Felt

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR applies to unmade-up felt classified as CPC 27921 at the factory gate, including wool or other animal-fibre felt formed by wet felting/fulling and dry mechanically entangled felt when sold as felt. It covers single-fibre and blended products, with or without a declared binder or finish, supplied in rolls, sheets, pads, or cut industrial lengths before conversion into a separately classified article.

The PCR excludes nonwovens classified as CPC 27922, felt floor coverings, garments, hat bodies and finished headgear, made-up technical articles, coated or impregnated fabrics classified elsewhere, paper felt, and downstream fabrication into a final article. A producer shall declare the fibre composition, felt-forming route, basis weight, thickness test condition, binder or finish add-on, recycled content, moisture/conditioning basis, and packaging inclusion. The process map is a data-collection model; route-inapplicable cards are omitted with documented justification rather than assigned zero by default. unsd-cpc-3-2025, us-epa-textile-study-1979, and us-epa-textile-development-1982 support the category boundary and route decomposition.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.textile-articles-other-than-apparel.felt
classification_refs	CPC 3.0: 27921 Felt
covered_products	Unmade-up felt in rolls, sheets, pads, or industrial cut lengths, made by wet felting/fulling or mechanical needling and sold as felt
excluded_products	CPC 27922 nonwovens; felt floor coverings; felt garments or headgear; made-up technical articles; paper felt; coated or impregnated textile fabrics classified elsewhere
representative_product	Factory-gate finished felt with declared fibre composition, forming route, basis weight, thickness, finish, and packaging state
production_route	Fibre receipt, opening/blending and web or batt formation; conditional needle felting or wet felting/fulling; drying, finishing, inspection, cutting and packing
market_state	Conditioned, dry-basis-declared finished felt at plant gate, packaged or unpackaged as declared

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	Supply of finished felt meeting the declared fibre composition, construction, and performance specification
How much	1 kg finished felt on the declared conditioned or dry-mass basis
How well	Conforms to the declared basis weight, thickness under stated pressure, fibre composition, route, binder/finish add-on, and acceptance specification
How long or cycle	One production lot at the factory gate; no use-life equivalence is asserted
reference_flow_link	The net accepted mass of finished felt leaving final inspection and included in the declared packaging state

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Felt 144717eb-3301-402a-89c8-3ba5a969425a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	textile fibre name and percentage by mass; virgin/recycled share; wet-felted/fulled or needle-felted route; basis weight in g/m2; thickness in mm and applied pressure/test method; moisture/conditioning basis; binder and finish identity/add-on; colour or dyeing state; roll/sheet dimensions; packaging inclusion; production geography and reference period

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	Finished felt	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Normalize all foreground exchanges to 1 kg of accepted finished felt on the declared conditioned or dry-mass basis; state which basis is used.
basis_weight	Finished felt specification	Mass per unit area	g/m2	Determine and report mass per unit area using ISO 9073-1:2023 when applicable to the tested construction, or a declared equivalent validated method.
felt_thickness	Finished felt specification	Length	mm	Report thickness together with applied pressure and test method; ISO 9073-2:1995 applies when the construction falls within its nonwoven scope.
conditioning_basis	Physical testing and reference mass	Temperature and relative humidity	degC and % RH	Condition and test textile specimens using ISO 139:2005 or disclose the agreed alternative atmosphere; do not mix conditioned and oven-dry masses without conversion.
fibre_composition	Finished felt and fibre inputs	Mass fraction	% by mass	Use the applicable regulated textile fibre names and retain the sampling, analysis method, result, and accuracy evidence used to establish composition.

5. System Boundary

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	Textile fibres and any binder, processing chemical, packaging component, purchased energy carrier, and water are received at the felt manufacturing site with supplier identity and mass state declared.
starting_condition_role	These received inputs start foreground manufacture; their production remains in linked upstream datasets.
product_classification_scope	Foreground output is unmade-up felt within CPC 27921, before conversion into carpets, garments, headgear, or other made-up articles.
recursive_input_rule	Internally produced felt webs and felt intermediates remain linked foreground exchanges; purchased felt used as an input is recorded as a distinct upstream product and is not relabelled as fibre.
upstream_dataset_requirement	Link composition- and geography-appropriate datasets for each purchased fibre, chemical, water supply, fuel, electricity supply, and packaging material.
disclosure	Declare fibre composition and origin, recycled share, production route, wet-processing operations, binder/finish recipe, energy supply, water source, waste destinations, allocation, mass basis, packaging boundary, geography, and reference period.

