Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR guides foreground data package construction for farmed tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito placed on the market as live, fresh, or chilled product. It covers declared broodstock, egg, larval, juvenile, or supplier stock for full-cycle aquaculture where present, wild juvenile or subadult stock captured for capture-based aquaculture when legally and traceably transferred into controlled grow-out or fattening, cage, net-pen, tank, offshore, or other declared aquaculture husbandry, harvest, grading, stunning, bleeding where performed, live holding, chilling, packaging, and release at the declared gate.

Covered products include aquaculture-produced or aquaculture-fattened tunas, skipjack, stripe-bellied bonito, and declared tuna-like scombrid species within the product category when the dataset shows controlled farming, ranching, or fattening records. Excluded products are wild tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito that are only captured, landed, held, chilled, graded, or dispatched; frozen tuna products; fillets, loins, steaks, fish meat, canned, cooked, smoked, dried, salted, prepared, or preserved products; fish seed sold as a separate aquaculture input; roe, oil, offal, mortalities, and processing residues modelled as separate products.

Capture-based aquaculture is within this PCR only when the reporting dataset declares the wild stock capture or purchase, transfer, stocking event, controlled holding or fattening period, feed or bait use, mortalities, escapes, and marketable product output. A dataset with only wild capture and post-capture handling belongs under the corresponding wild product PCR.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.fish-crustaceans-molluscs-and-other-aquatic-invertebrates-products.farmed-tunas-skipjack-or-stripe-bellied-bonito-live-fresh-or-chilled
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 04252, Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled
covered_products	farmed, ranch-raised, or aquaculture-fattened tunas, skipjack, stripe-bellied bonito, and declared tuna-like scombrid species sold live, fresh, or chilled from declared hatchery, nursery, cage, net-pen, tank, offshore, capture-based aquaculture, or other controlled aquaculture systems
excluded_products	wild tuna products that are only captured, landed, held, chilled, graded, or dispatched; frozen tuna; fillets; loins; steaks; fish meat; canned, cooked, smoked, dried, salted, prepared, or preserved products; non-tuna farmed fish; ornamental fish; fish seed sold as seed; roe, oil, offal, mortalities, sludge, or processing residues as separate products
representative_product	live or chilled farmed tuna, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito at declared species, culture route, market size, product form, holding condition, and gate
production_route	hatchery or supplier stock route where present, or capture-based wild juvenile or subadult stock capture and transfer, followed by controlled grow-out or fattening, husbandry, harvest, live holding or chilling, packaging, and declared gate release
market_state	live, fresh, or chilled tuna-category fish with declared species, aquaculture route, stock origin, product basis, size grade, harvest and holding condition, packaging state, and gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	farmed tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito as live, fresh, or chilled market product
How much	1 kg
How well	declared species, farmed or aquaculture-fattened proof, stock origin, culture route, live/fresh/chilled state, whole or declared product basis, size grade, harvest and holding condition, and gate
How long or cycle	one aquaculture production batch, fattening campaign, harvest lot, or reporting period normalized to marketable product output
reference_flow_link	Reference amount and product flow below

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species and scientific name where available; farmed, ranch-raised, or capture-based aquaculture proof; stock origin as hatchery, supplier farm, wild juvenile, or wild subadult; capture area, permit, transfer route, and stocking date for capture-based routes; culture system; product state; whole, bled, gutted, live, fresh, chilled, or declared product basis; size grade, length, or mean individual mass; moisture, drainage, or ice-excluded basis; geography and declared gate; holding or chilling duration; feed regime, fresh bait, formulated feed, and feed supplier disclosure; cage, net-pen, tank, or offshore site; health, welfare, biosecurity, permit, certification, mortality, and escape status

