Cotton, carded or combed

Cotton, carded or combed: This PCR covers gate-to-gate foreground production of cotton that has been carded or combed and is delivered as a natural textile fibre…

Lifecycle status: Candidate
Content maturity: Authored methodology
Current version: No published version
Readiness: Review required
Last updated: 2026-09-02

Methodology and translation states come from the source record; publishing this website does not change their review status.

Content languages

zh-CN · Aligned

Status, classification and source details

Readiness

Warnings methodology_not_reviewed Authored methodology is candidate guidance and still requires methodology review.

Classification mapping

CPC 3.0:26160 · exact

Source

library/pcrs/food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products/yarn-and-thread-woven-and-tufted-textile-fabrics/cotton-carded-or-combedsha256:b61304c091f5…

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers gate-to-gate foreground production of cotton that has been carded or combed and is delivered as a natural textile fibre prepared for spinning. The declared product may be card sliver, drawn carded sliver, combed sliver, lap, web, or another non-yarn presentation only when the presentation, route, and classification remain consistent with CPC 3.0 subclass 26160.

The dataset shall declare route=carded or route=combed. It shall also declare cotton fibre type and origin, including at least Upland or extra-long-staple/Pima where known, virgin or reclaimed/recycled origin, and the relevant grade or supplier specification. Carded and combed routes, materially different cotton fibre types, and virgin and reclaimed/recycled feedstocks shall be modelled separately; they shall not be combined into one unconditional category average. A production-weighted aggregate may be reported only as an additional result when the disaggregated route/fibre-type datasets and weighting period are retained.

Reclaimed or recycled cotton may be included only when the delivered output is confirmed to remain cotton, carded or combed, rather than cotton waste or garnetted stock. Sorting, cutting, tearing, or garnetting of recovered textiles is conditional and belongs inside the boundary only when performed by the reporting facility. Blended cotton/man-made-fibre slivers, raw or ginned cotton not yet carded, cotton waste marketed as waste or garnetted stock, rovings, yarns, fabrics, wet pretreatment, dyeing, finishing, cultivation, harvesting, and ginning are excluded from the reference product.

This candidate PCR is intended to produce auditable foreground data. It does not provide a default industry-average inventory, a legal determination of product classification, an occupational compliance assessment, or an environmental product declaration.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.yarn-and-thread-woven-and-tufted-textile-fabrics.cotton-carded-or-combed
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 26160, Cotton, carded or combed, exact generic reference; classification remains subject to the declared physical state and market presentation
covered_products	100% cotton fibre outputs that are carded or combed and prepared for spinning; virgin Upland and extra-long-staple/Pima cotton; reclaimed/recycled cotton only when classification as CPC 26160 is confirmed
excluded_products	raw or merely ginned cotton; cotton linters; cotton waste or garnetted stock sold as such; man-made staple fibre; cotton/man-made-fibre blends; roving; yarn; thread; fabric; finished textile products
representative_product	one declared lot of cotton prepared for spinning, reported separately as carded or combed and by cotton fibre type/origin
production_route	receiving and conditioning; opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending; carding; drawing when part of the delivered state; for combed output only, lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing; attributable suction, dust collection, humidification, internal handling, inspection, and packaging
market_state	dry prepared cotton fibre at the reporting facility gate, not spun; presentation, moisture or commercial mass basis, packaging, route, and fibre type/origin declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	cotton fibre separated, cleaned, aligned, and prepared for subsequent spinning by a declared carded or combed route
How much	1 kg of delivered product on the declared measured or commercial mass basis
How well	conforms to the declared route, cotton fibre type/origin, presentation, moisture or regain convention, lot specification, and applicable quality attributes
How long or cycle	one production lot at the facility gate; no service-life duration applies
reference_flow_link	the reference product is the final saleable carded or combed cotton output of the declared route, after attributable losses and before spinning

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Cotton, carded or combed `93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6`
Reference flow property	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`
Reference unit group	Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66`
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	carded or combed route; delivered presentation; cotton species/type or commercial class; Upland or extra-long-staple/Pima where known; virgin or reclaimed/recycled origin; recycled-content calculation basis where applicable; input and output grade/specification; fibre length and uniformity where available; micronaire or declared fineness/maturity indicator; strength where available; colour and trash/foreign-matter indicator where relevant; moisture content and measured/commercial mass convention; production site, technology, lot, period, packaging, and allocation status

When constructing a foreground data package, every item listed in Required qualifiers shall be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, the reference-flow comment, the product description, or an equivalent field. A qualifier may be marked not applicable only with a reason. The verified Tiangong row is a generic exact product-flow identity: version 01.01.000, state_code=100, Product flow, CPC 26160. The PCR stores only UUID 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6; the checked version is disclosed here solely as identity-verification context and shall not be treated as a version lock or quantitative evidence.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
`meas_reference_mass`	reference product and cotton material flows	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Normalize all foreground quantities to 1 kg of delivered carded or combed cotton. Retain unrounded lot masses and the conversion to the reference amount.
`meas_moisture_basis`	cotton input, intermediate, output, noils, and fibre waste	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Declare whether each mass is as received, conditioned, oven-dry, or commercial mass. Do not mix bases. Record measured moisture and the exact agreed regain/allowance or conversion method; do not insert a generic regain value. ISO 6741-1 applies only within its stated homogeneous single-fibre consignment scope.
`meas_route_separation`	carded and combed product routes	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Meter or allocate measured values to carded and combed routes separately. Route aggregation is permitted only as an additional production-weighted view with disaggregated records retained.
`meas_fibre_type_separation`	materially different cotton fibre types and origins	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Keep virgin Upland, virgin extra-long-staple/Pima, and reclaimed/recycled feedstock records separate whenever yields, energy, waste, quality, or processing conditions differ materially.
`meas_energy`	electricity and fuels	energy content and carrier-specific property	kWh, MJ, or native invoiced unit	Preserve metered units and conversion factors. Record grid mix, supplier product, onsite generation, fuel lower/higher heating-value basis, and allocation of shared utilities.
`meas_dust`	captured fibre/dust and direct particulate releases	Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66`	kg	Weigh captured material where practicable and quantify stack or fugitive release using a documented environmental-emission method. Occupational cotton-dust concentration shall not be converted into an environmental mass emission without measured airflow, time, capture, and release-point data.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	cotton feedstock received at the preparation facility, with bale/lot identity, physical presentation, fibre type/origin, grade or supplier specification, moisture/mass basis, and prior preparation state declared
starting_condition_role	gate-to-gate input condition; upstream cultivation, harvesting, ginning, recycled-textile collection, and off-site feedstock preparation are represented by linked upstream datasets rather than silently absorbed into this foreground process
product_classification_scope	output shall be confirmed as cotton, carded or combed and prepared for spinning; a reclaimed/recycled route is included only when the output is not classified and marketed as cotton waste or garnetted stock
recursive_input_rule	when a same-category carded or combed cotton input crosses the foreground boundary, record it as an explicit technosphere input with its upstream dataset and do not recursively reconstruct its prior preparation; disclose whether the operation is re-drawing, re-carding, blending, or reprocessing
upstream_dataset_requirement	use geographically, temporally, technologically, and fibre-type-representative upstream datasets for cotton cultivation/ginning or recovered-textile preparation, electricity, fuels, water, auxiliaries, packaging, and waste treatment; identify proxies and data gaps
disclosure	disclose route, fibre type/origin, recycled-content basis, input state, included equipment, shared-service allocation, moisture/mass convention, product/co-product/waste classification, dust-control boundary, packaging, geography, technology, production period, and every excluded or externally supplied operation

