--- pcr_id: pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.dairy-products-and-egg-products.evaporated-milk language: en-US status: candidate sync_with: pcr.zh-CN.md --- # Evaporated milk ## 1. Scope and Applicability This PCR covers the gate-to-gate production of unsweetened evaporated milk from milk or permitted milk-derived materials, beginning with accepted materials at the dairy plant and ending with packed, heat-stable evaporated milk at the factory gate. It covers whole, partly skimmed, skimmed, and high-fat evaporated milk, including reconstituted products of equivalent composition and characteristics. It is applicable to products for direct consumption or further processing. The foreground boundary includes receipt and refrigerated storage, clarification or separation when used, composition standardization, heat treatment, concentration, homogenization when used, filling, commercial heat stabilization, cooling, plant cleaning, attributable utilities, process losses, and on-site waste or wastewater handling. Upstream milk production and collection before the declared plant gate, production of packaging and other purchased inputs, outbound distribution, retail, consumer use, and packaging end-of-life are outside the foreground boundary and require separate upstream or downstream datasets when included in a study. Sweetened condensed milk (CPC 22222), milk or cream covered by CPC 22229, ordinary unconcentrated liquid milk, concentrated cream, milk or cream in solid form, dairy analogues with non-milk-fat substitution, and flavoured products whose identity is not evaporated milk are excluded. ## 2. Product Category Identity | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | canonical_pcr_id | pcr.food-products-beverages-and-tobacco-textiles-apparel-and-leather-products.dairy-products-and-egg-products.evaporated-milk | | classification_refs | CPC 3.0: 22221, Evaporated milk (exact mapping context) | | covered_products | Unsweetened concentrated milk in liquid or paste form; whole, partly skimmed, skimmed, or high-fat evaporated milk; reconstituted unsweetened concentrated milk of equivalent composition and characteristics | | excluded_products | Sweetened condensed milk (CPC 22222); products in CPC 22229; ordinary unconcentrated liquid milk; concentrated cream; solid milk or cream; dairy analogues with non-milk-fat substitution; flavoured products outside evaporated-milk identity | | representative_product | Unsweetened, shelf-stable evaporated milk packed for sale or further processing | | production_route | Accepted milk or permitted milk-derived materials → clarification/separation and standardization → heat treatment → concentration → homogenization as applicable → filling → in-container sterilization or equivalent declared commercial heat-stabilization route → cooling and factory gate | | market_state | Packed liquid or paste, commercially heat-stable, with declared fat class, composition, sterilization route, and net product mass | ## 3. Reference Flow | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | What | Supply of unsweetened evaporated milk at the factory gate | | How much | 1 kg net evaporated-milk product, excluding packaging mass | | How well | Product conforms to the declared evaporated-milk fat class and composition specification and is commercially heat-stable under the declared process route | | How long or cycle | One accepted production lot at factory-gate release; no use-duration function is assigned | | reference_flow_link | The functional unit is realized by exactly 1 kg of the Tiangong reference product flow below | | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | Reference amount | 1 kg net evaporated milk | | Reference product flow | Evaporated milk / 淡奶 `e59aaeef-61a7-45af-b252-d70036a584d3` | | Reference flow property | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | | Reference unit group | Units of mass `93a60a57-a4c8-11da-a746-0800200c9a66` | | Reference unit | kg | | Required qualifiers | evaporated-milk fat class; milk species and raw-material route; direct-milk, reconstituted, or recombined route; milkfat, total milk solids, and protein-in-solids basis; heat-stabilization route; primary packaging material and format; net fill basis; production geography; production period; allocation status | When constructing a foreground data package, the items listed in `Required qualifiers` must be declared in dataset metadata, process notes, reference flow comment, product description, or an equivalent data package field. Missing required qualifiers make the reference flow definition incomplete for that data package. ## 4. Measurement and Unit Rules | rule_id | Applies to | Required property | Required unit | Rule | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `reference_mass` | Reference product | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | kg | Normalize all reported quantities to 1 kg of accepted net evaporated-milk product at factory-gate release; exclude primary packaging mass from the reference amount and report it separately. | | `net_product_mass` | Filled product | Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` | kg | Determine net product mass from calibrated filler or check-weigher records, corrected for rejects, start-up/shutdown losses, and nonconforming product; do not use nominal container count alone without a verified mass-per-container conversion. | | `composition_basis` | Product composition | Mass fraction | kg/kg product | Report milkfat, total milk solids or milk solids-not-fat as applicable, and milk protein in milk solids-not-fat on the declared analytical basis; keep the product subclass and analytical method with the result. | | `energy_units` | Electricity and thermal energy | Energy | kWh and MJ | Preserve metered electricity in kWh and thermal energy or fuel in its measured unit; document conversion factors and lower/higher heating-value basis before normalization. | | `water_balance` | Water removal and condensate | Mass | kg | Reconcile removed water as condensate recovered, condensate discharged, water retained in product, and water emitted to air; do not count the same water in more than one output route. | ## 5. System Boundary ### Boundary Abstraction | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | declared_starting_condition | Accepted milk and permitted milk-derived materials, packaging, additives, and utilities delivered to the declared dairy-plant gate, with incoming state and storage condition recorded | | starting_condition_role | Foreground gate-to-gate starting point for evaporated-milk manufacture | | product_classification_scope | Unsweetened evaporated milk within the semantic product scope stated in Sections 1 and 2; CPC 3.0 code 22221 is mapping context rather than canonical identity | | recursive_input_rule | If evaporated milk itself enters as rework or an externally supplied same-category input, record its mass and upstream dataset once at the receiving process, distinguish internal rework from external supply, and do not recursively rebuild it under this PCR | | upstream_dataset_requirement | Use temporally, geographically, and technologically representative upstream datasets for milk or milk-derived inputs, purchased energy, water supply, packaging, additives, cleaning agents, and inbound