acid distillation (heavy_waste)

Only the disposed portion of distillation heavy residue crosses this boundary. Measure wet mass, retained acids, glycerides, carbon and treatment destination; internally rehydrolysed residue is not an external waste. Do not double count heavy_coproduct.

• Selected flow: Waste pitch from fatty-acid distillation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Condensed light ends from fatty-acid distillation (light_ends)

Measure the captured light-end condensate with actual water and organic composition and disposal receiver. Captured condensate is not an air release. If marketed, add a separately reviewed product disposition instead of a waste credit.

• Selected flow: Condensed light ends from fatty-acid distillation
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Discarded aqueous glycerine sweet water from coconut-oil hydrolysis (sweetwater_waste)

Only an actual separately exported waste portion; record wet mass, glycerol, water, residual fat, contaminants and treatment receiver. Each portion is assigned once between sweetwater product, this waste transfer, internal recovery and any physically combined offsite_effluent. Combining streams does not erase the origin or glycerol account.

• Selected flow: Discarded aqueous glycerine sweet water from coconut-oil hydrolysis
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Fat-splitting and fatty-acid-distillation wastewater exported for treatment (offsite_effluent)

One physically mixed wastewater transfer after documented mixing, with component-origin records preserved. Record wet mass or measured volume/density, oil/grease, glycerol, COD, pH and receiving treatment. Pollutants in this transfer are not direct environmental releases.

• Selected flow: Fat-splitting and fatty-acid-distillation wastewater exported for treatment
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Sludge (primary_sludge)

Only primary oily separation sludge exported from flotation or settlement; disclose wet/dry mass, oil, residual free acids, contaminants and receiver. Internal recovered fat is recorded as an internal return.

• Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Sludge (biological_sludge)

Conditional on on-site biological wastewater treatment: external excess biological sludge only, distinct from primary sludge and internal return activated sludge; record water, dry solids, carbon, contamination and receiver.

• Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

spent activated carbon (spent_carbon)

Only spent activated carbon crossing the gate to a receiver; weigh wet mass and assay moisture and adsorbed organics. Internal regeneration is not a second disposal flow.

• Selected flow: spent activated carbon aff33890-3f08-40f9-9310-a7f77213de05
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residual
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Elementary flows

water vapour (water_vapour)

Water vapour actually escaping to outdoor air after condensers and cooling; measure H2O species mass from a closed water balance or matched moisture and gas measurements, retaining the complete wet-gas carrier separately. Dry-air mass, wet vent volume and the entire flashed steam inventory are not this H2O exchange. Air subcompartment unspecified; change identity when a known subcompartment requires it.

• Selected flow: water vapour fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-ac04-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Liquid water discharged to fresh water (water_fresh)

Conditional H2O-species discharge from on-site treatment or a documented uncontaminated outlet to fresh water. Retain whole effluent volume/mass, water fraction and pollutant loads separately. Express water-species volume from measured H2O mass and the declared water-density/reference convention; treating whole outfall volume as pure water requires demonstrated equivalence. COD oxygen demand is not physical dissolved mass. Do not count off-site sewer transfer again as direct release or add overlapping carrier and species totals in the mass balance.

• Selected flow: Liquid water discharged to fresh water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

chemical oxygen demand (cod_fresh)

Direct freshwater outfall COD load as measured oxygen demand, kg O2-equivalent, not kg fatty acid or carbon. Retain COD as a sum indicator and inventory identified harmful substances separately; disclose LCIA overlaps rather than adding overlapping indicator burdens.

• Selected flow: chemical oxygen demand 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-97ed-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

Total suspended solids discharged to fresh water (tss_fresh)

Direct freshwater outfall suspended-solid load from matched filtered gravimetric samples and discharge volume. Keep dissolved material, oil/grease and sludge exports separate; do not sum solid constituents again into total mass.

