---
pcr_id: pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.semen-n-e-c
language: en-US
status: candidate
sync_with: pcr.zh-CN.md
---

# Non-bovine semen for breeding

## 1. Scope and Applicability

This PCR covers usable breeding semen from animals other than bovines, including sheep and goats, at collection/processing-centre release. Fresh, chilled and frozen states require separate lot records. Bovine semen (CPC 02411), embryos, live donors, insemination services and downstream distribution are excluded. Species-specific veterinary and trade measures apply only where relevant; they are not universal LCA factors.

## 2. Product Category Identity

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| canonical_pcr_id | pcr.agriculture-forestry-and-fishery-products.live-animals-and-animal-products-excluding-meat.semen-n-e-c |
| classification_refs | CPC 3.0 `02419` |
| covered_products | Quality-accepted non-bovine breeding semen, with species and final state specified. |
| excluded_products | Bovine semen, embryos, live donors, insemination and post-release logistics. |
| representative_product | One quality-accepted ovine or caprine dose in a sealed container at centre release. |
| production_route | Managed donor → independent collection → quality grading → first preparation/dilution → discrete filling → optional preservation → protective packaging. |
| market_state | Fresh, chilled or frozen dose with donor, quality, sperm-count, volume and package descriptors. |

## 3. Reference Flow

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| What | Quality-accepted non-bovine breeding semen at the collection/processing-centre gate. |
| How much | 1 released dose; measured volume and sperm concentration/count also reported. |
| How well | Species, breed, donor health, grade, motility, viability, extender, dose specification and final state declared. |
| How long or cycle | One collection-to-release lot; donor and asset burden linked to observed service periods. |
| reference_flow_link | `released_dose` |

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Reference amount | 1 |
| Reference product flow | Non-bovine breeding semen dose at centre release |
| Reference flow property | Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345` |
| Reference unit group | Units of items `5beb6eed-33a9-47b8-9ede-1dfe8f679159` |
| Reference unit | item |
| Required qualifiers | donor species/breed; health and collection lot; quality specification and sperm count; dose volume; fresh/chilled/frozen state; container; centre gate; reporting period. |

## 4. Measurement and Unit Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Required property | Required unit | Rule |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `accepted_count` | reference output | accepted count | dose | Count only released doses passing the documented species-specific acceptance specification. |
| `liquid_balance` | collected semen and diluent | calibrated volume and concentration | mL; sperm/mL | Reconcile raw volume, preparation medium, rejected material and filled dose count; volume alone does not establish dose equivalence. |
| `state_partition` | final product | accepted count by state | dose | Fresh, chilled and frozen denominators remain separate unless a documented comparison conversion is supplied. |
| `period_link` | donor and shared services | duration and accepted output | donor-day; dose | Link dated inputs, events and asset use to the donor and batch periods without duplicate annualization. |
| `accepted_item_count` | reference product and its output card | Number of items `01846770-4cfe-4a25-8ad9-919d8d378345` | item | The machine unit item is the local representation of the confirmed unit-group reference unit Item(s), with multiplier 1. One item means one quality-accepted breeding dose of the declared species, state, grade and release specification. Preserve native dose counts in collection records. This count representation does not equate containers, volume, sperm count, oocytes or treatment attempts to accepted goods, and does not establish equivalence across species, states or dose specifications. |
| `inventory_reference_normalization` | all inventory rows | Actual flow property | exchange unit per reference flow | The inventory and collection aggregation fields below express final amounts per declared reference flow. Keep all raw collection records, original denominator qualifiers, route/period strata, unit conversions and allocation requirements. For each flow, first obtain its attributable amount in its own numerator unit using the existing rules; then divide by the measured accepted reference-output quantity of the same scope and multiply by the declared reference quantity. Do not mix species, states, gates or incompatible routes; count transfers and shared burdens once. A missing, zero or untraceable accepted-output denominator is a blocking data-quality issue. Keep provisional QA ranges on their explicitly stated bases; they are not conversion factors or production defaults. These are final foreground-package contributions, not replacements for stage quantitative references or stage-native unit-process datasets. Retain stage records separately. Compute normalized amount = attributable raw amount * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final reference-output quantity. Apply normalization exactly once. |
| `stage_throughput_linkage` | stage records and final package contributions | Actual flow property and its stated raw basis | retain native numerator and stage denominator units | Keep the original lot, event, cohort, period and stage denominators with their units. Reconstruct the attributable numerator A with measured stage quantity Q_stage and documented attribution before final normalization. If a quoted amount a_B corresponds to an explicit stage basis B_stage (for example, 1000 kg), use A = a_B * Q_stage / B_stage. If r_stage is already an intensity in exchange-unit per stage-unit, instead use A = r_stage * Q_stage, with no second division by B_stage. A raw attributable total is used directly. Final contribution = A * declared reference quantity / measured accepted final output. Convert compatible units explicitly and apply each attribution/allocation share exactly once; never treat a quoted amount or intensity as a raw total. Link stage transfers, losses, rejects, stocks, shared services and allocation to the same actual route, period and final-output stratum. For a 1000 kg basis retain 1000 kg explicitly. Do not assume unit yield, equal fresh/dried mass, equal head mass, equal dose quality or interchangeable gates. Missing links, unsupported unit conversion, zero denominators and untraceable allocation block dataset production. Stage-native datasets retain their own stage reference; package contributions are a separate projection. |

