Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to the production of saleable platinum metal leaving the producing facility in an unwrought form, a semi-manufactured form, or powder form. It supports a foreground refinery-and-finishing dataset whose declared starting condition is an assayed platinum-bearing refinery feed lot. Primary and secondary feed routes are eligible only when their upstream histories and burden treatment are disclosed.

The boundary includes feed receipt, homogenisation, sampling and assay; applicable thermal pretreatment or melting; hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical concentration and separation; final reduction or pyrolysis to metal; purification; internal precious-metal recycle; wastewater and residue management; and the forming operation needed for the declared market form. It ends when the released platinum product leaves the factory gate.

Platinum ores and concentrates sold without refinery conversion, platinum compounds, catalysts and catalyst articles, jewellery, fabricated end-use articles, waste and scrap, and palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, gold, silver, or base-metal products are outside the reference-product boundary. Co-produced metals remain reportable co-products.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.metal-products-machinery-and-equipment.basic-metals.platinum-unwrought-or-in-semi-manufactured-forms-or-in-powder-form
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 41330 — Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form
covered_products	Platinum metal released as unwrought metal, metal sponge, powder, or a declared semi-manufactured form such as plate, sheet, strip, rod, wire, tube, or foil
excluded_products	Ores and concentrates; platinum compounds; catalysts and fabricated catalyst articles; jewellery and finished articles; waste and scrap; mixed PGM products without separately quantified platinum
representative_product	Saleable platinum metal with declared platinum mass fraction and declared physical form
production_route	Precious-metal refining followed by route-appropriate reduction, melting, powder finishing, or semi-manufacturing; primary and secondary feed histories are declared separately
market_state	Factory-gate, saleable platinum in the declared unwrought, semi-manufactured, or powder state; purity, dimensions or particle specification, and packaging condition declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Production of saleable platinum metal in one declared covered physical form
How much	1 kg net platinum product at the factory gate
How well	Conforms to the producer's declared platinum mass fraction and form-specific release specification; no universal purity is inferred
How long or cycle	One completed production campaign or accounting period represented by contemporaneous foreground records
reference_flow_link	The reference amount is the measured net mass of the released platinum product represented by inventory row platinum_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form — UUID unresolved
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	platinum mass fraction and assay method; physical form; dimensions or particle-size specification when applicable; primary, secondary, or mixed feed route; feed origin and burden treatment; facility geography; refining and finishing technology; production period; allocation method; internal recycle treatment; factory-gate packaging condition

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product and all mass-normalised inventory	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Use net released product mass. Preserve measured values before normalising all foreground exchanges to 1 kg of released platinum product.
platinum_content_basis	feed, product, residues, and co-products	Mass and reported platinum mass fraction	kg and kg Pt/kg material	Record wet or dry basis, sampling method, assay method, and uncertainty. Do not substitute total PGM content for platinum content.
solution_concentration_basis	hydrochloric acid and other aqueous reagents	Mass and solution concentration	kg solution and mass fraction	Report purchased or make-up solution mass and concentration separately; do not report active-acid mass as solution mass. Recovered internal acid is not a new technosphere input.
gas_volume_basis	gaseous natural gas	Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66	m3	State temperature, absolute pressure, and dry/wet basis for gas volume; retain the metered volume and any conversion factor.
electricity_energy_basis	purchased electricity	Energy	kWh	Record meter-delivered electricity in kWh and declare voltage level, grid geography, contractual supply, and on-site generation treatment. Do not use a voltage-transformation service or cable flow as electricity.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	An identified, weighed, homogenised or otherwise representatively sampled, and assayed platinum-bearing refinery feed lot received at the foreground facility
starting_condition_role	Foreground refinery input; its upstream production or collection and preprocessing is represented by linked upstream datasets or an explicitly justified secondary-material cut-off
product_classification_scope	Saleable platinum metal in unwrought, semi-manufactured, or powder form; route and physical form do not create separate canonical PCR identities
recursive_input_rule	If a covered platinum product re-enters as feed, record it once as a product input with its upstream dataset and model only the incremental foreground refining or forming; do not recursively expand the same PCR inside the foreground process
upstream_dataset_requirement	Primary feed requires traceable upstream mining, concentration, smelting, and base-metal-refining datasets as applicable. Secondary feed requires collection and preprocessing datasets unless a declared cut-off convention legitimately assigns it zero incoming burden.
disclosure	Declare feed category and origin, platinum and co-metal assays, primary/secondary share, cut-off convention, included unit operations, internal recycle loops, abatement and wastewater treatment, finishing form, geography, technology, period, and exclusions

System Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
sb_gate_boundary	foreground refinery-and-finishing system	Include all attributable foreground material, energy, water, waste, and direct-emission exchanges from receipt of the declared assayed feed to released platinum at the factory gate.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016; ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update
sb_route_disclosure	primary, secondary, or mixed feed	Preserve primary and secondary feed histories as explicit metadata and do not average unlike upstream burden conventions without reporting the shares and calculation.	ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update
sb_recycle_loops	acid, chlorine, water, precious-metal, and residue loops	Count make-up inputs and net outputs crossing the foreground boundary. Report internally recovered and recirculated quantities separately and do not count them as new external inputs.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
sb_forming_condition	semi-manufactured or powder output	Include the forming, powder preparation, melting, casting, rolling, drawing, extrusion, annealing, or finishing operations performed before the declared factory-gate product is released; mark absent operations not applicable.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
platinum_refining_and_finishing	Platinum refining and finishing	required	Always included; individual route-conditioned exchanges are recorded only when they cross the declared foreground boundary	Foreground production from assayed refinery feed through released platinum form	1 kg released platinum product

Process: Platinum refining and finishing (platinum_refining_and_finishing)

This integrated process avoids multiplying proprietary and repeatedly cycled refinery stages into artificial route-by-form combinations. Unit-operation records must still identify feed preparation, sampling and assay, dissolution or smelting, separation and purification, final metal recovery, internal recycle, effluent treatment, and product-form finishing when each operation occurs.

Inputs

Product flows

Assayed platinum-bearing refinery feed lot (pt_refinery_feed)

The received physical feed lot crosses the foreground refinery boundary once. Its state, origin, dry matter, platinum assay, other valuable-metal assays, and upstream dataset are recorded for the actual campaign.

• Selected flow: Assayed platinum-bearing refinery feed lot — UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Measure received mass and determine dry mass and platinum content from representative sampling and assay; keep each materially distinct feed lot as a separate exchange record.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_mass_assay
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Hydrochloric acid solution, 30% (hydrochloric_acid_30)

Purchased or externally supplied 30% hydrochloric acid solution is recorded when used as refinery make-up acid. Internally recovered acid is reported in the recycle ledger rather than counted again as an input.

• Selected flow: Hydrochloric acid (30%) 56414d25-a353-4d67-b362-87212ce6011d
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Sum weighed or invoiced 30% solution entering the campaign boundary; record actual concentration and convert only with documented solution mass fraction.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reagent_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Chlorine gas (chlorine_gas)

Externally supplied chlorine is recorded for hydrochloric-acid/chlorine dissolution or dry chlorination when that route is used. Recovered chlorine in a closed loop is not counted as a new input.

• Selected flow: Chlorine 1fb2c22c-c189-4e2a-9a9f-810b59c37325
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure make-up chlorine crossing the facility process boundary for the represented campaign.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reagent_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Sodium hydroxide (sodium_hydroxide)

Externally supplied sodium hydroxide is recorded when used for feed treatment, neutralisation, or wastewater treatment attributable to the represented campaign. Solution concentration and supply state remain foreground qualifiers.

• Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide e0abcced-0611-4c24-9290-5a2c5a0c4169
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Sum purchased or make-up sodium hydroxide product mass entering included operations and report solution concentration where applicable.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_reagent_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Process water (process_water)

Make-up process water crossing the boundary is recorded for dissolution, washing, scrubbing, product finishing, and attributable wastewater treatment. Recirculated water is disclosed separately without double counting.

• Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Meter or otherwise reconcile make-up process water entering included operations; disclose source, quality, and density conversion if volume records are converted to mass.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016; ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update

Purchased electricity (purchased_electricity)

Meter-delivered electricity is recorded as one energy exchange. Voltage, grid geography, contractual supply, and on-site generation are qualifiers rather than separate unverified flow identities.

• Selected flow: Purchased alternating-current electricity — UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: Sum revenue-grade meter readings attributable to included operations, net of documented exported electricity and excluding electricity already embedded in upstream datasets.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_electricity_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016; ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update

Gaseous natural gas (gaseous_natural_gas)

Gaseous natural gas is recorded when combusted in included drying, thermal pretreatment, reduction support, melting, annealing, or finishing operations. Supply conditions and lower heating value are retained.

• Selected flow: natural gas in the gaseous state 4f19ca0e-7b3b-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Volume 93a60a56-a3c8-22da-a746-0800200c9a66 / m3
• Amount rule: Record calibrated metered volume at stated reference conditions for the represented campaign.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Released platinum product (platinum_product)

The released reference product is one declared physical form and one release specification. Different saleable forms or specifications are separate dataset variants, not aggregated exchanges.

• Selected flow: Platinum, unwrought or in semi-manufactured forms, or in powder form — UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Measure net released product mass and assay; normalise the completed inventory to exactly 1 kg of this output.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_product_release
• Sources: un-cpc-3-structure-2025; ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update

Waste flows

Platinum-bearing hydroxide filter cake (platinum_filter_cake)

The weighed hydroxide filter cake leaving wastewater treatment for external recovery or disposal is recorded separately from internally recycled precious-metal residue. Its retained platinum and other regulated metal concentrations are assayed.

• Selected flow: Platinum-bearing hydroxide filter cake — UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Weigh cake leaving the foreground boundary, determine dry matter and platinum concentration, and record destination and recovery status.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_residue_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Acidic chloride-bearing refinery wastewater (acidic_chloride_wastewater)

Net acidic chloride-bearing wastewater sent to external treatment or discharge after included on-site treatment is one aqueous waste exchange. Internally recirculated leach liquor and water are excluded from this net output.

• Selected flow: Acidic chloride-bearing platinum-refinery wastewater — UUID unresolved
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: Meter net wastewater crossing the foreground boundary and retain pH, chloride, suspended-solids, platinum, and other regulated-metal analyses.
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wastewater_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

Elementary flows

Direct fossil carbon dioxide (fossil_carbon_dioxide)

