Fixed media storage units

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to finished, fixed-media data storage units placed on the market for installation in automatic data processing equipment, enterprise systems, or data centres. It covers hard disk drives (HDDs); assembled fixed solid-state drives or flash storage units in which the non-volatile medium, controller, and read/write interface form one delivered storage unit; hybrid HDD/solid-state units; and populated storage arrays or enclosures delivered as one fixed-media storage product with their included drives, controllers, backplanes, power supplies, cooling devices, embedded network elements, firmware, and internal connections.

The foreground data package ends at the manufacturer's gate after route-specific device manufacture or procurement, mechanical and electronic assembly, populated-array or enclosure integration when applicable, firmware loading, configuration, functional and power testing, quality release, and packaging. A dataset shall distinguish standalone HDD, standalone fixed SSD or flash unit, hybrid device, and populated array or enclosure delivery. It shall declare capacity, interface, medium, controller, redundancy, drive count, power-supply and cooling configuration, manufacturing route, firmware or configuration state, and measured power characteristics.

Bare semiconductor dies or packaged NAND components; flash memory cards or other single solid-state media classified as CPC 47550; removable disks, tapes, optical media and their drives; empty unpopulated enclosures; external storage area network infrastructure; computer servers; removable consumer storage products; and data-centre building, cooling, uninterruptible-power, network, installation, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life stages are excluded. An assembled fixed SSD is included only as a complete read/write storage unit; evidence for a bare chip, package, card, or other CPC 47550 medium shall never be extrapolated to the whole CPC 45271 leaf.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.office-accounting-and-computing-machinery.fixed-media-storage-units
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 45271, exact mapping context
covered_products	HDDs; assembled fixed SSD or flash storage units with controller and interface; hybrid fixed-media drives; populated arrays or enclosures delivered with included drives, controllers, internal interconnects, power supplies, cooling, firmware, and declared redundancy
excluded_products	Bare dies and packaged memory components; flash cards and single solid-state media under CPC 47550; removable magnetic, tape, optical, or flash media and their removable-media drives; empty enclosures; external SAN infrastructure; computer servers; consumer removable storage; use and end-of-life services
representative_product	A tested, saleable fixed-media storage unit at the manufacturer gate in one declared delivery configuration: standalone HDD, standalone fixed SSD or flash unit, hybrid drive, or populated array or enclosure
production_route	Route-specific media and electronic component supply; HDD or fixed-SSD device manufacture or purchased-device qualification; populated array or enclosure integration when applicable; firmware loading; configuration; functional and power testing; quality release; packaging
market_state	Finished and packaged at the manufacturer gate, with declared raw and usable capacity, interface, medium, controller, redundancy, drive count, power supplies, cooling, firmware, manufacturing route, and tested power state

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A finished fixed-media storage unit capable of non-volatile data storage and read/write access in its declared delivery configuration
How much	1 kg net finished storage unit at the manufacturer gate, excluding detachable transport packaging
How well	Passes the declared functional, capacity, interface, firmware, data-protection, redundancy, safety, quality, and power tests for the exact delivered model and configuration
How long or cycle	One completed production lot ending at manufacturer-gate release; the represented production period and any burn-in duration are declared; service life is not implied
reference_flow_link	The reference flow is the released output of final_configuration_test_packaging, normalized to 1 kg net finished storage unit

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Fixed media storage units ba7ecdd7-4b59-4793-b8a6-c65d7874eeb3
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	delivery configuration: standalone HDD, standalone fixed SSD or flash unit, hybrid device, or populated array or enclosure; manufacturer and model; form factor; medium technology; raw and formatted usable capacity with decimal or binary convention; interface and transfer protocol; controller model and count; drive count and per-drive capacity; cache; redundancy or data-protection configuration; included chassis, backplane, power supplies, fans and network elements; AC or DC input; active, ready-idle and supported deep-idle power with test configuration and workload; firmware and capacity-optimizing features; manufacturing route and site; production period; burn-in or test duration; net product mass and excluded packaging