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_gate_to_gate	Foreground felt manufacture	Include receipt and handling of inputs, fibre preparation, web/batt formation, the applicable felting route, drying, finishing, inspection, cutting, rework, waste handling, and packing through accepted factory-gate felt.	us-epa-textile-study-1979; us-epa-textile-development-1982
boundary_route_disclosure	Conditional operations	Include wet fulling, washing, dyeing, binder application, thermal treatment, and on-site combustion only when performed; disclose excluded route steps and the evidence for non-applicability.	ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023; us-epa-textile-development-1982
boundary_upstream_links	Purchased inputs	Model upstream production in linked datasets rather than duplicating it in the foreground process, and preserve supplier/geography/technology matching.	ec-pef-method-2021; iso-14044-2006

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
p_fibre_web	Fibre preparation and web or batt formation	required	All felt production	Receive, open, blend, card and form the declared fibre web or batt	1 kg accepted finished felt
p_needle_felting	Mechanical needle felting	conditional	Declared needle-felted route	Mechanically entangle the fibre web with barbed needles	1 kg accepted finished felt
p_wet_felting	Wet felting and fulling	conditional	Declared wet-felted or fulled route	Interlock feltable fibres through mechanical working, moisture, heat and any declared chemical aid	1 kg accepted finished felt
p_finishing_packing	Drying, finishing, inspection, cutting and packing	required	All felt production; individual finish and fuel cards remain conditional	Bring felt to declared sale specification and factory-gate state	1 kg accepted finished felt

Process: Fibre preparation and web or batt formation (p_fibre_web)

Inputs

Product flows

Wool fibre received for felt production (raw_wool_fibre)

Record wool fibre only for products whose declared composition contains wool; preserve grade, origin, recycled share, clean/greasy state, and moisture basis.

• Selected flow: Wool fibre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net wool fibre issued to the production lot, adjusted for stock change and returned material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_receipts
• Sources: eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011; us-epa-textile-study-1979

Polyester staple fibre received for felt production (polyester_staple_fibre)

Record polyester staple fibre only when present, including polymer grade, fibre dimensions, recycled share, and supplier lot.

• Selected flow: Polyester staple fibre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net polyester staple fibre issued to the production lot, adjusted for stock change and returned material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_receipts
• Sources: eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011; us-epa-textile-study-1979

Viscose staple fibre received for felt production (viscose_staple_fibre)

Record viscose staple fibre only when present, including fibre dimensions, supplier grade, and recycled or recovered content claim.

• Selected flow: Viscose staple fibre
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net viscose staple fibre issued to the production lot, adjusted for stock change and returned material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_receipts
• Sources: eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011; us-epa-textile-study-1979

Electricity for opening, blending and web formation (electricity_fibre_prep)

Record metered electricity consumed by fibre opening, blending, carding, web laying, dust extraction, and directly associated auxiliaries.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: allocated submeter reading for the production lot or period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_prep_electricity
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Prepared fibre web or batt (prepared_fibre_web)

Record the measured intermediate transferred to the applicable felting route, with fibre blend and web construction linked to the lot.

• Selected flow: Prepared textile fibre web
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured web or batt mass transferred from fibre preparation
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_web_output
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979

Waste flows

Fibre preparation waste (fibre_preparation_waste)

Record collected fibre loss from opening, carding, web formation, filters, and housekeeping separately from material internally returned to production.

• Selected flow: Textile fibre preparation waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste dispatched from the process after subtracting documented internal reuse
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_prep_waste
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

Particulate matter released during fibre preparation (particulate_matter_fibre_prep)

Record only measured or permit-supported particulate release after abatement, with particle fraction and air compartment stated.

• Selected flow: Particulate matter to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored or tested particulate release for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fibre_prep_pm
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Process: Mechanical needle felting (p_needle_felting)

Inputs

Product flows

Prepared fibre web entering needling (prepared_web_input)

Record the specific prepared web transferred into the needle loom and link it to the corresponding output from p_fibre_web.

• Selected flow: Prepared textile fibre web
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured web mass entering the needle-felting line
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_needling_material
• Sources: us-epa-needle-punched-filtration-1976

Electricity for needle felting (electricity_needling)

Record electricity consumed by pre-needling, needle looms, conveyors, extraction, and directly associated controls.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: allocated submeter reading for the needling production lot or period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_needling_electricity
• Sources: us-epa-needle-punched-filtration-1976

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Needle-felted intermediate (needle_felt_intermediate)

Record the intermediate leaving needling with punch density, penetration, number of passes, basis weight, and width linked to the lot.