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

Mass is the primary reference basis. Count, cage, tow, transfer, box, tub, live-holding, or size-grade records may be used only when net mass, count per kg or mean individual mass, product form, and sampling or tare method are retained.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	The reference flow must be expressed as kg farmed tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito in the declared live, fresh, or chilled product form.
farmed_production_evidence	all datasets	Record identity and production evidence	declared records	Dataset records must show a foreground aquaculture production, ranching, controlled holding, or fattening period. Wild capture followed only by holding, chilling, grading, or dispatch is outside this PCR.
capture_based_stock_origin	capture-based aquaculture and tuna ranching	Stock capture, transfer, and stocking records	declared records	Capture-based routes must retain source fishery or supplier, capture area, permit, date, size or mass, transfer loss, stocking cage or site, and evidence that stock entered controlled aquaculture.
product_form_mass_basis	whole, gutted, bled, live, fresh, chilled, drained, or iced records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Product mass must state live whole weight, chilled whole weight, gutted mass, bled mass, drained mass, ice-excluded mass, or another contract-declared basis. Convert only with measured yield evidence.
count_to_mass_conversion	stocking, mortality, grading, harvest, sales, and size-grade records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Count-based records must include count per kg or mean individual mass, length or size grade where used, sampling method, and product form before normalization to kg reference product.
stock_lot_identity	broodstock, eggs, larvae, juveniles, transferred wild fish, supplier fish, and stocked cages	Mass or count	kg, item, egg count, or life-stage count	Stock records must retain species, life stage, origin, capture or supplier evidence, batch or lot, count, mass where measurable, health status, transfer date, and mortality during transfer.
feed_and_bait_mass_basis	formulated feed, fresh bait, frozen bait, live feed, medicated feed, and supplementary feed	Mass	kg	Feed and bait records must state dry, wet, as-fed, thawed, live, medicated, or declared basis. Convert between bases only with measured moisture, supplier data, or retained specification.
water_temperature_salinity_and_volume	hatchery, nursery, grow-out, live holding, washing, chilling, and discharge	Temperature, salinity, mass, or volume	deg C, ppt, kg, or m3	Preserve controlled water volume, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, recirculation, make-up water, water exchange, drainage, and discharge basis. Ambient open-sea water is a boundary condition unless pumped, treated, exchanged, or discharged under foreground control.
energy_fuel_and_vessel_inventory	pumps, aeration, oxygenation, feeding equipment, live holding, chilling, harvest, towing, vessels, vehicles, and delivery	Energy or fuel quantity	kWh, MJ, L, or kg	Record original electricity, fuel, oxygen, or energy carrier units before normalizing to the reference flow. Vessel fuel for capture-based stocking and farm servicing must be separated when records allow.
chemical_health_and_welfare_treatment_basis	oxygen, disinfectants, medicines, anesthetics, vaccines, probiotics, cleaning agents, and welfare treatments	Mass, volume, active ingredient, dose, or gas amount	kg, L, g active ingredient, dose, or m3 gas	Record product quantity, active ingredient or dose where applicable, treatment purpose, diagnosis or health-plan link, legal status, withdrawal or harvest eligibility consequence, and treated biomass.
packaging_and_ice_basis	boxes, bags, liners, insulated containers, labels, ice, gel packs, oxygenated live packs, and pallets	Mass or item count	kg or item	Packaging, ice, oxygenated live packs, and containers must retain material type, item count, tare or fill mass, reuse rate, and destination before normalization.

Key product attributes are foreground qualifiers recorded alongside the mass reference flow:

Attribute	Common unit	Required handling
Species	scientific and common name	required for all datasets
Aquaculture route	full-cycle hatchery route, supplier juvenile route, capture-based aquaculture, ranching, fattening, cage, net pen, tank, offshore, or declared variant	required for boundary, stock origin, feed, mortality, escape, and allocation interpretation
Biological starting condition	broodstock, eggs, larvae, hatchery juveniles, supplier juveniles, wild juveniles, wild subadults, or transferred fish	required to distinguish farmed production from wild capture
Product form	live whole, fresh whole, chilled whole, bled, gutted, head-on gutted, or declared variant	required for mass-basis interpretation
Size grade	count per kg, mean individual mass, length, market grade, or harvest weight class	required when count or grade records are used

5. System Boundary

The default boundary covers foreground-controlled farmed tuna-category production to the declared farm, harvest, packhouse, dispatch, or delivery gate:

1. Broodstock, egg, larval, juvenile, or supplier stock sourcing for full-cycle aquaculture where present, or capture-based wild juvenile or subadult stock capture, purchase, transfer, and stocking when the aquaculture route depends on wild stock.
2. Controlled grow-out, ranching, or fattening husbandry, including stocking, feeding with fresh bait or formulated feed, water control where relevant, cage or net-pen operation, vessel servicing, aeration or oxygenation where relevant, health management, welfare handling, escape prevention, mortalities, residue management, and directly controlled maintenance.
3. Harvest, grading, stunning or bleeding where performed, washing, live holding, chilling, packaging, and declared gate release.
4. Delivery to the declared gate when the reference flow is delivered product rather than farm, harvest, dispatch, or packhouse gate product.