Direct fossil carbon dioxide from on-site combustion of gaseous natural gas in included operations is calculated separately from upstream electricity and fuel-supply emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 08a91e70-3ddc-11dd-923d-0050c2490048
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: Calculate fossil CO2 from campaign natural-gas consumption and documented carbon content or supplier emission factor; reconcile with direct emissions monitoring when available.
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg released platinum product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_records
• Sources: eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_subdivision_first	separately metered operations and campaigns	Avoid allocation by subdividing campaign, unit-operation, and product-form records wherever technically feasible.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
allocation_precious_metals	joint precious-metal refinery burdens that cannot be subdivided	Allocate remaining shared precious-metal-refinery burdens by recovered mass of each separately assayed saleable precious metal, and disclose the factors and sensitivity to an economic alternative.	ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update
allocation_base_and_precious_metals	unresolved joint production of base and precious metals	Use the verified upstream supplier dataset method. If foreground joint burdens cannot be subdivided, apply economic allocation to recovered metal content with documented prices, period, currency, and sensitivity; do not mix methods silently.	ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update
allocation_internal_recovery	internal solutions, residues, filter cakes, and off-spec metal	Treat material returned within the foreground boundary as internal recycle without avoided-product credit. Recognise a co-product or waste only when it crosses the boundary, has a measured quantity, and has a documented destination.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_feed_mass_assay	platinum_refining_and_finishing	assayed refinery feed	weighbridge/batch ticket and laboratory assay	lot id; origin; route; gross, tare and net mass; moisture; Pt and co-metal assays; sampling and assay methods; uncertainty; upstream dataset id	Calibrated weighing plus representative sampling and documented laboratory assay	kg; kg Pt/kg dry feed	Every received lot	Same campaigns and period as product output	All included refinery feeds	Keep distinct feed lots; aggregate mass and contained metal only after dry-basis conversion and route tagging	Calibration records; chain of custody; duplicate or certified-reference assay checks
cp_reagent_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	hydrochloric acid, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide make-up	tank, scale, flowmeter, batch, and invoice records	reagent id; concentration/purity; opening and closing stock; receipts; returns; recovered-loop quantity; allocation key	Reconcile calibrated storage and dosing records with purchases and production batches	kg product	Each batch; monthly reconciliation	Full represented period	All included operations	External input = opening stock + receipts - closing stock - documented returns; internal recycle reported separately	Meter/scale calibration; supplier certificate; inventory reconciliation
cp_water_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	process-water make-up	water meter and balance	source; quality; meter readings; density; recirculation; discharge	Calibrated make-up meters reconciled to recirculation and wastewater records	kg or m3 with conversion	Continuous or each batch; monthly reconciliation	Full represented period	All included water systems	Count only make-up crossing the boundary; retain measured volume and documented density for mass conversion	Meter calibration; water balance; laboratory quality results
cp_electricity_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	purchased electricity	revenue/submeter records	meter id; import; export; voltage; grid geography; contract; on-site generation; operation allocation	Revenue meters and calibrated submeters; documented allocation for shared loads	kWh	Continuous; monthly reconciliation	Full represented period	All included operations	Sum imported electricity attributable to included operations minus documented export; do not net unrelated site loads	Utility invoices; meter calibration; submeter coverage and reconciliation
cp_fuel_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	gaseous natural gas and direct fossil CO2	custody-transfer meter, fuel certificate, and emissions calculation	gas volume; temperature; pressure; moisture; heating value; carbon content; meter id; operation; monitoring result	Calibrated metering at stated reference conditions; calculate CO2 from documented carbon data and reconcile with monitoring	m3 gas; kg CO2	Continuous or each batch; monthly reconciliation	Full represented period	Included fuel-burning equipment only	Aggregate condition-corrected volume; allocate shared equipment by defensible operating records; calculate direct fossil CO2 consistently	Meter calibration; supplier certificate; calculation sheet; emissions-monitor reconciliation
cp_product_release	platinum_refining_and_finishing	released platinum product	final scale, batch release, and assay records	product lot; net mass; Pt assay; physical form; dimensions/particle specification; off-spec return; packaging tare	Calibrated final weighing and documented product-release assay	kg product; kg Pt/kg product	Every released lot	Same campaigns and period as inputs	All covered product lots in one declared dataset variant	Sum conforming net released mass; exclude packaging tare and returned or off-spec material; normalise to 1 kg	Scale calibration; certificate of analysis; release specification; lot traceability
cp_residue_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	platinum-bearing hydroxide filter cake	waste manifest, scale, and laboratory analysis	mass; moisture; Pt and regulated-metal concentrations; destination; recovery/disposal status	Weigh each shipment or container and sample using a documented heterogeneous-solid protocol	kg wet and dry cake; kg Pt/kg dry cake	Each shipment or batch	Full represented period	All filter cake crossing the boundary	Aggregate destination-specific dry and wet masses; keep internal returns outside the output	Scale calibration; chain of custody; laboratory QA/QC; waste manifest
cp_wastewater_records	platinum_refining_and_finishing	acidic chloride-bearing wastewater	flowmeter and composite sample	flow; density; pH; chloride; suspended solids; Pt and regulated metals; treatment stage; destination	Calibrated net-flow measurement plus flow-proportional composite sampling	kg or m3; concentration units	Continuous flow; composite per permit or batch	Full represented period	Net wastewater crossing the foreground boundary	Convert volume to mass only with measured/documented density; calculate loads from matched flow and concentration periods	Flowmeter calibration; laboratory QA/QC; treatment and discharge records