transport included in the study | | disclosure | Declare milk species and source route, reconstitution status, fat class, composition basis, processing and sterilization route, packaging format, plant geography, data period, internal rework, condensate recovery, wastewater destination, co-products, and exclusions | | rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `boundary_gate_to_gate` | All foreground processes | Include all attributable operations from accepted material receipt through released packed product, including cleaning, utilities, losses, and on-site waste handling; report exclusions and any shared-service allocation. | `codex-cxs-281-1971`, `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `boundary_product_identity` | Product scope | Accept only unsweetened evaporated-milk products of the declared composition and characteristics; route CPC 22222/22229 products, ordinary liquid milk, cream, powder, analogue, or flavoured products to another applicable PCR. | `unsd-cpc-3-22221`, `codex-cxs-281-1971`, `codex-cxs-206-1999` | | `boundary_waste_routes` | Product losses, cleaning residues, and wastewater | Separate recoverable product or condensate, waste sent to treatment, and elementary releases; model each route once and retain destination evidence. | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | ## 6. Process Inventory Structure ### Process Map | process_id | process_name | inclusion | inclusion_condition | role | quantitative_reference | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `milk_receipt_and_storage` | Milk and material receipt and storage | required | Always | Foreground receipt, acceptance, measurement, and refrigerated storage | Per kg accepted milk or milk-derived material and per kg reference product | | `standardization_and_heat_treatment` | Clarification, standardization, and preliminary heat treatment | required | Always; individual separation or reconstitution steps apply only when used | Foreground preparation and composition control | Per kg standardized heat-treated milk output | | `concentration_and_homogenization` | Concentration and homogenization | required | Always; homogenization is recorded when used by the declared route | Foreground water removal and physical stabilization | Per kg concentrated milk output and per kg reference product | | `filling_stabilization_and_cooling` | Filling, commercial heat stabilization, and cooling | required | Always; distinguish in-container sterilization from another declared equivalent route | Foreground packaging and final safety/stability processing | Per kg accepted net evaporated milk | | `cleaning_and_wastewater_management` | Cleaning and wastewater management | required | Cleaning is always included; on-site wastewater treatment is included only when operated by the reporting site | Foreground hygiene support and residual management | Per kg accepted net evaporated milk | ### Process: Milk and material receipt and storage (`milk_receipt_and_storage`) #### Inputs ##### Product flows ###### Raw milk received (`raw_milk_received`) Record accepted raw milk delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Raw milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk powder received (`milk_powder_received`) Record accepted milk powder delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Milk powder - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Cream received (`cream_received`) Record accepted cream delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Cream - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Cream powder received (`cream_powder_received`) Record accepted cream powder delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Cream powder - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Anhydrous milk fat received (`anhydrous_milk_fat_received`) Record accepted anhydrous milk fat delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Anhydrous milk fat - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk retentate received (`milk_retentate_received`) Record accepted milk retentate delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Milk retentate - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk permeate received (`milk_permeate_received`) Record accepted milk permeate delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Milk permeate - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Lactose received (`lactose_received`) Record accepted lactose delivered to the plant as its own product input; do not combine it with another milk-derived material. - Selected flow: Lactose - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted scale or calibrated-meter quantity, net of rejected deliveries - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ##### Waste flows ##### Elementary flows #### Outputs ##### Product flows ###### Accepted raw milk released to preparation (`accepted_raw_milk_to_preparation`) Calculate accepted raw milk transferred from receipt and storage, excluding rejected delivery mass and documented storage losses. - Selected flow: Raw milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: accepted raw-milk receipts plus opening inventory minus closing inventory, rejected deliveries, and documented storage losses - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` ##### Waste flows ###### Raw milk lost during receipt and storage (`raw_milk_receiving_waste`) Record raw milk spilled, sampled, retained in lines, or otherwise lost after acceptance, with the actual destination retained. - Selected flow: Waste raw milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured or mass-balance-derived raw-milk loss after the declared plant gate - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Elementary flows ### Process: Clarification, standardization, and preliminary heat treatment (`standardization_and_heat_treatment`) #### Inputs ##### Product flows ###### Accepted raw milk entering preparation (`accepted_raw_milk_input`) Record raw milk issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Raw milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk powder used for composition adjustment (`milk_powder_adjustment`) Record milk powder issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Milk powder - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Cream used for composition adjustment (`cream_adjustment`) Record cream issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Cream - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Cream powder used for composition adjustment (`cream_powder_adjustment`) Record cream powder issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Cream powder - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Anhydrous milk fat used for composition adjustment (`anhydrous_milk_fat_adjustment`) Record anhydrous milk fat issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Anhydrous milk fat - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk retentate used for protein adjustment (`milk_retentate_adjustment`) Record milk retentate issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Milk retentate - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Milk permeate used for composition adjustment (`milk_permeate_adjustment`) Record milk permeate issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Milk