When constructing a foreground data package, every applicable item in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference-flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete. Equal mass does not establish functional equivalence between different capacities, storage media, interfaces, controllers, redundancy levels, performance classes, or delivery configurations.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Final reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize inventory to 1 kg net finished unit. Include every component delivered as part of the configured storage unit, including installed drives, controller, chassis, backplane, internal cabling, power supplies, and cooling; exclude detachable transport packaging and record it separately.
capacity_declaration	Storage capacity	Digital information capacity	byte, MB or MiB, GB or GiB, TB or TiB	Declare raw addressable capacity and formatted usable capacity separately, identify decimal or binary prefixes, and disclose space reserved for parity, checksums, spares, remapping, cache, snapshots, and system use. Do not compare products using an undeclared capacity convention.
component_count_and_mass	Drives, controllers, power supplies, fans, boards, and other count-based components	Mass and number of items	kg and item	Record component count and measured or supplier-specific mass for the same bill of materials. Do not apply a generic count-to-mass factor across models or routes.
power_state_measurement	Active, ready-idle, and supported deep-idle states	Power	W	Measure input power for the complete declared unit and configuration. Record input voltage and frequency, AC or DC supply, PSU count and redundancy, installed drives and controllers, firmware, ambient conditions, workload, averaging period, meter accuracy, and whether power-saving features are enabled.
test_energy_calculation	Burn-in, conditioning, functional testing, and power testing	Energy	kWh	Calculate test electricity from metered energy or from time-resolved power as kWh = sum(W × hours) / 1000. Keep factory test electricity separate from reported product operating-power attributes.
energy_carrier_preservation	Manufacturing electricity, fuels, heat, and supplied cooling	Energy or carrier-specific property	kWh or MJ; native fuel unit retained	Preserve quantities by carrier and site. Convert 1 kWh to 3.6 MJ only when needed and do not merge electricity, heat, fuel, or supplied cooling into one undifferentiated amount.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Route-specific purchased media, semiconductor and electronic components, mechanical parts, subassemblies, or complete fixed-media devices as received at the reporting manufacturer's boundary
starting_condition_role	Upstream product inputs entering device manufacture, same-category device supply, or populated array and enclosure integration
product_classification_scope	Finished fixed-media storage units within the semantic boundary of CPC 3.0 code 45271; CPC is mapping context and does not authorize inclusion of CPC 47550 bare or single solid-state media
recursive_input_rule	A purchased HDD, assembled fixed SSD, or other complete fixed-media unit used in a populated array or enclosure is recorded once as a same-category upstream product input. Do not recursively reconstruct its manufacture inside the integrator process when an upstream dataset already carries those burdens.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Use supplier-specific or representative upstream datasets for storage media, semiconductor packages, controllers, printed circuit boards, motors, heads, platters, enclosures, power supplies, cooling, cables, packaging, chemicals, utilities, and purchased fixed-media devices; disclose proxies and geography, technology, capacity, and date mismatches.
disclosure	Declare delivery configuration, system boundary, device-manufacture versus purchased-device route, HDD or SSD or hybrid medium, capacity convention, interface, controller and redundancy, included hardware and firmware, manufacturing and integration sites, burn-in and power-test conditions, excluded infrastructure and downstream stages, and same-category inputs handled by the recursive rule.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_complete_delivered_unit	All datasets	Include every component and subsystem integral to the delivered storage-unit architecture. For populated arrays or enclosures include installed drives, controllers, backplanes, internal network elements, chassis, power supplies, fans, cables, firmware, and integration; exclude external SAN and data-centre infrastructure.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign
boundary_route_distinction	HDD, fixed SSD, hybrid, and array or enclosure routes	Keep HDD media, head, motor and enclosure manufacture distinct from fixed-SSD NAND package, controller, board and enclosure manufacture. Keep purchased-drive array integration distinct from in-house drive manufacture and prevent double counting through the recursive input rule.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016
boundary_foreground_operations	Reporting manufacturer	Include route-specific assembly, cleaning, joining, firmware loading, formatting, configuration, functional testing, burn-in, power testing, quality release, internal handling, manufacturing utilities, process wastes, wastewater, direct emissions, and packaging when performed by or for the reporting manufacturer.	eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign; seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016
boundary_power_attribute_only	Product power data	Record active, ready-idle, and supported deep-idle power as mandatory product attributes under the declared configuration and test. Do not add customer use-phase electricity, data-centre cooling, UPS, or external network energy to the manufacturer-gate foreground inventory.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign
boundary_exclusions	Out-of-scope products and stages	Exclude bare chips and packages, flash cards and single CPC 47550 media, removable-media products, empty enclosures, servers, external SAN equipment, installation, operation, maintenance, refurbishment, and end-of-life unless an expanded study reports them separately without changing this producer-gate result.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
fixed_media_device_supply	Fixed-media device manufacture or purchased-device supply	required	Always required; select in-house HDD, in-house fixed-SSD or hybrid manufacture, purchased complete-device supply, or a disclosed combination	Establish route-specific fixed-media devices and prevent double counting of purchased same-category units	Qualified fixed-media device set entering final release or system integration
array_enclosure_integration	Populated array or enclosure integration	conditional	Required only when the delivered reference product includes multiple drives, a controller, chassis or enclosure, backplane, power supplies, cooling, internal network elements, or configured redundancy	Integrate qualified drives and system hardware into the declared delivery configuration	Integrated storage unit entering final configuration and testing
final_configuration_test_packaging	Final configuration, testing, quality release, and packaging	required	Always required	Load firmware, configure capacity and redundancy, conduct functional, burn-in and power tests, release quality, measure net mass, and package the product	1 kg net finished fixed-media storage unit at the manufacturer gate