Normative System Boundary Rules

rule_id	applies_to	rule	source_ids
`sb_foreground_gate`	foreground_system	Include all on-site operations attributable to the saleable prepared-cotton output from declared receiving condition through opening/cleaning/blending, carding, route-required drawing, conditional combing preparation and combing, suction and dust collection, internal transfer, quality control, and packaging.	`un-cpc-3-2025`; `eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023`; `osha-1910-262-textiles`
`sb_route_condition`	production_route	Carding is required for both declared routes. Include lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing only for a combed output; do not assign combing losses or energy to a carded output.	`eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023`; `osha-1910-262-textiles`
`sb_fibre_condition`	fibre_type_origin	Model materially different cotton fibre types and virgin versus reclaimed/recycled feedstocks as separate foreground strata. Do not use an unconditional average across them.	`usda-ams-cotton-classing`; `eu-pef-2021-2279`
`sb_recycled_route`	reclaimed_recycled_cotton	Include onsite sorting, cutting, tearing, willowing, garnetting, or additional cleaning only when performed and when the delivered product classification is confirmed. Report off-site preparation through an upstream dataset.	`osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust`; `osha-1910-262-textiles`; `un-cpc-3-2025`
`sb_upstream_exclusion`	upstream_supply	Exclude cultivation, harvesting, ginning, transport to the facility, and off-site recycled-feedstock preparation from the foreground gate-to-gate process, but require explicit upstream product flows/datasets when a downstream life-cycle model is built.	`un-cpc-3-2025`; `eu-pef-2021-2279`
`sb_downstream_exclusion`	downstream_operations	Exclude roving, spinning, twisting, winding, wet pretreatment, dyeing, printing, finishing, fabric manufacture, distribution, use, and end of life unless a broader study adds them as separately identified downstream processes.	`eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023`; `un-cpc-3-2025`
`sb_dust_and_waste`	emissions_and_waste	Include captured fibre/trash/dust, direct particulate releases, noils, packaging waste, and treatment routes. Keep occupational exposure measurements separate from environmental emission inventory.	`osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust`; `eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023`
`sb_atomic_flows`	all_inventory_rows	Represent each material, energy carrier, named chemical, product, waste, and elementary release as one atomic flow row. Electricity rows do not include steam, natural gas, diesel, LPG, compressed-air service, refrigerant makeup, or heat. No category-wide chemical input is assumed; if a facility uses a named conditioning agent, lubricant, cleaning chemical, fuel, refrigerant, or other carrier, add one conditional atomic row per substance/carrier with its own quantity, unit, protocol, source status, and UUID status.	`eu-pef-2021-2279`
`sb_no_hidden_cutoff`	inventory_completeness	Do not omit a material or energy flow merely because no default factor exists. Record the foreground requirement, proxy, exclusion, or unresolved gap and assess its significance.	`eu-pef-2021-2279`

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
`receiving_conditioning`	Feedstock receiving and conditioning	required	Always represented; prior preparation state and moisture/mass basis vary by lot	establish input identity, mass, and quality	kg cotton feedstock accepted by declared route and fibre-type stratum
`opening_cleaning_blending`	Opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending	required	Equipment steps may be zero only when the declared received input is already equivalently opened/cleaned; the omission is disclosed	open bales or recovered fibre, remove foreign matter, and form the declared cotton blend	kg cleaned opened cotton transferred to carding
`carding_drawing`	Carding and route-required drawing	required	Carding always applies; drawing applies when performed for the declared delivery or combing-preparation state	separate and align fibres; produce carded output or combing intermediate	kg carded cotton output/intermediate
`combing_preparation`	Lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing	conditional	Include only when `route=combed`	remove short fibres and neps, parallel long fibres, and produce combed cotton	kg combed cotton output
`site_services_packaging`	Attributable site services, dust control, inspection, and packaging	required	Packaging material is conditional on delivered form; humidification, compressed air, and onsite fuel are included when used	provide utilities, capture dust, inspect, and prepare saleable output	1 kg delivered reference product

Process: Feedstock receiving and conditioning (`receiving_conditioning`)

Inputs

Product flows

Virgin Upland ginned cotton feedstock (`virgin_upland_cotton_feedstock`)

Use only for a declared virgin Upland cotton stratum. Carded and combed route destinations remain separate.

Flow name: virgin Upland ginned cotton fibre
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: virgin Upland cotton only; mutually exclusive with the other feedstock rows for the same input mass
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product of the same route and virgin Upland stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Range or uncertainty: route-specific provisional reasoned_estimate ranges below; replace with reviewed lot mass balances
Data source id: cp_lot_mass_quality
Source id or status: iso-6741-1-1989; usda-ams-cotton-classing; UUID unresolved; provisional ranges are reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: virgin Upland ginned cotton fibre; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered carded or combed cotton of the same route and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
Sources: iso-6741-1-1989; usda-ams-cotton-classing
Range: Provisional virgin-Upland carded-route input screening estimate; replace after reviewed lot mass balances or stronger route-specific evidence is available
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 1.00
- Upper: 1.30
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered carded cotton, virgin Upland stratum only
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)
Range: Provisional virgin-Upland combed-route input screening estimate; replace after reviewed lot mass balances or stronger route-specific evidence is available
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 1.05
- Upper: 1.70
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered combed cotton, virgin Upland stratum only
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Virgin extra-long-staple ginned cotton feedstock, including Pima (`virgin_els_pima_cotton_feedstock`)

Use only for a declared virgin extra-long-staple/Pima cotton stratum. Do not borrow the Upland screening range.

