Parts for the goods of subclass 43141

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers gate-to-gate production of separately delivered parts made specifically for steam turbines and other vapour turbines. The declared boundary starts with a prepared material input and ends with an inspected, conforming part at the factory gate. The representative product is a machined, heat-treated alloy-steel part made from a prepared forged steel blank.

Complete turbines, parts for hydraulic, gas, wind, aircraft, or internal-combustion machines, generic shafts and bearings, installation, repair, remanufacturing, use, and end-of-life are excluded. Casting, forging, additive manufacture, joining, coating, and heat treatment are included only when performed inside the reporting facility; otherwise their received inputs or services require upstream datasets. Do not average materially different part designs, materials, routes, heat treatments, finishes, or sites.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.general-purpose-machinery.parts-for-the-goods-of-subclass-43141
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 43153, Parts for the goods of subclass 43141
covered_products	Separately delivered rotors, blades, casings, diaphragms, glands, nozzles, and other parts designed specifically for steam turbines or other vapour turbines and satisfying CPC 43153
excluded_products	Complete turbines; parts for hydraulic, gas, wind, aircraft, or internal-combustion machines; generic shafts, bearings, valves, controls, services, repaired parts, and remanufactured parts
representative_product	Machined and heat-treated alloy-steel steam-turbine part supplied as a conforming factory-gate product
production_route	Received prepared forged steel blank; machining; route-specific heat treatment; conditional aqueous cleaning, oxy-fuel work, or alkaline cleaning; inspection and release
market_state	Finished, conforming, separately delivered part at the factory gate, with protection and packaging boundary declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	A finished part providing its declared mechanical, flow-path, sealing, or structural function in a steam or other vapour turbine
How much	1 kg net mass of conforming part
How well	Meets the declared drawing, material grade, dimensional tolerances, heat-treatment condition, surface finish, and acceptance standard
How long or cycle	One manufacturing release at the factory gate; service life is outside this gate-to-gate reference
reference_flow_link	reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Finished steam-turbine part
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	part type and drawing; turbine application; material grade; received input form and preparation route; manufacturing technology; heat-treatment condition; surface treatment; net and gross mass; acceptance standard; site and geography; reference period; packaging boundary

When constructing a foreground data package, every required qualifier must be declared in metadata or an equivalent data-package field. Missing qualifiers make the reference flow incomplete.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and mass-balance flows	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize to 1 kg net conforming part; report packaging separately.
electricity_energy	purchased electricity	Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66	MJ	Convert metered kWh using 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ; disclose voltage, geography, meter boundary, and losses.
gas_volume	natural gas and industrial oxygen	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State temperature, pressure, and dry/wet basis and use consistent reference conditions.
liquid_mass	water, sodium hydroxide, cutting fluid, and liquid wastes	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report supplied or removed mass and disclose concentration, dilution, and recovered material.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Prepared steel blank or another precisely identified part material received at the facility, with grade, form, and upstream route declared
starting_condition_role	Upstream product input to foreground turbine-part manufacture
product_classification_scope	Separately delivered parts specifically for steam turbines and other vapour turbines corresponding to CPC 43153
recursive_input_rule	Record a received unfinished part already in this PCR category once as a traceable product input with its upstream dataset; do not recreate it recursively inside the same boundary.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Every purchased material, chemical, energy carrier, and outsourced treatment crossing the boundary requires a representative upstream dataset.
disclosure	Declare which shaping, machining, heat treatment, joining, coating, cleaning, inspection, packaging, waste treatment, and combustion stages are foreground, purchased, excluded, or not applicable.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	foreground boundary	Include on-site exchanges from receipt of the declared prepared input through release of the conforming part; exclude turbine assembly, installation, use, and end-of-life.	eu-jrc-sf-bref; us-doe-harsh-service-materials-2020
boundary_route_specific	manufacturing route	Include forging, casting, additive manufacture, heat treatment, joining, and coating only when they occur in the declared route; do not average mutually exclusive routes.	eu-jrc-sf-bref; us-doe-harsh-service-materials-2020

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
integrated_part_manufacture	Integrated turbine-part machining and finishing	required	Always included; each conditional exchange below is recorded only when its operation occurs	Foreground manufacture, finishing, inspection, and release	1 kg net conforming part output

Process: Integrated turbine-part machining and finishing (integrated_part_manufacture)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared steel machining blank (prepared_steel_blank)

The prepared blank crosses the factory boundary as the principal material input for the declared part.

• Selected flow: Prepared steel blank for machining a511bdc0-a8ac-443f-8dab-fc185d29aec3
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured lot input net of returned unused blank; declare alloy grade, forged state, dimensions, supplier, and upstream route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Purchased electricity (electricity)

Purchased electricity supplies the included machines and auxiliaries and is collected for the declared production lot.