permeate - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Lactose used for protein adjustment (`lactose_adjustment`) Record lactose issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Lactose - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Potable water used for reconstitution (`potable_water_adjustment`) Record potable water issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Potable water - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Sodium chloride added to the product (`sodium_chloride_adjustment`) Record sodium chloride issued to the declared batch only when used by the product formulation. - Selected flow: Sodium chloride - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: weighed or metered batch-recipe quantity reconciled to issue and return records - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_material_receipts` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ##### Waste flows ##### Elementary flows #### Outputs ##### Product flows ###### Standardized heat-treated milk transferred to concentration (`standardized_heat_treated_milk`) Calculate the single standardized milk stream transferred to concentration from measured batch inputs, composition results, samples, hold-up, and losses. - Selected flow: Standardized heat-treated milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: reconciled mass of standardized heat-treated milk transferred to concentration - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_composition_and_yield` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971`, `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Waste flows ###### Separator sediment from milk clarification (`separator_sediment`) Record the mass of sediment removed by clarification or separation when that operation is used, keeping its treatment destination. - Selected flow: Milk separator sediment - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Off-spec milk from preparation (`offspec_preparation_milk`) Record off-spec standardized milk, preparation samples, and unrecovered milk hold-up as one waste-milk exchange, excluding separator sediment. - Selected flow: Waste milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Elementary flows ### Process: Concentration and homogenization (`concentration_and_homogenization`) #### Inputs ##### Product flows ###### Standardized milk entering concentration (`milk_to_concentration`) Record the mass of standardized heat-treated milk entering the evaporator or other declared concentration system. - Selected flow: Standardized heat-treated milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: transfer-meter or reconciled batch quantity entering concentration - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_composition_and_yield` ###### Industrial steam for concentration (`concentration_steam`) Record industrial steam attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Industrial steam - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Purchased industrial heat for concentration (`concentration_purchased_heat`) Record purchased industrial heat attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Purchased industrial heat - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Natural gas for on-site concentration heat (`concentration_natural_gas`) Record natural gas attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Natural gas - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Diesel fuel for on-site concentration heat (`concentration_diesel`) Record diesel fuel attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Diesel fuel - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Light fuel oil for on-site concentration heat (`concentration_light_fuel_oil`) Record light fuel oil attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Light fuel oil - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Liquefied petroleum gas for on-site concentration heat (`concentration_lpg`) Record liquefied petroleum gas attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Electricity for concentration and homogenization (`concentration_electricity`) Record electricity, medium voltage attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage - Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Waste flows ##### Elementary flows #### Outputs ##### Product flows ###### Concentrated milk transferred to filling (`concentrated_milk_to_filling`) Calculate concentrated milk output from measured transfer mass and solids data, accounting for samples, hold-up, internal rework, and waste milk. - Selected flow: Concentrated milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured concentrated-milk transfer mass reconciled to the mass-and-solids balance - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_composition_and_yield` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` ###### Evaporator condensate recovered for reuse (`recovered_evaporator_condensate`) Record condensate recovered for a declared internal or external use and exclude the same quantity from wastewater and elementary-release rows. - Selected flow: Evaporator condensate - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: condensate meter reading or the recovered portion of the documented water balance - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Waste flows ###### Evaporator condensate sent to wastewater treatment (`condensate_wastewater`) Record only evaporator condensate routed to wastewater treatment or sewer, net of recovered condensate. - Selected flow: Dairy process wastewater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: metered condensate discharge or the destination-specific water-balance remainder - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Elementary flows ###### Fossil carbon dioxide from on-site fuel combustion (`combustion_fossil_carbon_dioxide_air`) Record fossil carbon dioxide emitted from on-site combustion of the fuel inputs above; do not attach this row to purchased steam or purchased heat. - Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant activity quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Carbon monoxide from on-site fuel combustion (`combustion_carbon_monoxide_air`) Record carbon monoxide emitted from on-site combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Carbon monoxide to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant activity quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Nitrogen oxides from on-site fuel combustion (`combustion_nitrogen_oxides_air`) Record nitrogen oxides emitted from on-site combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant activity quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Sulfur oxides from on-site fuel combustion (`combustion_sulfur_oxides_air`) Record sulfur oxides emitted from on-site combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Sulfur oxides to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant activity quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Particulate matter from on-site fuel combustion (`combustion_particulate_matter_air`) Record particulate matter emitted from on-site combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Particulate matter to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant activity quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ### Process: Filling, commercial heat stabilization, and cooling (`filling_stabilization_and_cooling`) #### Inputs ##### Product flows ###### Concentrated milk entering filling (`concentrated_milk_input`) Record concentrated milk entering the declared filling and commercial heat-stabilization route. - Selected flow: Concentrated milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: calibrated transfer-meter or filler mass entering the line - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` ###### Tinplate can body (`tinplate_can_body`) Record the mass of tinplate steel can issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Tinplate steel can body - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Tinplate can end or lid (`tinplate_can_end`) Record the mass of tinplate steel closure issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Tinplate steel can end - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Paper label (`paper_label`) Record the mass of paper label issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Paper label - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Corrugated shipping case (`corrugated_case`) Record the mass of corrugated fibreboard box issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Corrugated fibreboard box - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Aseptic composite carton (`aseptic_carton`) Record the mass of aseptic composite carton issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Aseptic composite carton - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Plastic closure (`plastic_closure`) Record the mass of polyethylene closure issued to accepted packed product; apply only to packaging routes that use this component. - Selected flow: Polyethylene closure - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: issued component mass minus returned usable stock, reconciled to packed units and component scrap - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Electricity for filling, heat stabilization, and cooling (`final_process_electricity`) Record electricity, medium voltage attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Electricity, medium voltage - Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Industrial steam for final heat stabilization (`final_process_steam`) Record industrial steam attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Industrial steam - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Purchased industrial heat for final heat stabilization (`final_process_purchased_heat`) Record purchased industrial heat attributable to this process as a separate energy-carrier input and apply this card only when that supply is used. - Selected flow: Purchased industrial heat - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Natural gas for direct final-process heat (`final_process_natural_gas`) Record natural gas attributable to this process as a separate fuel input and apply this card only when fuel is combusted directly for filling, heat stabilization, or cooling. - Selected flow: Natural gas - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Diesel fuel for direct final-process heat (`final_process_diesel`) Record diesel fuel attributable to this process as a separate fuel input and apply this card only when fuel is combusted directly for filling, heat stabilization, or cooling. - Selected flow: Diesel fuel - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Light fuel oil for direct final-process heat (`final_process_light_fuel_oil`) Record light fuel oil attributable to this process as a separate fuel input and apply this card only when fuel is combusted directly for filling, heat stabilization, or cooling. - Selected flow: Light fuel oil - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Liquefied petroleum gas for direct final-process heat (`final_process_lpg`) Record liquefied petroleum gas attributable to this process as a separate fuel input and apply this card only when fuel is combusted directly for filling, heat stabilization, or cooling. - Selected flow: Liquefied petroleum gas - Flow property / unit: Energy / MJ - Amount rule: metered use or documented engineering allocation from utility and operating records - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Ammonia refrigerant make-up (`ammonia_refrigerant_input`) Record ammonia charged or added to the attributable cooling system; apply only when ammonia is the declared refrigerant. - Selected flow: Ammonia, refrigerant grade - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured purchase, charge, or make-up mass allocated to the declared production period - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Carbon dioxide refrigerant make-up (`carbon_dioxide_refrigerant_input`) Record carbon dioxide charged or added to the attributable cooling system; apply only when carbon dioxide is the declared refrigerant. - Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, refrigerant grade - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured purchase, charge, or make-up mass allocated to the declared production period - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Water refrigerant make-up (`water_refrigerant_input`) Record water charged or added to the attributable cooling system; apply only when water is the declared refrigerant. - Selected flow: Water, refrigerant use - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured purchase, charge, or make-up mass allocated to the declared production period - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Waste flows ##### Elementary flows #### Outputs ##### Product flows ###### Accepted evaporated milk (`evaporated_milk_reference_product`) This is the quantitative reference output. Determine accepted net product mass after excluding rejects, samples, retained line product, and packaging mass. - Selected flow: Evaporated milk / 淡奶 `e59aaeef-61a7-45af-b252-d70036a584d3` - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: exactly 1 kg after normalization from accepted net product mass - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Product-specific (`product_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `codex-cxs-281-1971` - Range: Reference-output normalization identity - Range role: Allowed range (`allowed_range`) - Lower: 1.0 - Upper: 1.0 - Unit: kg/kg reference product - Basis: exact normalized accepted reference output, not an empirical observation - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) ##### Waste flows ###### Off-spec evaporated milk and filling losses (`offspec_evaporated_milk`) Record start-up, shutdown, overfill, sampling, leakage, and rejected finished milk as one waste-milk exchange with its actual fate. - Selected flow: Waste evaporated milk - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Tinplate packaging scrap (`waste_tinplate_packaging`) Record rejected or damaged tinplate can bodies and ends by measured mass and actual recovery or disposal route. - Selected flow: Waste tinplate steel - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Paper-label scrap (`waste_paper_labels`) Record rejected, trimmed, or unused paper labels by measured mass and actual recovery or disposal route. - Selected flow: Waste paper labels - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Corrugated-case scrap (`waste_corrugated_cases`) Record