Flow name: virgin extra-long-staple ginned cotton fibre, including Pima
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: virgin extra-long-staple/Pima cotton only; mutually exclusive with the other feedstock rows for the same input mass
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product of the same route and virgin extra-long-staple/Pima stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range is asserted; foreground lot mass balance is mandatory
Data source id: cp_lot_mass_quality
Source id or status: iso-6741-1-1989; usda-ams-cotton-classing; UUID unresolved; foreground record required
Selected flow: virgin extra-long-staple ginned cotton fibre, including Pima; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered carded or combed cotton of the same route and extra-long-staple/Pima stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
Sources: iso-6741-1-1989; usda-ams-cotton-classing

Reclaimed cotton fibre feedstock (`reclaimed_cotton_feedstock`)

Use only when the recovered input is a single declared cotton-fibre stream and classification review confirms that the delivered output remains CPC 26160 rather than cotton waste or garnetted stock.

Flow name: reclaimed cotton fibre feedstock
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: reclaimed/recycled cotton route only; mutually exclusive with the virgin feedstock rows for the same input mass
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product of the same reclaimed-cotton route and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Range or uncertainty: provisional reclaimed-cotton screening range below; replace after classification review and reviewed route-specific lots
Data source id: cp_lot_mass_quality
Source id or status: cp_lot_mass_quality; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: reclaimed cotton fibre feedstock; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured accepted mass corrected only by the declared moisture/commercial-mass method
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered carded or combed cotton of the same reclaimed-cotton route and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
Sources: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
Range: Provisional reclaimed/recycled-cotton route screening estimate; replace after classification review and reviewed route-specific lot mass balances
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 1.05
- Upper: 2.50
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered carded or combed cotton, reclaimed/recycled stratum only
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned feedstock released to opening (`conditioned_feedstock`)

Transfer the weighed, identified lot to the matching route/fibre-type production record without changing its stratum.

Flow name: conditioned cotton feedstock of one declared fibre-type stratum
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: one separately identified route/fibre-type lot; never an aggregate of materially different strata
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per receiving lot and per 1 kg delivered reference product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: accepted feedstock mass less separately measured receiving waste and sampling loss
Range or uncertainty: calculated from the same lot records; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_lot_mass_quality
Source id or status: iso-6741-1-1989; cp_lot_mass_quality; UUID unresolved
Selected flow: conditioned cotton feedstock; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: accepted feedstock mass less separately recorded receiving rejects and sampling losses
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per receiving lot and per 1 kg delivered reference product
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_lot_mass_quality
Sources: iso-6741-1-1989

Process: Opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending (`opening_cleaning_blending`)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned cotton supplied to opening and cleaning (`opening_cotton_input`)

Keep the route destination and fibre-type/origin stratum attached to the transferred mass.

Flow name: conditioned cotton feedstock of one declared fibre-type stratum
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: one separately identified route/fibre-type lot; never an aggregate of materially different strata
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured transfer into opening/cleaning for the production lot
Range or uncertainty: foreground lot record required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_opening_route_records
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_opening_route_records; UUID unresolved
Selected flow: conditioned cotton feedstock; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured transfer into opening/cleaning for the production lot
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_opening_route_records
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending below 1 kV (`opening_electricity_lt1kv`)

Record submetered electricity or a documented equipment-level allocation for the same operating period.

Flow name: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is below 1 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output, separately by route destination and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional opening/cleaning electricity screening estimate; replace when representative submeter or equipment records are available
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 1–35 kV (`opening_electricity_1_35kv`)

Record submetered electricity or a documented equipment-level allocation for the same operating period.

Flow name: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 1–35 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output, separately by route destination and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional opening/cleaning electricity screening estimate; replace when representative submeter or equipment records are available
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 35–330 kV (`opening_electricity_35_330kv`)

Record submetered electricity or a documented equipment-level allocation for the same operating period.

Flow name: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 35–330 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers 4d0361a3-56cc-45f9-aa42-bb9103285bf9
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered electricity attributable to opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output, separately by route destination and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional opening/cleaning electricity screening estimate; replace when representative submeter or equipment records are available
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Opened and cleaned cotton blend transferred to carding (`opened_cleaned_cotton`)

The transfer record shall identify bale mix, fibre type/origin, opening/cleaning line, and destination route.

Flow name: opened and cleaned cotton of one declared fibre-type stratum
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: one separately identified route/fibre-type lot; never an aggregate of materially different strata
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per opening/cleaning lot
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured good output transferred to carding
Range or uncertainty: foreground lot record required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_opening_route_records
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_opening_route_records; UUID unresolved
Selected flow: opened and cleaned cotton; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured good output transferred to carding
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per opening/cleaning lot
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_opening_route_records
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023

Waste flows

Cotton plant fragment waste from opening and cleaning (`opening_nonfibrous_trash`)

Weigh cotton plant fragments removed during opening and cleaning. Do not combine them with mineral contamination, foreign manufactured objects, unusable cotton fibre, captured dust, packaging waste, or direct air releases. Add a separate atomic waste row for every other material actually removed.

Flow name: cotton plant fragment waste from opening and cleaning
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when non-fibrous trash is removed
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured cotton plant fragment waste mass by treatment destination
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with reviewed stratum-specific mass-balance evidence
Data source id: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Source id or status: cp_waste_and_dust_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: cotton plant fragment waste from opening and cleaning; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured cotton plant fragment waste mass by destination
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
Range: Provisional non-fibrous opening-trash QA screen; replace with reviewed stratum-specific mass-balance evidence
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output; not a typical or allowed value
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Unusable cotton fibre removed during opening and cleaning (`opening_unusable_cotton_fibre`)

Report only cotton fibre that leaves the foreground system as waste. Internally returned fibre and recovered material transferred as a product require separate product/internal-loop records and shall not be included here.

Flow name: unusable cotton fibre from opening and cleaning
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when cotton fibre is discarded as waste from opening/cleaning
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured unusable cotton fibre mass by waste destination, net of documented internal return
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with reviewed route/fibre-type mass balances
Data source id: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Source id or status: cp_waste_and_dust_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: unusable cotton fibre from opening and cleaning; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured unusable fibre mass by waste destination, net of documented internal return
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
Range: Provisional unusable-cotton-fibre QA screen; replace with reviewed route/fibre-type mass-balance evidence
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg opened cotton output; not a typical or allowed value
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Carding and route-required drawing (`carding_drawing`)

Inputs

Product flows

Opened cotton supplied to carding (`carding_cotton_input`)

Record the actual mass entering each carding line and preserve the declared route destination and fibre-type/origin stratum.

