Nutmeg, mace, cardamoms, raw

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers foreground production of raw nutmeg seed with shell, mace aril, or cardamom capsules from perennial managed stands through the declared farm-gate hand-off. It includes establishment, productive management, harvest, nutmeg fruit separation, grading, and washing or drying only when performed before the farm gate. Select one crop/organ route and one reference-product state; do not average nutmeg and cardamom without a documented composition and weighting rule.

Exclude grinding, powder production, cracking or shelling to make commercial nutmeg kernel, essential-oil or oleoresin extraction, blending, fumigation, consumer packaging, manufactured spice products, and post-gate transport.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.products-of-agriculture-horticulture-and-market-gardening.nutmeg-mace-cardamoms-raw
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 01653, Nutmeg, mace, cardamoms, raw; mapping relation: exact
covered_products	raw nutmeg seed with shell, separated raw mace aril, and raw cardamom capsules, fresh or farm-dried as declared
excluded_products	ground spice; commercial shelled nutmeg kernel; essential oils, oleoresins and nutmeg butter; blended, fumigated, retail-packed or manufactured spices
representative_product	one declared route: nutmeg seed with shell, mace aril, or cardamom capsule
production_route	perennial managed production; mutually exclusive nutmeg-tree or cardamom-stand route; optional ambient/shade or heated drying is a technology delta from fresh dispatch
market_state	raw at farm gate, with fresh/dried state, moisture basis, grade, organ state and conditioning route declared

Nutmeg trees intentionally yield seed and mace at one separation node. Cardamom has a distinct harvested organ and conditioning route. Fresh dispatch, ambient/shade drying and heated curing are mutually exclusive lot routes unless documented as sequential stages.

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	declared raw nutmeg seed with shell, mace aril, or cardamom capsules at farm gate
How much	1,000 kg net product mass
How well	saleable under the declared grade and moisture specification, excluding foreign matter and rejects
How long or cycle	output from a declared harvest period, including documented stand-lifecycle attribution
reference_flow_link	raw_spice_reference_product

Field	Value
Reference amount	1000
Reference product flow	Declared nutmeg seed, mace aril or cardamom capsule in actual fresh/dried state
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	crop/species; harvested organ; shell/aril/capsule state; fresh or dried state; moisture content and basis; grade; production system; geography; harvest period; farm-gate hand-off; drying technology when used

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Report net mass and measured moisture content/basis; never mix fresh and dried mass without moisture conversion.
land_time_basis	establishment and management	area and time	ha, year	Separate establishment, non-bearing and productive phases.
nutrient_active_mass	nutrient inventory	product and nutrient mass	kg product, kg N/P/K	Collect every actual nutrient product and composition separately below the consolidated card.
lot_reconciliation	harvest through grading	Mass	kg/lot	Reconcile accepted, downgraded, rejected, sampled and moisture-loss states by lot/batch.

5. System Boundary

The foreground begins with planting material or a documented existing stand and ends at farm-gate dispatch. Include stand establishment/non-bearing phases, productive management, land-use change where applicable, water, energy, crop-protection and nutrient supply, direct field emissions, harvest, separation, pre-gate conditioning, grading, residues, rejects and material capital goods. Nursery and other supplied products remain upstream datasets.

Harvest is a distinct node because it removes a recorded biological output. Nutmeg separation creates seed, mace and pericarp states. Conditioning receives a fresh lot and hands off a declared fresh or stabilized state. Grading creates accepted, downgraded and rejected destinations.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	new establishment or existing stand of known age and establishment history
starting_condition_role	determines direct establishment records or remaining-life attribution
product_classification_scope	one nutmeg-seed, mace-aril, or cardamom-capsule route
recursive_input_rule	a same-category input is an upstream farm-gate product dataset and is not regenerated recursively
upstream_dataset_requirement	representative planting-material, nutrient, crop-protection, water, fuel and electricity datasets
disclosure	stand age, establishment source, crop/species, intercropping, area, harvest period, yield, co-products, conditioning, moisture basis and farm gate

