Farmed abalone, live, fresh or chilled

1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR guides foreground data package construction for farmed abalone (Haliotis spp.) placed on the market as live, fresh, or chilled product. It covers declared seed or juvenile supply, optional on-site hatchery and nursery activity, grow-out in land-based tanks or raceways, suspended or cage systems, or declared sea-ranch grow-out, harvest, grading, live holding, chilling, packaging, and delivery to the declared gate.

Excluded products are wild abalone, frozen, smoked, dried, salted, brined, cooked, canned, otherwise prepared or preserved abalone, abalone seed sold as a separate aquaculture input, generic mollusc products without abalone identity, and shell or meat by-products with a separate non-food reference flow.

2. Product Category Identity

Field	Value
canonical_pcr_id	pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.fish-crustaceans-molluscs-and-other-aquatic-invertebrates-products.farmed-abalone-live-fresh-or-chilled
classification_refs	CPC 3.0 04412, Farmed abalone, live, fresh or chilled
covered_products	farmed Haliotis spp. sold live, fresh, or chilled, shell-on or declared shucked form, from aquaculture production systems
excluded_products	wild abalone; frozen, smoked, dried, salted, brined, cooked, canned, prepared, or preserved abalone; aquaculture seed sold as seed; shell waste or shell products; non-abalone molluscs
representative_product	live or chilled farmed abalone at declared market size and declared product form
production_route	hatchery or purchased juvenile input, nursery where relevant, grow-out husbandry, harvest, grading, live holding or chilling, packaging, and declared gate release
market_state	live, fresh, or chilled abalone with declared species, product form, culture system, size grade, shell-on or shucked state, and gate

3. Reference Flow

Field	Value
What	farmed abalone as live, fresh, or chilled market product
How much	1 kg
How well	declared species or hybrid, product form, live/fresh/chilled state, shell-on or shucked basis, size grade, harvest and holding condition, and culture system
How long or cycle	one production batch, harvest lot, or reporting period normalized to marketable product output
reference_flow_link	Reference amount and product flow below

Field	Value
Reference amount	1 kg
Reference product flow	Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
Reference flow property	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66
Reference unit group	Units of mass 93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66
Reference unit	kg
Required qualifiers	species or hybrid; culture system; seed or juvenile source; product state; shell-on or shucked basis; size grade; moisture or drainage basis; geography and declared gate; holding or chilling duration; feed regime; permit or certification status

When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in Required qualifiers must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package.

Mass is the primary reference basis. Count records may be used only when mean individual mass and product form are retained so the foreground package can convert count to kg product.

4. Measurement and Unit Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Required property	Required unit	Rule
reference_mass	reference product	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	The reference flow must be expressed as kg farmed abalone in the declared live, fresh, or chilled product form.
product_form_mass_basis	shell-on, shucked, drained, or chilled product records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Product mass must state whether it is shell-on live weight, shell-on chilled weight, shucked meat mass, drained mass, or another contract-declared basis. Convert only with measured yield evidence.
count_to_mass_conversion	stocking, mortality, grading, and sales count records	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Count-based records must include mean individual mass, size grade, and sampling method before normalization to kg reference product.
water_volume_or_mass	seawater intake, process water, live holding water, and wastewater	Mass or volume	kg or m3	Preserve the original measured unit and conversion basis. For flow-through or open-water systems, distinguish pumped water from ambient water passing through the culture site.
feed_mass_basis	macroalgae, seaweed, formulated feed, and mixed feed	Mass 93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66	kg	Feed inputs must state wet mass, dry mass, or as-fed mass. Convert between wet and dry basis only when measured moisture or supplier data are available.
energy_inventory	pumping, aeration, filtration, lighting, chilling, live holding, and delivery energy	Energy or fuel quantity	kWh, MJ, L, or kg	Record original electricity, fuel, or energy carrier units before normalizing to the reference flow.
feed_marine_fraction	formulated feed containing fishmeal, fish oil, or other marine ingredients	Mass fraction	kg/kg feed	Declare feed composition or supplier formulation when marine ingredient dependency or ASC feed-efficiency indicators are used.