Flow name: opened and cleaned cotton of one declared fibre-type stratum
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: one separately identified route/fibre-type lot; never an aggregate of materially different strata
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured cotton mass entering carding
Range or uncertainty: foreground lot record required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_carding_drawing_records
Source id or status: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_carding_drawing_records; UUID unresolved
Selected flow: opened and cleaned cotton; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured cotton mass entering carding
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_carding_drawing_records
Sources: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer below 1 kV (`carding_electricity_lt1kv`)

Include line drives, route-required drawing, attributable suction, and material transfer; prevent double counting with site services.

Flow name: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by carding, route-required drawing, suction, and transfer only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is below 1 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for carding and route-required drawing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate, separately by route destination and fibre type
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional carding/drawing electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate for one declared stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 1–35 kV (`carding_electricity_1_35kv`)

Include line drives, route-required drawing, attributable suction, and material transfer; prevent double counting with site services.

Flow name: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by carding, route-required drawing, suction, and transfer only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 1–35 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for carding and route-required drawing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate, separately by route destination and fibre type
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional carding/drawing electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate for one declared stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 35–330 kV (`carding_electricity_35_330kv`)

Include line drives, route-required drawing, attributable suction, and material transfer; prevent double counting with site services.

Flow name: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: electricity consumed by carding, route-required drawing, suction, and transfer only; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 35–330 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of one declared route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers 4d0361a3-56cc-45f9-aa42-bb9103285bf9
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for carding and route-required drawing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate, separately by route destination and fibre type
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional carding/drawing electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter or equipment records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate for one declared stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Carded cotton output or combing intermediate (`carded_cotton_output`)

For route=carded, this is the saleable reference product when no later delivery-state process applies. For route=combed, it is an intermediate and shall not be counted as an additional final product.

Flow name: Cotton, carded or combed
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: final reference product only for route=carded; internal intermediate only for route=combed
UUID status: confirmed generic product flow
Quantity basis: per carding lot and per 1 kg final product of the declared route
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured good carded output; fixed to 1 kg only when it is the delivered reference product
Range or uncertainty: foreground measurement required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_carding_drawing_records
Source id or status: un-cpc-3-2025; osha-1910-262-textiles; confirmed UUID 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6
Selected flow: Cotton, carded or combed 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured good carded output; final reference amount is fixed to 1 kg only when this is the delivered product
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per carding lot and per 1 kg final product of the declared route
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_carding_drawing_records
Sources: osha-1910-262-textiles; un-cpc-3-2025

Waste flows

Unusable short cotton fibre from carding (`card_short_fibre_waste`)

Report cotton fibre that leaves the foreground system as waste. Internally returned or saleable recovered fibre is excluded from this waste row.

Flow name: unusable short cotton fibre from carding
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when short cotton fibre is discarded from carding/drawing
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured short-fibre waste mass by destination, net of documented internal return
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with reviewed route/fibre-type mass-balance evidence
Data source id: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Source id or status: cp_waste_and_dust_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: unusable short cotton fibre from carding; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured short-fibre waste mass by destination, net of documented internal return
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Sources: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
Range: Provisional card short-fibre waste QA screen; replace with reviewed route/fibre-type mass-balance evidence
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate; not a typical or allowed value
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Captured cotton dust from carding and drawing (`carding_captured_cotton_dust`)

Weigh dust collected by carding/drawing extraction systems separately from short-fibre waste and from particulate released to air.

Flow name: captured cotton dust from carding and drawing
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when dust is captured by carding/drawing extraction or housekeeping systems
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured captured cotton dust mass by collector and waste destination
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with collector-specific weighing records
Data source id: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Source id or status: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust; cp_waste_and_dust_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: captured cotton dust from carding and drawing; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured captured cotton dust mass by collector and destination
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_waste_and_dust_records
Sources: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
Range: Provisional captured cotton-dust QA screen; replace with collector-specific weighing records
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg carded cotton output/intermediate; not a typical or allowed value
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing (`combing_preparation`)

Inputs

Product flows

Carded cotton intermediate supplied to combing preparation (`combing_cotton_input`)

This row exists only for route=combed; retain the originating carding lot and fibre-type/origin stratum.

Flow name: carded cotton intermediate of one declared fibre-type stratum
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: route=combed only; one separately identified fibre-type lot
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping as an intermediate
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured carded cotton transferred into lap/sliver preparation and combing
Range or uncertainty: foreground lot record required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_combing_records
Source id or status: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_combing_records; UUID unresolved
Selected flow: carded cotton intermediate; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured carded cotton transferred into lap/sliver preparation and combing
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_combing_records
Sources: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction below 1 kV (`combing_electricity_lt1kv`)

Record this electricity only for the combed route and separately from carding energy.

Flow name: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: route=combed only; electricity consumed by combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer; the declared point-of-supply voltage is below 1 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of one declared fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative combing-line records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the declared fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional combing-route electricity screening estimate; replace with representative combing-line records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 3.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 1–35 kV (`combing_electricity_1_35kv`)

Record this electricity only for the combed route and separately from carding energy.

Flow name: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: route=combed only; electricity consumed by combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 1–35 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of one declared fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative combing-line records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the declared fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional combing-route electricity screening estimate; replace with representative combing-line records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 3.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 35–330 kV (`combing_electricity_35_330kv`)

Record this electricity only for the combed route and separately from carding energy.

Flow name: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: route=combed only; electricity consumed by combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 35–330 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of one declared fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: metered electricity or equipment-level causal allocation
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative combing-line records
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers 4d0361a3-56cc-45f9-aa42-bb9103285bf9
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: metered or documented equipment-allocated electricity for combing preparation, combing, post-combing drawing, suction, and transfer
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the declared fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional combing-route electricity screening estimate; replace with representative combing-line records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0.01
- Upper: 3.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output for one declared fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Combed cotton reference product (`combed_cotton_output`)

The output shall be measured after the final included drawing/conditioning step and before spinning.