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_normalise_reference	every inventory exchange	Normalised amount = campaign exchange amount / net kg of conforming released platinum product.	Campaign exchange quantity; cp_product_release net product mass	Exchange per 1 kg reference product
calc_dry_feed_platinum	pt_refinery_feed	Dry feed mass = net wet mass × (1 - moisture fraction); contained Pt = dry feed mass × dry-basis Pt mass fraction.	Weighing, moisture, and assay records from cp_feed_mass_assay	kg dry feed and kg contained Pt
calc_solution_mass	aqueous reagent records	Keep solution product mass as the exchange; active reagent mass = solution mass × measured mass fraction is an additional calculation and must not replace the product exchange.	Reagent mass and concentration from cp_reagent_records	kg solution and kg active substance
calc_direct_fossil_co2	fossil_carbon_dioxide	Calculate CO2 from measured fuel and documented carbon content or supplier factor; keep factor identity, oxidation assumption, and monitoring reconciliation.	Natural-gas record and carbon data from cp_fuel_records	kg fossil CO2	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
calc_precious_metal_allocation	inseparable joint precious-metal-refinery burdens	Allocation factor for metal i = recovered saleable mass of metal i / total recovered saleable mass of jointly processed precious metals.	Assayed released masses for all joint precious-metal co-products	Product-specific allocation factors summing to 1	ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and feed	Preserve lot-to-lot traceability, physical form, purity, feed origin, route, and Tiangong UUID status; do not substitute a wire-only UUID for the broader reference product.	Release certificates, feed tickets, assay records, and unresolved-UUID review metadata
dq_temporal	all foreground records	Use a common representative period, normally at least 12 consecutive months or a complete documented campaign set covering seasonal and maintenance variation; explain shorter periods.	Meter, inventory, production, maintenance, and batch coverage records
dq_completeness	material, energy, water, waste, and direct emissions	Reconcile all included operations and identify every additional reagent, fuel, waste, or direct elementary flow as its own atomic exchange before publication.	Mass/metal balances, utility reconciliation, waste manifests, emissions inventory, and completeness checklist
dq_assay	Pt-bearing feeds, products, co-products, and residues	Use representative sampling, documented assay methods, units, detection limits, and uncertainty; retain duplicate or reference-material QA results where available.	Sampling plans, laboratory reports, QA/QC records, and certificates of analysis
dq_geography_technology	upstream datasets and utilities	Match geography, technology, product state, concentration, and delivery boundary; disclose any proxy and do not assign an unverified UUID.	Supplier dataset metadata, contracts, process description, and UUID audit record