damaged or unused corrugated cases by measured mass and actual recovery or disposal route. - Selected flow: Waste corrugated fibreboard - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Plastic-closure scrap (`waste_plastic_closures`) Record rejected or unused polyethylene closures by measured mass and actual recovery or disposal route. - Selected flow: Waste polyethylene - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Aseptic-carton scrap (`waste_aseptic_cartons`) Record rejected, trimmed, or unused aseptic composite cartons by measured mass and actual recovery or disposal route. - Selected flow: Waste aseptic composite carton - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured waste mass or mass-balance-derived quantity, recorded with its actual treatment or recovery destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_output_and_packaging` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Elementary flows ###### Ammonia refrigerant released to air (`ammonia_refrigerant_air`) Calculate ammonia leakage to air from charge, recovery, make-up, and inventory records; apply only to an ammonia refrigeration route. - Selected flow: Ammonia to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured release or refrigerant mass balance for the attributable cooling system - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Carbon dioxide refrigerant released to air (`carbon_dioxide_refrigerant_air`) Calculate carbon dioxide refrigerant leakage to air from charge, recovery, make-up, and inventory records; apply only to a carbon dioxide refrigeration route. - Selected flow: Carbon dioxide to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured release or refrigerant mass balance for the attributable cooling system - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Water refrigerant released to air (`water_refrigerant_air`) Calculate water-refrigerant loss to air from charge, recovery, make-up, and inventory records; apply only to a water-refrigerant route. - Selected flow: Water vapour to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured release or refrigerant mass balance for the attributable cooling system - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Fossil carbon dioxide from direct final-process fuel combustion (`final_combustion_fossil_carbon_dioxide_air`) Record fossil carbon dioxide emitted from direct combustion of final-process fuel inputs; do not attach this row to electricity, purchased steam, or purchased heat. - Selected flow: Carbon dioxide, fossil, to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant fuel quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Carbon monoxide from direct final-process fuel combustion (`final_combustion_carbon_monoxide_air`) Record carbon monoxide emitted from direct final-process fuel combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Carbon monoxide to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant fuel quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Nitrogen oxides from direct final-process fuel combustion (`final_combustion_nitrogen_oxides_air`) Record nitrogen oxides emitted from direct final-process fuel combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Nitrogen oxides to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant fuel quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Sulfur oxides from direct final-process fuel combustion (`final_combustion_sulfur_oxides_air`) Record sulfur oxides emitted from direct final-process fuel combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Sulfur oxides to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant fuel quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Particulate matter from direct final-process fuel combustion (`final_combustion_particulate_matter_air`) Record particulate matter emitted from direct final-process fuel combustion when measured or supported by a reviewed fuel- and technology-specific factor. - Selected flow: Particulate matter to air - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured emission or relevant fuel quantity multiplied by a documented, reviewed technology-specific factor - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Technology-specific (`technology_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Fuel inventory (`fuel_inventory`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_energy_and_utilities` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ### Process: Cleaning and wastewater management (`cleaning_and_wastewater_management`) #### Inputs ##### Product flows ###### Potable process and cleaning water (`potable_process_water`) Record fresh potable water used for clean-in-place systems, equipment and area cleaning, and attributable process service; exclude separately metered recovered condensate. - Selected flow: Potable water - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: submetered water plus documented allocation, net of separately recorded recovered-water use - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Sodium hydroxide cleaning agent (`sodium_hydroxide_cleaner`) Record sodium hydroxide supplied to attributable cleaning cycles when used, retaining supplied concentration and density. - Selected flow: Sodium hydroxide - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: dosing-system or issue-record mass of supplied sodium hydroxide solution, with concentration and density retained - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Nitric acid cleaning agent (`nitric_acid_cleaner`) Record nitric acid supplied to attributable cleaning cycles when used, retaining supplied concentration and density. - Selected flow: Nitric acid - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: dosing-system or issue-record mass of supplied nitric acid solution, with concentration and density retained - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Peracetic acid disinfectant (`peracetic_acid_disinfectant`) Record peracetic acid supplied to attributable sanitation cycles when used, retaining supplied concentration and density. - Selected flow: Peracetic acid - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: dosing-system or issue-record mass of supplied peracetic acid solution, with concentration and density retained - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant (`sodium_hypochlorite_disinfectant`) Record sodium hypochlorite supplied to attributable sanitation cycles when used, retaining supplied concentration and density. - Selected flow: Sodium hypochlorite - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: dosing-system or issue-record mass of supplied sodium hypochlorite solution, with concentration and density retained - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_water_and_cleaning` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Waste flows ##### Elementary flows #### Outputs ##### Product flows ##### Waste flows ###### Dairy process wastewater sent to treatment (`dairy_process_wastewater`) Record wastewater sent to on-site treatment, sewer, or external treatment as one destination-tagged waste flow; include product-containing rinses and avoid overlap with recovered condensate. - Selected flow: Dairy process wastewater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: effluent meter or water balance, split by