Boundary Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
boundary_route_selection	all datasets	Preserve crop, harvested-organ and lot identity through every process.	iisir-nutmeg-2005; iisir-cardamom-2022
boundary_perennial_phases	establishment	Include establishment, non-bearing and productive phases; link replacement and termination to area and period.	cerutti-perennial-crops-2016; spices-board-cardamom-cost-2021
boundary_nutmeg_separation	nutmeg route	Include fruit collection and seed/aril/pericarp separation before distinct hand-offs.	fao-nutmeg-handling
boundary_conditioning	conditioning	Include washing, drying energy, moisture loss, rejects and re-drying before farm gate; omit for fresh direct dispatch.	fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022
boundary_manufacture_exclusion	downstream	Exclude grinding, extraction, commercial-kernel cracking, blending, fumigation and consumer packaging.	fao-nutmeg-handling

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
stand_establishment	Perennial stand establishment	required	direct for new stands or remaining-life attribution for existing stands	creates productive capacity	one established hectare
productive_management	Productive-year crop management	required	every harvest period	manages crop and records field emissions	one productive hectare-year
harvest_separation	Harvest and route-specific separation	required	every harvest lot	creates organ-specific outputs	one harvest lot
primary_conditioning	Primary conditioning and preservation stabilization	conditional	only when performed before farm gate	alternative technology delta among fresh, ambient/shade and heated routes	one batch
grading_dispatch	Grading and dispatch	required	every saleable lot	creates accepted, downgraded and rejected states	1,000 kg accepted product

Harvest, conditioning and grading are lot/batch processes. Link inputs, cleaning, outputs, changeovers and re-drying to the same lot. Allocate shared batch burdens once by measured mass handled.

Process: Perennial stand establishment (stand_establishment)

Inputs

Product flows

Planting material (planting_material)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Crop-specific planting material

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured type, count and mass; separate replants

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

• Range: Provisional completeness screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: planting units/ha established
  • Basis: per established hectare over establishment
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Fertilizer, urea input (establishment_nutrients)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (establishment_nutrients_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (establishment_nutrients_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

Cattle manure, as applied input (establishment_nutrients_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

Agricultural limestone input (establishment_nutrients_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per established hectare over establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

Outputs

Product flows

Established stand capacity (established_stand)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Established nutmeg or cardamom stand capacity

• Flow property / unit: Area / ha

• Amount rule: successfully established area after mortality/replant reconciliation

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per hectare entering establishment.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_establishment

• Range: Established-area reconciliation

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: ha established/ha entered
  • Basis: per hectare entering establishment
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: cerutti-perennial-crops-2016

Process: Productive-year crop management (productive_management)

Inputs

Product flows

Fertilizer, urea input (productive_nutrients)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, urea is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, urea

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, urea used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate input (productive_nutrients_monoammonium_phosphate)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, monoammonium phosphate used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Fertilizer, potassium chloride input (productive_nutrients_potassium_chloride)

Include this conditional card only when Fertilizer, potassium chloride is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Fertilizer, potassium chloride

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Fertilizer, potassium chloride used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Cattle manure, as applied input (productive_nutrients_cattle_manure)

Include this conditional card only when Cattle manure, as applied is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Cattle manure, as applied

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Cattle manure, as applied used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Agricultural limestone input (productive_nutrients_agricultural_limestone)

Include this conditional card only when Agricultural limestone is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Agricultural limestone

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg product

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Agricultural limestone used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Irrigation water (management_irrigation_water)

Record supplemental irrigation delivered to the productive stand; rainfall is excluded.

• Selected flow: Irrigation water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: metered or calibrated water delivered to the stand

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

• Range: Productive-year irrigation-water screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30000
  • Unit: m3/ha-year
  • Basis: per productive hectare-year; zero for rainfed management
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Required crop-protection records: before completing the foreground package, enumerate every actually applied formulated product separately, retaining trade name, active ingredient, salt or chemical form, concentration, density where needed, application quantity, date and treated area. Select one physically specific product identity per exchange. Derive active-substance releases separately by substance and receiving compartment. Missing formulation identity is a completeness gap; do not replace it with a generic pesticide, invented example, or assumed zero.