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
val_reference_product	reference flow and platinum_product	Verify exactly 1 kg net released platinum product after normalisation, with declared platinum assay and covered physical form; reject mixed-PGM mass as the platinum reference amount.	un-cpc-3-structure-2025
val_inventory_reconciliation	foreground inventory	Require all 11 prescribed atomic rows to be either UUID-matched or explicitly unresolved and applicable rows to carry foreground quantities; add separate audited rows for any additional actual reagent, fuel, waste, or direct emission.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
val_mass_metal_balance	feeds, product, co-products, residues, and wastewater	Reconcile total mass and contained platinum across input, released products, internal stocks/recycle, residues, and measured losses; document uncertainty and investigation of material imbalance.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
val_no_double_counting	internal loops and upstream datasets	Verify that recovered acid, chlorine, water, solutions, residues, and platinum are not counted as new inputs and that upstream burdens are not duplicated in the foreground inventory.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016
val_allocation	multi-metal campaigns	Verify subdivision was attempted first, all allocation factors sum to 1 for the allocated burden, co-product quantities and assays are measured, and sensitivity and method disclosures are present.	ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update
val_waste_emissions	wastewater, filter cake, and direct fossil CO2	Verify wastewater and filter cake destinations and compositions, distinguish internal recovery from boundary outputs, and exclude upstream electricity emissions from direct fossil CO2.	eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review; candidate foreground packages remain authoring inputs
downstream_use	Product-system modelling requiring platinum at the factory gate, with route, form, purity, geography, technology, period, and allocation matched to the study
allowed_use	Use for the declared primary, secondary, or mixed feed route and declared released product form after UUID gaps, data-quality evidence, and boundary compatibility are reviewed
excluded_use	Direct representation of ore or concentrate, platinum compounds, catalysts, jewellery, fabricated end-use articles, scrap treatment alone, or another PGM; unsupported extrapolation between primary and secondary routes
required_metadata	PCR id; product form and purity; product and feed assays; feed route and origin; secondary cut-off convention; system boundary; geography; technology; period; allocation; UUID status; source and collection protocol versions
required_quality_disclosure	Record coverage, meter and scale calibration, sampling and assay QA/QC, mass and platinum balance, allocation sensitivity, proxy datasets, unresolved UUIDs, and unresolved range-evidence needs
update_trigger	Material change in feed mix, burden convention, refinery or finishing technology, energy or water supply, recovery efficiency, product specification, allocation, abatement, wastewater treatment, geography, or representative period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
un-cpc-3-structure-2025	Official guidance (official_guidance)	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 Structure, 30 June 2025, official CSV, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Structure_30Jun2025.csv, retrieved 2026-09-04, SHA-256 5cd2c1c4890dd6be16af48e9bb940fed48efff9865f39ff15edaa921da25fb7c	Exact CPC 41330 classification identity and English title; independence key unsd-cpc-3.0-structure-2025
china-mof-research-goods-list-2026	Official guidance (official_guidance)	Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China, 免税科研货物清单 (Duty-free scientific research goods list), item 151 / heading 7110, https://m.mof.gov.cn/zcfb/202601/P020260114634207037460.pdf, 2026, retrieved 2026-09-04, SHA-256 844ae4413404a9727f8cb805c2ebbfef8959afc2e44db43d421ed9da0ab6b350	Verification of professional Chinese product-state terminology “铂，未锻造、半制成或粉末状”; independence key china-mof-tax-free-research-goods-list-2026
eu-nfm-bat-conclusions-2016	Official guidance (official_guidance)	European Commission, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1032 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for the non-ferrous metals industries, Official Journal L 174, 30 June 2016, official full-text XHTML, https://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/174bd664-3e84-11e6-af30-01aa75ed71a1.0006.03/DOC_1, retrieved 2026-09-04, SHA-256 1a752d504bcfdbf68ca521d73ab48fa511de01b750923089f1591f95dfa06699	Original-text non-ferrous and precious-metal process scope; material selection and mixing; pretreatment, smelting/melting, leaching and hydrometallurgical stages; energy management; wastewater measurement, reuse, segregation, treatment, and monitoring; and HCl/Cl2 controls; independence key eu-commission-implementing-decision-2016-1032
ipa-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update	Literature (literature)	International Platinum Group Metals Association, The Life Cycle Assessment of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs): Reference Year 2017 & 2022 Update, 2022, https://ipa-news.com/assets/pdfs/2022-06-21-lca-fact-sheet-2022-ipa.pdf, retrieved 2026-09-04	Original-text cradle-to-gate boundary, separate primary/secondary route treatment, 1 kg platinum functional-unit precedent, and mass/economic allocation practice; independence key ipa-sphera-pgm-lca-2017-2022-update