• Selected flow: Electricity 890a70b7-b677-4e2a-8a1b-7d017e0a10ae
• Flow property / unit: Net calorific value / MJ
• Amount rule: metered or causally allocated kWh converted to MJ
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_records
• Sources:

Natural gas for on-site heating (natural_gas)

Natural gas crosses the boundary only when included on-site thermal equipment consumes it for the declared route.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered gas at declared reference conditions; record only when an on-site furnace or burner serves the lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_records
• Sources:

Industrial oxygen for oxy-fuel work (industrial_oxygen)

Industrial oxygen crosses the boundary only for included oxy-fuel cutting or heating.

• Selected flow: Industrial oxygen bd4b0f96-2090-4806-a648-335ab20ff401
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: metered, cylinder-accounted, or invoiced oxygen; record only when oxy-fuel cutting or heating occurs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_gas_records
• Sources:

Process water for aqueous cleaning (process_water)

Process water crosses the boundary only when aqueous cleaning or rinsing is included.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured supplied water less separately metered internal reuse; record only when aqueous cleaning occurs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_liquid_input_records
• Sources:

Sodium hydroxide for alkaline cleaning (sodium_hydroxide)

Sodium hydroxide crosses the boundary only as the active chemical supplied to an included alkaline-cleaning bath.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: active-equivalent mass charged and allocated to the lot; record only when alkaline cleaning occurs
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_liquid_input_records
• Sources:

Cutting fluid make-up (cutting_fluid)

Fresh cutting fluid crosses the boundary as make-up for machining the declared lot.

• Selected flow: Cutting Fluid 576d250f-4f36-4385-939d-0f03b8f95a10
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured fresh cutting-fluid or concentrate-equivalent make-up allocated to the lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_liquid_input_records
• Sources:

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Conforming steam-turbine part (reference_product)

The inspected and accepted part leaves the process as the reference product.

• Selected flow: Finished steam-turbine part
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net mass of inspected, accepted CPC 43153 output; normalize to exactly 1 kg
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per declared lot before normalization to 1 kg
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources: un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025

Waste flows

Steel scrap from machining (steel_machining_chips)

Steel chips leave the machining system as a separately measured waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Steel scrap, machining chips c978e4fc-350b-4fb6-8021-90eb5a6ed034
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass transferred from the lot and reconciled to material balance
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_material_mass_balance
• Sources:

Spent cutting fluid (spent_cutting_fluid)

Spent cutting fluid leaves the machining system for declared treatment or disposal.

• Selected flow: Spent coolant 62b6a738-fb6a-4570-a95a-9255ec0dcb2b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mass removed from the machining system; declare water content, contaminants, and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_liquid_records
• Sources:

Waste alkaline cleaning liquor (waste_alkaline_liquor)

Spent alkaline liquor leaves an included cleaning bath as a separately measured waste exchange.

• Selected flow: Waste Alkaline Liquor ca310225-50c8-4d41-8353-4338b41e19a1
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured drained bath mass allocated to the lot; record only when alkaline cleaning occurs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_waste_liquid_records
• Sources:

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide to air (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Fossil carbon dioxide crosses the environment boundary from included on-site combustion.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: verified or directly measured on-site fossil CO2 allocated to the lot; exclude upstream electricity and outsourced-operation emissions
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg net conforming steam-turbine part output
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_direct_emission_records
• Sources:

