Self-propelled front-end shovel loaders

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers complete self-propelled front-end loaders whose principal function is front-bucket excavation, scooping, carrying and loading earth, minerals or similar material. Wheeled, skid-steer and crawler arrangements and diesel, battery-electric or documented hybrid power configurations are included when that principal function and complete-machine interface are established. Size or one manufacturer model does not define the category. Record actual steering, traction, hydraulic, braking, operator protection, bucket/coupler, power and thermal architectures.

Exclude standalone buckets, attachments and parts; bulldozers, graders, scrapers and rollers; 360-degree excavators; and complete backhoe loaders or other mixed excavation architectures whose principal function/classification needs a separate review. An auxiliary fork or ripper supplied with a genuine front-loader does not alone change its principal category, but disclose and inventory its actual supplied content. Do not infer a hybrid classification from a convenient motor UUID. This is factory dataset-production methodology; loading performance, lifetime productivity and downstream service fuel are outside the manufacturing reference.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.special-purpose-machinery.front-end-shovel-loaders-self-propelled
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 44425
covered_products	Complete self-propelled front-end wheeled or crawler loader; actual power architecture and supplied configuration declared.
excluded_products	Separate attachments and parts; backhoe loaders pending separate category review; revolving excavators and adjacent earthmoving principal functions.
representative_product	One complete accepted front-loader of one declared configuration; not a fixed model or recipe.
production_route	Bought complete modules with conditional onsite cutting, forming, machining, welding and coating, followed by assembly, filling, test and dispatch.
market_state	Complete accepted manufactured machine at factory gate; delivered bucket, loose accessories and retained fills identified.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Manufacture an accepted complete self-propelled front-end loader.
How much	1 kg of accepted net machine mass; record one accepted complete machine through measured M.
How well	Same declared configuration passes documented dimensional, traction, steering, braking, bucket/hydraulic, leak and power-system acceptance requirements; do not invent test loads or thresholds.
How long or cycle	One factory production and acceptance period; no assumed service lifetime.
reference_flow_link	loader

Field	Value
Reference amount	1
Reference product flow	Front-end shovel loaders, self-propelled 2282e30c-6b3c-478d-98ce-3f74677c00b5
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	model; serial/configuration; principal function; wheeled/skid-steer/crawler architecture; powertrain; battery chemistry or engine/aftertreatment; bucket/coupler and supplied accessories; fills; accepted net mass M; site; period; make/buy interfaces; actual test and dispatch state.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	M = accepted net mass of one complete machine of the same configuration in kg; collect using cp_mass.
native_units	all inventory rows	Actual native property	kg; MJ	Keep each native numerator unit. The electricity reference property is named Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66; its verified Units of energy group uses MJ, with 3.6 MJ/kWh for calibrated electricity meter conversion. This legacy property name does not prescribe a fuel-heating-value algorithm. Items or lengths require the actual same-construction conversion only where mass accounting needs it. Gas volume requires actual T/P and density; capacity does not give mass.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Actual received metal stock and externally supplied complete modules; state, existing coatings, fills and supplier upstream boundary declared.
starting_condition_role	foreground_dataset
product_classification_scope	Complete self-propelled front-end loader; classification does not impose one supplier BOM.
recursive_input_rule	Record an actual same-category bought machine once at its received state; expand only actual site finishing or modification, and do not manufacture the whole input again.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Require compatible upstream datasets for actual atomic supplies; include embedded materials/processes once in bought complete modules.
disclosure	Site, period, configuration, actual make/buy interface, module contents, excluded operations and missing data.

rule_id	Rule	source_ids
factory_boundary	Include actual fabrication, outsourced processing through upstream interfaces, assembly, filling, test/reject/rework and dispatch packing. Separate delivered fills from consumed test media. Exclude customer use and unrelated factory products.	jrc-metal-2020; volvo-l120-electric; cat-track-loaders
no_double_count	A bought complete module embeds its materials, coatings and supplier processes once. If a module is made onsite, replace that bought row with actual atomic inputs and processes. Internal transfers have paired equal output/input and cancel for the aggregate machine dataset.	jrc-metal-2020

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
fabrication	Conditional component fabrication and surface finishing	conditional	Actual site route and same accepted configuration only	foreground	loader
assembly	Configuration assembly and factory filling	required	Actual site route and same accepted configuration only	foreground	loader
test_dispatch	Acceptance test and dispatch	required	Actual site route and same accepted configuration only	foreground	loader

Process: Conditional component fabrication and surface finishing (fabrication)

Inputs

Product flows

Hot-rolled carbon steel plate (steel_plate)

Only actual site-fabricated frame, lift arm or bucket plate; measure grade, thickness and issued mass.