## 5. System Boundary

### Boundary Abstraction

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| declared_starting_condition | Identified non-bovine donor in a recorded husbandry period; upstream feed, water, laboratory media, utilities and packaging enter as supplied goods. |
| starting_condition_role | Managed production of collectable semen, not sale of a live animal or insemination service. |
| product_classification_scope | CPC 3.0 `02419`; bovine semen CPC `02411` excluded. |
| recursive_input_rule | Purchased same-category semen is a traced upstream input, not recounted as local donor production. |
| upstream_dataset_requirement | Species- and route-compatible feed, water, electricity, preparation medium, cryogen, packaging and treatment service. |
| disclosure | donor, gate, lot dates, quality specification, final state, rejects, periods, shared-service attribution and allocation. |

### Boundary Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `centre_gate` | all routes | Include observed donor management, collection, assessment, preparation, filling, conditional preservation and protective packing through quality release; exclude insemination and later transport. | `un-cpc-3-2025`; `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `species_boundary` | donor | Keep non-bovine species separate and do not transfer bovine husbandry factors or a bovine flow UUID. | `un-cpc-3-2025`; `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `state_interfaces` | centre | Record raw ejaculate, accepted/downgraded/rejected grades, prepared liquid, filled dose, preserved dose and packed released dose as distinct measured states even if tasks are co-located. | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024`; `fao-cryoconservation-2012` |
| `route_delta` | managed biological parent | Fresh, chilled and frozen routes share donor management but preservation changes electricity/cryogen, hold time, loss and quality checks; exactly one final state per lot. | `fao-cryoconservation-2012` |
| `shared_assets` | housing and centre | Attribute housing, collection apparatus, laboratory and refrigeration to their actual consuming nodes and service periods once. | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |

## 6. Process Inventory Structure

### Process Map

| process_id | process_name | inclusion | inclusion_condition | role | quantitative_reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `donor` | Donor husbandry | required | observed service period | Managed biological parent and eligibility | donor-days and linked doses |
| `collect` | Independent collection | required | each collection event | Capture raw ejaculate from donor | mL raw semen |
| `grade` | Quality grading | required | each collection lot | Accepted, downgraded and rejected destinations | mL by grade |
| `prepare` | First preparation | required | accepted semen batch | Raw-to-prepared liquid and loss | mL prepared liquid |
| `fill` | Discrete dose filling | required | each prepared batch | Bulk-to-unit and rejects | dose count |
| `preserve` | Chilling or freezing | conditional | chilled or frozen lot | Stabilization, state-specific service and loss | preserved dose count |
| `release` | Protective packing and release | required | released lot | Packaged accepted product at centre gate | 1 accepted dose |

### Process: Donor husbandry (`donor`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Donor water (`donor_water`)

Meter drinking and hygiene water rather than assuming one species-independent rate.