Electricity, medium voltage input (management_energy)

Include this conditional card only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Diesel fuel input (management_energy_diesel)

Include this conditional card only when Diesel fuel is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

Outputs

Product flows

Harvestable crop material (harvestable_crop)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Harvestable nutmeg fruit or cardamom capsules

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured by crop and picking round; only the selected route is active

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per productive hectare-year.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Range: Route-specific yield screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg harvestable material/ha-year
  • Basis: per productive hectare-year; inactive route contributes zero
  • Basis kind: Crop cycle (crop_cycle)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct managed-soil nitrous oxide (soil_n2o)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O

• Amount rule: apply selected IPCC tier to collected synthetic, organic and residue N; convert N2O-N to N2O once using 44/28

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per kg N included in the direct managed-soil equation.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: N input (n_input)

• Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)

• Collection protocol: cp_management

• Sources: ipcc-2019-managed-soils

• Range: Provisional direct-N2O-N factor screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 0.05
  • Unit: kg N2O-N/kg N input
  • Basis: per kg N in the applicable direct-emission equation
  • Basis kind: N input (n_input)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Calculation method corresponds to Section 8 rules: calc_soil_n2o.

Process: Harvest and route-specific separation (harvest_separation)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvestable crop input (harvest_input)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Harvestable nutmeg fruit or cardamom capsules

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured mass entering the lot

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per harvest lot.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Range: Lot input screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/lot
  • Basis: per declared harvest lot
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Nutmeg seed with shell (nutmeg_seed_output)

This card records one intended output and its distinct hand-off.

• Selected flow: Raw nutmeg seed with shell

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured separately; inactive route output is zero

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

• Range: Intended-output mass-balance screen

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg output
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input; applies to nutmeg route; zero for cardamom
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

Mace aril (mace_aril_output)

This card records one intended output and its distinct hand-off.

• Selected flow: Raw mace aril

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured separately; inactive route output is zero

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

• Range: Intended-output mass-balance screen

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg output
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input; applies to nutmeg route; zero for cardamom
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

Cardamom capsules (cardamom_capsule_output)

This card records one intended output and its distinct hand-off.

• Selected flow: Raw cardamom capsules

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured separately; inactive route output is zero

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

• Range: Intended-output mass-balance screen

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg output
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input; applies to cardamom route; zero for nutmeg
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

Waste flows

Pericarp, spikes and field rejects (harvest_residues)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Route-specific harvest residues

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: input minus intended outputs and measured losses; reclassify deliberately sold/used material as product

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_harvest

• Range: Residue mass-balance

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg residues
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg harvest input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

Process: Washing and/or drying (primary_conditioning)

Inputs

Product flows

Raw spice entering conditioning (conditioning_raw_spice)

Record the raw spice lot entering an active washing or drying stage.

• Selected flow: Route-specific raw spice

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: weighed wet input linked to one conditioning batch

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

• Range: Conditioning input-mass screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg raw spice
  • Basis: per conditioning batch normalized to 1,000 kg raw spice
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Conditioning process water (conditioning_water)

Record supplied water only when washing is active.

• Selected flow: Process water

• Flow property / unit: Volume / m3

• Amount rule: metered or calibrated water supplied to the conditioning batch

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

• Range: Conditional washing-water screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100
  • Unit: m3
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice; zero when washing is inactive
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Electricity, medium voltage input (conditioning_energy)

Include this conditional card only when Electricity, medium voltage is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage

• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Electricity, medium voltage used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

Diesel fuel input (conditioning_energy_diesel)

Include this conditional card only when Diesel fuel is actually used in the declared process. For every other actual product or carrier, create a separate atomic exchange with its own identity and measured amount; do not infer its use from this example.

• Selected flow: Diesel fuel

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Measured quantity of Diesel fuel used by this process and period; report zero or not applicable only when the route records establish absence.