• Selected flow: Hot-rolled carbon steel plate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Steel welding filler wire (welding_wire)

Only actual welding route; record wire grade and issued/returned mass.

• Selected flow: Steel welding filler wire
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

oxygen (oxygen)

Only actual oxyfuel cutting with matching gaseous cryogenic at-plant supply and purity; no ambient-air proxy.

• Selected flow: oxygen 4f19ca15-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Carbon dioxide shielding gas (carbon_dioxide_gas)

Only actual CO2 shielding supply, separately from emitted CO2; purity and phase required.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide shielding gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Argon shielding gas (argon)

Only actual argon shielding; split mixed shielding formulations into separately identified atomic supply rows.

• Selected flow: Argon shielding gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Metalworking cutting fluid (cutting_fluid)

Only machining at this site; record supplied formulation, dilution, stocks and separate make-up water.

• Selected flow: Metalworking cutting fluid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Process Water (water)

Only matching purchased industrial process water used for cleaning or formulation; actual inlet state and supplier required.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Alternating current (electricity)

Conditional CN user-side below 1 kV supply only. Other voltage/geography needs its own qualified atomic identity. Meter fabrication and allocate unassigned shared loads only.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Natural gas fuel (natural_gas)

Only actual onsite fuel-fired cutting or coating heat; independently metered fuel and flue emissions.

• Selected flow: Natural gas fuel
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Purchased industrial heat (heat)

Only actual external heat supply; separate physical carrier from net enthalpy and do not add supplier boiler fuel onsite.

• Selected flow: Purchased industrial heat
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Water-based coating (paint)

Only actual water-based coating formulation with compatible chemistry and solids; other resin/solvent formulations require separate rows and evidence.

• Selected flow: Water-based coating
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Isopropanol (ipa)

Only matching CN at-plant chemical supply for actual cleaning; independently verify assay, issued solvent and fate.

• Selected flow: Isopropanol a4a75541-e156-4e30-947c-ba067a682afd
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Outputs

Waste flows

Carbon steel fabrication scrap (steel_scrap)

Actual separated offcuts/chips with contamination and receiver route declared.

• Selected flow: Carbon steel fabrication scrap
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Metalworking cleaning wastewater (wastewater)

Actual collected wastewater, composition and receiving treatment, not an elementary water emission by default.

• Selected flow: Metalworking cleaning wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Coating booth paint sludge (paint_sludge)

Actual captured sludge; wet mass, dry solids and solvent retention independently measured.

• Selected flow: Coating booth paint sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Elementary flows

Particles below 2.5 micrometres to air (particulates)

Only measured matching aerodynamic size fraction after control; captured filter dust is waste, not air release.

• Selected flow: Particles below 2.5 micrometres to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

isopropanol (ipa_air)

Actual IPA release to ordinary unspecified air only; captured, recovered, retained and wastewater IPA cannot be counted as air.

• Selected flow: isopropanol fe0acd60-3ddc-11dd-a843-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

Process: Configuration assembly and factory filling (assembly)

Inputs

Product flows

Complete diesel engine module (engine)

Actual diesel configuration only; engine, cooling and aftertreatment boundaries declared.

• Selected flow: Complete diesel engine module
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: cat-track-loaders

Complete loader transmission (transmission)

Actual mechanical or hydrostatic supply interface; no raw steel double counting.

• Selected flow: Complete loader transmission
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader drive axle (axle)

Actual wheeled configuration, one axle per atomic exchange identity; construction and brakes declared.

• Selected flow: Complete loader drive axle
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader hydraulic pump (pump)

Actual pump supply; displacement and drive interface required.

• Selected flow: Complete loader hydraulic pump
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader hydraulic cylinder (cylinder)

Actual steering, lift or tilt cylinder type separately identified; bought complete cylinder is not cylinder-part stock.