Flow name: Cotton, carded or combed
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: final reference product for route=combed only
UUID status: confirmed generic product flow
Quantity basis: per combing production lot and fixed 1 kg reference amount
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured saleable combed cotton output normalized to 1 kg
Range or uncertainty: foreground measurement required; no category-wide numeric range asserted
Data source id: cp_combing_records
Source id or status: un-cpc-3-2025; osha-1910-262-textiles; confirmed UUID 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6
Selected flow: Cotton, carded or combed 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured saleable combed cotton output normalized to the fixed 1 kg reference amount
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per combing production lot
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_combing_records
Sources: un-cpc-3-2025; osha-1910-262-textiles

Recovered comber noils with functional value (`comber_noils_product`)

Use this product-flow row only when noils are deliberately recovered and transferred as a product with documented function and destination. Otherwise use the mutually exclusive waste row.

Flow name: recovered cotton comber noils
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: route=combed and noils have documented product status; mutually exclusive with comber_noils_waste
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same lot and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured recovered noils transferred as a product
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with reviewed combing-lot mass balances
Data source id: cp_combing_records
Source id or status: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-pef-2021-2279; cp_combing_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: recovered cotton comber noils; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured recovered noils transferred as a product
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same lot and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_combing_records
Sources: osha-1910-262-textiles; eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional noils-product QA screen; replace with reviewed combing-lot mass balances
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output; not a typical or allowed value
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Comber noils and rejects consigned as waste (`comber_noils_waste`)

Use this row only when the material has no product status in the reported transaction and is sent to a waste-management route; do not duplicate the product-flow row.

Flow name: cotton comber noils consigned as waste
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: route=combed and noils have waste status; mutually exclusive with comber_noils_product
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same lot and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured noils mass by waste destination
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with reviewed combing-lot mass balances
Data source id: cp_combing_records
Source id or status: osha-1910-262-textiles; cp_combing_records; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: cotton comber noils waste; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured noils/reject mass by waste destination
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output of the same lot and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_combing_records
Sources: osha-1910-262-textiles
Range: Provisional noils-waste QA screen; replace with reviewed combing-lot mass balances
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg combed cotton output; mutually exclusive with recovered noils reported as product
- Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Attributable site services, dust control, inspection, and packaging (`site_services_packaging`)

Inputs

Product flows

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment below 1 kV (`shared_electricity_lt1kv`)

Record only attributable lighting, HVAC/humidification, compressed air, dust collection, inspection, and packaging electricity not already included in equipment rows.

Flow name: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: residual electricity for the listed shared services only; no steam, fuel, compressed-air pseudo-flow, or refrigerant is included in this row; the declared point-of-supply voltage is below 1 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: submetered electricity or causal allocation using operating time, airflow, or equipment power
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter and allocation evidence
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, below 1 kV, consumption mix 50657322-939c-4829-a87b-47c093bfa6a7
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: submetered shared electricity or documented allocation using operating time, airflow, power, or another causal driver
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional shared-electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter and causal-allocation evidence
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product for one declared route/fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 1–35 kV (`shared_electricity_1_35kv`)

Record only attributable lighting, HVAC/humidification, compressed air, dust collection, inspection, and packaging electricity not already included in equipment rows.

Flow name: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: residual electricity for the listed shared services only; no steam, fuel, compressed-air pseudo-flow, or refrigerant is included in this row; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 1–35 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: submetered electricity or causal allocation using operating time, airflow, or equipment power
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter and allocation evidence
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 1–35 kV, consumption mix 3d76981f-964a-4865-b588-0e067a2a1163
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: submetered shared electricity or documented allocation using operating time, airflow, power, or another causal driver
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional shared-electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter and causal-allocation evidence
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product for one declared route/fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 35–330 kV (`shared_electricity_35_330kv`)

Record only attributable lighting, HVAC/humidification, compressed air, dust collection, inspection, and packaging electricity not already included in equipment rows.

Flow name: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: residual electricity for the listed shared services only; no steam, fuel, compressed-air pseudo-flow, or refrigerant is included in this row; the declared point-of-supply voltage is 35–330 kV and the location of supply is CN; mutually exclusive with the other voltage rows for this process
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.003; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Unit: kWh
Value or formula or rule: submetered electricity or causal allocation using operating time, airflow, or equipment power
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative submeter and allocation evidence
Data source id: cp_energy_and_services
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_energy_and_services; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed
Selected flow: alternating current, 35–330 kV, consumption mix to consumers 4d0361a3-56cc-45f9-aa42-bb9103285bf9
Flow property / unit: Net calorific value 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66 / kWh
Amount rule: submetered shared electricity or documented allocation using operating time, airflow, power, or another causal driver
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product, separately by route and fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_energy_and_services
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional shared-electricity screening estimate; replace with representative submeter and causal-allocation evidence
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 2.00
- Unit: kWh
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product for one declared route/fibre-type stratum
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Water for humidification and fibre conditioning (`conditioning_water`)

Include only water consumed or discharged by the declared process; do not infer wet processing for a normally dry preparation route.

Flow name: Process Water
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: only when metered water is used for humidification or fibre conditioning; excludes wet pretreatment
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.001; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product for the served route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: metered makeup water less measured return where applicable
Range or uncertainty: provisional reasoned_estimate screen below; replace with representative meter records
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: Process Water 94a04f7e-2d5c-41f0-b182-d54a3b373a02
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: metered makeup water less measured return where applicable
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product for the served route/fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional dry-route conditioning-water screening estimate; replace with representative meter records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 1.00
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product; excludes wet pretreatment
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Polyethylene film packaging for delivered product (`polyethylene_film_packaging`)

Record polyethylene film/bag only when it crosses the facility gate with the product; do not combine it with paper, wood, or steel packaging.

Flow name: Polyethylene film
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: when PE film or bags are used for the delivered product
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.001; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured or purchase-reconciled PE film/bag mass assigned to the shipped lot
Range or uncertainty: provisional packaging screen below; replace with bill-of-materials or shipment records
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: Polyethylene film e64eb06c-6dc9-45f1-b003-3dc6c44b27e2
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured or purchase-reconciled PE film/bag mass assigned to the shipped product lot
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional PE-film packaging-mass screening estimate; replace with bill-of-materials or shipment records
- Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 0.20
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product; zero applies only to unpackaged bulk delivery
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Corrugated paperboard packaging for delivered product (`corrugated_paperboard_packaging`)

Record corrugated paperboard only when used; do not combine it with polyethylene, wood, or steel packaging.