Key product attributes are foreground qualifiers recorded alongside the mass reference flow:

Attribute	Common unit	Required handling
Species or hybrid	scientific and common name	required for all datasets
Culture system	land-based raceway, RAS, suspended cage, sea ranch, or other declared system	required for system boundary and water discharge interpretation
Product form	live shell-on, fresh shell-on, chilled shell-on, shucked fresh, or declared variant	required for mass-basis interpretation
Size grade	shell length, count per kg, or market grade	required when count or grade records are used
Feed regime	macroalgae, formulated feed, mixed feed, or natural feed at sea-ranch site	required for feed inventory and source disclosure

5. System Boundary

The default boundary covers foreground-controlled farmed abalone production to the declared farm, harvest, packhouse, or delivery gate:

1. Seed or juvenile sourcing, including on-site hatchery and nursery activity when controlled by the reporting operator, or purchased juvenile disclosure when supplied by another hatchery.
2. Grow-out husbandry, including culture units, stocking, feed, water movement, aeration, filtration, biofouling control, mortality management, predator or escape controls, and directly controlled maintenance.
3. Harvest, grading, purging or depuration when performed, live holding, chilling, packaging, and declared gate release.
4. Delivery to the declared gate when the reference product is delivered rather than farm-gate product.

Capital goods, infrastructure construction, and long-term habitat modification are included only when the declared data package scope requires them. Feed and seed upstream datasets are linked as upstream inputs unless the same operator controls and reports their production in the foreground package.

Boundary Abstraction

Field	Value
declared_starting_condition	declared_seed_or_juvenile_stocking_event
starting_condition_role	aquaculture_stock_identity_and_biological_starting_condition
product_classification_scope	current CPC 3.0 product category 04412, Farmed abalone, live, fresh or chilled
recursive_input_rule	farmed abalone seed or juveniles used to produce market abalone are recorded as declared seed or juvenile starting condition with supplier or hatchery disclosure, not recursively as finished reference product output
upstream_dataset_requirement	seed or juvenile supplier dataset, on-site hatchery records, or documented source, species, batch, mass or count, size, health status, and certification or permit evidence
disclosure	disclose species or hybrid, culture system, stocking batch, feed regime, water source and discharge route, grow-out duration, mortalities, harvest and holding conditions, product form, packaging state, and unresolved Tiangong UUID substitutions

6. Process Inventory Structure

Process Map

process_id	process_name	inclusion	inclusion_condition	role	quantitative_reference
seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery	Seed Supply, Hatchery, and Nursery	required	purchased seed or on-site hatchery path must be declared	foreground/upstream bridge	stocked juvenile abalone entering grow-out
growout_husbandry	Grow-out Husbandry	required		foreground production	harvest-size abalone before pack-out
harvest_grading_and_live_holding	Harvest, Grading, and Live Holding	required		foreground conditioning and gate release	declared marketable live, fresh, or chilled abalone
delivery_to_declared_gate	Delivery to Declared Gate	conditional	include when the reference flow is delivered product beyond the farm or packhouse gate	foreground transport	delivered product at declared gate

Process: Seed Supply, Hatchery, and Nursery (seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery)

Inputs

Product flows

Broodstock, seed, or juvenile abalone input (seed_or_juvenile_abalone_input)

This row records purchased juveniles, transferred nursery stock, or broodstock-derived seed entering the foreground production route.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count with mean mass / kg or item
• Amount rule: measured seed or juvenile count and mass entering the declared grow-out batch
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_stocking_records
• Sources: fao-abalone-breeding-1990, ca-dfg-culture-of-abalone
• Range: Provisional seed input screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg seed or juvenile live mass/kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass seed or juvenile mass input relative to marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Hatchery and nursery water (hatchery_nursery_water)

This row covers metered process water, seawater, or recirculation make-up water used in on-site hatchery and nursery operations.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured water intake, make-up water, or recirculation replacement volume
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable abalone output or per stocking batch before normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records
• Sources: fao-abalone-breeding-1990
• Range: Provisional hatchery and nursery water screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass pumped or supplied water for seed production relative to marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Hatchery and nursery electricity (hatchery_nursery_electricity)

This row covers electricity for pumps, aeration, filtration, lighting, algal feed culture, temperature control, and water treatment in on-site hatchery or nursery operations.