• Selected flow: Complete loader hydraulic cylinder
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Hydraulic hose assembly (hose)

Actual pressure-rated hose construction and termination, measured installed quantity.

• Selected flow: Hydraulic hose assembly
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Loader pneumatic tyre (tyre)

Wheeled configuration only; tyre construction, size and complete bought state declared.

• Selected flow: Loader pneumatic tyre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader crawler undercarriage (track)

Tracked configuration only; track chains, shoes and rollers embedded once in bought complete module.

• Selected flow: Complete loader crawler undercarriage
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: cat-track-loaders

Complete loader operator cab (cab)

Declare glazing, seating, protective structure and HVAC contents; separately count fills not included in supplier dataset.

• Selected flow: Complete loader operator cab
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete front-loader bucket (bucket)

Only supplied external bucket; exclude if fabricated in fabrication inputs already; declare teeth, edge and coupler inclusion.

• Selected flow: Complete front-loader bucket
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete LFP traction battery pack (battery)

Actual LFP electric architecture only; chemistry, thermal system and pack enclosure declared. Other chemistry requires separate atomic rows.

• Selected flow: Complete LFP traction battery pack
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader traction motor (motor)

Electric configuration only; actual AC/DC architecture and complete supplied drive interface required.

• Selected flow: Complete loader traction motor
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Complete loader traction inverter (inverter)

Actual electric architecture only; voltage and included electronics declared.

• Selected flow: Complete loader traction inverter
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Loader vehicle wiring harness (wire)

Actual complete harness construction; power cable cannot substitute for all signal wiring.

• Selected flow: Loader vehicle wiring harness
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Lead-acid auxiliary battery (aux_battery)

Only actual lead-acid auxiliary architecture; record separate identity from traction battery.

• Selected flow: Lead-acid auxiliary battery
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Hydraulic Fluid (hydraulic_oil)

Actual separately supplied matching hydraulic fluid; declare grade and net retained factory fill.

• Selected flow: Hydraulic Fluid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Lubricating oil (lubricating_oil)

Actual gearbox, axle or engine oil grade; separately identify different grades rather than combine them.

• Selected flow: Lubricating oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Lubricating grease (grease)

Actual grease supplied outside complete modules; issued, recovered and retained masses separate.

• Selected flow: Lubricating grease
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Engine cooling liquid (coolant)

Only actual engine or battery thermal-loop formulation; distinguish concentrate and premixed supply.

• Selected flow: Engine cooling liquid
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Nitrogen charging gas (nitrogen)

Only actual separately charged brake accumulator; pressure, temperature and purity required.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen charging gas
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Diesel exhaust fluid aqueous urea solution (urea)

Only actual SCR equipped diesel machine; exact solution concentration and factory retained/consumed quantities separately measured.

• Selected flow: Diesel exhaust fluid aqueous urea solution
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: cat-track-loaders

Refrigerant R134a (r134a)

Only nameplate-confirmed R134a HVAC; actual retained fill and loss, not catalogue charge.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant R134a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Refrigerant R1234yf (r1234yf)

Only actual R1234yf HVAC nameplate; never substitute R134a identity.

• Selected flow: Refrigerant R1234yf
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

Outputs

Process: Acceptance test and dispatch (test_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Diesel fuel (diesel)

Diesel flow leaves grade, formulation, density, heating value, refinery and provider unspecified; collect those actual qualifiers independently. Diesel route only: separate test consumption, recoverable return and delivered tank fill; no operating-service fuel default.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: cat-track-loaders

Alternating current (test_electricity)

Matching CN below-1kV electricity only; include charging and acceptance-test meter, initial/final battery stored energy and export separately.

• Selected flow: Alternating current 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / MJ
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: volvo-l120-electric

Wooden load board (wood)

Only actual dispatch support for loose accessories or parts; complete loader may ship without a pallet. Packaging is excluded from accepted net machine mass.

• Selected flow: Pallets, box pallets and other load boards, of wood, pallet collars of wood 4b49871e-95be-4e0c-9223-9902f9eaa763
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) (pe_film)

Only actual PE-LD non-self-adhesive noncellular nonreinforced nonlaminated unsupported foil; no arbitrary plastic film.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene foil (PE-LD) 2cecd3a7-d90e-44b4-aec5-1d9dfb907477
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

Outputs

Product flows

Front-end shovel loaders, self-propelled (loader)

One accepted complete configured self-propelled front-end loader; declare supplied bucket, accessories and retained fills; exclude transport packaging and test load.