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

Outputs

Product flows

Conditioned raw spice (conditioned_product)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Conditioned nutmeg seed, mace aril or cardamom capsules

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured final mass with moisture, time/temperature, method and rejected fraction

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

• Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

• Range: Conditioned-product mass yield

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg conditioned product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

Elementary flows

Moisture released (drying_moisture_loss)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Water to air

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: Determine supported evaporation on a closed water-mass control volume: incoming material water + actual added water + opening water stock - water in all accepted/co-product/reject/residue exits - separate liquid discharge/exports - closing water stock. Use measured wet mass times wet-basis moisture for each material stream, and compatible density for liquid volumes. Internal recirculation cancels. Retain actual rain/rewetting where relevant; total fresh/dry mass difference is not all water. Independently support all terms and the evaporation pathway; investigate an unexplained or negative balance rather than force it into a vapour release or clip it to zero. Keep water quantities distinct from dry-solids loss and other volatiles. Attribute and normalize the evidenced water release once using the original matched final reference.

• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice entering conditioning.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

• Collection protocol: cp_conditioning

• Range: Moisture-loss balance

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg water
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg raw spice; zero without drying
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: iisir-cardamom-2022; fao-nutmeg-handling

Calculation method corresponds to Section 8 rules: calc_conditioning_balance.

Process: Grading and dispatch (grading_dispatch)

Inputs

Product flows

Spice lot entering grading (grading_input)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Route-specific fresh or conditioned raw spice

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured lot mass with crop, organ and moisture identity

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per grading lot.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch

• Range: Grading-lot screen

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.1
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: kg/lot
  • Basis: per declared grading lot
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted raw spice reference product (raw_spice_reference_product)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Declared nutmeg seed, mace aril or cardamom capsule in actual fresh/dried state

• Flow property / unit: Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66 / kg Raw output measurement and reconciliation: 1,000 kg net accepted product

• Amount rule: 1000 kg

• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per reference flow.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)

• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch

• Range: Fixed reference quantity

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1000
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg accepted product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg reference flow
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Identity applicability: Verify the concrete identity against the selected actual species/organ, sowing or commodity use, fresh/cured/dried and shell state, grade, provider and declared gate, with Mass/kg support. This PCR retains the semantic route and measurement definition; it does not assert that one fixed UUID covers all alternative states. A fresh-state flow cannot automatically bind a cured/dried output, an ambiguous nut/kernel flow cannot prove both states, and commodity seed cannot establish seed-for-sowing identity. Preserve a verified compatible existing binding only for its supported state; otherwise keep the UUID explicitly unresolved until detail-confirmed. Do not change the product boundary, quantity or route to force a match.

Downgraded raw spice (downgraded_product)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Downgraded route-specific raw spice

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured lower-grade mass with destination and revenue; never count as accepted mass

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg grading input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch

• Range: Downgrade balance

  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg downgraded product
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg grading input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Grading rejects (grading_rejects)

This card records the declared flow and its quantity at this process boundary.

• Selected flow: Route-specific spice rejects

• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg

• Amount rule: measured final reject mass; retain re-drying loops under the producing lot until disposition

• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)

• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific) Raw activity or stage basis: per 1,000 kg grading input.

• Normalization basis: per declared reference flow

• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)

• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)

• Collection protocol: cp_dispatch

• Range: Reject balance

  • Range role: Allowed range (allowed_range)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: kg rejects
  • Basis: per 1,000 kg grading input
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
allocation_avoid_first	all shared operations	Subdivide route-specific and separately metered operations before allocation.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_nutmeg_outputs	nutmeg production/separation	Treat seed and mace as intended co-products. Allocate inseparable burdens by matched-period farm-gate economic value and report mass-allocation sensitivity. Pericarp receives burden only when deliberately sold or used.	iso-14044-2006; fao-nutmeg-handling
allocation_establishment	perennial establishment	Across lifecycle phases, divide cohort establishment burden by actual cumulative saleable output; for incomplete lives use a documented forecast and update for mortality, replacement or termination. Never charge one cohort twice.	cerutti-perennial-crops-2016
allocation_batches	conditioning/grading	Assign measured batch inputs directly; apportion shared run/changeover burden once by mass handled. Re-dried lots retain prior burden and receive additional re-drying burden.	iso-14044-2006
allocation_rejects	downgrade/rework/waste	Return rework to its producing lot; keep burden with downgraded saleable product under the chosen co-product rule; give waste no avoided credit in an attributional dataset.	iso-14044-2006