• Selected flow: Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity or allocated electricity records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg marketable abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional hatchery electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass on-site hatchery and nursery electricity relative to marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Hatchery mortalities and biofouling residue (hatchery_mortalities_and_biofouling_residue)

This row records eggs, larvae, juveniles, biofouling, algal residue, shell fragments, or other organic residue removed from on-site hatchery and nursery systems.

• Selected flow: Select route-specific organic aquaculture residue or mortality waste flow
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured or estimated residue and mortality mass with declared fate
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per stocked juvenile batch and per 1,000 kg marketable output after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_and_residue_records
• Range: Provisional hatchery residue screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg residue/kg stocked juvenile live mass
  • Basis: broad first-pass residue or mortality mass relative to stocked juvenile live mass
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary input is specified for seed supply. Add site-specific seawater withdrawal, land occupation, or marine area occupation flows when the Tiangong identity and site scope are selected.

Outputs

Product flows

Stocked juvenile abalone (stocked_juvenile_abalone)

This output carries the declared seed or juvenile stock into grow-out.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count with mean mass / kg or item
• Amount rule: calculated stocked mass or count after nursery transfer losses
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: stocked juvenile batch entering grow-out
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_stocking_records
• Range: Stocking mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg seed or juvenile input
  • Basis: stocked juvenile fraction after seed receipt, sorting, and nursery transfer
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

No additional default waste output is specified beyond recorded hatchery mortalities and residues.

Elementary flows

No default elementary output is specified for seed supply. Add direct emissions from site-specific water treatment, chemical use, or fuel combustion when measured.

Process: Grow-out Husbandry (growout_husbandry)

Inputs

Product flows

Stocked juvenile transfer to grow-out (stocked_juvenile_transfer_to_growout)

This row transfers stocked juveniles into the declared grow-out culture system.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass or count with mean mass / kg or item
• Amount rule: stocked juvenile mass or count by grow-out unit
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per grow-out batch before harvest normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_seed_stocking_records
• Range: Provisional stocked juvenile transfer estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0.01
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg stocked juveniles/kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass stocked juvenile mass per marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Macroalgae or seaweed feed (macroalgae_or_seaweed_feed)

This row records kelp, Laminaria, Gracilaria, or other macroalgae feed supplied to the abalone culture units.

• Selected flow: Laminaria a79a3a63-1c4a-4cd4-83cc-5f3bc3cb70af
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg wet or dry basis declared
• Amount rule: measured feed issued to culture units, with wet or dry basis and leftovers recorded where material
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_records
• Sources: seafood-watch-abalone-worldwide-2022, fao-abalone-breeding-1990
• Range: Provisional macroalgae feed screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 30000
  • Unit: kg wet macroalgae/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass wet macroalgae feed issued per marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Formulated aquaculture feed (formulated_aquaculture_feed)

This row is used when formulated pellets or mixed feed supplement or replace macroalgae feed.

• Selected flow: Fry feed 3b09065d-9675-4dad-8d0e-1035b5cca324
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg as-fed or dry basis declared
• Amount rule: measured feed issued by product and batch, with supplier formulation or feed class retained
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_feed_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025, seafood-watch-abalone-worldwide-2022
• Range: Provisional formulated feed screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kg formulated feed/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass formulated feed issued per marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Grow-out water movement or make-up water (growout_water_movement_or_makeup)

This row records pumped seawater, make-up water, or supplied water for land-based or recirculating grow-out systems. For open sea-ranch or cage systems, record only foreground-controlled pumping, flushing, or supplied water.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: metered intake, pumped volume, or make-up water volume with system type declared
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional grow-out water screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass pumped or supplied water use across RAS, raceway, and flow-through systems
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Grow-out electricity (growout_electricity)

This row covers electricity for pumping, aeration, filtration, lighting, sensors, automatic feeding, and culture-unit operation.