treatment destination - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Biological wastewater-treatment sludge (`biological_wastewater_sludge`) When on-site biological treatment is operated, record dispatched dewatered sludge with wet mass, dry-matter content, and actual recovery or disposal destination. - Selected flow: Biological wastewater sludge - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured dispatched sludge mass with dry-matter conversion retained - Value mode: Foreground record (`foreground_record`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ##### Elementary flows ###### Treated effluent water released to freshwater (`treated_effluent_water_freshwater`) Record the water mass released directly to freshwater after on-site treatment; do not also report the same water as wastewater sent to external treatment. - Selected flow: Water to freshwater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: measured discharge volume converted to mass with documented density - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Chemical oxygen demand released to freshwater (`chemical_oxygen_demand_freshwater`) Record the chemical-oxygen-demand load in directly released treated effluent from matched discharge volume and representative concentration. - Selected flow: Chemical oxygen demand to freshwater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: matched discharge volume multiplied by measured chemical oxygen demand concentration after unit conversion - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Nitrate released to freshwater (`nitrate_freshwater`) Record nitrate in directly released treated effluent when monitored, using matched discharge volume and representative nitrate concentration. - Selected flow: Nitrate to freshwater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: matched discharge volume multiplied by measured nitrate concentration after unit conversion - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Phosphate released to freshwater (`phosphate_freshwater`) Record phosphate in directly released treated effluent when monitored, using matched discharge volume and representative phosphate concentration. - Selected flow: Phosphate to freshwater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: matched discharge volume multiplied by measured phosphate concentration after unit conversion - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ###### Chloride released to freshwater (`chloride_freshwater`) Record chloride in directly released treated effluent when monitored, using matched discharge volume and representative chloride concentration. - Selected flow: Chloride to freshwater - Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg - Amount rule: matched discharge volume multiplied by measured chloride concentration after unit conversion - Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`) - Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`) - Normalization basis: per 1 kg accepted net evaporated milk - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`) - Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`) - Collection protocol: `cp_waste_and_effluent` - Sources: `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` ## 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling | rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `allocation_avoid_internal_rework` | Internal rework, recovered condensate, and internal intermediate milk | Treat internal recirculation as an internal flow and reconcile it in the mass balance; do not create a co-product credit or double-count upstream burdens. | | | `allocation_subdivision_first` | Shared plant operations and utilities | Use direct metering or process subdivision first. Where this is unavailable, allocate shared utilities using a documented causal engineering driver such as metered operating time, steam demand, refrigeration load, or throughput, and report the allocated share. | `eu-pef-2021-2279` | | `allocation_exported_milk_components` | Cream, skim milk, or other milk-derived outputs exported from the foreground system | Prefer separate process data or physical mass-and-composition tracking. If allocation remains necessary, use a documented physical relationship appropriate to the joint operation, disclose the formula and co-product quantities, and test a materially plausible alternative; do not silently default to economic allocation. | `eu-pef-2021-2279` | | `allocation_waste_and_recovery` | Product losses, packaging scrap, condensate, sludge, and recovered materials | Classify each output by actual fate. Apply burdens or credits only for documented external treatment, recovery, or substitution; do not credit material that is internally reused and already reduces input demand. | `eu-pef-2021-2279`, `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | ## 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules ### Data Collection Protocols | protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `cp_material_receipts` | `milk_receipt_and_storage`; `standardization_and_heat_treatment` | milk, milk-derived materials, adjustment inputs, rejects | weighbridge, tank meter, receiving inspection, batch issue record | material identity; supplier; lot; accepted mass or volume; density; solids; fat; protein; temperature; reject quantity; opening and closing storage | calibrated weighing or metering reconciled to receiving and batch records | kg; L with density conversion; mass fraction | each delivery and batch | every eligible lot in the declared production period | all receipt and storage points serving the declared product | sum accepted quantities and inventory changes by material; normalize only after lot eligibility and allocation are resolved | calibration records; receiving certificates; laboratory results; stock reconciliation; reject log | | `cp_composition_and_yield` | `standardization_and_heat_treatment`; `concentration_and_homogenization` | intermediate mass, composition, evaporated water, yield | batch record, transfer meter, laboratory test, evaporator log | input and output mass; fat; total solids; solids-not-fat; protein basis; temperature; time; evaporator feed and concentrate; condensate; samples; rework; line hold-up | calibrated transfer measurement and representative laboratory analysis with batch mass balance | kg; mass fraction; process-control units | each batch or continuous production run | all declared production campaigns | all relevant preparation and concentration lines | reconcile input solids and mass to concentrate, condensate, rework, losses, and inventory change | meter calibration; laboratory method and control samples; signed batch release; mass-and-solids balance closure | | `cp_energy_and_utilities` | `concentration_and_homogenization`; `filling_stabilization_and_cooling` | electricity, steam, fuel, cooling, and direct emissions | submeter, boiler log, fuel invoice, operating log, emissions record | electricity; steam mass and condition; hot-water quantity and temperature; fuel quantity; heating value basis; operating hours; allocation driver; pollutant measurement or factor | direct submetering preferred; otherwise documented engineering allocation and reviewed emission factor | kWh; MJ; kg steam; fuel-specific units; kg pollutant | continuous or shift/batch total | the