Process: Fixed-media device manufacture or purchased-device supply (fixed_media_device_supply)

Inputs

Product flows

Route-specific storage media and electronic components (media_electronics_components)

Record components entering in-house device manufacture. For HDD routes this includes declared platters, heads, spindle motor, magnets, controller electronics and boards; for fixed SSD routes it includes assembled NAND packages, controller, memory, printed circuit board and interface components. Bare memory evidence does not represent the finished storage unit.

• Selected flow: Route-specific storage media and electronic components; select verified Tiangong product flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; component count retained
• Amount rule: Measured receiving, bill-of-materials, and production-issue quantities by component, supplier, model, and route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_components_bom
• Sources: seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016

Mechanical parts, enclosure, and joining materials (mechanical_enclosure_inputs)

Record route-specific housings, covers, bases, fasteners, seals, adhesives, internal cables, connectors, thermal materials, labels, and other mechanical inputs used in a standalone device.

• Selected flow: Mechanical and enclosure inputs; select material- and geography-specific Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured bill-of-materials and production-issue mass by material and part
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_components_bom
• Sources: seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016

Purchased complete fixed-media devices (purchased_fixed_media_devices)

Record purchased HDDs, assembled fixed SSDs, or hybrid drives when the reporting site qualifies or integrates complete devices rather than manufacturing them. Link each input to an upstream dataset and apply the recursive input rule.

• Selected flow: Fixed media storage units ba7ecdd7-4b59-4793-b8a6-c65d7874eeb3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured received net mass and count by supplier, model, medium, capacity, interface, and destination configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_components_bom
• Sources: epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022

Device-manufacturing utilities and process materials (device_process_inputs)

Record electricity, fuel, heat, supplied cooling, water, cleaning agents, process chemicals, gases, lubricants and other consumables actually used for in-house component preparation, assembly, cleaning, joining and device testing.

• Selected flow: Route- and site-specific utilities and process materials; select verified Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Carrier- or material-specific property / kWh, MJ, m3, kg, or native unit
• Amount rule: Metered use or reconciled purchase and stock records assigned to the represented route and production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities_process_materials

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Qualified fixed-media device set (qualified_device_set)

Record the measured net output mass and count of qualified standalone devices transferred to final release or to array and enclosure integration, retaining medium, capacity, interface, controller, and route identity.

• Selected flow: Qualified fixed-media devices; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; item count retained
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass and count for the same production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per fixed-media device supply lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_quality

Waste flows

Device-manufacturing rejects and wastes (device_rejects_waste)

Record rejected components, defective devices, metal, glass, electronic, chemical and packaging wastes gross by type and destination; do not net recycling proceeds or recovered material against inputs.