• Selected flow: Needle-felted textile intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured intermediate mass transferred to finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_needling_outputs
• Sources: us-epa-needle-punched-filtration-1976

Waste flows

Needle-line trim and reject waste (needle_trim_waste)

Record edge trim, start-up material, broken-web reject, and off-spec needled material leaving the process after documented internal reuse.

• Selected flow: Needle-felt textile waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste dispatched from the needle-felting process
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_needling_outputs
• Sources: us-epa-needle-punched-filtration-1976

Elementary flows

Process: Wet felting and fulling (p_wet_felting)

Inputs

Product flows

Wool-rich batt entering wet felting (wool_batt_input)

Record the declared wool-rich batt transferred into wet felting or fulling, including blend, conditioning state, and internal transfer identity.

• Selected flow: Wool-rich textile fibre batt
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured batt mass entering wet felting or fulling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_materials
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979

Process water for wet felting and washing (process_water_wet_felting)

Record supplied water entering wetting, fulling, washing, and rinsing within this process; do not net wastewater against intake.

• Selected flow: Process water
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: process submeter reading or tank-volume record for the production lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_water
• Sources: us-epa-textile-development-1982; ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Sodium carbonate used as wet-felting aid (sodium_carbonate_wet_felting)

Record sodium carbonate only when the approved product recipe uses it; retain chemical grade, concentration, and issue record.

• Selected flow: Sodium carbonate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net chemical issued to the wet-felting lot
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_materials
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979

Purchased steam for wet felting (steam_wet_felting)

Record purchased steam only when it crosses the site boundary for bath heating; state pressure and condensate treatment.

• Selected flow: Steam
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered steam supplied to wet felting and fulling
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_steam
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Wet-felted intermediate (wet_felt_intermediate)

Record the felt leaving wet felting/fulling with shrinkage, moisture, washing status, and mass basis linked to the lot.

• Selected flow: Wet-felted textile intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured intermediate mass transferred to drying and finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_outputs_waste
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979; us-epa-textile-development-1982

Waste flows

Wet-felting wastewater (wet_felting_wastewater)

Record the wastewater transferred to on-site or off-site treatment from wetting, fulling, washing, and rinsing.

• Selected flow: Wet-felting wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured discharge volume associated with the wet-felting production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_outputs_waste
• Sources: us-epa-textile-development-1982; ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Wool-fibre sludge from wet processing (wool_fibre_sludge)

Record captured fibre solids and treatment sludge separately from liquid wastewater, with destination documented.

• Selected flow: Wool-fibre wet-processing sludge
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured wet and dry solids mass dispatched, with the reported mass basis stated
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_wet_outputs_waste
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

Process: Drying, finishing, inspection, cutting and packing (p_finishing_packing)

Inputs

Product flows

Needle-felted intermediate entering finishing (needle_felt_input_finishing)

Record this input only for the needle-felted route and link it to the corresponding process output.

• Selected flow: Needle-felted textile intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured intermediate mass entering finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979

Wet-felted intermediate entering finishing (wet_felt_input_finishing)

Record this input only for the wet-felted route and link it to the corresponding process output.

• Selected flow: Wet-felted textile intermediate
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured intermediate mass entering drying and finishing
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-textile-development-1982

Electricity for drying, finishing and packing (electricity_finishing)

Record metered electricity for dryers, calendars, presses, cutters, extraction, inspection, and packing equipment.

• Selected flow: Electricity
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: allocated submeter reading for the finishing production lot or period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Natural gas combusted for drying (natural_gas_drying)

Record natural gas only where it is combusted within the foreground boundary for drying or heat setting.

• Selected flow: Natural gas
• Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ
• Amount rule: metered gas consumption using the recorded lower or higher heating-value basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_energy
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Acrylic latex binder applied in finishing (acrylic_latex_binder)

Record acrylic latex binder only when present, using supplied wet mass and separately declared solids fraction.

• Selected flow: Acrylic latex binder
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured net wet binder issued to the lot, with solids content retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_materials
• Sources: us-epa-textile-study-1979

Corrugated paperboard box used for felt (corrugated_paperboard_box)

Record corrugated boxes only when included in the declared factory-gate packaging state.