Denominator and scope requirements：per linked accepted dose

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter or reconcile supply by donor period. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Water supply for donor management (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_donor`
- Range: Provisional water completeness screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg/dose
  - Basis: metered donor-period supply over linked accepted doses
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

###### Donor manure (`manure`)

Collected manure is a waste unless an independent product handover is evidenced; distinguish direct excretion and collected material.

Denominator and scope requirements：per donor-period

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record collected mass and destination once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Donor manure to documented management destination (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Wet mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_donor`
- Range: Provisional manure screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: kg/donor-period
  - Basis: actually collected wet manure
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

###### Enteric biogenic methane to air (`review_donor_enteric_ch4`)

Only for an applicable digestive pathway of the actual managed species and class; derive emissions from documented animal activity/intake and a justified method. Do not substitute a cattle factor for an uncharacterised species. Applies only to the operated `donor` node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

- Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
- Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_pathway_emissions`
- Sources: `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`

###### Manure biogenic methane to air (`review_donor_manure_ch4`)

Calculate actual atmospheric release by manure system, climate, residence time and volatile-solids activity. Reconcile captured, destroyed or oxidised methane; produced methane is not automatically emitted methane. Applies only to the operated `donor` node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

- Selected flow: Methane, biogenic, to air (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg CH4
- Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_pathway_emissions`
- Sources: `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`

###### Direct manure nitrous oxide to air (`review_donor_direct_n2o`)

Use the actual manure-management nitrogen pathway. Keep storage/treatment distinct from field application and grazing deposition, which require a managed-soil method and an explicitly assigned inventory responsibility. Applies only to the operated `donor` node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

- Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
- Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_pathway_emissions`
- Sources: `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`

###### Indirect manure nitrogen-derived nitrous oxide to air (`review_donor_indirect_n2o`)

Calculate attributable indirect N2O from documented manure N volatilisation/deposition and leaching/runoff pathways where applicable. Keep separate from direct N2O and reconcile any nitrogen-fate calculation already included downstream or in the chosen background/impact model. Applies only to the operated `donor` node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

- Selected flow: Nitrous oxide to air (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg N2O
- Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_pathway_emissions`
- Sources: `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`

###### Manure ammonia to air (`review_donor_nh3`)

Use actual species, housing/storage conditions and a justified nitrogen-flow method. Track total N and ammoniacal N by stage; a generic volatilised-N estimate is not automatically NH3 because it may include other nitrogen species. Applies only to the operated `donor` node; preserve its existing route and period conditions. A dataset must resolve actual activity, method applicability and an evidence-based range or physical bound for this pathway before treating the inventory as complete. Missing evidence is not zero or not_applicable. A verified substance/origin/compartment UUID is still required for a final bound exchange.

- Selected flow: Ammonia to air (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg NH3
- Amount rule: Calculate the pathway total for this node and period, apply the existing allocation and stage_throughput_linkage, then inventory_reference_normalization exactly once to the measured final accepted reference output.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_pathway_emissions`
- Sources: `review-eea-manure-2023`

### Process: Independent collection (`collect`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Disposable polyethylene protective glove (`collection_supplies_glove`)

Only when compatible polyethylene gloves are actually consumed for operator protection during collection. Record mass per item, item count and returns. This non-sterile example does not establish suitability for semen contact; retain actual hygiene requirements.

- Selected flow: Disposable polyethylene protective glove
- Flow property / unit: Mass `93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66` / kg
- Amount rule: Record actual material mass consumed at this node, excluding returns and upstream-service inclusions; apply documented period/output attribution once and divide by the number of accepted released doses for the matched batch and period (kg glove per dose); retain measured glove mass per item and do not divide by semen mass. Preserve raw quantities and do not normalize an already normalized amount again.
- Value mode: `calculated_value`
- Specificity: `site_specific`
- Normalization basis: per declared reference flow
- Basis kind: `reference_flow`
- Evidence kind: `calculated_from_collection`
- Collection protocol: `cp_collect`
- Sources: `collection-pe-gloves`

No numerical range is inherited from the former group. Collect actual quantity and uncertainty; lack of applicable range evidence does not justify a default or zero.