Capital goods and long-lived infrastructure are included only when the declared data package scope requires them. Purchased juveniles, captured stock, feed, bait, packaging, ice, oxygen, electricity, fuel, chemicals, health treatments, cage materials, and vessel services require upstream datasets unless the same operator controls and reports their production in the foreground package.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	declared_hatchery_supplier_or_capture_based_stocking_event
starting_condition_role	aquaculture_stock_identity_and_biological_starting_condition
product_classification_scope	current CPC 3.0 product category 04252, Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled
recursive_input_rule	farmed tuna broodstock, eggs, larvae, juveniles, or supplier stock used to produce market product are recorded as declared biological starting conditions with supplier, hatchery, farm, source, life-stage, capture-based status, and health disclosure, not recursively as finished reference product output
upstream_dataset_requirement	hatchery, supplier, juvenile, capture-based stocking, feed, bait, or service dataset, or documented source, species, batch, count or mass, life stage, capture or supplier permit, transfer loss, health or biosecurity status, and certification or permit evidence
disclosure	disclose species, culture route, biological starting condition, farmed production evidence, capture area and permit where capture-based, stocking density or biomass, cage or tank system, feed or bait regime, feed supplier and feed basis, marine ingredient or bait species where available, water source and temperature where controlled, dissolved oxygen and salinity where relevant, vessel fuel and farm servicing, health treatments, welfare handling, mortality and escape records, harvest and holding conditions, product form, packaging state, declared gate, and unresolved Tiangong UUID substitutions

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
stock_capture_hatchery_transfer_and_stocking	Stock Capture, Hatchery, Transfer, and Stocking	required	biological starting condition must be declared; capture-based stock capture and transfer are included when used; on-site hatchery and nursery rows are included when controlled by the reporting operator	foreground/upstream bridge	accepted juveniles or stocked tuna entering controlled grow-out or fattening
growout_fattening_and_husbandry	Grow-out, Fattening, and Husbandry	required		foreground production	harvest-size farmed tuna-category fish before final handling
harvest_live_holding_chilling_and_packout	Harvest, Live Holding, Chilling, and Pack-out	required		foreground conditioning and gate release	declared marketable live, fresh, or chilled product
delivery_to_declared_gate	Delivery to Declared Gate	conditional	include when the reference flow is delivered product beyond the farm, harvest, dispatch, or packhouse gate	foreground transport	delivered product at declared gate

Process: Stock Capture, Hatchery, Transfer, and Stocking (stock_capture_hatchery_transfer_and_stocking)

Inputs

Product flows

Hatchery, supplier, or captured juvenile stock input (biological_stock_input)

This row records purchased, internally produced, transferred, or capture-based tuna stock entering the declared aquaculture route.

• Selected flow: Juvenile tuna 20aa3377-d508-4626-bddd-867de01d7ba7; route-specific broodstock, egg, larval, supplier fish, or captured wild stock selected from foreground records
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count with life stage / kg, item, egg count, or stage count
• Amount rule: measured count, mass where measurable, life stage, accepted quantity, capture or supplier origin, and transfer loss entering hatchery, grow-out, or fattening
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_origin_capture_transfer_and_stocking_records
• Sources: fao-atlantic-bluefin-tuna-culture, fao-capture-based-aquaculture-2008, fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional biological stock screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg biological stock live mass/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass juvenile, subadult, or supplier stock live mass input relative to marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Transfer water, oxygen, fuel, and handling inputs (transfer_water_oxygen_fuel_and_handling_inputs)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff; Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816; route-specific oxygen, towing, vessel service, anesthetic, or transfer material selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass, volume, fuel, or energy / kg, m3, L, MJ, or kWh
• Amount rule: measured or allocated water, oxygen, vessel fuel, towing, transport, anesthetic, transfer equipment, and handling inputs by stocking event
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per stocking event and per 1,000 kg marketable reference product after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_origin_capture_transfer_and_stocking_records
• Sources: fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional transfer input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg, m3, L, MJ, or kWh/1,000 kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass transfer and stocking support input check
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Transfer mortalities and rejected stock (transfer_mortalities_and_rejected_stock)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508; route-specific mortality, rejected stock, and organic residue selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count / kg or item
• Amount rule: measured mortality count, mortality mass where available, rejected stock, residue mass, disposal route, and recovery route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per stocking event and per 1,000 kg marketable reference product after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_residue_and_escape_records
• Range: Provisional transfer mortality screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg mortality/kg stock input
  • Basis: broad mortality and rejection check during capture, transfer, acclimation, and stocking
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Accepted stock for grow-out or fattening (accepted_stock_for_growout_or_fattening)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Juvenile tuna 20aa3377-d508-4626-bddd-867de01d7ba7
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count with mean size / kg or item
• Amount rule: calculated accepted stock after capture, receipt, transport, acclimation, grading, and transfer losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: accepted stock entering controlled grow-out or fattening
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_origin_capture_transfer_and_stocking_records
• Range: Stock acceptance mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg biological stock input
  • Basis: accepted stock fraction after capture or receipt, transport, acclimation, grading, and transfer
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Grow-out, Fattening, and Husbandry (growout_fattening_and_husbandry)