• Selected flow: Corrugated paperboard box
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured packaging mass issued to accepted finished felt
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources: ec-pef-method-2021

Low-density polyethylene packaging film used for felt (ldpe_packaging_film)

Record LDPE film only when included in the declared factory-gate packaging state.

• Selected flow: Low-density polyethylene packaging film
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured film mass issued to accepted finished felt
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging
• Sources: ec-pef-method-2021

Waste flows

Elementary flows

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted finished felt (finished_felt)

Record only saleable felt passing final inspection; rejected material belongs in the separate waste or rework record.

• Selected flow: Felt 144717eb-3301-402a-89c8-3ba5a969425a
• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg
• Amount rule: measured net accepted mass on the declared conditioning basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finished_felt
• Sources: unsd-cpc-3-2025; iso-9073-1-2023; iso-139-2005

Waste flows

Felt cutting offcuts and rejected finished felt (felt_offcuts)

Record cutting offcuts and off-spec finished felt dispatched from the process after subtracting documented internal rework.

• Selected flow: Felt offcut waste
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured waste mass by destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Finishing wastewater (finishing_wastewater)

Record finishing and equipment-cleaning wastewater only when wet finishing or binder cleanup occurs in this process.

• Selected flow: Textile finishing wastewater
• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3
• Amount rule: measured wastewater transferred to treatment for the finishing production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_finishing_wastes
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Elementary flows

Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site natural-gas drying (carbon_dioxide_fossil_drying)

Record stack-measured fossil carbon dioxide when natural gas is combusted within the foreground boundary.

• Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured stack emission for the production period; do not substitute an unsourced generic factor
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

Nitrogen oxides from on-site natural-gas drying (nitrogen_oxides_drying)

Record monitored nitrogen oxides with the reported species convention and air compartment when on-site combustion occurs.

• Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: monitored stack emission for the production period
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted finished felt
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_combustion_emissions
• Sources: ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid	Shared equipment, utilities and treatment	First subdivide by line, process, lot, meter, time record, or treatment campaign so allocation is avoided wherever practicable.	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021
allocation_physical	Unavoidable shared foreground exchanges	If subdivision is not practicable, allocate using a documented physical causal driver such as machine time, metered energy, bath volume, or treated mass; do not default to economic allocation without justification.	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021
allocation_rework	Internally recycled web, edge trim and off-spec felt	Keep internal rework inside the foreground system and report gross generation and returned mass separately; assign no avoided-product credit within the foreground inventory.	ec-pef-method-2021
allocation_external_recycling	Material leaving for recycling	Record the actual waste flow and destination; apply any end-of-life or recycled-content treatment only in the downstream study method and disclose it separately from foreground measured mass.	ec-pef-method-2021