Flow name: Corrugated cardboard
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: when corrugated paperboard is used for the delivered product and matches the verified platform identity: type C, E, or F; fibre content at least 80%; multi-layer; contains recycled material; and recyclable. Otherwise, add or map a separate atomic row for the actual board.
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.001; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured or purchase-reconciled corrugated paperboard mass assigned to the shipped lot
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; bill-of-materials or shipment record required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed; foreground record required
Selected flow: Corrugated cardboard 8bde297e-98df-463f-bcb4-0db52bf6e0b5
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured or purchase-reconciled corrugated paperboard mass assigned to the shipped product lot
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Wooden pallet for delivered product (`wooden_pallet_packaging`)

Record pallet mass and reuse cycle only when a wooden pallet crosses the gate with the product.

Flow name: Wooden pallets
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: when a wooden pallet is used for the delivered product
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.001; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product and declared pallet reuse cycle
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: pallet mass divided by documented loaded product mass and verified reuse cycles where applicable
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; shipment and reuse records required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed; foreground calculation required
Selected flow: Wooden pallets e882bdf4-1cf6-4f51-93e9-c6b91855ba02
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: pallet mass assigned by loaded product mass and documented reuse cycles
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Steel bale strap for delivered product (`steel_bale_strap_packaging`)

Record steel straps/ties only when they cross the facility gate with the delivered product.

Flow name: Steel baling band
Direction: Inputs (inputs)
Flow type: Product (product)
Applicability / condition: when steel bale straps or ties are used for the delivered product and match the verified platform composition of 99% Fe and 1% C. Otherwise, add or map a separate atomic row for the actual band.
UUID status: confirmed by Tiangong direct read; version 01.01.001; state_code=100; Product flow
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured or purchase-reconciled steel strap/tie mass assigned to the shipped lot
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; bill-of-materials or shipment record required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; flow-hybrid-search candidate verified by Tiangong CLI flow get; UUID confirmed; foreground record required
Selected flow: Steel baling band 56fe4f71-b594-4b55-8553-c87f2516737d
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured or purchase-reconciled steel strap/tie mass assigned to the shipped product lot
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Outputs

Elementary flows

Direct cotton particulate released to air (`cotton_particulate_to_air`)

Report measured or mass-balance-derived environmental releases by point source and fugitive route. Do not substitute occupational exposure concentration for an emission mass.

Flow name: cotton particulate matter released to air
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Elementary (elementary)
Applicability / condition: direct point-source or fugitive environmental release from included cotton handling
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground elementary-flow mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product for the monitored route/fibre-type stratum
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured emission or concentration × airflow × time with method-consistent corrections
Range or uncertainty: provisional QA screen below; replace with environmental emission measurements and capture data
Data source id: cp_environmental_dust_release
Source id or status: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023; cp_environmental_dust_release; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: particulate matter to air from cotton handling; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: environmental emission measurement or released dust calculated from inlet loading, capture efficiency, airflow, and operating time
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product for the monitored route/fibre-type stratum
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_environmental_dust_release
Sources: osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust; eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
Range: Provisional particulate-release QA screen; replace with environmental emission measurements and documented capture data
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 0.10
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product; not an occupational limit or allowed emission
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Waste polyethylene film (`waste_polyethylene_film`)

Report discarded polyethylene film/bag separately by actual recycling or treatment route.

Flow name: waste polyethylene film
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when PE packaging becomes waste inside the foreground boundary
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured waste PE film/bag mass net of documented onsite reuse
Range or uncertainty: provisional waste-packaging screen below; replace with representative waste-ticket and packaging-balance records
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; UUID unresolved; provisional range is reasoned_estimate
Selected flow: waste polyethylene film; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured waste PE film/bag mass net of documented onsite reuse
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279
Range: Provisional waste-PE-film QA screen; replace with representative waste-ticket and packaging-balance records
- Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
- Lower: 0
- Upper: 0.20
- Unit: kg
- Basis: per 1 kg delivered product
- Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
- Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste corrugated paperboard (`waste_corrugated_paperboard`)

Report discarded corrugated paperboard separately by actual recycling or treatment route.

Flow name: waste corrugated paperboard
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when corrugated paperboard becomes waste inside the foreground boundary
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured waste corrugated paperboard mass net of documented onsite reuse
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; waste-ticket or mass-balance record required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; UUID unresolved; foreground record required
Selected flow: waste corrugated paperboard; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured waste corrugated paperboard mass net of documented onsite reuse
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Discarded wooden pallet (`discarded_wooden_pallet`)

Report wooden pallets discarded inside the boundary separately from reusable pallets still in circulation.

Flow name: discarded wooden pallet
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when a wooden pallet is discarded inside the foreground boundary
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured discarded pallet mass assigned to the served product lot
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; waste and pallet-cycle records required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; UUID unresolved; foreground record required
Selected flow: discarded wooden pallet; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured discarded pallet mass assigned to the served product lot
Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Waste steel bale strap (`waste_steel_bale_strap`)

Report discarded steel bale straps/ties separately by actual recycling or treatment route.

Flow name: waste steel bale strap
Direction: Outputs (outputs)
Flow type: Waste (waste)
Applicability / condition: when steel bale straps or ties become waste inside the foreground boundary
UUID status: unresolved; requires foreground mapping
Quantity basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Unit: kg
Value or formula or rule: measured waste steel strap/tie mass net of documented onsite reuse
Range or uncertainty: no category-wide numeric range asserted; waste-ticket or mass-balance record required
Data source id: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Source id or status: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging; UUID unresolved; foreground record required
Selected flow: waste steel bale strap; Tiangong UUID unresolved
Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
Amount rule: measured waste steel strap/tie mass net of documented onsite reuse
Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
Normalization basis: per 1 kg delivered product
Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
Collection protocol: cp_water_auxiliary_packaging
Sources: eu-pef-2021-2279

Raw downloads

These files are byte-identical to the canonical files for this revision in the repository.

pcr.en-US.md112 KB · b61304c091f5…
manifest.yaml8.0 KB · fc5a5d738728…
pcr.zh-CN.md98 KB · 86d226baba50…
structured.yaml88 KB · a6fa6c374d01…

Structured rule index

This index comes from verified structured.yaml and retains the canonical English rule text.