• Selected flow: Route-specific manufacturing waste; select verified Tiangong waste flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or documented gross waste by source lot, waste type, treatment, and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions

Elementary flows

Direct device-manufacturing emissions and discharges (device_direct_emissions)

Record measured direct air emissions, wastewater substances, and other elementary flows from in-house manufacture by substance and compartment. Do not infer emissions solely from purchased-material quantities.

• Selected flow: Substance- and compartment-specific elementary flows; select verified Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured release or calculated value from matched flow and concentration records under calc_discharge_emission
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per qualified fixed-media device set
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions

Process: Populated array or enclosure integration (array_enclosure_integration)

Inputs

Product flows

Qualified or purchased fixed-media devices (integration_device_inputs)

Record the exact drive count, mass, medium, model, capacity, interface and upstream dataset for devices installed in the delivered array or enclosure.

• Selected flow: Fixed media storage units ba7ecdd7-4b59-4793-b8a6-c65d7874eeb3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measured installed net mass and count from configuration and bill-of-materials records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integration_configuration
• Sources: epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign

Controller, chassis, power, cooling, and interconnect hardware (integration_system_hardware)

Record included storage controllers, cache, boards, backplanes, chassis, power supplies, fans, internal network elements, cables, fasteners, thermal materials and firmware-bearing hardware by exact configuration.

• Selected flow: Configuration-specific system hardware; select verified Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg; item count retained
• Amount rule: Measured bill-of-materials mass and count for the delivered configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_integration_configuration
• Sources: epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign

Integration electricity and consumables (integration_inputs)

Record metered or reconciled electricity, cleaning agents, joining materials and other consumables for mechanical and electrical integration.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and integration consumables; select verified Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Energy or material-specific property / kWh or kg
• Amount rule: Metered or reconciled use assigned to the integration lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_utilities_process_materials

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Integrated storage unit (integrated_storage_unit)

Record the integrated unit transferred to final configuration and testing, with all installed hardware, firmware, capacity, controller, power-supply, cooling and redundancy configuration retained.

• Selected flow: Integrated fixed-media storage unit; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured transfer mass and count by exact configuration
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per array or enclosure integration lot
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_quality

Waste flows

Integration rejects and waste (integration_rejects_waste)

Record rejected hardware, replaced parts, cut-offs, electronic waste and other integration waste gross by type and destination.

• Selected flow: Configuration-specific integration waste; select verified Tiangong waste flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or documented gross waste by lot and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per integrated storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions

Elementary flows

Process: Final configuration, testing, quality release, and packaging (final_configuration_test_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Device or integrated unit entering final release (final_unit_input)

Record the qualified standalone device or integrated storage unit entering firmware loading, final configuration, testing, release, mass measurement and packaging.

• Selected flow: Fixed-media device or integrated storage unit; internal product flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measured input mass and count reconciled to the same release lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per released fixed-media storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_output_quality

Test electricity and release consumables (test_release_inputs)

Record electricity for conditioning, formatting, firmware loading, functional tests, burn-in and power tests, plus consumables used for final quality release.

• Selected flow: Site-specific electricity and release consumables; select verified Tiangong flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Energy or material-specific property / kWh or kg
• Amount rule: Metered electricity or time-resolved power calculated under calc_test_energy, plus measured consumable issues
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per released fixed-media storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_power_functional_test
• Sources: epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022

Product and transport packaging (product_packaging)

Record cartons, cushioning, films, bags, pallets, labels, manuals and other packaging separately from net reference product mass.

• Selected flow: Material-specific packaging; select verified Tiangong product flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Verified mass per packaging article multiplied by issued count, reconciled to the release lot
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per released fixed-media storage unit
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources: seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016

Waste flows

Outputs

Product flows

Released fixed-media storage unit (reference_product)

Record the net finished mass and count of units passing declared capacity, interface, firmware, functional, data-protection, redundancy, safety, quality and power tests at the manufacturer gate.