Inputs

Product flows

Stocked tuna entering grow-out or fattening (stocked_tuna_entering_growout_or_fattening)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Juvenile tuna 20aa3377-d508-4626-bddd-867de01d7ba7
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count / kg or item
• Amount rule: accepted stock allocated to each cage, tank, net pen, or site with stocking date, mean mass, count, and biomass
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_stock_origin_capture_transfer_and_stocking_records
• Sources: fao-atlantic-bluefin-tuna-culture, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional stocked biomass screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0.001
  • Upper: 20
  • Unit: kg stocked biomass/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass stocked biomass relative to marketable product
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Feed, fresh bait, and feed additives (feed_fresh_bait_and_feed_additives)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Fresh bait 40685ba7-0e7f-41bc-92b0-cec9e6696f19; Fry feed 3b09065d-9675-4dad-8d0e-1035b5cca324; route-specific grow-out feed, bait fish, live feed, medicines, supplements, or additives selected from foreground records
• Flow property / unit: Mass, volume, active ingredient, or dose / kg, L, g active ingredient, or dose
• Amount rule: measured formulated feed, fresh bait, frozen bait, live feed, medicated feed, additives, feeding losses, and supplier or bait species basis
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per grow-out or fattening batch and per 1,000 kg marketable reference product after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_bait_and_feed_composition_records
• Sources: fao-atlantic-bluefin-tuna-culture, fao-capture-based-aquaculture-2008, asc-feed-standard-2026, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional feed and bait screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg feed or bait/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass feed or bait input check for tuna hatchery, grow-out, ranching, and fattening routes
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Grow-out water, energy, fuel, cage materials, and services (growout_water_energy_fuel_cage_materials_and_services)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff; Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df; Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816; route-specific oxygen, netting, cage, anchor, float, boat service, cleaning, diving, monitoring, or maintenance input selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass, volume, energy, fuel, item count, length, or service quantity / kg, m3, kWh, L, MJ, item, m, or service unit
• Amount rule: measured or allocated water where controlled, electricity, vessel fuel, cage materials, net cleaning, monitoring, oxygenation, farm servicing, and maintenance inputs
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per culture unit and per 1,000 kg marketable reference product after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_energy_vessel_cage_and_site_records
• Sources: fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional grow-out input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 10000
  • Unit: kg, m3, kWh, L, MJ, item, or m/1,000 kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass cage, vessel, energy, water, oxygen, and site input check
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Mortalities, uneaten feed, residues, and escaped fish (mortalities_uneaten_feed_residues_and_escaped_fish)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508; route-specific mortalities, uneaten feed, fish residue, net cleaning residue, escape organism, and waste-treatment flow selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count / kg or item
• Amount rule: measured mortality count and mass, feed residue, sludge or organic residue, escape count where applicable, fate, disposal route, recovery route, and receiving environment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per grow-out or fattening batch and per 1,000 kg marketable reference product after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_residue_and_escape_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional grow-out residue screening estimate
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5
  • Unit: kg residue/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass mortality, residue, and uneaten feed check
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Harvest-size farmed tuna biomass (harvest_size_farmed_tuna_biomass)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated harvest-size live biomass after stocking, growth, feed or bait inputs, mortalities, escapes, and grading
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: harvest-size biomass entering final handling
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_product_packout_records
• Range: Harvest biomass mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50
  • Unit: kg harvest-size biomass/kg stocked biomass
  • Basis: broad growth, survival, and fattening mass-balance check
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Process: Harvest, Live Holding, Chilling, and Pack-out (harvest_live_holding_chilling_and_packout)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested tuna entering final handling (harvested_tuna_entering_final_handling)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured harvested biomass entering grading, bleeding, live holding, chilling, packing, or dispatch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable reference product
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_product_packout_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Final handling input QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg harvested biomass/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad yield and handling-loss check for live, fresh, or chilled product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Chilling, packaging, water, electricity, and ice inputs (chilling_packaging_water_electricity_and_ice_inputs)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Packaging, unspecified 7336a8ee-9e4d-49a6-9fe5-ce285f613245; Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff; Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df; route-specific ice, gel pack, oxygen, live-pack material, box, liner, refrigerant, or pallet selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass, volume, energy, or item count / kg, m3, kWh, or item
• Amount rule: measured packaging, ice, chilling, washing, live-holding oxygen, electricity, refrigerant service, and dispatch preparation quantities
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_ice_chilling_and_dispatch_records
• Sources: codex-cxc-52-2003, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional final handling input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kg, m3, kWh, or item/1,000 kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad first-pass packaging, ice, water, live-holding, and chilling input check
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Handling rejects, bleed water, packaging waste, and residues (handling_rejects_bleed_water_packaging_waste_and_residues)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Sludge 725c8f6e-7975-4155-a250-1f95ef70c508; route-specific rejects, bleed water, wastewater, packaging waste, viscera, and fish residue selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured rejected fish, handling losses, bleed water, wastewater, packaging waste, residue mass, disposal route, recovery route, and receiving environment
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_residue_and_escape_records
• Range: Final handling residue QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg residue/kg marketable product
  • Basis: broad reject, bleed-water solids, packaging waste, and residue check
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable live, fresh, or chilled farmed tuna (marketable_live_fresh_or_chilled_farmed_tuna)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: fixed reference output after declared grading, chilling, drainage, packaging tare exclusion, and product-form normalization
• Value mode: Fixed value (fixed_value)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: 1 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)
• Range: Fixed reference output QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: fixed reference flow output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Identity reference (identity_reference)