• Selected flow: Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered electricity or allocated electricity records for grow-out operations
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Sources: asc-abalone-standard-2012, asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional grow-out electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 50000
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass electricity demand across low-energy sea-ranch and energy-intensive land-based systems
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Grow-out fuel and workboat energy (growout_fuel_and_workboat_energy)

This row covers diesel or other fuel for workboats, forklifts, generators, farm vehicles, or directly controlled maintenance activity.

• Selected flow: Diesel oil 9d258d75-6792-4f1c-9856-81602ed8f816
• Flow property / unit: Fuel quantity / L, kg, or MJ
• Amount rule: measured fuel purchase, tank records, vessel logs, or allocated farm-vehicle fuel
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Route-specific (route_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_transport_records
• Range: Provisional grow-out fuel screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1000
  • Unit: L diesel-equivalent/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass directly controlled fuel use per marketable output
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Grow-out mortalities and shell residue (growout_mortalities_and_shell_residue)

This row records mortalities, shells, broken product, predator-damaged animals, and organic residues removed during grow-out.

• Selected flow: Abalone shells 8caae24b-92f0-4ece-b1de-730bfbe4d9da
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured mortality count, mortality mass, shell residue, and disposal or recovery route
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per grow-out batch and per 1,000 kg marketable output after normalization
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_and_residue_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional mortality and residue screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg mortality or residue/kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass mortality and residue mass relative to marketable output
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Grow-out wastewater or discharged culture water (growout_wastewater_or_discharge)

This row records discharged water, sludge, settled solids, or wastewater treatment outputs when the farm has a point-source discharge or controlled water treatment process.

• Selected flow: Wastewater bc2cd1d5-69d5-42d7-818f-38a69ebb18ef
• Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
• Amount rule: measured discharge volume or calculated from intake minus recirculation and retained water
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Technology-specific (technology_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records
• Sources: asc-farm-standard-2025
• Range: Provisional grow-out discharge screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 100000
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass controlled discharge across RAS, raceway, and flow-through systems
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

Direct carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion (direct_carbon_dioxide_from_fuel_combustion)

This row is included only when the foreground farm directly burns fuel and the process dataset does not already carry combustion emissions.

• Selected flow: carbon dioxide (fossil) 041f5d0e-6556-11dd-ad8b-0800200c9a66
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: calculated from metered fuel records and selected emission factor when direct combustion is modelled in the foreground process
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg harvest-size abalone output
• Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_fuel_and_transport_records
• Range: Provisional direct CO2 screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 3000
  • Unit: kg CO2/1,000 kg marketable abalone
  • Basis: broad first-pass direct fuel combustion CO2 per marketable output
  • Basis kind: Fuel inventory (fuel_inventory)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Outputs

Product flows

Harvest-size farmed abalone (harvest_size_farmed_abalone)

This row records the grow-out output before final grading, live holding, chilling, or pack-out losses.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured harvested live mass by batch, grade, and product form before pack-out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: grow-out process quantitative reference
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_product_records
• Range: Grow-out harvest mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg total live abalone biomass before harvest adjustment
  • Basis: harvested market-size fraction of available biomass in the declared batch
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Waste flows

No additional default waste output is specified beyond grow-out mortalities, shell residue, and controlled water discharge.

Elementary flows

Add direct nutrient, chemical, or habitat-interaction elementary flows when measured or required by local modelling rules.

Process: Harvest, Grading, and Live Holding (harvest_grading_and_live_holding)

Inputs

Product flows

Harvested abalone input to pack-out (harvested_abalone_input_to_packout)

This row transfers harvest-size abalone into grading, purging, live holding, chilling, and pack-out.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured harvested mass entering pack-out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per pack-out batch
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_product_records
• Range: Pack-out input mass-balance QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: harvested abalone input relative to declared marketable reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Live holding and chilling water (live_holding_and_chilling_water)

This row records water, seawater, ice melt, or live holding system water used after harvest.