• Selected flow: Total suspended solids discharged to fresh water
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_effluent
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

carbon dioxide (biogenic) (co2_bio)

Conditional actual biogenic CO2 from on-site degradation of coconut-derived organic carbon. Reconcile measured carbon conversion and gas evidence; exclude upstream boiler emissions already in supply datasets. Preserve this LCI exchange regardless of climate-accounting treatment.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (biogenic) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-9c15-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

carbon dioxide (fossil) (co2_fossil)

Only identified fossil-carbon conversion inside this foreground unit, for example degradation of fossil-derived auxiliary carbon; no positive quantity inferred from a vegetable feed or purchased energy. Keep actual fossil and biological carbon ledgers separate.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

hexanoic acid (hexanoic_air)

Only chemically identified hexanoic acid (CAS 142-62-1) remaining in outdoor process vents or diffuse releases after capture. Screen actual vent composition; do not assume this species represents all low-molecular fatty-acid odour.

• Selected flow: hexanoic acid 0c09ad1f-8a46-45e6-bb54-078a197e7e66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

acetaldehyde (acetaldehyde_air)

Only analytically identified acetaldehyde (CAS 75-07-0) from thermal degradation reaching outdoor air. No generic aldehyde or total VOC substitution; add every other measured species as its own reviewed row.

• Selected flow: acetaldehyde fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a7a5-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_air
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

methane (biogenic) (methane_bio)

Conditional on biological treatment or storage producing biogenic methane; record actual generated, captured, destroyed and leaked methane. A captured biogas flow is a technosphere transfer and must not be counted as atmospheric methane.

• Selected flow: methane (biogenic) fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a8e8-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured physical quantity for the same period divided by accepted net mixed-acid output; retain the unallocated total. Demonstrated absence may be recorded as zero; missing evidence is unknown.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_carbon
• Sources: ifc-oleochemicals-2007; jrc-cww-bref-2016