Process: Delivery to Declared Gate (delivery_to_declared_gate)

Inputs

Product flows

Delivery fuel, electricity, refrigerant service, and packaging support (delivery_fuel_electricity_refrigerant_and_packaging_support)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816; Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df; route-specific transport service, refrigerant service, ice, live-holding oxygen, or reusable packaging support selected from site records
• Flow property / unit: Fuel, energy, mass, or transport service / L, MJ, kWh, kg, or tonne-km
• Amount rule: include only when the declared reference flow is delivered beyond the farm, harvest, dispatch, or packhouse gate; record distance, mode, load factor, temperature control, live-holding condition, and return logistics where relevant
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg delivered reference product or tonne-km
• Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery_records
• Range: Provisional delivery screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: tonne-km/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass delivery activity check when delivery is in scope
  • Basis kind: Transport service (transport_service)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Delivered farmed tuna at declared gate (delivered_farmed_tuna_at_declared_gate)

This row records the selected exchange within the declared process and system boundary.

• Selected flow: Farmed tunas, skipjack or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh or chilled 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: delivered mass at the declared gate, excluding transport packaging tare and ice unless contractually part of the product basis
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: delivered reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_delivery_records
• Range: Delivered product mass QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg delivered reference product
  • Basis: delivered reference product mass after route allocation and product-basis normalization
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

allocation_id	Applies to	Rule	Required data	Source
single_reference_product_default	marketable live, fresh, or chilled farmed tuna output	Treat the declared reference product as the single reference product unless roe, offal, mortalities, residues, or processing outputs are intentionally recovered as co-products.	marketable mass, rejected mass, recovered co-product mass, destination, and revenue or physical relation where co-products are claimed	mass-balance-identity
capture_based_stock_boundary	capture-based aquaculture routes	Do not allocate away wild stock capture, transfer losses, or mortality by excluding them from the foreground package. Assign them to the aquaculture product unless a reviewed upstream wild-stock dataset and allocation rule are declared.	stock capture or purchase records, transfer loss, accepted stocked biomass, discarded or dead stock, and permit evidence	fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011
shared_site_and_cage_allocation	multi-species, multi-lot, or shared-service farms	Allocate shared electricity, vessel fuel, oxygen, site service, net cleaning, and holding infrastructure by measured meter, batch log, biomass-time, cage-time, or another declared physical driver before economic allocation.	meters, service logs, cage or tank occupancy, biomass-time, harvest mass, and allocation driver	asc-farm-standard-2025
packaging_and_delivery_allocation	mixed-product packing or delivery	Allocate packaging, ice, live-holding, refrigeration, and delivery loads by measured product mass, package count, pallet, trip, temperature-control zone, or tonne-km as applicable.	dispatch records, package counts, load mass, distance, temperature condition, and return logistics	codex-cxc-52-2003