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Raw ejaculate (`raw_semen`)

Independent collection removes semen from the managed donor and hands raw liquid to quality assessment.

Denominator and scope requirements：per collection event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure event volume and concentration. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Raw collected non-bovine ejaculate (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_collect`
- Range: Provisional raw-volume screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10000
  - Unit: mL/event
  - Basis: collected raw liquid, interpreted by donor species
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Failed collection material (`collection_reject`)

Incidental or nonrecoverable collection material is classified as waste by real destination.

Denominator and scope requirements：per collection event

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh or estimate from measured event balance and record destination. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Failed collection material to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_collect`
- Range: Provisional rejected-material screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000
  - Unit: kg/event
  - Basis: actual failed collection material
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Quality grading (`grade`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Incoming raw semen (`grade_input`)

The collected lot is evaluated by species-specific concentration, motility and viability thresholds.

Denominator and scope requirements：per graded lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Match collected event volume and lot identity. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Raw non-bovine semen at grading intake (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grade`
- Range: Raw-intake screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 10000
  - Unit: mL/lot
  - Basis: raw liquid actually entering grading
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Accepted graded semen (`accepted_grade`)

Accepted material transfers to first preparation.

Denominator and scope requirements：per graded lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record accepted volume and sperm count. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Quality-accepted non-bovine semen before preparation (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grade`
- Range: Accepted share screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: accepted volume over raw grading intake
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

###### Downgraded independent product (`downgraded_grade`)

Use this state only where a documented legal alternative use and independent handover exist; otherwise move it to reject waste.

Denominator and scope requirements：per graded lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record independently transferred volume and destination. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Downgraded non-bovine semen to documented alternative use (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grade`
- Range: Conditional downgraded share
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: transferred downgraded volume over raw intake
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Rejected semen (`rejected_grade`)

Unusable portions are waste sent to a recorded treatment destination.

Denominator and scope requirements：per graded lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile rejected, accepted and downgraded volume with intake. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Rejected non-bovine semen to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_grade`
- Range: Rejected share screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: rejected volume over raw intake
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: First preparation (`prepare`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Prepared bulk semen (`prepared_bulk`)

Accepted raw liquid plus medium becomes prepared bulk for discrete filling.

Denominator and scope requirements：per preparation lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile accepted raw volume plus medium less losses. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Prepared non-bovine semen bulk before filling (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_prepare`
- Range: Prepared-volume screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100000
  - Unit: mL/lot
  - Basis: measured prepared bulk volume
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Preparation loss (`preparation_loss`)

Spillage and rejected prepared liquid are waste, separate from acceptable bulk.

Denominator and scope requirements：per preparation lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Measure and assign actual disposal path. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Semen preparation residue to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Volume / mL
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_prepare`
- Range: Preparation-loss share
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: lost liquid over preparation inputs
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Discrete dose filling (`fill`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Filled usable doses (`filled_doses`)

Prepared bulk becomes discrete units for preservation or direct fresh-state packing.

Denominator and scope requirements：per filling batch

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Count correctly filled and sealed units, with dose volume and sperm specification. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Filled non-bovine breeding semen doses (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Count / dose
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_fill`
- Range: Filled-dose screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000000
  - Unit: doses/batch
  - Basis: counted filled usable doses
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Failed fill units (`fill_reject`)

Misfilled, damaged or failed-seal units are waste unless a documented recovery route exists.

Denominator and scope requirements：per filling batch

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile issued containers, usable filled units and failed units. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Rejected semen filling units to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Count / item
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_fill`
- Range: Fill-reject share screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: failed units over all filled units
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Chilling or freezing (`preserve`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

###### Preservation electricity (`cooling_power`)

Record metered cooling service only for routes that actually use it.

Denominator and scope requirements：per preserved dose

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Meter power over batch and hold duration. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow.