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_fibre_receipts	p_fibre_web	raw_wool_fibre; polyester_staple_fibre; viscose_staple_fibre	weighbridge, scale, issue and stock records	material identity; supplier lot; gross/tare/net mass; moisture basis; opening stock; closing stock; returns; recycled share	calibrated weighing and inventory reconciliation	kg	each receipt and issue	representative production period, minimum one complete lot	all fibre stores feeding the declared product	net issued mass = issues + opening stock - closing stock - documented returns	calibration certificate; supplier specification; composition analysis; stock reconciliation
cp_fibre_prep_electricity	p_fibre_web	electricity_fibre_prep	submeter record	meter id; start/end reading; multiplier; downtime; products and mass processed	dedicated meter or documented shared-meter allocation	kWh	shift or batch	same period as product mass	fibre preparation line and associated extraction	sum corrected readings and allocate only documented shared loads	meter calibration; reading export; allocation log
cp_fibre_web_output	p_fibre_web	prepared_fibre_web	intermediate transfer record	lot id; blend; web orientation; basis weight; width; conditioned mass	calibrated in-line or batch weighing	kg	each transfer	complete lot	fibre preparation output	sum accepted transfers to each felting route	scale check; lot genealogy; operator sign-off
cp_fibre_prep_waste	p_fibre_web	fibre_preparation_waste	waste container record	waste type; fibre composition; gross/tare/net mass; internal return; destination	container weighing and dispatch reconciliation	kg	each container	same period as product mass	opening, carding, laying, filters and housekeeping	dispatched mass minus documented internal return	scale calibration; waste manifest; reuse log
cp_fibre_prep_pm	p_fibre_web	particulate_matter_fibre_prep	stack or workplace-exhaust monitoring	sampling location; particle fraction; concentration; gas volume; operating hours; abatement status	applicable validated monitoring method	kg	permit or campaign frequency	representative operation	all relevant exhaust points	concentration times corrected gas volume, summed by compartment	laboratory report; method; detection limit; operating log
cp_needling_material	p_needle_felting	prepared_web_input	transfer and scale record	lot id; web mass; blend; width; basis weight	calibrated weighing	kg	each lot	complete needle-felting lot	needle line input	sum transferred web mass	scale check; lot genealogy
cp_needling_electricity	p_needle_felting	electricity_needling	submeter record	meter readings; multiplier; operating time; product mass	dedicated meter or documented shared-meter allocation	kWh	shift or batch	same period as product mass	needle looms and associated equipment	sum corrected readings	calibration; reading export; allocation log
cp_needling_outputs	p_needle_felting	needle_felt_intermediate; needle_trim_waste	production and waste records	good intermediate mass; punch density; penetration; passes; trim/reject mass; internal rework; destination	calibrated weighing and lot reconciliation	kg	each lot	complete needle-felting lot	needle line	report good output, gross rejects and internal return separately	scale check; machine recipe; waste manifest; lot reconciliation
cp_wet_materials	p_wet_felting	wool_batt_input; sodium_carbonate_wet_felting	scale, recipe and issue record	lot id; batt mass; chemical identity; grade; concentration; issued/returned mass	calibrated weighing and approved recipe reconciliation	kg	each batch	complete wet-felting batch	wet-felting/fulling equipment	net issued mass by atomic material	scale calibration; SDS/specification; signed recipe and batch sheet
cp_wet_water	p_wet_felting	process_water_wet_felting	water submeter or tank record	source; start/end reading; tank volume; batch id; rinse count	calibrated submeter or verified tank-volume calculation	m3	batch or shift	same period as product mass	wetting, fulling, washing and rinsing	gross intake without netting wastewater	calibration; meter export; batch sheet
cp_wet_steam	p_wet_felting	steam_wet_felting	steam meter record	mass/energy reading; pressure; condensate return; supplier boundary	calibrated steam meter	MJ	batch or shift	same period as product mass	wet-felting heat users	sum supplied steam on declared energy basis	calibration; pressure record; supplier invoice
cp_wet_outputs_waste	p_wet_felting	wet_felt_intermediate; wet_felting_wastewater; wool_fibre_sludge	output scale, effluent meter and waste records	intermediate mass/moisture; effluent volume; sludge wet/dry mass; destination	calibrated weighing, flow metering and dispatch reconciliation	kg or m3	each batch or discharge	complete wet-felting batch and matching treatment period	wet process and hand-off to treatment	report each atomic output separately; state wet/dry basis	calibration; laboratory solids result; waste manifest; lot reconciliation
cp_finishing_materials	p_finishing_packing	needle_felt_input_finishing; wet_felt_input_finishing; acrylic_latex_binder	transfer, scale, recipe and issue records	intermediate id/mass; binder identity; wet mass; solids fraction; returns	calibrated weighing and recipe reconciliation	kg	each lot	complete finishing lot	finishing line	net issued mass by atomic material	scale calibration; supplier specification; signed recipe; lot genealogy
cp_finishing_energy	p_finishing_packing	electricity_finishing; natural_gas_drying	electricity and gas meter records	readings; multipliers; heating-value basis; operating time; product mass	calibrated meters and documented shared-meter allocation	kWh or MJ	shift or batch	same period as product mass	dryers, calendars, cutters and packing equipment	sum corrected readings by energy carrier	calibration; meter export; invoice; allocation log
cp_packaging	p_finishing_packing	corrugated_paperboard_box; ldpe_packaging_film	packaging issue record	material identity; supplier lot; unit mass; units issued; returns; included product mass	count times verified unit mass or direct weighing	kg	each packing lot	complete product lot	packing area	net issued mass by packaging component	unit-mass check; supplier specification; issue/return record
cp_finished_felt	p_finishing_packing	finished_felt	final scale and inspection record	lot id; gross/tare/net mass; conditioning basis; basis weight; thickness/pressure; composition; route; finish; accepted/rejected status	calibrated weighing and specification testing	kg	each accepted lot	complete production lot	final inspection and dispatch boundary	sum accepted net mass only	calibration; ISO/equivalent test reports; certificate of analysis; inspection release
cp_finishing_wastes	p_finishing_packing	felt_offcuts; finishing_wastewater	waste scale, effluent meter and dispatch record	waste identity; mass/volume; internal rework; treatment destination; discharge period	calibrated weighing or flow metering	kg or m3	each container or discharge	same period as product mass	cutting, finishing and cleanup	report dispatched waste after subtracting documented internal return	calibration; waste manifest; effluent record; rework log
cp_combustion_emissions	p_finishing_packing	carbon_dioxide_fossil_drying; nitrogen_oxides_drying	stack monitoring record	pollutant species; concentration; gas volume; oxygen correction; operating hours; fuel use	applicable validated stack test or continuous monitoring	kg	permit or campaign frequency	representative combustion operation	on-site natural-gas exhaust points	calculate from measured concentration and corrected gas volume only	test report; method; calibration gas; detection limit; operating log