• Selected flow: Front-end shovel loaders, self-propelled 2282e30c-6b3c-478d-98ce-3f74677c00b5
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mass
• Sources: un-cpc-2025

Waste flows

Used hydraulic oil (oil_waste)

Actual drained test or rejected-machine oil, condition and receiver treatment required.

• Selected flow: Used hydraulic oil
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Rejected complete loader for dismantling (rejected_machine)

Only irrecoverable complete reject transferred outside site; kept separate from accepted output denominator and repair loops.

• Selected flow: Rejected complete loader for dismantling
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory
• Sources: jrc-metal-2020

Elementary flows

carbon dioxide (fossil) (co2)

Only measured fossil carbon combustion emission to ordinary unspecified air; no supplier upstream boiler emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

carbon monoxide (fossil) (co)

Actual species-specific post-control test exhaust and independently assessed fugitive release to ordinary air; not carbon closure residual.

• Selected flow: carbon monoxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-924e-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

Nitrogen dioxide to air (no2)

Actual molecular NO2 measurement only; NOx as NO2-equivalent is not this molecular identity.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen dioxide to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Apply normalize_mass to q_item; reference_mass; cp_inventory.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg reference flow; collected per one accepted finished machine
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_inventory

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Rule	source_ids
actual_attribution	First separate configuration and process meters/records; allocate only actual common-period unassigned residual services using a documented causal driver. Include attributable scrap, reject, repair and repeated test burdens in accepted production; do not allocate them away as usable co-products. Record scrap recipient and treatment; no automatic avoided-production credit.	jrc-metal-2020

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_mass	test_dispatch	reference product	weighing	model; configuration; serial number; accepted net mass M	Weigh the accepted complete machine on a calibrated scale, excluding transport packaging; reconcile the same configuration and acceptance record.	kg	Each accepted serial	Same production period	Declared factory	accepted net mass per machine	Calibration; serial-linked acceptance; supplied-content list
cp_inventory	all	atomic exchanges	foreground records	row identity; issued/returned amount; stocks; meters; Naccepted; reject/rework/test logs; native unit; assay; receiver	Measure actual atomic exchanges by calibrated scales/meters and traceable invoices, supplier interfaces and test logs; record each absent route as not_applicable with evidence; unknown is not zero.	kg; MJ	Each batch and test	Same production period	Declared factory	attributable exchange / accepted machines	Calibration; supplier scope; bills; stock and test reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_mass	all inventory rows	q_ref = q_item / M; q_item = exchange amount per one accepted finished machine; q_ref = exchange amount per 1 kg reference flow.	q_item; M; cp_mass; cp_inventory	q_ref