• Selected flow: Process water ec205030-248c-496f-9cf2-06d9d26dc6ff
• Flow property / unit: Mass or volume / kg or m3
• Amount rule: measured water or ice use for purging, depuration, live holding, chilling, and cleaning
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records
• Range: Provisional holding and chilling water screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2000
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass live holding, purging, and chilling water per reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Pack-out electricity (packout_electricity)

This row covers electricity for live holding, chilling, pumps, aeration, grading equipment, weighing, and packing.

• Selected flow: Electricity f872677d-2f66-428a-a94e-f0fba61231df
• Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
• Amount rule: metered or allocated electricity for harvest, grading, live holding, chilling, and pack-out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_energy_records
• Range: Provisional pack-out electricity screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 5000
  • Unit: kWh/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass harvest, holding, chilling, and pack-out electricity per reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Packaging materials (packaging_materials)

This row records bags, boxes, liners, insulated containers, gel ice packs, labels, and pallets that cross the foreground boundary with the product.

• Selected flow: Plastic Packaging Box and Container 7eb7726d-f3e5-4d23-b24d-dde3f34ff35a
• Flow property / unit: Mass or item count / kg or item
• Amount rule: measured packaging item count and material mass; include capacity or tare mass for count records
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_packaging_records
• Range: Provisional packaging screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 500
  • Unit: kg packaging/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass packaging material mass per reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

Off-grade, damaged, or dead product at pack-out (offgrade_damaged_or_dead_product_packout)

This row records non-marketable product, pack-out mortalities, broken shells, shucking residues when applicable, and rejected animals.

• Selected flow: Abalone shells 8caae24b-92f0-4ece-b1de-730bfbe4d9da
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured reject mass by fate and reason
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_mortality_and_residue_records
• Range: Pack-out reject QA guardrail
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg harvested abalone input
  • Basis: rejected or residue fraction of harvested abalone entering pack-out
  • Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Pack-out wastewater (packout_wastewater)

This row records cleaning, purging, depuration, chilling, or holding water discharged from pack-out operations.

• Selected flow: Wastewater bc2cd1d5-69d5-42d7-818f-38a69ebb18ef
• Flow property / unit: Volume or mass / m3 or kg
• Amount rule: measured or calculated discharge volume and treatment route
• Value mode: Calculated value (calculated_value)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: per 1,000 kg reference product
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (calculated_from_collection)
• Collection protocol: cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records
• Range: Provisional pack-out wastewater screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 2000
  • Unit: m3/1,000 kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass wastewater from live holding, purging, cleaning, and chilling per reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Elementary flows

No default elementary output is specified for pack-out. Add direct refrigerant losses, combustion emissions, or waterborne emissions only when measured or required by the selected modelling rule.

Outputs

Product flows

Marketable farmed abalone reference product (marketable_farmed_abalone_reference_product)

This row is the declared reference product output.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured marketable live, fresh, or chilled product mass after grading and pack-out
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Site-specific (site_specific)
• Normalization basis: reference flow
• Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_product_records
• Range: Reference product identity
  • Range role: QA guardrail (qa_guardrail)
  • Lower: 1
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg/kg reference product
  • Basis: normalized reference product output
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Method formula (method_formula)
  • Sources: mass-balance-identity

Saleable off-grade abalone co-product (saleable_offgrade_abalone_coproduct)

Use this row only when off-grade live, fresh, or chilled abalone remains saleable as a separate grade within the same product family.

• Selected flow: Abalone 7b973a02-b45b-4f5a-a640-a9b5ae65584b
• Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
• Amount rule: measured saleable off-grade mass by grade and destination
• Value mode: Foreground record (foreground_record)
• Specificity: Product-specific (product_specific)
• Normalization basis: per pack-out batch and per reference product after allocation or partitioning
• Basis kind: Process output (process_output)
• Evidence kind: Collected record (collected_record)
• Collection protocol: cp_harvest_and_product_records
• Range: Provisional off-grade product screening estimate
  • Range role: Default estimate (default_estimate)
  • Lower: 0
  • Upper: 1
  • Unit: kg off-grade saleable product/kg reference product
  • Basis: broad first-pass off-grade saleable abalone mass relative to reference product
  • Basis kind: Reference flow (reference_flow)
  • Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (reasoned_estimate)

Waste flows

No additional waste output is specified beyond pack-out rejects and wastewater.