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
al_physical	all physical flows	Keep actual oil, water, acid, sweet-water, heavy-fraction, waste and emission quantities in an unallocated physical mass/water/carbon balance. Never multiply the physical co-product output by an allocation share. Record stock changes and internal transfers explicitly.	jrc-cww-bref-2016; ifc-oleochemicals-2007
al_hierarchy	shared burdens	First subdivide direct product-specific measurements or consider justified system expansion for an expanded system. For the product dataset, shared burdens require a demonstrated causal physical relationship; equal wet-mass shares are not automatic, especially for dilute sweet water. If this cannot be established, justify a period- and gate-matched economic relationship. No universal allocation fraction or glycerine yield.	eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021
al_receivers	sweetwater; sweetwater_waste; heavy_coproduct; heavy_waste; light_coproduct; light_ends	Use actual specifications, contracts and legal receiver status to establish each co-product; zero price alone does not prove waste. Preserve each actual product, waste and internal-return portion of sweet water, heads and heavies; each portion is assigned once and the portions reconcile to their physical stream total. Glycerine refining belongs downstream. Waste treatment remains linked to its generating route. No assumed sale, suppressed co-product or artificial zero credit.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007; eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021
al_ledger	reported product burdens	Maintain a separate environmental-burden ledger with direct assignments, shared pools, allocation factors, sum checks and sensitivity. Internal recovery alone earns no avoided-product credit. Product-normalized burden quantities are not substituted for the physical balances.	eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_release	fatty_acid_unit	reference product	measured_record	SKU; lot; net mass; tare; composition; water; free acids; glycerides; unsaponifiables; carbon source; method/uncertainty; acceptance; opening/closing accepted stock; dispatch; rejects; returns	Calibrated net bulk weighing or calibrated tank/mass-meter balance with measured density/temperature. Derive accepted production for the same activity period by reconciling dispatch, accepted stock changes, returns and rejects; do not divide current production inputs by unmatched shipments from earlier stocks. Use representative lot sampling and validated analytical methods; preserve chromatographic species/mass basis and test-method limits.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_material	fatty_acid_unit	feed, solution, carbon and sweet water	measured_record	flow identity; lot; wet mass; concentration; water; contaminants; supplier; carbon origin; receiver; opening/closing stocks	Calibrated receiving/dispatch measurements and representative paired samples; reconcile invoices, inventories and composition assays. Keep sweet-water wet output and glycerol component separately.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_water	fatty_acid_unit	water inputs	measured_record	meter; inlet/outlet; net makeup; internal circulation/recovery; water quality; density; temperature; solution-carried water	Meter distinct supply headers; document density for mass conversion; separate net purchases, internal circulation, steam-derived condensate and chemical carrier water.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_energy	fatty_acid_unit	electricity	measured_record	stage meters; kWh; voltage; supplier; country/region; grid mix; losses; operating hours; shared allocation	Calibrated electricity meters; retain stage readings and measured shared-service assignment; verify CN geography and 1–35 kV consumption supply compatibility or select another verified physical identity.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_steam	fatty_acid_unit	individual steam headers	measured_record	delivered mass; pressure absolute/gauge; temperature; dryness; inlet/return enthalpy; condensate mass; makeup; losses; supplier MJ convention	Meter each header and condensate return over matched intervals; use traceable steam-property calculations from actual state; verify supplier steam quantity/heat boundary before background conversion. Unknown pressure, state or MJ convention blocks that link.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_residual	fatty_acid_unit	heavy fraction, light ends and distinct residuals	measured_record	origin; wet mass; dry solids; water; acid/glyceride fraction; carbon; contaminants; receiver; product/waste status; internal returns	Weigh and sample each physically distinct stream, including primary and biological sludge separately; reconcile dispatch manifests and internal return meters; document legal receiver and specification.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_effluent	fatty_acid_unit	wastewater and direct water outputs	measured_record	origin; mixing point; sewer/direct receiver; flow time series; density; pH; COD; BOD; TOC; TSS; oil/grease; specific substances; laboratory method; detection limit	Matched outfall flow and representative samples, including non-routine events; monitor influent and treated outlet separately. Keep sewer-transfer composition in its waste record; direct releases occur only at the environmental outfall.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_air	fatty_acid_unit	vent species and evaporation	measured_record	source; post-control gas volume; temperature/pressure; wet/dry basis; chemical species/CAS; concentration; capture; operating time; detection limits; water loss	Representative species-specific post-control vent measurements and documented fugitive sampling/mass balances. No total VOC-to-species factor; test actual fatty acids, aldehydes and other degradation products.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty
cp_carbon	fatty_acid_unit	carbon partition and treatment gases	measured_record	biogenic/fossil input carbon; product/residual carbon; gas species; generated/captured/destroyed/leaked CH4; CO2; stock changes; carbon-content analysis	Separate biological/fossil carbon balances using supplier origin and measured material/gas carbon; on-site treatment gas monitoring and captured-gas meters. Do not infer CO2 from COD or unknown acid chain length.	row-declared units	each lot and continuous/representative operating intervals	one declared representative period including cleaning/upsets	all included stages and gates	per 1 kg reference flow	calibration; sample representativeness; lab method; stock/receiver reconciliation; uncertainty