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
same_period	all inventory rows	Use one configuration and period: Qattr includes its attributable reject/rework/test burden, Naccepted counts complete accepted loaders, Dnet sums calibrated accepted net masses, M=Dnet/Naccepted, q_item=Qattr/Naccepted and q_ref=Qattr/Dnet. Exclude transport packaging, reject mass and consumed test-load material from Dnet. Keep distinct configurations separate or disclose justified weighting.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
bom_completeness	all inventory rows	Reconcile actual serial-linked BOM and supplied configuration: frame/arms, bucket and coupler, traction/steering/brakes, wheels or crawler, operator protection/cab, hydraulics and controls, engine/cooling/aftertreatment or battery/motor/inverter/thermal system, auxiliary power, fasteners, fills and delivered accessories. Every additionally present grade, module, coating component, fuel, gas, packing or waste requires its own atomic row and qualified identity. No example list is a universal recipe.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
element_balance	all inventory rows	Each physical element balance uses each stream measured gross mass multiplied by its own composition/assay, moisture and wet/dry basis, with stocks, reactions, retained content and returns. Gross alloy, contaminated swarf or sludge is not contained Fe or C. Cancel paired internal transfers. Independently reconcile bought-module contents with actual net mass without expanding supplier burdens twice.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
water_balance	all inventory rows	Each inlet, coolant/solution, wet sludge and discharge has its own water fraction and measured/documented density at actual temperature; reconcile retention, evaporation, reaction water, return and stock. Count gross water returns once.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
solvent_fate	all inventory rows	Species-specific solvent input equals actual retained, recovered, captured, destroyed, wastewater/media, air and stock-change fates with uncertainty. Capture is not destruction; unexplained residual is never assigned to air. Use post-control measured species concentration and matched gas flow in the same period/state with actual unit corrections and independent fugitive evidence. Carbon closure cannot derive CO or NOx.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
utility_balance	all inventory rows	Reconcile common-period purchased electricity plus actual onsite generation minus exports and storage change against fabrication, assembly, test and dispatch meters. Shared services are only unassigned residual; investigate negative residuals and uncertainty without clipping. Thermal net input is supply mass times its own specific enthalpy minus independently measured return mass times its own specific enthalpy on one datum. Deduct gross return once; already-net supply is not reduced twice. Physical steam/return mass is separate from heat.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
test_accounting	all inventory rows	Collect actual acceptance test duration/load, fuel, charging, oil/coolant and leaks; include failed tests and repairs. Initial/final delivered fuel and battery state are stocks, not assumed consumption. Actual battery cooling/heating is distinct from motor/transmission cooling. Catalogue operating weight, tank capacity, battery rating, productivity, fuel savings and refrigerant service charge do not prescribe factory mass, energy, recipes or emissions.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records
identity_gaps	all inventory rows	Unresolved identities remain explicit candidate gaps. Before dataset use, verify each actual supply or release type, chemistry, supplied state, class, reference property/unit, provider/geography and elementary compartment; reject conflicting identities. Missing data is unknown, absent route is evidenced not_applicable, and measured zero is a separate recorded fact.	cp_mass; cp_inventory; actual supplier, stock, test, measurement and receiver records

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Rule	source_ids
complete_reference	Require complete accepted machine identity, declared configuration and calibrated net M with explicit per-item to per-kg relationship in both languages. Reject a component, one model proxy, packed weight or downstream performance as the reference.	un-cpc-2025
inventory_closure	Verify all present routes and atomic exchanges, make/buy cancellation, reject/test attribution, material/water/solvent/utility reconciliation, native-unit conversions and evidence. Report performed and skipped checks, errors and unresolved coverage; no gap may silently pass as zero.	jrc-metal-2020; volvo-l120-electric; cat-track-loaders

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground_dataset
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Configuration-qualified factory production dataset for compatible process or lifecyclemodel projection.
excluded_use	Unqualified universal loader recipe, comparative lifetime loading service, operating-fuel benchmark, or candidate identity treated as reviewed truth.
required_metadata	Configuration; geography; period; net mass; actual interfaces; supplied state; production/test boundary; upstream identities.
required_quality_disclosure	Missing identities and measurements; assumptions; uncertainty; exclusions; allocation; reconciliation and native conversion evidence.
update_trigger	Changed principal function, power architecture, chemistry, supplier boundary, make/buy route, test protocol or evidence.

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, pp. 234–235. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	Full complete-loader scope, excavator and part neighbours; no BOM quantities.
volvo-l120-electric	handbook	Volvo Construction Equipment, Product Guide L120 Electric, document 22-20064945-A, pp. 4–5, 8–9; undated manufacturer edition. https://www.volvoce.com/-/media/aprimo/pdf/electric-large-wheel-loaders/l120-electric-c2/product-guide-l120-electric-en-22-20064945-a.pdf?v=R9J1Pw	Actual wheel-loader electric, drivetrain, hydraulic, cab/fill and equipment architecture; model specifications are not production defaults.
cat-track-loaders	handbook	Caterpillar, Cat Track Loaders 953 - 963 - 973, ©2023, pp. 14–15; manufacturer document retained by authorised dealer Gmmco. https://api.gmmco.in/uploads/CM_20231025_a9814_5f435_944b5263ce.pdf	Crawler/diesel and actual conditional aftertreatment, bucket and operator-protection architecture; no catalogue inventory factors.
jrc-metal-2020	literature	European Commission JRC, Best Environmental Management Practice in the Fabricated Metal Products sector, EUR 30025 EN, 2020, DOI 10.2760/894966, printed pp. 26, 121. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC119281/jrc119281_jrc_bemp_fabricated_metal_product_manufacturing_report.pdf	Conditional metal fabrication, welding, coating and source-control processes; industry practices do not establish one loader factory recipe.