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_reference_normalization	All inventory rows	normalized amount = period or lot amount / accepted finished felt mass on the same declared mass basis	atomic flow amount; accepted finished_felt mass	amount per 1 kg finished felt	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021
calc_fibre_issue	Fibre inputs	net fibre issued = issues + opening stock - closing stock - supplier returns; internal returned fibre remains separately documented	issue, stock and return records	net kg fibre input	ec-pef-method-2021
calc_fibre_composition	Finished-felt composition	calculate percentage by mass using the declared regulatory or validated analytical method and report agreed moisture allowance and accuracy	test result; sample pretreatment; moisture allowance; component masses	fibre percentage by mass	eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011
calc_mass_reconciliation	Each process and complete foreground system	compare atomic mass inputs with product outputs, separately measured wastes, stock change and measured releases; investigate material unexplained residuals rather than assigning them to a generic flow	input/output masses; stock change; moisture change; emissions	signed mass-reconciliation record	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021
calc_shared_resource	Shared meters and treatment	allocate only after subdivision is impracticable, using the documented physical causal driver selected under allocation_physical	shared total; causal-driver values	allocated atomic flow amount	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	Product, intermediates and purchased inputs	Preserve supplier/lot identity, fibre composition, route, recycled share, binder/finish, moisture basis, and Tiangong UUID decision for every used flow.	supplier specifications; lot genealogy; composition test; manifest UUID decision
dq_measurement	Foreground quantities	Use calibrated meters or scales; retain reading interval, multiplier, corrections, detection limits, and allocation records.	calibration certificates; raw exports; laboratory reports; signed calculations
dq_temporal	Foreground dataset	Cover a representative period that includes all declared routes and at least one complete production lot; disclose shutdown, start-up, and abnormal-event treatment.	production calendar; lot list; exception log
dq_completeness	Inventory	Reconcile all applicable process cards and document non-applicability; keep fibres, energy carriers, packaging components, wastes, and emissions as their individual concrete exchanges.	completed applicability matrix; mass reconciliation; inventory review
dq_testing	Basis weight, thickness and composition	State test method, specimen conditioning, sample size, applied pressure where relevant, result and uncertainty/accuracy.	ISO 139, ISO 9073-1/2 or declared equivalent test reports; composition analysis
dq_uuid	UUID-bearing and UUID-free rows	Use a UUID only after hybrid candidate discovery and public state100 direct read confirm exact name, type, CPC or role, flow property, and unit; retain row-specific rejection reasons otherwise.	Tiangong readback evidence; manifest lookup decisions

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	Reference flow	Require the accepted state100 Felt product-flow UUID, CPC 27921 identity, Mass property UUID, 1 kg unit, and all required qualifiers.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_scope	Product classification	Reject nonwovens, floor coverings, garments, headgear, paper felt, and other separately classified made-up products from this PCR.	unsd-cpc-3-2025
validate_route	Process completeness	Require p_fibre_web and p_finishing_packing; require at least one of p_needle_felting or p_wet_felting, and evidence for every omitted conditional operation.	us-epa-textile-study-1979; us-epa-textile-development-1982
validate_atomic_flows	Inventory	Reject collection labels, combined energy carriers, unspecified fibre mixtures, combined packaging, combined wastes, and any card whose selected flow is not one atomic exchange.	iso-14044-2006
validate_mass_basis	Normalization	Require all numerator records and accepted product mass to use the same period and declared conditioning/dry-mass basis.	iso-139-2005; iso-14044-2006
validate_quality_tests	Product specification	Require basis-weight, thickness, conditioning, and composition methods with applicable result metadata and declared alternatives where ISO 9073 scope does not apply.	iso-9073-1-2023; iso-9073-2-1995; iso-139-2005; eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011
validate_allocation	Shared resources and wastes	Require documented subdivision attempt, physical causal driver when allocation remains, and separate gross waste/internal-rework records.	iso-14044-2006; ec-pef-method-2021
validate_uuid_status	All inventory rows	Confirm accepted UUIDs by hybrid and state100 direct read; require every UUID-free row to retain its specific rejection reason in manifest review metadata.	iso-14044-2006