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_stock_origin_capture_transfer_and_stocking_records	stock_capture_hatchery_transfer_and_stocking; growout_fattening_and_husbandry	biological stock, capture-based stock, transfer, accepted stocking	hatchery record, supplier invoice, capture log, permit, transfer log, stocking log, mortality log	species, origin, capture area, permit, supplier, life stage, count, mean mass, total mass, transfer route, stocking date, cage or tank, accepted count, accepted mass, transfer mortality	batch records reconciled to cage or tank inventory	kg, item, date, permit id	each stocking event	full reporting period or production campaign	hatchery, supplier, capture vessel, transfer route, cage, tank, or farm site	reconcile source stock plus transfers minus mortalities and rejects to accepted stocked biomass; normalize to marketable output	supplier documents, permits, transfer logs, cage inventory, mortality records, and manager sign-off
cp_feed_bait_and_feed_composition_records	growout_fattening_and_husbandry	feed, fresh bait, formulated feed, additives, feeding losses	feed invoice, feed log, bait purchase, bait species log, formulation sheet, feeding record	feed or bait type, supplier, species, mass, dry/wet/as-fed basis, moisture, feeding date, cage or lot, uneaten feed, additive or medication, marine ingredient disclosure	weigh tickets, supplier declarations, feed-system records, and stockkeeper logs	kg, %, dose, date	each feed delivery and feeding period	full grow-out or fattening campaign	each cage, tank, site, and feed supplier	sum feed or bait mass by batch and basis; convert only with moisture or supplier evidence; normalize to marketable output	invoices, feed declarations, feed logs, formulation sheets, and reconciliation to inventory
cp_water_energy_vessel_cage_and_site_records	growout_fattening_and_husbandry; stock_capture_hatchery_transfer_and_stocking	water, oxygen, electricity, fuel, vessel service, cage materials, site service	meter log, fuel invoice, vessel log, oxygen log, cage maintenance log, net cleaning log, service invoice	electricity, fuel, oxygen, water, vessel hours, distance, cage, net, anchor, float, cleaning, maintenance, allocation driver, site and batch	metered records, invoices, vessel logs, and maintenance records	kWh, L, MJ, kg, m3, item, m, h, tonne-km	monthly and each major operation	full reporting period or campaign	farm site, vessel, cage, tank, hatchery, or delivery route	allocate shared records by direct meter, operation log, biomass-time, cage-time, or declared physical driver	meter readings, invoices, service logs, allocation worksheet, and calibration records where relevant
cp_mortality_residue_and_escape_records	stock_capture_hatchery_transfer_and_stocking; growout_fattening_and_husbandry; harvest_live_holding_chilling_and_packout	mortalities, rejected stock, residue, uneaten feed, sludge, escapes, wastewater	mortality log, escape report, residue log, wastewater record, disposal note	date, species, count, mass, cause, cage or tank, fate, disposal route, recovery route, escape count, corrective action, receiving environment	daily husbandry records, incident reports, waste tickets, and treatment records	kg, item, m3, date	each event and monthly reconciliation	full reporting period or campaign	cage, tank, transfer route, harvest area, packhouse, or waste route	sum and classify by fate; reconcile stock balance and product mass; normalize to reference output	mortality records, waste transfer notes, escape incident files, treatment records, and supervisor review
cp_harvest_product_packout_records	growout_fattening_and_husbandry; harvest_live_holding_chilling_and_packout	harvest biomass, grading, product form, marketable output	harvest log, grading sheet, packout record, sales note, scale ticket	harvest date, species, cage or tank, live mass, product form, count, size grade, bleeding or gutting status, chilled or live state, rejected mass, marketable mass, destination	calibrated scales, grading records, sales records, and packhouse reconciliation	kg, item, grade, date	each harvest and packing lot	full reporting period or campaign	harvest site, live-holding unit, packhouse, or dispatch gate	reconcile harvested biomass plus purchases minus rejects and residues to marketable output; normalize all flows to 1 kg reference product	scale calibration, harvest sheets, packout records, dispatch records, and sales reconciliation
cp_packaging_ice_chilling_and_dispatch_records	harvest_live_holding_chilling_and_packout	packaging, ice, live holding, chilling, washing, refrigerant service	packaging invoice, ice log, temperature log, water meter, oxygen log, refrigerant service record, dispatch sheet	packaging material, item count, tare, ice mass, oxygen, water, electricity, refrigerant service, temperature, holding time, lot, destination	invoices, meters, temperature records, and dispatch records	kg, item, m3, kWh, deg C, h	each packing lot and monthly reconciliation	harvest, holding, packing, and dispatch period	packhouse, live-holding unit, cold room, dispatch gate	allocate to product lots by measured lot, package count, product mass, holding time, or temperature-control zone	invoices, temperature logs, calibration records, dispatch sheets, and operator review
cp_delivery_records	delivery_to_declared_gate	delivered product, transport energy, live or chilled delivery condition	delivery note, transport invoice, fuel record, route plan, temperature or live-holding log	origin, destination, distance, mode, load mass, fuel, electricity, ice, oxygen, temperature, live-holding duration, return logistics	carrier documents, vehicle logs, meter records, and dispatch reconciliation	kg, km, tonne-km, L, kWh, h, deg C	each delivery route	delivery period in declared scope	delivery route, vehicle, vessel, or carrier	calculate tonne-km and allocate fuel or service by load mass, distance, temperature zone, and return logistics where relevant	carrier invoice, route record, temperature log, and dispatch sign-off