• Selected flow: Fixed media storage units ba7ecdd7-4b59-4793-b8a6-c65d7874eeb3
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Exactly 1 kg net released fixed-media storage unit, derived from measured release-lot mass excluding detachable packaging
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Not applicable (not_applicable)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

Waste flows

Final-test rejects and packaging waste (final_rejects_waste)

Record failed units, replaced parts, test consumables and packaging waste gross by type, cause, rework status and destination.

• Selected flow: Test- and packaging-specific waste; select verified Tiangong waste flows during dataset construction
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weighed or documented gross waste and rejects from the release lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_emissions

Elementary flows

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	Shared lines, equipment, utilities, tests, and sites	Subdivide by product route, model, lot, process, and site and use direct meters, bills of materials, production issues, equipment logs, or test records before allocation. Keep HDD, fixed SSD, hybrid, and array or enclosure routes separate where records permit.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_causal_driver	Unmetered shared burdens	When subdivision is not feasible, use the closest documented causal driver, such as machine time, test-bay time, measured power-time, clean-room area-time, line throughput, component count, or processed mass. Report shares and confirm that they sum to one.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_multi_model_output	Multiple saleable models or configurations	Prefer lot- or model-specific records. If a shared burden cannot be physically separated, allocate using a demonstrated physical relation; use economic allocation only when no defensible physical relation exists and disclose price basis, period, currency, shares, and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_rejects_rework	Rejected units, rework, recovered parts, and scrap	Assign rework and reject burdens to the process and model that caused them. Treat outputs without an intended product function or revenue as waste and do not silently net recycling revenue, recovered material, or avoided burdens against gross inputs.	eu-pef-2021-2279
allocation_same_category_inputs	Purchased fixed-media devices installed in arrays or enclosures	Carry the upstream dataset once for each purchased complete device and add only the integrator's foreground burdens. Do not re-add device-manufacturing burdens already represented upstream.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_components_bom	fixed_media_device_supply	Storage media, electronics, mechanical parts, enclosure, and purchased devices	Approved bill of materials, supplier receipt, production issue, and return record	part number; supplier; material or component description; HDD or SSD route; capacity; interface; controller; quantity; measured or supplier mass; opening stock; receipts; returns; closing stock; destination lot; upstream dataset	Reconcile approved bill of materials and stock movement to issued and returned quantities for each homogeneous lot	kg; item	Every bill-of-material revision and production lot	Full represented production period	All receiving and device-manufacturing sites in scope	Sum by part, supplier, route and lot; keep purchased complete devices separate from components	Approved BOM, supplier specification, receiving record, scale record, stock reconciliation, and upstream dataset link
cp_utilities_process_materials	fixed_media_device_supply; array_enclosure_integration	Electricity, fuel, heat, cooling, water, chemicals, gases, lubricants, cleaning and joining materials	Meter, invoice, stock, batch, equipment, and line log	carrier or material; quantity; unit; meter interval; equipment; line; route; lot; operating time; production output; allocation driver	Use dedicated meters and batch issues first; otherwise reconcile site totals and document a causal allocation	kWh; MJ; m3; kg; native carrier unit	Meter interval and every material issue; reconcile at least monthly	Full represented production period	All included production and integration sites	Preserve carriers and materials; sum by process, route and lot; report allocation shares	Meter calibration, invoice, stock balance, batch sheet, equipment log, and allocation workbook
cp_integration_configuration	array_enclosure_integration	Installed drives, controller, chassis, backplane, power supplies, cooling, cables, network elements, firmware, and redundancy	Configuration BOM, assembly traveller, firmware and test configuration record	SKU; installed drive model and count; per-drive capacity; controller model and count; cache; backplane; chassis; PSU model, count and redundancy; fan count; internal network elements; cables; firmware; RAID or data-protection mode; mass; serials	Reconcile configuration BOM, serial scan, assembly and test records for each unit or homogeneous lot	kg; item; byte	Every integrated unit or homogeneous configuration lot	Full represented production period	All included integration sites	Aggregate only identical configurations; preserve component counts and capacity conventions	Approved configuration, serial record, scale result, firmware record, assembly sign-off, and test report
cp_power_functional_test	final_configuration_test_packaging	Functional, capacity, burn-in, active, ready-idle, and deep-idle testing	Automated test log, calibrated power-meter file, test-bay meter, and release record	model; serial or lot; installed configuration; firmware; capacity result and convention; interface; workload; input voltage and frequency; PSU count and mode; ambient temperature; power samples; averaging period; active, ready-idle and deep-idle power; test duration; defects; disposition	Use calibrated true-RMS power measurement or dedicated test-bay metering; link all results to the exact tested configuration	W; kWh; hour; byte	Every released configuration; sampling only with declared plan and coverage	Full represented production period and complete burn-in or test cycle	All final-test and burn-in areas	Calculate configuration-specific averages; sum test energy separately; do not merge product power attributes with factory energy	Calibration certificate, raw time series, test method, configuration export, release sign-off, and sampling plan
cp_output_quality	all processes	Internal transfers, released product mass, count, capacity, configuration, quality, and yield	Transfer, scale, serial, test, release, and packing record	input mass; output mass; unit count; serials; model; configuration; raw and usable capacity; passed tests; rejects; rework; stock change; packaging mass; date	Weigh and reconcile the same lot or unit boundary and link to test and configuration records	kg; item; byte	Every production and release lot	Full represented production period	All included production, integration, test, and release sites	Sum only homogeneous products; calculate yields and residuals by process and lot	Calibrated scale, serial genealogy, transfer record, release report, and mass-balance review
cp_packaging	final_configuration_test_packaging	Product and transport packaging	Packaging BOM, supplier specification, sample weighing, issue and return record	article; material; supplier; mass per item; item count; recycled content; reusable trips; returns; losses; destination lot	Weigh representative articles and reconcile issued, returned, and scrapped counts	kg; item; trip	Every packaging specification and release lot	Full represented production period	All packaging and dispatch points in scope	Multiply verified mass per article by net issued count; divide reusable packaging only by documented completed trips	Supplier specification, sample weighing, packaging BOM, stock reconciliation, and return log
cp_waste_emissions	all processes	Rejects, scrap, wastewater, direct emissions, treatment, and destination	Waste ticket, scale, treatment log, discharge meter, laboratory sample, and emission record	process; lot; waste or substance identity; gross mass or volume; compartment; concentration; treatment; destination; recovery; date; calculation method	Weigh waste transfers; meter discharges; pair samples with matching flows and operating states; retain gross quantities	kg; m3; kg substance	Every transfer or treatment batch; sampling at declared frequency	Full represented production period	All included waste, discharge, and direct-emission points	Sum gross outputs by type, process, compartment and destination; never net credits against inputs	Scale ticket, licensed transfer record, treatment certificate, meter data, laboratory result, and mass or water balance