Elementary flows

No default elementary output is specified for the reference pack-out process.

7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

Avoid allocation where batch records can partition burdens by culture unit, harvest lot, grade, product form, or destination. Separate live, fresh, chilled, shell-on, shucked, size-grade, and off-grade products by measured mass before applying allocation.

When a single foreground batch produces several saleable abalone grades within CPC 04412, allocate shared grow-out, harvest, holding, and pack-out burdens by declared product mass unless a reviewed market-value rule is documented. Shells, mortalities, wastewater, sludge, biofouling residue, and broken or dead product are waste or treatment outputs unless they are sold with a separate product dataset and reference flow.

If the same site grows other species or co-products in the same system, allocate shared energy, water, feed preparation, and maintenance records by measured culture-unit service, biomass-time, or product mass in that order of preference. The selected allocation basis must be disclosed.

8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

Data Collection Protocols

protocol_id	process_id	flow_role	record_type	raw_fields	collection_method	unit	frequency	temporal_coverage	site_scope	aggregation_rule	quality_evidence
cp_seed_stocking_records	seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery	seed or juvenile abalone input and stocked juvenile output	hatchery transfer, supplier invoice, stocking log, health certificate	species; batch id; supplier or hatchery; count; mean mass; total mass; size grade; health status; transfer date	supplier records, hatchery logs, stocking count, sampling and weighing	item and kg	each stocking event	complete production batch or reporting year	supplier, hatchery, nursery, and grow-out unit	sum stocked counts and masses by batch; calculate mean mass and survival to grow-out transfer	signed transfer records, sampling sheet, weighing record, health or permit evidence
cp_feed_records	growout_husbandry	macroalgae, seaweed, and formulated feed	feed issue log, supplier invoice, feed formulation, leftover record	feed product; wet/dry/as-fed basis; moisture; quantity issued; leftovers; feed source; marine ingredient fraction when relevant	feed inventory, supplier declarations, farm feeding logs	kg	each feed issue or batch summary	full grow-out period	grow-out unit or farm	normalize net feed supplied to harvest-size output; retain wet/dry conversion basis	feed purchase records, supplier formulation, stock movement logs
cp_water_intake_and_discharge_records	seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery; growout_husbandry; harvest_grading_and_live_holding	water intake, pumped seawater, live holding water, wastewater, and discharge	meter readings, pump logs, discharge permits, water-quality records	intake volume; make-up water; recirculated volume; discharge volume; water source; discharge route; treatment; salinity where relevant	meter, pump runtime calculation, permit report, or water management log	m3 or kg	daily, batch, or reporting period	process-specific operation period	hatchery, grow-out, live holding, packhouse, and discharge point	reconcile intake, recirculation, and discharge; normalize to process output and reference flow	meter calibration, permit report, water-quality monitoring record
cp_energy_records	seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery; growout_husbandry; harvest_grading_and_live_holding	electricity and non-fuel energy	meter reading, utility bill, submeter, equipment log	electricity use; meter id; process allocation; operating hours; chilling or pumping service	utility bill, submeter, runtime allocation	kWh or MJ	monthly or batch	reporting period and production batch overlap	farm, hatchery, grow-out unit, or packhouse	allocate by metered subprocess first, then operating hours or product mass	utility bill, submeter records, allocation worksheet
cp_fuel_and_transport_records	growout_husbandry; delivery_to_declared_gate	diesel, vessel fuel, vehicle fuel, and delivery energy	fuel purchase, tank drawdown, vessel log, delivery log	fuel type; quantity; route; vehicle or vessel; distance; load; process purpose	fuel invoice, tank gauge, vehicle or vessel log	L, kg, MJ, or tonne-km	each trip or reporting period	grow-out, harvest, or delivery period	directly controlled routes and equipment	normalize fuel or tonne-km to product mass; avoid double counting supplier-delivered inputs	fuel invoice, odometer or vessel log, delivery manifest
cp_mortality_and_residue_records	seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery; growout_husbandry; harvest_grading_and_live_holding	mortalities, shells, residues, rejects, and biofouling	mortality log, reject sheet, waste manifest, recovery record	count; mass; reason; fate; date; culture unit; shell or organic residue category	farm log, weighing, waste contractor record	item and kg	event, batch, or reporting period	full production batch or pack-out period	hatchery, grow-out unit, packhouse, waste handling route	sum by fate and normalize to process output and reference product	signed waste record, farm mortality log, mass balance
cp_harvest_and_product_records	growout_husbandry; harvest_grading_and_live_holding	harvest-size product, marketable reference product, and off-grade product	harvest log, grading sheet, sales invoice, pack-out record	harvest date; culture unit; product form; live/fresh/chilled state; shell-on or shucked basis; grade; count; mass; destination	harvest weighing, grader records, packhouse records, invoice	kg and item	each harvest or pack-out batch	declared production batch or reporting period	harvest area, packhouse, and declared gate	reconcile harvested input, marketable output, off-grade product, rejects, and reference product	calibrated scale record, sales invoice, batch reconciliation
cp_packaging_records	harvest_grading_and_live_holding	boxes, liners, bags, labels, ice packs, and pallets	packaging issue log, purchase invoice, bill of materials	packaging item; material; item count; tare mass; capacity; reuse rate; destination	warehouse issue record, bill of materials, supplier invoice	kg and item	each pack-out batch or reporting period	pack-out period	packhouse and delivery preparation	convert count to mass using tare or supplier data; normalize to reference product	supplier specification, packaging issue sheet, scale record