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_product	all inventory rows	normalized amount = collected amount / marketable reference product mass, with unit and product-form basis retained	collected amount, marketable product mass, product basis	kg, kWh, L, item, m3, or tonne-km per kg reference product	mass-balance-identity
stock_acceptance_balance	stocking and transfer	accepted stocked biomass = source stock mass + transferred-in mass - transfer mortalities - rejected stock - documented transfer losses	source stock, transfers, mortalities, rejects, transfer loss	accepted stocked biomass	fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011
growth_and_survival_balance	grow-out and fattening	harvest-size biomass = stocked biomass + biological growth - mortalities - escapes - rejects, checked against harvest records	stocked biomass, feed or bait records, mortalities, escapes, harvest records	harvest-size biomass and survival disclosure	fao-atlantic-bluefin-tuna-culture, asc-farm-standard-2025
feed_or_bait_conversion_disclosure	feed and bait rows	feed or bait ratio = feed or bait mass on declared basis / live biomass gain or marketable output; do not mix dry, wet, live, or thawed bases without conversion evidence	feed or bait mass, moisture or basis, biomass gain, marketable output	declared feed or bait ratio and basis	asc-feed-standard-2026, fao-capture-based-aquaculture-2008
product_form_yield	harvested and packed product	marketable product mass = harvested mass - rejected mass - bleed, gutting, drainage, ice, tare, and handling losses according to declared product basis	harvest mass, rejected mass, product-form records, packout records	marketable live, fresh, or chilled mass	codex-cxc-52-2003
delivery_tonne_kilometres	delivered reference product	tonne-km = delivered product mass in tonnes x one-way or contract-declared route distance; allocate temperature-control or live-holding inputs by load share	delivered mass, distance, route, load factor, temperature or live-holding condition	tonne-km and delivered product inventory	mass-balance-identity

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
dq_identity	reference product and biological stock	Species, product category, farmed or aquaculture-fattened status, stock origin, capture-based status, culture route, product form, and declared gate must be explicit.	reference flow metadata, stocking records, permits, harvest records, and sales or dispatch records
dq_capture_based_traceability	capture-based aquaculture routes	Wild stock capture or purchase, permit, transfer loss, stocking event, controlled fattening period, and harvest output must be traceable and reconciled.	capture logs, supplier invoices, movement permits, transfer logs, cage inventory, mortality records, and harvest records
dq_mass_balance	stock, feed, mortality, harvest, and packout	Stocking, growth, mortality, escape, residue, harvest, reject, and marketable product records must reconcile within declared tolerance; unexplained gaps require disclosure.	mass-balance worksheet, scale tickets, cage records, packout records, and supervisor review
dq_feed_bait_basis	feed and bait records	Feed and bait basis must distinguish formulated feed, fresh bait, frozen bait, live feed, dry matter, wet mass, thawed mass, medicated feed, and supplier species or composition where available.	feed invoices, bait species logs, formulation sheets, feed declarations, and feeding records
dq_temporal_coverage	all foreground rows	Data must cover the full production or fattening campaign and final handling period, or disclose partial-year, partial-batch, or proxy coverage.	reporting calendar, batch records, harvest records, and coverage statement
dq_boundary_disclosure	all datasets	The dataset must disclose whether upstream stock capture, hatchery production, feed, bait, packaging, delivery, capital goods, and infrastructure are foreground, linked upstream datasets, or excluded by scope.	dataset boundary statement, supplier records, upstream dataset links, and scope declaration