System boundary rules · 9

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`sb_foreground_gate`	foreground_system	Include all on-site operations attributable to the saleable prepared-cotton output from declared receiving condition through opening/cleaning/blending, carding, route-required drawing, conditional combing preparation and combing, suction and dust collection, internal transfer, quality control, and packaging.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023, osha-1910-262-textiles
`sb_route_condition`	production_route	Carding is required for both declared routes. Include lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing only for a combed output; do not assign combing losses or energy to a carded output.	eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023, osha-1910-262-textiles
`sb_fibre_condition`	fibre_type_origin	Model materially different cotton fibre types and virgin versus reclaimed/recycled feedstocks as separate foreground strata. Do not use an unconditional average across them.	usda-ams-cotton-classing, eu-pef-2021-2279
`sb_recycled_route`	reclaimed_recycled_cotton	Include onsite sorting, cutting, tearing, willowing, garnetting, or additional cleaning only when performed and when the delivered product classification is confirmed. Report off-site preparation through an upstream dataset.	osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust, osha-1910-262-textiles, un-cpc-3-2025
`sb_upstream_exclusion`	upstream_supply	Exclude cultivation, harvesting, ginning, transport to the facility, and off-site recycled-feedstock preparation from the foreground gate-to-gate process, but require explicit upstream product flows/datasets when a downstream life-cycle model is built.	un-cpc-3-2025, eu-pef-2021-2279
`sb_downstream_exclusion`	downstream_operations	Exclude roving, spinning, twisting, winding, wet pretreatment, dyeing, printing, finishing, fabric manufacture, distribution, use, and end of life unless a broader study adds them as separately identified downstream processes.	eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023, un-cpc-3-2025
`sb_dust_and_waste`	emissions_and_waste	Include captured fibre/trash/dust, direct particulate releases, noils, packaging waste, and treatment routes. Keep occupational exposure measurements separate from environmental emission inventory.	osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust, eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
`sb_atomic_flows`	all_inventory_rows	Represent each material, energy carrier, named chemical, product, waste, and elementary release as one atomic flow row. Electricity rows do not include steam, natural gas, diesel, LPG, compressed-air service, refrigerant makeup, or heat. No category-wide chemical input is assumed; if a facility uses a named conditioning agent, lubricant, cleaning chemical, fuel, refrigerant, or other carrier, add one conditional atomic row per substance/carrier with its own quantity, unit, protocol, source status, and UUID status.	eu-pef-2021-2279
`sb_no_hidden_cutoff`	inventory_completeness	Do not omit a material or energy flow merely because no default factor exists. Record the foreground requirement, proxy, exclusion, or unresolved gap and assess its significance.	eu-pef-2021-2279

Allocation rules · 6

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`alloc_subdivide_first`	multi_route_and_multi_fibre_production	Avoid allocation by subdividing carded and combed routes, materially different cotton fibre types/origins, and separately metered operations. Retain the disaggregated foreground records.	eu-pef-2021-2279
`alloc_internal_return`	internally_returned_fibre	Treat fibre returned to the same production system as an internal loop: subtract it from gross waste and do not create a second product or avoided-burden credit. Record loop mass and any additional processing energy.	eu-pef-2021-2279
`alloc_noils_status`	comber_noils_and_recovered_fibre	Determine and document product or waste status from the actual transaction, function, and destination. Use mutually exclusive inventory rows and do not count the same mass as both product and waste.	osha-1910-262-textiles, eu-pef-2021-2279
`alloc_physical_then_economic`	inseparable_coproducts	When subdivision cannot resolve burdens, use a documented physical relationship only when it reflects the causal process. Otherwise use economic allocation based on a consistent representative price period and disclose a sensitivity result. Never use an unexplained fixed split.	eu-pef-2021-2279
`alloc_shared_services`	electricity_hvac_dust_collection_and_packaging	Allocate shared services with causal drivers such as metered consumption, equipment power and runtime, airflow, processed mass, or packaging bill of materials. Production mass alone is allowed only when no better driver exists and its limitation is disclosed.	eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
`alloc_recycling_boundary`	recovered_inputs_and_outputs	Record recovered cotton inputs and recovered outputs at the foreground boundary without an avoided-burden credit. A broader life-cycle study may apply its declared recycling method outside this gate-to-gate dataset, with no double counting.	eu-pef-2021-2279

Validation rules · 12

Rule ID	Applies to	Rule	Source IDs
`val_reference_uuid`	reference_flow	Confirm product flow UUID 93976740-418a-40e3-8901-dbc34f0acdc6, Mass UUID 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66, Units of mass UUID 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66, and unit kg; fail if substituted or version text is stored as part of a UUID.
`val_required_qualifiers`	dataset_identity	Fail completeness when route, presentation, fibre type/origin, moisture/mass basis, site, technology, period, or product/waste status is missing.	un-cpc-3-2025, usda-ams-cotton-classing, iso-6741-1-1989
`val_route_separation`	process_inventory	Confirm combing processes, energy, and noils appear only for route=combed; confirm carded and combed records are not unconditionally averaged.	eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023, osha-1910-262-textiles
`val_fibre_separation`	process_inventory	Confirm materially different cotton fibre types/origins are separate or that a documented materiality assessment justifies aggregation; a generic category average without retained strata fails.	usda-ams-cotton-classing, eu-pef-2021-2279
`val_mass_basis`	mass_inventory	Confirm all cotton, noils, and waste masses use one declared moisture/commercial-mass basis or carry traceable conversions.	iso-6741-1-1989
`val_mass_balance`	each_process_and_total	Reconcile each process and total route; report residual and investigate material imbalance instead of forcing it to zero by changing the reference output.
`val_energy_no_double_count`	energy_inventory	Confirm equipment electricity and shared services cover the same production period and are not double counted; retain causal allocation evidence.	eu-pef-2021-2279, eu-jrc-txt-bref-2023
`val_noils_exclusivity`	coproduct_and_waste_inventory	Confirm comber noils mass is reported as recovered product or waste, not both, and that any allocation method follows the declared hierarchy.	eu-pef-2021-2279, osha-1910-262-textiles
`val_dust_evidence`	cotton_dust_and_particulate	Confirm captured dust and direct releases are separately reported. Reject conversion of occupational concentration or PEL into environmental emission mass without airflow, duration, and release-point evidence.	osha-1910-1043-cotton-dust
`val_reasoned_estimates`	quantitative_ranges	Confirm every reasoned estimate is labelled provisional, is not treated as an allowed or typical industry interval, is applied only to its stated route/fibre-type stratum, and has a replacement trigger.
`val_source_scope`	modelling_claims	Confirm no source is used beyond its stated purpose and limitation and that source ids resolve to the Data Sources table.
`val_atomic_flows`	process_inventory	Fail when an inventory row is a collection or category pseudo-flow, including combined energy carriers, water-and-chemicals, wastewater-and-residues, generic packaging, or grouped emissions. Confirm every row has one flow name, direction, flow type, quantity basis, unit, value/formula/rule, range/uncertainty statement, collection protocol or data source id, source/status, and confirmed or unresolved UUID status.	eu-pef-2021-2279