Calculation Rules

rule_id	Applies to	Formula or rule	Inputs	Output	source_ids
normalize_to_reference_flow	all foreground rows	normalized_amount = measured_or_calculated_amount / marketable_reference_product_mass. Preserve raw records and product-form basis.	measured amount; marketable_reference_product_mass	amount per 1 kg reference product	mass-balance-identity
calculate_stocking_survival	seed_supply_hatchery_and_nursery and growout_husbandry	survival_to_harvest = harvested_count / stocked_count, with count-to-mass conversion retained separately.	stocked_count; harvested_count; mortality_count	survival indicator and QA check	mass-balance-identity
calculate_feed_conversion_indicator	growout_husbandry	feed_conversion_indicator = net_feed_mass / harvest_size_abalone_mass on the declared feed mass basis. Do not compare wet and dry feed without conversion evidence.	feed_mass; moisture basis; harvest_size_abalone_mass	feed mass per kg harvest-size abalone	asc-farm-standard-2025
reconcile_packout_mass	harvest_grading_and_live_holding	harvested_input_mass = reference_product_mass + offgrade_saleable_mass + reject_mass + measured holding loss on the same product-form basis.	harvested_input_mass; reference_product_mass; offgrade_mass; reject_mass; holding_loss	pack-out mass balance	mass-balance-identity
calculate_controlled_discharge	water intake and discharge rows	controlled_discharge = measured_discharge or intake - retained_product_water - recirculated_volume adjustment when meters are incomplete.	intake; discharge; recirculated volume; retained water	discharge volume by process	mass-balance-identity
calculate_delivery_transport_service	delivery_to_declared_gate	transport_service = delivered_product_mass_tonnes * one-way controlled delivery distance.	delivered mass; controlled distance	tonne-kilometres	mass-balance-identity

Data Quality Requirements

requirement_id	Applies to	Requirement	Evidence
identity_and_scope	all datasets	Declare CPC code, species or hybrid, culture system, seed source, product form, geography, and declared gate.	dataset metadata, stocking records, product description, permit or certification evidence
mass_basis_consistency	reference product, seed, harvest, pack-out, and rejects	Keep shell-on, shucked, live, fresh, chilled, drained, wet, and dry bases separate unless measured conversion evidence exists.	scale records, product specifications, moisture or drainage evidence
feed_and_water_disclosure	grow-out and hatchery rows	Retain feed type, feed basis, water source, water discharge route, and water quality monitoring where applicable.	feed logs, supplier data, water meter, discharge permit, monitoring report
mortality_and_residue_completeness	seed, grow-out, and pack-out rows	Record mortalities, rejects, shell residue, biofouling residue, and fate by batch or reporting period.	mortality log, reject sheet, waste manifest, recovery record
allocation_transparency	multi-grade or multi-species systems	State the partitioning or allocation basis before publishing a secondary or background dataset.	allocation worksheet, grade mass records, culture-unit records
temporal_representativeness	all foreground rows	Cover a complete production batch, harvest lot, or representative reporting period; disclose partial-cycle datasets.	production calendar, stocking and harvest dates, reporting-period records