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Inventory completeness: conditional named cards are examples of individual exchanges, not an exhaustive recipe or a requirement to use those products. Before completing a foreground package, enumerate every actual planting stock, nutrient, crop-protection formulation, asset material, operating service, carrier, packaging material, waste stream and applicable elementary substance separately, using its physical identity, state, native property/unit, origin or receiving compartment, and measured or method-calculated quantity. Missing identity or quantity remains a completeness gap, never an assumed zero. Preserve the actual lot and phase basis; do not sum intermediate transfers as additional final output or duplicate burdens included in purchased services.

Retain raw site, lot, cycle and stage quantities and denominators in each collection protocol. Reconcile stocks, losses, moisture and co-product attribution first, then normalize: normalized exchange = attributable raw exchange × declared reference quantity / accepted hand-off product quantity on the same boundary and measurement basis. Apply perennial-establishment and shared-operation attribution before this normalization. Never set an internal-transfer quantity equal to the final reference quantity. Per declared reference flow means the amount, unit and product state in section 3; the data package must declare its actual route and gate.

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_establishment	stand_establishment	planting, nutrients, area, survival	invoices and field logs	cohort; crop; material type/count/mass; every nutrient product/composition/mass; area; mortality; replants; dates	reconcile purchases and field records; Raw aggregation and attribution: sum by event; retain product detail	units; kg; ha	every event	full establishment/non-bearing phase	stand/cohort	per declared reference flow	invoices, labels, maps, counts
cp_management	productive_management	annual inputs and emission drivers	meters, invoices, application logs	stand age/area; every nutrient product and N; water; protection product; fuels; electricity; residues; soil class	direct records or documented runtime factors; Raw aggregation and attribution: aggregate by ha-year; retain detail	kg; m3; L; kWh; ha	every event, annual aggregate	full represented year	stand/route	per declared reference flow	invoices, labels, meter calibration
cp_harvest	harvest_separation	harvest and separated states	lot tickets and scales	lot; crop; organ; date; area; input; seed; aril; capsules; residues; destination	weigh every lot/state; Raw aggregation and attribution: aggregate after mass balance	kg	every lot	all harvest rounds	stand/lot	per declared reference flow	scale checks, tickets, receipts
cp_conditioning	primary_conditioning	washing, energy, moisture, yield	batch sheet and meters	lot; method; input mass/moisture; water; energy carrier; time/temperature; output mass/moisture; rejects; re-drying ; all input/output water including rejects/residues; actual added/rain water; separate liquid exports; opening/closing water stock; moisture and density; supported evaporation	meter and weigh/test every batch; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile input, output, reject and water loss	kg; m3; kWh; MJ; %	every batch	all conditioned lots	farm/unit	per declared reference flow	scale, moisture method, meters, batch log
cp_dispatch	grading_dispatch	accepted/downgraded/reject	grading and sales records	lot; identity; state; moisture; grade; input; outputs; rework destination; price; gate/date	weigh and link each state; Raw aggregation and attribution: reconcile, then normalize accepted output	kg; currency/kg	every lot	all represented production	farm/lot	per declared reference flow	scale, grade spec, invoice
cp_phase1_environment_coverage	stand_establishment	managed environmental coverage by actual node	site/activity/method ledger	site and actual managed nodes; area; dated occupation intervals; co-users; establishment/immature history; actual prior/current land classes and transformation dates/areas; carbon-method coverage; upstream land coverage	Collect original records by the actual responsible production node and matched lot/period; retain provenance, method applicability and uncertainty. Reconcile with existing protocols and provider coverage, do not add duplicate events. Explicitly document inapplicability; absent evidence is a gap.	native activity units; kg N or substance; area/time as applicable	event and annual/lot reconciliation	matched production/cohort period	all actual managed-production nodes	apply applicable coverage calculations then final normalization once	original records, method worksheets and applicability evidence