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_mass	Released reference product	Net reference mass = gross packed shipment mass - detachable product and transport packaging mass. Include all installed components integral to the delivered configuration.	cp_output_quality; cp_packaging	kg net finished storage unit	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
calc_inventory_normalization	Every inventory row	Normalized amount = gross amount assigned to the homogeneous product, lot, route, or configuration / net released reference mass from the same represented boundary.	Applicable collection protocol; cp_output_quality	amount per kg reference product
calc_test_energy	Conditioning, burn-in and test electricity	Test electricity = metered kWh or sum of time-resolved input power in W multiplied by interval hours and divided by 1000. Preserve the tested configuration, meter uncertainty, and test duration.	cp_power_functional_test	kWh per released unit and kWh/kg reference product	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
calc_power_state	Product power attributes	For each declared state and workload, report the arithmetic or time-weighted mean of valid input-power samples over the declared stable averaging period; retain configuration and uncertainty. Do not convert W to kWh without a declared scenario duration.	cp_power_functional_test	W by state, workload, and configuration	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
calc_mass_balance	Each manufacturing, integration, and release lot	Reconcile opening stock + received inputs = transferred or released products + rejects + waste + closing stock + documented residual, using consistent product and packaging boundaries.	cp_components_bom; cp_integration_configuration; cp_output_quality; cp_packaging; cp_waste_emissions	kg and residual percentage by process and lot
calc_discharge_emission	Measured wastewater or air substances	Emitted mass = matched discharge or exhaust flow × representative measured concentration after unit conversion. Do not apply a sample from another route or operating state without representativeness evidence.	cp_waste_emissions	kg substance by compartment
calc_shared_burden	Unmetered shared operations	Allocated amount = gross shared amount × declared causal share. Shares must use the hierarchy in Section 7 and sum to one for the shared amount.	Applicable collection protocol; production, machine, time, area, throughput, or price records	Allocated amount and allocation share	eu-pef-2021-2279