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivide	shared foreground operations	Prefer lot, machine-time, meter, or mass-balance subdivision before allocation.
allocation_shared_burdens	unavoidable shared burdens	Allocate by a documented causal physical driver; use mass only when no better physical driver exists and disclose sensitivity.
allocation_scrap	steel machining chips	Report chips as waste without avoided-production credit; disclose revenue and downstream recycling or treatment separately.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_material_mass_balance	integrated_part_manufacture	blank, product, chips	scale, issue, production, and transfer records	lot; part; input; return; conforming output; chip mass	calibrated scales reconciled to records	kg	each lot	full period	included operations	sum by lot, subtract returns, divide by conforming output	calibration; reconciliation; transfer ticket
cp_electricity_records	integrated_part_manufacture	electricity	meter and allocation records	meter; opening/closing kWh; machine hours; driver	submeter or documented causal allocation	kWh	shift or billing interval	full period	included equipment	allocate, convert with calc_electricity_mj, normalize	calibration; invoice; allocation worksheet
cp_gas_records	integrated_part_manufacture	natural gas and oxygen	meter, cylinder, supplier records	identity; volume; temperature; pressure; dry/wet basis; allocation	meter, cylinder balance, or invoice	m3	lot or delivery interval	full period	included gas equipment	reference-condition conversion and lot allocation	certificate; invoice; conversion record
cp_liquid_input_records	integrated_part_manufacture	water, NaOH, cutting fluid	meter, batch, purchase, make-up records	identity; mass; concentration; dilution; recovery; lot	calibrated meter or scale	kg	each event	full period	included systems	sum net fresh input; calculate active NaOH; normalize	calibration; batch sheet; supplier specification
cp_waste_liquid_records	integrated_part_manufacture	spent fluid and alkaline liquor	tank, drum, manifest records	identity; mass; water; chemistry; contaminants; destination	calibrated tank or scale	kg	each removal	full period	collection points	sum by identity and lot allocation; normalize	calibration; manifest; treatment receipt
cp_direct_emission_records	integrated_part_manufacture	fossil CO2	emissions or stack record	source; fossil attribution; CO2; period; driver	verified monitoring and allocation	kg	reporting interval	full period	included combustion	allocate verified CO2 and normalize	monitoring QA/QC; calibration; reconciliation

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalize_reference	every row	normalized amount = lot exchange / lot net conforming output mass	exchange; conforming output	exchange per kg reference product
calc_electricity_mj	electricity	MJ = kWh × 3.6	metered kWh	MJ delivered electricity
calc_active_sodium_hydroxide	sodium hydroxide	active NaOH = solution mass × verified mass fraction	solution mass; concentration	kg active NaOH
calc_mass_balance	material yield	residual = blank input − returned blank − product − chips − other declared metal outputs	measured masses	residual

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	product and material	Link each lot to drawing, material certificate, route, heat treatment, acceptance release, and CPC 43153 eligibility.	drawing; certificate; traveller; release
dq_completeness	boundary	Reconcile operations, outsourced work, utilities, material, waste, and direct emissions for the period.	boundary checklist; meter map; ledgers; registers
dq_measurement	exchanges	Use calibrated instruments or documented invoices; retain conversions, allocation, and uncertainty notes.	calibration; invoice; worksheet; uncertainty statement
dq_route_separation	variants	Keep different designs, materials, shaping routes, heat treatments, and coatings separate unless homogeneity and weighting are demonstrated.	bills of material; travellers; homogeneity test; weighting record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_identity	reference product	Reject data lacking a separately delivered steam- or vapour-turbine part identity, declared material/route, or 1 kg net-mass reference.	un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025
validate_mass_balance	materials	Investigate and disclose residuals; do not hide scale, swarf, rejects, or returns in the reference product.
validate_conditional_rows	conditional exchanges	Require a documented not-applicable statement when a conditional atomic exchange is absent.	eu-jrc-sf-bref
validate_uuid_semantics	UUID flows	Recheck flow type, classification, property, unit group, product state, geography, technology, and generalComment.
validate_ranges	quantitative QA	Use foreground records; do not add an external numeric range without two independent compatible original sources or reviewed datasets.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Gate-to-gate foreground production dataset for one declared steam- or vapour-turbine part and route
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	Product-specific LCA, turbine-system modelling, procurement comparison, and supply-chain inventory when qualifiers and upstream links match
excluded_use	Complete-turbine representation; generic machinery-part proxy; unqualified cross-material, cross-route, cross-site, or repaired-part comparison
required_metadata	PCR id; part/drawing; CPC reference; material/input state; route; heat treatment; finish; site; geography; period; net/gross mass; packaging; allocation; upstream datasets
required_quality_disclosure	Measurement coverage; calibration; material balance; allocation; route exclusions; outsourced stages; UUID and range-evidence gaps; uncertainty
update_trigger	Change in design, material, input route, technology, heat treatment, finish, site, energy, allocation, waste route, or resolved evidence gap

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-0-structure-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv (retrieved 2026-09-05)	CPC 43153 identity and link to subclass 43141
eu-jrc-sf-bref	official_guidance	European Commission Joint Research Centre, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Smitheries and Foundries Industry, https://bureau-industrial-transformation.jrc.ec.europa.eu/reference/smitheries-and-foundries-industry (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Heating, metal treatment, forging, machining, finishing, and heat-treatment process decomposition
us-doe-harsh-service-materials-2020	official_guidance	U.S. Department of Energy, 2020 Workshop on Materials for Harsh Service Conditions, https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/Materials%20for%20Harsh%20Environments_%202020%20Virtual%20Workshop%20Summary%20Report.pdf (retrieved 2026-09-05)	Turbine-component route distinctions including forging, machining, joining, coatings, and near-net-shape manufacture