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_establishment_attribution	establishment	cohort inventory × product allocation share / cumulative actual or forecast saleable lifetime output	cohort inputs, area, survival, productive years, outputs	inventory/kg saleable output	cerutti-perennial-crops-2016
calc_soil_n2o	managed soil	apply selected IPCC tier to collected synthetic, organic and residue N; convert N2O-N to N2O once using 44/28	N inputs, soil/climate and factors	kg N2O with factor provenance	ipcc-2019-managed-soils
calc_conditioning_balance	conditioning	wet input = conditioned output + rejects + samples + moisture loss, all on consistent basis	masses and moisture	reconciled yield/water loss	iisir-cardamom-2022; fao-nutmeg-handling
calc_nutmeg_allocation	seed/mace	share = output mass × matched farm-gate price / total intended-output revenue; repeat by mass	saleable masses and prices	shares summing to one	iso-14044-2006
calc_reference_normalization	dataset	attributed inventory / accepted mass × 1,000	attributed inventory; accepted mass	inventory/1,000 kg
chemical_species_mass_accounting	elementary_nutrient_emissions	Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim.	cp_management; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output	Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records

Environmental Coverage Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
calc_managed_land_coverage	actual managed-production nodes	For each actual owned managed-production site, collect the occupied area and dated occupation intervals, including attributable establishment/immature and production periods. Occupation is area multiplied by actual duration, converted explicitly to the selected area-time unit (1 ha = 10,000 m2; time in years); hectares per crop-cycle alone are not an area-time result without duration. Partition or take the union of overlapping establishment/management intervals so the same area-time is counted once, with shares across actual co-users summing to one. Record evidenced land transformation separately by actual from/to land class, event area and date under the declared land-use method; transformation has area units and is not added to occupation. Planting, continued occupation or missing prior-land data do not establish a transformation or zero transformation. Preserve actual historical-event attribution and carbon-stock/emission method coverage where applicable; no invented land conversion or generic carbon credit. Instantiate separate compatible elementary identities with verified UUIDs or explicit unresolved identities; attribute once and normalize to the matched final reference. Purchased completed biological inputs inherit compatible upstream land coverage once instead of duplicating it locally. Missing applicable land identity, area, duration or prior-state evidence remains a completeness gap; documented no transformation is a valid absence.	cp_phase1_environment_coverage	attributed native environmental quantities per matched final reference

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	all records	Preserve crop/species, organ, stand, harvest period, lot, moisture and route; mixed lots need measured composition.	maps, lot ledger, specification
dq_temporal	perennial phases	Cover the full represented year and retain establishment history or remaining-life model.	cohort history and replacement plan
dq_mass_balance	separation/conditioning/grading	Investigate unexplained difference above 5% of input rather than forcing closure.	calibrated weights and reconciliation
dq_moisture	fresh/dried conversion	Use one documented moisture method and basis; record sampling time.	test and calibration record
dq_completeness	inventory	Reconcile planting material, every actual fertilizer/amendment formulation, protection product, water, energy, output, downgrade/reject, residue and emission driver against primary records. Use a separate atomic Product-input card for each actual fertilizer/amendment, preserving product mass, composition and application records; nutrient equivalents are attributes/calculation inputs, not duplicate product quantities. Missing UUID remains explicit until verified.	invoices, logs, meters, receipts
dq_representativeness	aggregation	Disclose geography, system, route, ages, intercropping and drying technology; justify farm aggregation.	sampling frame and weights