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity_configuration	Product and reference flow	Every result shall identify delivery configuration, model, medium, raw and usable capacity convention, interface, controller, drive count, redundancy, included hardware, firmware, manufacturing route, site, power configuration, and net-mass boundary.	Approved specification, configuration BOM, serial genealogy, firmware export, test report, and scale record
dq_measurement	Mass, count, capacity, utilities, power, test energy, wastes, and emissions	Use calibrated or verified instruments suitable for the measured range. Retain raw readings, conversions, sampling design, allocation, uncertainty where available, and reconciliation residuals.	Calibration certificate, raw meter file, scale check, test method, sample plan, and calculation workbook
dq_temporal	Foreground inventory	Cover the complete represented production and test cycles for every route and configuration. Continuous operations shall use a representative period of at least 12 months or disclose and justify a shorter campaign, start-up, or product-launch period.	Dated production, meter, purchase, stock, test, waste, release, and sales records
dq_completeness	Foreground boundary	Include all applicable processes and material storage media, electronics, mechanical parts, same-category device inputs, system hardware, utilities, process materials, packaging, yields, rejects, wastewater, and direct emissions; quantify or justify every omission.	Process map, BOM reconciliation, mass and energy balances, omission register, and reviewer sign-off
dq_upstream_representativeness	Upstream datasets	Match medium technology, component type, capacity, model generation, interface, controller, geography, electricity system, supplier, and time as closely as available. Disclose each proxy and expected direction of bias.	Supplier data, upstream dataset metadata, technology comparison, and proxy assessment
dq_power_test_configuration	Product power attributes	Power values shall be traceable to the exact delivered or explicitly representative configuration, workload, active or idle state, input supply, firmware, power-saving settings, ambient conditions, averaging period, and calibrated meter.	Test configuration export, raw time series, calibration record, test report, and representativeness justification