declared production period, including all material operating modes | all utility systems serving the declared processes | subtract non-production use; allocate shared supply by causal driver; convert units once; normalize to accepted product | meter calibration; invoice reconciliation; boiler balance; allocation worksheet; factor source and version | | `cp_output_and_packaging` | `filling_stabilization_and_cooling` | accepted net product, packaging, rejects, and packaging scrap | filler total, check-weigher, packaging issue, finished-goods, reject and release records | filled units; nominal and measured net mass; accepted and rejected units; samples; rework; packaging item mass; packaging issued and returned; heat-stabilization route; release status | calibrated check-weighing and mass reconciliation to released finished goods | kg product; item; kg packaging | each lot and packaging run | all declared production lots | all filling and stabilization lines for the product | accepted net product equals released units times verified mean net mass; reconcile packaging issue to packed units and scrap | check-weigher calibration; release certificate; packaging specification; reject and rework log; container-closure control records | | `cp_water_and_cleaning` | `concentration_and_homogenization`; `cleaning_and_wastewater_management` | water supply, recovered condensate, cleaning water, and chemicals | water submeter, condensate meter, CIP recipe and dosing log, purchase or issue record | supplied water; condensate generated, recovered and reused; CIP cycle; rinse volume; chemical identity, concentration and dose; destination | submetering and automated CIP logs preferred; otherwise documented equipment-cycle calculation | kg or m3 water; kg or L chemical with density and concentration | each CIP cycle and periodic meter reconciliation | the declared production period, including all material cleaning regimes | all product-contact and attributable service systems | separate fresh water from recovered water; allocate shared cleaning by cycle, equipment volume, or operating time; prevent condensate double counting | meter and dosing calibration; CIP completion record; chemical safety/specification record; periodic water balance | | `cp_waste_and_effluent` | all foreground processes | product loss, residues, wastewater, sludge, and direct discharge | loss log, waste manifest, effluent meter, laboratory analysis, treatment log | material and route; wet mass; dry matter; wastewater volume; destination; pollutant concentration; treatment status; recovery; disposal | direct weighing or metering; pollutant load calculated from matched volume and concentration | kg; m3; mg/L; kg pollutant | each event or continuous discharge with representative sampling | the declared production period, including material abnormal conditions | all drains, waste stores, treatment and discharge points serving the declared product | segregate by destination; calculate pollutant mass from matched flow and concentration; reconcile product-containing losses to material balance | waste transfer records; meter calibration; accredited or controlled laboratory results; treatment operating record; destination evidence | ### Calculation Rules | rule_id | Applies to | Formula or rule | Inputs | Output | source_ids | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `calc_reference_normalization` | All inventory rows | normalized amount = eligible foreground amount ÷ accepted net evaporated-milk mass; apply the documented shared-process allocation before division | eligible amount; allocation share; accepted net product mass | amount per 1 kg reference product | | | `calc_product_mass` | Accepted reference product | accepted net product mass = sum of released units × verified mean net product mass, or direct accepted mass meter total; packaging mass is excluded | released units; check-weigher results or mass meter; rejects; samples | kg accepted net evaporated milk | | | `calc_mass_and_solids_balance` | Receipt through concentration | reconcile material input and opening inventory with accepted product, removed water, co-products, waste, rework, samples, and closing inventory; calculate and disclose both total-mass and milk-solids closure | measured masses; composition tests; inventory changes; condensate; losses | mass closure; solids closure; unresolved difference | `codex-cxs-281-1971` | | `calc_water_routes` | Evaporation, cleaning, and wastewater | removed water = recovered condensate + condensate to treatment + verified water-to-air release + change in process hold-up; wastewater pollutant load = matched discharge volume × concentration after unit conversion | condensate meters; water balance; discharge volume; pollutant concentrations | kg water by route; kg pollutant | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `calc_energy` | Process energy | convert each metered energy carrier once to the reported unit, retain the original meter unit and conversion basis, then allocate by the documented causal driver | meter totals; steam condition; fuel amount; heating value; operating driver | kWh electricity or MJ thermal energy per reference product | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `calc_allocation` | Joint or shared operations | allocated amount = shared amount × documented causal or accepted physical allocation fraction; fractions for one shared total must sum to 1 within rounding tolerance | shared amount; allocation driver by product; co-product mass and composition where relevant | allocated foreground amount and allocation fractions | `eu-pef-2021-2279` | ### Data Quality Requirements | requirement_id | Applies to | Requirement | Evidence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `dq_identity` | Reference product and inputs | Match the declared product to unsweetened evaporated-milk scope and retain fat class, composition, reconstitution status, milk species, and heat-stabilization route; unresolved non-reference Tiangong flow identities must be reviewed before publication. | product specification; label; batch formula; laboratory release; Tiangong identity review | | `dq_measurement` | Mass, energy, water, and effluent records | Use calibrated meters or scales where material; retain conversion, density, heating-value, sampling, and allocation calculations. | calibration certificates; meter list; calculation workbook; laboratory method | | `dq_temporal` | All foreground data | Use a declared period representative of the product and technology, covering every eligible lot or campaign and all material operating modes; identify maintenance, shutdown, start-up, and abnormal events and justify exclusions. | production calendar; meter series; event log; exclusion record; technological, geographical, temporal, and precision review consistent with `eu-pef-2021-2279` | | `dq_completeness` | Material and utility balance | Include all material measured foreground inputs, outputs, wastes, and direct emissions; explicitly list and justify every omitted flow and never omit hazardous or legally controlled releases through a generic cut-off. | completeness calculation; omitted-flow register; reviewer sign-off; `eu-pef-2021-2279` data-quality review | | `dq_mass_balance` | Receipt through released product | Define a site- and batch-specific investigation