Processes and inputs/outputs · 5

Process ID	Process name	Input flows	Output flows
`receiving_conditioning`	Feedstock receiving and conditioning	3	1
`opening_cleaning_blending`	Opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending	4	3
`carding_drawing`	Carding and route-required drawing	4	3
`combing_preparation`	Lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing	4	3
`site_services_packaging`	Attributable site services, dust control, inspection, and packaging	8	5

Complete field inspector

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Cotton, carded or combed

Content languages

Readiness

Classification mapping

Source

1. Scope and Applicability

2. Product Category Identity

3. Reference Flow

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Normative System Boundary Rules

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

Process: Feedstock receiving and conditioning (receiving_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Virgin Upland ginned cotton feedstock (virgin_upland_cotton_feedstock)

Virgin extra-long-staple ginned cotton feedstock, including Pima (virgin_els_pima_cotton_feedstock)

Reclaimed cotton fibre feedstock (reclaimed_cotton_feedstock)

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned feedstock released to opening (conditioned_feedstock)

Process: Opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending (opening_cleaning_blending)

Inputs

Product flows

Conditioned cotton supplied to opening and cleaning (opening_cotton_input)

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending below 1 kV (opening_electricity_lt1kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 1–35 kV (opening_electricity_1_35kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 35–330 kV (opening_electricity_35_330kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Opened and cleaned cotton blend transferred to carding (opened_cleaned_cotton)

Waste flows

Cotton plant fragment waste from opening and cleaning (opening_nonfibrous_trash)

Unusable cotton fibre removed during opening and cleaning (opening_unusable_cotton_fibre)

Process: Carding and route-required drawing (carding_drawing)

Inputs

Product flows

Opened cotton supplied to carding (carding_cotton_input)

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer below 1 kV (carding_electricity_lt1kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 1–35 kV (carding_electricity_1_35kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 35–330 kV (carding_electricity_35_330kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Carded cotton output or combing intermediate (carded_cotton_output)

Waste flows

Unusable short cotton fibre from carding (card_short_fibre_waste)

Captured cotton dust from carding and drawing (carding_captured_cotton_dust)

Process: Lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing (combing_preparation)

Inputs

Product flows

Carded cotton intermediate supplied to combing preparation (combing_cotton_input)

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction below 1 kV (combing_electricity_lt1kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 1–35 kV (combing_electricity_1_35kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 35–330 kV (combing_electricity_35_330kv)

Outputs

Product flows

Combed cotton reference product (combed_cotton_output)

Recovered comber noils with functional value (comber_noils_product)

Waste flows

Comber noils and rejects consigned as waste (comber_noils_waste)

Process: Attributable site services, dust control, inspection, and packaging (site_services_packaging)

Inputs

Product flows

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment below 1 kV (shared_electricity_lt1kv)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 1–35 kV (shared_electricity_1_35kv)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 35–330 kV (shared_electricity_35_330kv)

Process: Feedstock receiving and conditioning (`receiving_conditioning`)

Virgin Upland ginned cotton feedstock (`virgin_upland_cotton_feedstock`)

Virgin extra-long-staple ginned cotton feedstock, including Pima (`virgin_els_pima_cotton_feedstock`)

Reclaimed cotton fibre feedstock (`reclaimed_cotton_feedstock`)

Conditioned feedstock released to opening (`conditioned_feedstock`)

Process: Opening, cleaning, and lot-specific blending (`opening_cleaning_blending`)

Conditioned cotton supplied to opening and cleaning (`opening_cotton_input`)

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending below 1 kV (`opening_electricity_lt1kv`)

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 1–35 kV (`opening_electricity_1_35kv`)

Electricity for opening, cleaning, conveying, and blending at 35–330 kV (`opening_electricity_35_330kv`)

Opened and cleaned cotton blend transferred to carding (`opened_cleaned_cotton`)

Cotton plant fragment waste from opening and cleaning (`opening_nonfibrous_trash`)

Unusable cotton fibre removed during opening and cleaning (`opening_unusable_cotton_fibre`)

Process: Carding and route-required drawing (`carding_drawing`)

Opened cotton supplied to carding (`carding_cotton_input`)

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer below 1 kV (`carding_electricity_lt1kv`)

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 1–35 kV (`carding_electricity_1_35kv`)

Electricity for carding, drawing, suction, and transfer at 35–330 kV (`carding_electricity_35_330kv`)

Carded cotton output or combing intermediate (`carded_cotton_output`)

Unusable short cotton fibre from carding (`card_short_fibre_waste`)

Captured cotton dust from carding and drawing (`carding_captured_cotton_dust`)

Process: Lap/sliver preparation, combing, and post-combing drawing (`combing_preparation`)

Carded cotton intermediate supplied to combing preparation (`combing_cotton_input`)

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction below 1 kV (`combing_electricity_lt1kv`)

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 1–35 kV (`combing_electricity_1_35kv`)

Electricity for combing preparation, combing, drawing, and suction at 35–330 kV (`combing_electricity_35_330kv`)

Combed cotton reference product (`combed_cotton_output`)

Recovered comber noils with functional value (`comber_noils_product`)

Comber noils and rejects consigned as waste (`comber_noils_waste`)

Process: Attributable site services, dust control, inspection, and packaging (`site_services_packaging`)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment below 1 kV (`shared_electricity_lt1kv`)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 1–35 kV (`shared_electricity_1_35kv`)

Shared electricity not already assigned to production equipment at 35–330 kV (`shared_electricity_35_330kv`)

Water for humidification and fibre conditioning (`conditioning_water`)

Polyethylene film packaging for delivered product (`polyethylene_film_packaging`)

Corrugated paperboard packaging for delivered product (`corrugated_paperboard_packaging`)

Wooden pallet for delivered product (`wooden_pallet_packaging`)

Steel bale strap for delivered product (`steel_bale_strap_packaging`)

Direct cotton particulate released to air (`cotton_particulate_to_air`)

Waste polyethylene film (`waste_polyethylene_film`)

Waste corrugated paperboard (`waste_corrugated_paperboard`)

Discarded wooden pallet (`discarded_wooden_pallet`)

Waste steel bale strap (`waste_steel_bale_strap`)