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validation_product_scope	Product identity	Fail when the product is a bare chip or package, flash card or other single CPC 47550 medium, removable-media unit, empty enclosure, server, external SAN device, or another excluded product; fail when an assembled fixed SSD is not demonstrably a complete controller-and-interface read/write unit.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
validation_reference_identity	Reference flow	Fail when product flow UUID ba7ecdd7-4b59-4793-b8a6-c65d7874eeb3, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and kg are not used for the generic reference identity, or when the product classification does not resolve to CPC 3.0 45271.
validation_configuration	Required qualifiers	Fail when delivery configuration, medium, raw and usable capacity convention, interface, controller, drive count, redundancy, included hardware, firmware, manufacturing route, net mass, and power-test configuration are missing or internally inconsistent.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign
validation_process_coverage	Process inventory	Fail when fixed_media_device_supply or final_configuration_test_packaging is missing, when array_enclosure_integration applies but is omitted, or when in-house device manufacturing and purchased-device upstream burdens are double counted.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022; eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign
validation_mass_balance	Components, products, packaging, rejects, and waste	Fail when process and lot mass balances are not reconciled, when packaging is included in net reference-product mass, when installed integral components are excluded from it, or when recycling and treatment credits are silently netted.	seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016
validation_power	Product power and factory test energy	Fail when reported W lacks state, workload and exact configuration; when factory test energy and customer use-phase energy are mixed; or when W is converted to kWh without a declared duration.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
validation_capacity	Capacity and redundancy	Fail when raw and usable capacity are conflated, decimal and binary units are mixed without conversion, or parity, spares, checksums, cache, remapping, snapshots and system-reserved space materially affecting usable capacity are undisclosed.	epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022
validation_allocation	Shared and multi-output operations	Fail when subdivision was feasible but not attempted, the allocation driver lacks a causal or documented relationship, shares do not sum to one, or economic allocation lacks price basis, period, currency and sensitivity.	eu-pef-2021-2279
validation_no_media_extrapolation	Interpretation and comparison	Fail any use of bare NAND, packaged memory, flash-card, or other CPC 47550 evidence as a whole-product inventory for CPC 45271; fail claims that equal kg or equal nominal capacity alone establishes equivalence across HDD, SSD, hybrid, or array configurations.	unsd-cpc-3-2025; epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground manufacturer-gate data package for one homogeneous fixed-media storage-unit model, route, site, and delivery configuration
downstream_use	May be published after review as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset for equipment, enterprise-system, and data-centre product models and may support downstream process and lifecyclemodel projections
allowed_use	Product-footprint, supply-chain inventory, procurement, manufacturing-improvement, and background modelling where capacity, medium, interface, controller, redundancy, hardware, firmware, power, geography, technology, route, time, and mass qualifiers are representative
excluded_use	Bare-chip or CPC 47550 extrapolation; removable-media modelling; functional equivalence based only on kg or nominal capacity; use-phase electricity without a declared workload and duration; data-centre infrastructure claims; another model, route, capacity, redundancy level, or array configuration without representativeness evidence
required_metadata	PCR id and version; manufacturer and model; delivery configuration; HDD, fixed SSD, hybrid or array route; raw and usable capacity and unit convention; interface and protocol; controller; drive count; cache; redundancy and data-protection mode; included chassis, backplane, PSU, cooling and network elements; firmware; power states and test conditions; manufacturing and integration sites; reference period; net-mass and packaging boundary; allocation; upstream proxies; Tiangong identities
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share; temporal, geographic and technological representativeness; BOM and serial coverage; calibration and test evidence; mass and energy-balance residuals; power-test configuration and uncertainty; waste and emission completeness; allocation; supplier and upstream-data gaps; proxy limitations; unresolved route-specific quantitative evidence
update_trigger	Change in medium technology, model generation, capacity, interface, controller, drive count, redundancy, chassis, power supply, cooling, firmware, manufacturing route or site, supplier BOM, test procedure, power-management setting, allocation, packaging, upstream dataset, or Tiangong identity

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	CPC 45271 identity and exclusions; separation of fixed-media storage units from removable media and CPC 47550 single solid-state media
epa-energy-star-storage-2-1-2022	standard	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Data Center Storage, Eligibility Criteria Version 2.1, 19 January 2022, https://www.energystar.gov/sites/default/files/asset/document/ENERGY%20STAR%20Data%20Center%20Storage%20Version%202.1%20Final%20Specification_0.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Complete storage-product boundary, storage device and controller distinctions, HDD/SSD and array configurations, raw and usable capacity, redundancy, power states, test configuration, and reporting fields
eu-2019-424-storage-ecodesign	standard	European Commission, Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/424 of 15 March 2019 laying down ecodesign requirements for servers and data storage products, CELEX 32019R0424, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0424 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Data storage product architecture, HDD and SSD definitions, integral versus external infrastructure boundary, power supplies, resource efficiency, repairability and product-information requirements
eu-pef-2021-2279	official_guidance	European Commission, Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods, CELEX 32021H2279, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32021H2279 (retrieved 2026-08-09)	Allocation hierarchy: subdivision or system expansion first, then physical relationship, with other relationships only when necessary; data quality and disclosure design
seagate-enterprise-hdd-2016	dataset	Seagate Technology, Enterprise Performance 10K HDD Sustainability Report, DS1663.4-0911GB, March 2016, https://www.seagate.com/gb/en/global-citizenship/product-sustainability/enterprise-performance-10k-hdd-sustainability-report/ (retrieved 2026-08-09)	HDD bill-of-material grouping into enclosure, media, electronics, other parts and packaging; capacity-qualified product reporting; corroboration that component and packaging mass must remain configuration-specific