9. Validation Rules

A foreground data package conforms to this PCR only when:

• the reference product is normalized to 1 kg farmed abalone in a declared live, fresh, or chilled product form;
• species or hybrid, culture system, seed or juvenile source, product state, product form, size grade, geography, declared gate, holding duration, and feed regime are declared;
• seed or juvenile input, feed, water, energy, fuel, mortality or residue, harvest, pack-out, and packaging records are either present or explicitly marked not applicable with a reason;
• count records include mean individual mass or another transparent conversion to kg;
• feed records distinguish macroalgae, formulated feed, and mixed feed, and keep wet, dry, and as-fed bases separate;
• water rows distinguish pumped or supplied water from ambient open-water exchange;
• pack-out mass balance reconciles harvested input, reference product, saleable off-grade product, rejects, and holding losses;
• same-site multi-species or multi-grade allocation is documented before the dataset is used as a background or secondary dataset.

10. Published Dataset Profile

Field	Value
dataset_role	foreground production package that may be published as a secondary_dataset or background_dataset after review
downstream_use	use as farmed abalone input to seafood processing, food service, retail, cold-chain, or regional food-product lifecycle models
allowed_use	farmed abalone live, fresh, or chilled datasets with declared species, culture system, product form, gate, feed regime, and quality disclosures
excluded_use	wild abalone, frozen/smoked/dried/salted/brined/prepared abalone, generic mollusc datasets, and datasets lacking product-form or culture-system disclosure
required_metadata	canonical PCR id; CPC code; species or hybrid; culture system; seed source; product form; shell-on or shucked basis; size grade; geography; declared gate; holding or chilling duration; feed regime; data period; allocation basis
required_quality_disclosure	missing UUIDs; unresolved seawater or habitat flow identities; feed wet/dry conversion; water discharge route; mortality completeness; pack-out mass balance; partial-cycle or proxy data use
update_trigger	revise when CPC mapping changes, Tiangong abalone, seawater, feed, discharge, or habitat flow identities are updated, ASC or equivalent aquaculture standards change, or reviewed foreground abalone datasets provide better ranges

11. Data Sources

Source id	Type	Reference	Used for
fao-abalone-breeding-1990	handbook	https://www.fao.org/4/ab731e/ab731e00.htm	abalone biology, hatchery, nursery, grow-out stages, feeding, water quality, and production-cycle context
ca-dfg-culture-of-abalone	official_guidance	https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=34422	hatchery, nursery, grow-out system options, transfer timing, and market-size process decomposition
asc-abalone-standard-2012	standard	https://asc-aqua.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/ASC-Abalone-Standard_v1.0.pdf	abalone aquaculture issue areas, energy, feed, biosecurity, ecosystem effects, waste management, and scope context
asc-farm-standard-2025	standard	https://programme-centre.asc-aqua.org/app/uploads/2025/08/ASC-STD-001-ASC-Farm-Standard-V1.0.1-Aug-2025.pdf	current ASC grow-out scope, eligible Haliotis species, water quality, feed efficiency, traceability, animal health, and data requirements
seafood-watch-abalone-worldwide-2022	official_guidance	https://www.seafoodwatch.org/globalassets/sfw-data-blocks/reports/a/seafood-watch-abalone-worldwide-27815.pdf	abalone production phases, culture systems, feed patterns, chemical use context, source-of-stock, disease, and data-quality gaps
mass-balance-identity	method_factor	Conservation of mass applied as a PCR calculation identity for stocking, grow-out, pack-out, discharge, transport-service, and reference-flow normalization.	QA guardrails, survival, yield, pack-out reconciliation, and normalization rules