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Rule	source_ids
validate_reference_identity	reference flow	Verify the concrete identity against the selected actual species/organ, sowing or commodity use, fresh/cured/dried and shell state, grade, provider and declared gate, with Mass/kg support. This PCR retains the semantic route and measurement definition; it does not assert that one fixed UUID covers all alternative states. A fresh-state flow cannot automatically bind a cured/dried output, an ambiguous nut/kernel flow cannot prove both states, and commodity seed cannot establish seed-for-sowing identity. Preserve a verified compatible existing binding only for its supported state; otherwise keep the UUID explicitly unresolved until detail-confirmed. Do not change the product boundary, quantity or route to force a match.
validate_route_exclusivity	graph	Fail if nutmeg/cardamom or fresh/ambient/heated routes are silently averaged.	fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022
validate_period_attribution	establishment	Fail if phase, stand age, replacement or termination treatment is absent or double counted.	cerutti-perennial-crops-2016
validate_output_set	nutmeg separation	Fail unless seed, mace and pericarp destinations are declared and intended products allocated.	fao-nutmeg-handling
validate_batch_linkage	harvest through dispatch	Fail if inputs, cleaning, outputs, re-drying or rejects lack a lot/batch/period link or shared burden is duplicated.
validate_nutrient_cardinality	each process	Require one atomic Product-input card for each actual fertilizer/amendment formulation, with product mass, composition, application record and verified or explicit unresolved identity. Reject a group or combined unlike-product exchange, omitted actual products, duplicate product/nutrient quantities or invented UUIDs; there is no one-card maximum for a process.
validate_mass_balance	separation/conditioning/grading	Fail when output states are not reconciled or rejects are accepted product.	fao-nutmeg-handling; iisir-cardamom-2022
validate_boundary	downstream	Fail if grinding, extraction, commercial-kernel cracking, blending, fumigation or consumer packaging is included.	fao-nutmeg-handling

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground farm-gate dataset for one declared raw spice route
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset
allowed_use	lifecycle models needing raw nutmeg seed, mace aril or cardamom capsule supply at farm gate
excluded_use	manufactured spice or undisclosed average across unrelated crop routes
required_metadata	crop/species; organ; geography; system; stand age/phase; establishment attribution; intercropping; period; state/moisture; grade; allocation; conditioning; gate
required_quality_disclosure	coverage; measured/estimated shares; mass balance; allocation shares and price period; range exceedances; unresolved UUIDs; gaps
update_trigger	changed route/state/technology/life assumption/co-product destination/price relation; >10% change in yield, energy or nutrient intensity; new representative records

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-nutmeg-handling	official_guidance	FAO, Production, handling and processing of nutmeg and mace, Section III, https://www.fao.org/4/x5047e/x5047E06.htm	harvest, separation, fresh/dry delivery, drying, grading, rejects
iisir-nutmeg-2005	extension_guidance	ICAR-IISR, Nutmeg, January 2005, https://www.indianspices.com/sites/default/files/cultivation_practices-nutmeg.pdf	perennial identity, seed/mace co-products, example yields
iisir-cardamom-2022	extension_guidance	ICAR-IISR, Cardamom, https://spices.res.in/storage/app/public/pdfs/CARDAMOM/1ENG-2022.pdf	establishment, harvest, washing, curing and moisture
fao-cardamom-curing	official_guidance	FAO, Asia Industrial and Institutional Stove Compendium, https://www.fao.org/4/ad378e/AD378E07.htm	batch curing, moisture and energy relevance
spices-board-cardamom-cost-2021	dataset	Spices Board India, Cost of Cultivation of Cardamom (Kerala), https://indianspices.com/sites/default/files/SMALLCARDAMOM2021_new.pdf	phase/activity coverage
ipcc-2019-managed-soils	method_factor	IPCC, 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11, https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf	managed-soil N2O
cerutti-perennial-crops-2016	literature	Cerutti et al., Journal of Cleaner Production 127 (2016) 555–561, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.031	perennial establishment attribution
iso-14044-2006	standard	ISO 14044:2006, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines	allocation hierarchy and sensitivity