9. Validation Rules

rule_id	Rule	Severity	Failure message
val_reference_flow_uuid	Reference product flow UUID equals 2d170776-6886-4a54-9341-ee064d0f182a unless a more specific Tiangong farmed tuna-category product flow is documented.	error	Reference flow must use the farmed tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito product identity or document a reviewed replacement.
val_not_wild_only	Dataset has controlled aquaculture, ranching, or fattening evidence beyond wild capture and post-capture handling.	error	Wild capture only belongs under the wild tuna PCR, not this farmed product PCR.
val_capture_based_stock_trace	Capture-based routes include capture or supplier origin, permit or legal evidence, transfer, stocking, mortality, and harvest reconciliation.	error	Capture-based aquaculture route is missing required stock traceability evidence.
val_mass_basis	Product mass basis is declared as live, fresh, chilled, gutted, bled, drained, ice-excluded, or another stated product basis.	error	Product mass basis is missing or ambiguous.
val_feed_bait_basis	Feed or bait rows distinguish dry, wet, fresh, frozen, live, thawed, medicated, or declared feed basis.	warning	Feed or bait basis should be declared before comparing or normalizing inputs.
val_required_qualifiers	Required qualifiers are present in metadata or process notes.	warning	Reference flow qualifiers are incomplete.
val_structured_sync	structured.yaml is regenerated from the bilingual Markdown after edits.	error	Structured projection is out of sync with authored PCR Markdown.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground production dataset for farmed tunas, skipjack, or stripe-bellied bonito, live, fresh, or chilled
downstream_use	secondary_dataset; background_dataset; foreground reference for process or lifecyclemodel construction when site-specific aquaculture records are retained
allowed_use	LCA modelling of declared farmed or aquaculture-fattened tuna-category live, fresh, or chilled product at farm, harvest, dispatch, packhouse, or delivered gate
excluded_use	wild tuna that is only captured and handled; frozen tuna; processed tuna; canned tuna; fillets or loins; non-tuna farmed fish; ornamental fish; fish seed; roe, oil, offal, mortalities, sludge, or residues as separate products; ecosystem-service credits without a separate reviewed method
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; CPC 3.0 code; species; stock origin; capture-based status; culture system; stocking date and biomass; product form; size grade; live/fresh/chilled state; feed or bait basis; mortality and escape disclosure; harvest and holding condition; packaging state; declared gate; geography; reporting period; data owner; unresolved UUID substitutions
required_quality_disclosure	farmed production evidence, capture-based stock traceability where applicable, mass balance closure, feed and bait basis, temporal coverage, allocation basis, upstream dataset links, missing foreground records, proxy rows, and reasoned-estimate ranges used only for QA screening
update_trigger	new Tiangong flow identities for tuna eggs, larvae, juveniles, formulated feed, bait species, oxygen, cage materials, escapes, residues, ice, or delivery services; reviewed quantitative evidence for feed conversion, mortality, transfer loss, fuel, cage service, or chilling ranges; updated FAO, Codex, ASC, or legal requirements; classification mapping change

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-atlantic-bluefin-tuna-culture	official_guidance	FAO Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme, Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) cultured species profile, https://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/thunnus_thynnus/en	tuna aquaculture route, product boundary, stock and husbandry context
fao-capture-based-aquaculture-2008	literature	FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 508, Capture-based aquaculture: global overview, including bluefin tuna chapter, https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/y5258e	capture-based aquaculture process decomposition, stock capture and fattening context
fao-capture-based-aquaculture-guidelines-2011	official_guidance	FAO Technical Guidelines for Responsible Fisheries, Responsible use of wild fishery resources for capture-based aquaculture, https://www.fao.org/4/ba0059e/ba0059e.pdf	capture-based boundary, stock traceability, transfer, permit, and responsible-use disclosure
codex-cxc-52-2003	standard	Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice for Fish and Fishery Products, CXC 52-2003, https://www.fao.org/input/download/standards/10273/CXP_052e.pdf	live, fresh, chilled fish handling, hygiene, product-state and final handling context
asc-farm-standard-2025	standard	Aquaculture Stewardship Council, ASC Farm Standard v1.0.1, 2025, https://programme-centre.asc-aqua.org/app/uploads/2025/08/ASC-STD-001-ASC-Farm-Standard-V1.0.1-Aug-2025.pdf	farm management, traceability, mortality, escape, health, welfare, and environmental disclosure
asc-feed-standard-2026	standard	Aquaculture Stewardship Council, ASC Feed Standard v1.2 update, https://asc-aqua.org/producers/get-certified-feed-mill/asc-feed-standard-v1-2-update/	feed supplier and ingredient disclosure context
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	PCR internal mass-balance identity: output equals measured inputs plus growth or transformation minus losses under declared product basis	normalization, allocation, stock balance, yield, and delivery calculations