threshold before validation; investigate every unexplained total-mass or milk-solids difference that exceeds that threshold and retain the corrective-action decision. No universal percentage is prescribed by this PCR. | signed mass-and-solids balance; documented site threshold; corrective-action record | | `dq_range_evidence` | Important inventory flows | Do not author an empirical range from a single publication, plant, batch, scenario, or point value. Require at least two independent original sources with compatible foreground boundary, unit, and normalization basis, or a reviewed foreground distribution; otherwise keep the range evidence gap unresolved. Exact reference-flow normalization identities are not empirical ranges. | original source texts; boundary-and-unit compatibility review; foreground distribution; unresolved-range register | ## 9. Validation Rules | rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `validate_reference_identity` | Reference flow and dataset metadata | Fail if the product-flow UUID, Mass flow-property UUID, Units of mass UUID, reference unit kg, net-mass basis, or required qualifiers are missing or inconsistent. | | | `validate_product_scope` | Product identity | Fail if added sugar/sweetener, concentrated cream, solid milk/cream, non-milk-fat substitution, or another excluded identity is represented as this reference product; verify declared composition against the applicable product specification. | `codex-cxs-281-1971` | | `validate_process_coverage` | Foreground process map | Fail if receipt, standardization/heat treatment, concentration, final filling/heat stabilization/cooling, or attributable cleaning is omitted without a documented route-specific explanation. | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `validate_mass_and_solids_balance` | Material balance | Flag total-mass or milk-solids imbalance above the declared site- and batch-specific investigation threshold and fail if the difference is unexplained, if internal rework is double-counted, or if removed water routes overlap. | `codex-cxs-281-1971`, `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `validate_wastewater_route` | Waste and elementary flows | Fail if the same wastewater or condensate is reported both as a waste flow to treatment and as a direct elementary release, or if product-containing losses and cleaning compounds have no destination. | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | | `validate_range_evidence` | Inventory amount ranges | Fail if an empirical range copies a single case or point value, lacks at least two independent boundary-, unit-, and basis-compatible original sources, or is presented without its inference and applicability. Permit an exact lower-equals-upper value only for a declared physical, specification, or normalization identity. | | | `validate_allocation` | Shared operations and co-products | Fail if shared-operation allocation, exported co-products, internal rework, or recovery credits are material but the method, driver, fractions, quantities, and sensitivity are not disclosed and reconciled. | `eu-pef-2021-2279` | ## 10. Published Dataset Profile | Field | Value | | --- | --- | | dataset_role | Foreground gate-to-gate production dataset for evaporated milk | | downstream_use | `secondary_dataset`; `background_dataset` after review and publication | | allowed_use | Product carbon-footprint or LCA studies that combine this factory-gate dataset with representative upstream milk, material, energy, packaging, transport, and downstream scenarios and preserve the declared product qualifiers | | excluded_use | Stand-alone cradle-to-grave claim; sweetened condensed milk, concentrated cream, milk powder, dairy analogue, or flavoured-product proxy; comparative assertion without equivalent composition, boundary, allocation, geography, technology, and data period | | required_metadata | canonical PCR id; reference UUIDs; product subclass and composition; milk species and material route; reconstitution status; plant geography; technology and heat-stabilization route; packaging; production period; boundary; allocation; upstream datasets; data owners; review status | | required_quality_disclosure | primary-data share; meter and laboratory coverage; temporal and site coverage; mass-and-solids balance closure; water and energy allocation; waste and wastewater destinations; unresolved UUIDs and range-evidence gaps; exclusions; uncertainty and reviewer decisions | | update_trigger | material change in formulation, milk source, composition class, concentration or sterilization technology, packaging, plant energy or water system, allocation, waste route, product-flow identity, applicable standard, or a change exceeding the dataset owner's significance threshold | ## 11. Data Sources | Source id | Type | Reference | Used for | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | `unsd-cpc-3-22221` | standard | United Nations Statistics Division, *Central Product Classification (CPC) Version 3.0 Explanatory Notes*, subclass 22221, Evaporated milk. https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12) | CPC 22221 inclusion and explicit exclusions for 22222, 22229, and solid milk or cream; classification context only | | `codex-cxs-281-1971` | standard | FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius, CXS 281-1971, *Standard for Evaporated Milks*, revised 1999 and amended through 2023. https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20281-1971/CXS_281e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12) | Evaporated-milk identity; direct-consumption and further-processing scope; partial-water-removal route; permitted milk-derived material categories; declared composition-class conformance. Composition limits and quality criteria are not used as universal LCI amounts | | `codex-cxs-206-1999` | standard | FAO and WHO, Codex Alimentarius, CXS 206-1999, *General Standard for the Use of Dairy Terms*, amended 2022. https://workspace.fao.org/sites/codex/Standards/CXS%20206-1999/CXS_206e.pdf (retrieved 2026-08-12) | Milk-product, reconstituted-product, and recombined-product identity; milk-species and processing-route disclosure; prevention of non-milk substitution being treated as evaporated milk | | `eu-pef-2021-2279` | official_guidance | European Commission, Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 on the use of Environmental Footprint methods, Annex I Product Environmental Footprint method. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reco/2021/2279/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12) | Life-cycle dataset modelling, allocation hierarchy, representativeness, precision, disclosure, and data-quality review; no generic PEF numeric value is adopted as a product-specific LCI amount | | `eu-fdm-bat-2019-2031` | official_guidance | European Commission, Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/2031 establishing BAT conclusions for the food, drink and milk industries. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/2031/oj (retrieved 2026-08-12) | Dairy-process environmental inventory and monitoring context for water, energy, raw materials, wastewater, waste gas, residues, process flow sheets, and cleaning; BAT performance levels are not adopted as universal LCI values or as a claim of regulatory applicability |