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalized	all inventory rows	N = sum(Q) / B; Q is a measured exchange total and B is accepted net bulk mixed-acid kg from cp_release for the same period; retain Q and B and separate internal amounts.	Q; B; cp_release	exchange quantity per 1 kg reference flow	jrc-cww-bref-2016
calc_component	cleaning_naoh; sweetwater; mixed_acid	component_mass = wet_mass × measured_mass_fraction; water_mass = wet_mass × measured_water_fraction. Components explain the parent wet flow and must not be added to it as extra exchanges.	wet_mass; measured_mass_fraction; measured_water_fraction	component and water ledgers	ifc-oleochemicals-2007
calc_load	cod_fresh; tss_fresh	load_kg = sum(C_mg_per_L × V_m3 × 0.001) for matched sampling intervals; retain pollutant analytical quantity definition. COD is kg oxygen demand, TSS is kg dry suspended material.	concentration; outfall_volume; cp_effluent	measured direct outfall loads	jrc-cww-bref-2016
calc_steam	splitting_steam; distillation_steam; returned_condensate	Keep steam mass as the exchange basis. For an indirect heater, matched steady operation with all incoming steam recovered as the measured return and negligible documented work, storage and other heat losses permits heat_MJ = sum(m × (h_in − h_return)) / 1000. Use one enthalpy datum and actual absolute pressure, temperature and phase/dryness with traceable IAPWS-IF97 calculations (h in kJ/kg, m in kg) within their validity regions. Otherwise require a complete boundary-specific energy balance including flash, leakage, blowdown, stocks and losses once; this simplified formula cannot be applied to direct injection or unmatched return mass. Reconcile the provider reference definition before an energy link; never equate GCV with delivered heat.	matched_mass; actual_states; return_mass; actual_enthalpies; boundary_evidence; cp_steam	conditional heat supplement; physical steam and condensate remain separate	iapws-if97-2012; ifc-oleochemicals-2007
calc_burden	allocated environmental burdens	For product j, burden_j = directly_attributed_j + share_j × shared_pool; shares sum to one for each pool. If justified economic allocation is selected, share_j = measured_output_j × gate_price_j / sum(measured_output_k × gate_price_k), using priced wet or active quantity exactly as contracted. Keep physical outputs unscaled.	shared_pool; direct_attribution; measured_outputs; prices; justified_relationship	separate allocated burden ledger and sensitivity	eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all flows	Physical identity, property/unit and actual quantity/provider compatibility are separate checks; disclose every blank UUID and open provider, no substitute pure-acid or route-incompatible dataset.	primary specifications, raw assays and provider reference definitions
dq_balances	fatty_acid_unit	Close stage and aggregated wet-mass, water, biological-carbon and fossil-carbon balances including stock changes, all actual co-products, residues and direct releases; report residual imbalance with measurement uncertainty, no invented tolerance. Retain species and C/H/O accounts separately using actual acid/glyceride profiles and analytically supported molecular bases. Hydrolysis consumes water into products; no universal acid molecular weight, glycerol yield or measured-species inventory follows from a generic fatty-acid identity.	flow diagram, paired transfer totals, measured profiles, carbon and composition assays
dq_operations	maintenance, stocks and bulk containers	Cover non-routine cleaning and maintenance, each actual lubricant, replacement/filter material, loading loss and container service at the declared gate. Reconcile reuse cycles, container stocks, delivered contents and tare; add each actual exchange with its own identity and measured amount before claiming full coverage. Excluding retail packaging is not evidence that bulk handling has no burden.	maintenance orders, chemical invoices/assays, container ownership/reuse/cleaning records and stock ledger
dq_coverage	all active rows	Cover a representative complete period; report gaps and detection limits. Missing data is unknown, not zero. Any additional actual species/auxiliary requires an atomic row before a complete dataset claim.	stream register and monitoring plan
dq_sources	source applicability	Use IFC sector guidance and CWW chemical-sector monitoring for their declared scope. Historical EPA and producer/technology pages support distinctions only; their numerical cases, limits, recipes and source pressures are not defaults.	source sections and actual local applicability assessment

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
v_identity	reference and inputs	Require refined coconut oil, hydrolysis/distillation and measured mixed free-acid product, with no excluded route. A broad industrial hydrolysis identity requires the actual nonhydrogenated coconut profile and whole commercial-mass basis; native hydrogenation, different feedstock, pure-acid, ester or conflicting grade restrictions cannot be waived with qualifiers. Broad classifications are not proof of composition.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007; klk-palmera-fatty-acids
v_reference	mixed_acid	Exactly one completed reference product output: 1 kg net mixture; all inventory denominators and collection aggregations match it in both languages. Stage handovers are internal.	jrc-cww-bref-2016
v_supply	steam; electricity; solutions	Require actual voltage, steam pressure/state/return and supply reference basis, and solution wet/active/water reconciliation. Unresolved provider quantity conventions prevent claiming a complete background link.	ifc-oleochemicals-2007
v_physical	mass and allocation ledgers	Require mass/water/carbon balance closure evidence with every actual output; internal endpoints equal; heavy-product/waste dispositions nonoverlapping. Allocation may change burden shares, never erase physical co-products or emissions.	jrc-cww-bref-2016; eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021
v_emissions	all environmental releases	Separate true substance, carbon origin, current/delayed timing and receiving medium. COD, TOC and species inventories must not produce duplicated impact; no generic VOC substitution. PM size classes, if present, must be nonoverlapping; captured dust/condensate is waste or recovery, not another emitted mass. Retain actual biogenic CO2 in LCI.	jrc-cww-bref-2016; ifc-oleochemicals-2007
v_completeness	data package	Every active exchange needs measurement evidence, identity decision, provider/receiver and unit basis. Any omitted actual exchange, blank required identity, missing sample, unsupported conversion or unknown quantity remains explicit and prevents a complete-data claim. Method authorship is not scientific approval or dataset verification.	jrc-cww-bref-2016