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	Foreground felt manufacturing dataset suitable for review and later publication as a secondary or background dataset
downstream_use	LCA process datasets and lifecycle models requiring CPC 27921 felt at the factory gate
allowed_use	The declared fibre composition, felt-forming route, basis weight, thickness, finish, geography, technology, mass basis and packaging state match the downstream system
excluded_use	Nonwovens, felt floor coverings, made-up felt articles, paper felt, or products with materially different fibre chemistry, route, finish, performance, geography, or packaging boundary
required_metadata	PCR id/version; CPC 27921; UUID decision; fibre composition and recycled share; wet/needle route; basis weight; thickness and pressure; conditioning basis; binder/finish; packaging; geography; technology; reference period; allocation; data quality; waste destinations
required_quality_disclosure	Primary-data share, meter and test coverage, sampling and conditioning methods, composition method, mass reconciliation, allocation, missing UUIDs, proxy upstream datasets, abnormal events, and review status
update_trigger	Change in fibre blend or recycled share, felt-forming route, binder/finish, basis weight or thickness class, energy/water system, waste treatment, packaging, site/technology, allocation method, Tiangong identity, source standard, or representative period

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
unsd-cpc-3-2025	official_guidance	United Nations Statistics Division, CPC Version 3.0 structure and explanatory notes, updated 30 June 2025, https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf	CPC 27921 identity, adjacent exclusions and product boundary
us-epa-textile-study-1979	official_guidance	US EPA, Technical Study Report: Textile Mills Point Source Category, NEPIS 9101NAZP, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=9101NAZP.TXT	Felt material identity; web formation; mechanical, moisture, heat and chemical action; fibre preparation, bonding, drying and finishing decomposition
us-epa-textile-development-1982	official_guidance	US EPA, Development Document for Effluent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the Textile Mills Point Source Category, 1982, https://19january2021snapshot.epa.gov/sites/static/files/2016-04/documents/textile-mills_dd_1982.pdf	Felted-fabric route, fulling/washing water use, wastewater and process-boundary completeness
us-epa-needle-punched-filtration-1976	official_guidance	US EPA, Efficient Use of Fibrous Structures in Filtration, NEPIS 91015XYA, https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=91015XYA.TXT	Needle-punching mechanism, web passes, needling parameters and needle-felt process records
ec-jrc-textiles-bref-2023	official_guidance	European Commission JRC, Best Available Techniques Reference Document for the Textiles Industry, EUR 31392 EN, DOI 10.2760/355887, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC131874	Fibre preparation, wool fulling, finishing, water/wastewater, energy, emissions monitoring and data-quality controls
ec-pef-method-2021	official_guidance	European Commission Recommendation C(2021) 9332 and Annexes on Environmental Footprint methods, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/document/download/cb899bd7-bb06-491d-9989-c856a401fcd0_en	System modelling, foreground data quality, allocation, recycling disclosure and packaging boundary
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines, https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html	Inventory, goal/scope, allocation, reporting, quality and validation principles
iso-9073-1-2023	standard	ISO 9073-1:2023, Nonwovens — Test methods — Part 1: Determination of mass per unit area, https://www.iso.org/standard/83590.html	Applicable basis-weight measurement and reporting
iso-9073-2-1995	standard	ISO 9073-2:1995, Textiles — Test methods for nonwovens — Part 2: Determination of thickness, https://www.iso.org/standard/16652.html	Applicable thickness measurement under specified pressure
iso-139-2005	standard	ISO 139:2005, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing, https://www.iso.org/standard/35179.html	Conditioning and physical-test atmosphere
eu-textile-regulation-1007-2011	standard	Regulation (EU) No 1007/2011 on textile fibre names, labelling and quantitative analysis, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1007	Fibre naming, mass composition, sampling/analysis and accuracy evidence