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground production dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Declared catalyst-free nonhydrogenated refined-coconut-oil splitting/distillation bulk grade, after actual data and applicability checks
excluded_use	Whole-CPC average; acidulation oil; pure single acid; esters; other feedstocks; hydrogenation; unmeasured supplier/default recipes
required_metadata	SKU/composition/state; net gate mass; supplier/reference conventions; carbon origin; process map; period/site; receivers; allocation; evidence and uncertainty
required_quality_disclosure	UUID gaps, provider/measurement gaps, carbon and water balances, omitted scope, monitoring/detection coverage and independent-review status
update_trigger	Feedstock, supplier, composition, hydrogenation/esterification, distillation cut, utilities, receivers, measurement basis or allocation changes

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
ifc-oleochemicals-2007	official_guidance	World Bank Group/IFC, EHS Guidelines for Oleochemicals Manufacturing, 30 April 2007	pp. 1–5, 10, 13–14: sector applicability, water/air/residues, representative monitoring, splitting/distillation and sweet-water separation. Source numeric examples and Table 3 are not inventory defaults.
jrc-cww-bref-2016	official_guidance	JRC, CWW BREF, 2016, JRC103096	Scope p. xxiii (PDF29), BAT2–4 pp.543–544 (PDF573–574): chemical-sector stream register, process sheets and matched flow/load monitoring. No BAT-AEL-to-inventory conversion or legal-conformance claim.
klk-palmera-fatty-acids	handbook	KLK OLEO, PALMERA Fatty Acids, publisher product page	Description and Distilled Fatty Acids → Coconut Fatty Acid family: actual marketed vegetable mixed-acid route distinct from fractionated acid grades. Product family only; no universal composition, grade purity or plant recipe.
desmet-oleochemicals	handbook	Desmet, Oleochemicals, publisher technology page	How does it work; Raw materials: triglyceride/water splitting, two main products, distillation and coconut-oil applicability. Equipment/route evidence only, not performance or recipe defaults.
epa-soap-fat-splitting-1974	official_guidance	US EPA, Soap and Detergent Manufacturing Development Document, EPA-440/1-74-018-a, April 1974	pp.24–26 (PDF39–41): historical fat splitting, glycerine separation, subsequent acid distillation and soap neutralisation distinctions. Historical catalytic examples, pressures, yields and soap recipes do not apply as defaults to the catalyst-free route.
eu-pef-multifunctionality-2021	official_guidance	European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279, Annex I §4.5, pp.63–64	Subdivision/system expansion, causal physical relationship and justified alternative/economic allocation hierarchy only; no assertion that this PCR or future dataset is fully PEF compliant.
epo-soapstock-separation-1985	literature	EP0160326A1, Process for obtaining fatty acid product from glyceride oil soapstock, 6 November 1985	Background of the invention: alkaline refining soapstock, mineral-acid acidulation and separate aqueous/emulsified/fatty-acid layers; exclusion boundary only. Patent process disclosure is not proof of a universal deployed route or recipe; its numeric composition and examples are not defaults.
iapws-if97-2012	official_guidance	IAPWS R7-97(2012), Revised Release on the Industrial Formulation 1997 for Water and Steam	§§1–4 and region property equations: traceable actual-state steam/water enthalpy, phase and validity checks. Thermophysical properties do not establish process duty, provider reference quantity or a universal steam amount.
desmet-distillation	handbook	Desmet, Distillation & Fractionation, publisher technology page	Tailor-made reboiler, steam/condenser and heat-recovery options establish why actual heat-delivery configuration must be verified. No plant recipe, performance default or universal steam-heated reboiler is established.