- Selected flow: Electricity for semen chilling or cryopreservation (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Energy / kWh
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_preserve`
- Range: Provisional power screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 100000
  - Unit: kWh/dose
  - Basis: metered electricity over accepted preserved doses
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Stabilized accepted doses (`preserved_doses`)

Chilled or frozen doses hand over after time-temperature and quality acceptance.

Denominator and scope requirements：per preservation batch

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Count accepted units by chilled or frozen state. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Preserved non-bovine semen doses before packing (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Count / dose
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_preserve`
- Range: Preservation yield screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: accepted preserved count over filled input count
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Waste flows

###### Preservation rejects (`preservation_reject`)

Failed integrity or post-preservation quality is a distinct waste destination.

Denominator and scope requirements：per preservation batch

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Reconcile entered, accepted and rejected units. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Rejected preserved semen units to treatment (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Count / item
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_preserve`
- Range: Preservation-reject share
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: fraction
  - Basis: rejected count over filled count entering preservation
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

### Process: Protective packing and release (`release`)

#### Inputs

##### Product flows

##### Waste flows

##### Elementary flows

#### Outputs

##### Product flows

###### Released breeding dose (`released_dose`)

The sole reference product is quality-accepted non-bovine breeding semen at centre handover.

Raw reference-output records: Count accepted units by species, grade and final state and link volume and sperm count. Preserve the measured accepted lot quantity and every required qualifier. The amount below is the normalized reference exchange, not an assertion that a physical lot contains only one unit.

The machine unit item is the local representation of the confirmed unit-group reference unit Item(s), with multiplier 1. One item means one quality-accepted breeding dose of the declared species, state, grade and release specification. Preserve native dose counts in collection records. This count representation does not equate containers, volume, sperm count, oocytes or treatment attempts to accepted goods, and does not establish equivalence across species, states or dose specifications.

Denominator and scope requirements：per reference flow

- Selected flow: Non-bovine breeding semen dose at centre release
- Flow property / unit: Number of items / item
- Amount rule: 1 item
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_release`
- Range: Reference count identity
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 1
  - Upper: 1
  - Unit: accepted dose
  - Basis: one quality-accepted dose at centre gate
  - Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
  - Evidence kind: Collected record (`collected_record`)

##### Waste flows

###### Failed release packaging (`package_reject`)

Damaged packaging is waste to its recorded recycling or disposal route, not an additional product.

Denominator and scope requirements：per release lot

Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Count or weigh rejected centre packaging once. Original collection denominator kind: process_output.

- Selected flow: Rejected protective packaging to documented destination (UUID unresolved)
- Flow property / unit: Mass / kg
- Amount rule: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records.
- Value mode: Calculated value (`calculated_value`)
- Specificity: Site-specific (`site_specific`)
- Normalization basis: per reference flow
- Basis kind: Reference flow (`reference_flow`)
- Evidence kind: Calculated from collection (`calculated_from_collection`)
- Collection protocol: `cp_release`
- Range: Provisional packaging-reject screen
  - Range role: QA guardrail (`qa_guardrail`)
  - Lower: 0
  - Upper: 1000
  - Unit: kg/lot
  - Basis: rejected centre packaging per released lot
  - Basis kind: Process output (`process_output`)
  - Evidence kind: Reasoned estimate (`reasoned_estimate`)

##### Elementary flows

## 7. Allocation and Co-product Handling

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `period_attribution` | donor | Link feed, water, health, manure, collection and accepted lots to dated donor phases; record replacement and cull events. Never charge a donor-period twice. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `shared_service` | housing, collection apparatus, lab and cooling | Enumerate consumers and service periods, then assign each burden once by measured occupancy, usage time or another justified causal service basis. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `quality_outputs` | grading and filling | Downgraded material is a co-product only with independent legal handover; otherwise treat rejects as waste. Disclose any causal or physical/economic allocation decision and sensitivity. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `mixed_state` | fresh, chilled and frozen | Assign common donor/collection burden to actual accepted lots using documented causal service or counts; preserve state-specific energy, cryogen and loss for applicable lots only. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `allocation_method_basis` | Residual joint burdens and shared service | Apply the general LCA hierarchy: examine subdivision or an appropriately justified system expansion before residual allocation; then prefer a supported physical causal relationship, and justify an economic basis when physical attribution is not established. The donor-day, occupancy or throughput driver is a PCR modelling choice requiring case-specific evidence and sensitivity, not a requirement of sanitary guidance. Include failed attempts and losses in the service period; do not select only successful outputs or introduce hypothetical substitution credits. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |

## 8. Foreground Data Collection, Calculation, and Quality Rules

### Specific input identification before dataset completion

Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default.

| requirement_id | collection_protocol_id | Preserved collection scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `feed_specific_input` | `cp_donor` | Operation donor: Record feed supply, measured intake and losses for eligible donor maintenance over the recorded period; intake is not the upstream feed inventory. Denominator and scope requirements：per linked accepted dose Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. |
| `packaging_specific_input` | `cp_release` | Operation release: Only centre-issued protective packaging is included; reusable containers are apportioned over actual reuse cycles. Denominator and scope requirements：per released dose Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh issued packaging and attribute reusable service once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. |


### Material and service identification requirements

Identify each actual material or independently supplied service from supplier and activity records; record composition/specification, quantity, unit, node and period separately. Add one concrete exchange per identity before dataset completion; these requirements are not a single exchange. Reconcile with existing cards and inclusive services to avoid duplication. Allocate reusable assets over evidenced use and preserve physical quantities; normalize once to the matched final reference output. Missing identity or use evidence is a completeness gap, not zero use. Conditional examples below are not an exhaustive bill of materials and do not prescribe use or amounts.

| requirement_id | collection_protocol_id | Required scope |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `collection_supplies_identification` | `cp_collect` | species-compatible semen collection apparatus and supplies |


### Data Collection Protocols

| protocol_id | process_id | flow_role | record_type | raw_fields | collection_method | unit | frequency | temporal_coverage | site_scope | aggregation_rule | quality_evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `cp_donor` | `donor` | donor inputs and outputs | donor register and meters | donor_id, species, period, feed_mass, water_mass, health_event, eligible_days, manure_mass | dated record and calibrated meter; Raw aggregation requirements: Use calc_feed_supply_and_intake to distinguish supplied feed carrying production burden, actual intake and losses; preserve all native stock and period records, then normalize the attributable quantity once to accepted final output. `feed_specific_input`: Operation donor: Record feed supply, measured intake and losses for eligible donor maintenance over the recorded period; intake is not the upstream feed inventory. Denominator and scope requirements：per linked accepted dose Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Use separate feed-supply, intake and loss ledgers under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. The quantity carrying feed-production burden includes in-boundary refusals, spoilage and uneaten feed; it is not reduced to animal intake. Retain source, species/cohort, phase and original mass/moisture basis. Calculate the final contribution with inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage exactly once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using reconciled feed-supply records that retain in-boundary losses and their production burden. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | day; kg | each event and monthly reconciliation | full donor period | centre and donor | per reference flow | register and receipts; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_collect` | `collect` | consumables, ejaculate, failed material | collection event | donor_id, event_id, issued_mass, raw_mL, concentration, rejected_mass | calibrated vessel and issue log; Raw aggregation requirements: sum by donor and lot. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | mL; kg | each event | all collection events | centre | per reference flow | calibration and chain of custody; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_grade` | `grade` | quality states | laboratory assessment | lot_id, raw_mL, accepted_mL, downgraded_mL, rejected_mL, grade, destination | species-specific test and disposition log; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile all grades to intake. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. | mL; fraction | each lot | all assessed lots | lab | per reference flow | assay and approval; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_prepare` | `prepare` | medium, bulk and loss | batch sheet | lot_id, accepted_mL, medium_mL, bulk_mL, loss_mL | calibrated dispense and volume balance; Raw aggregation requirements: balance per lot. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `medium_specific_input`: Use actual species-compatible diluent or extender recipe; do not assume a universal formulation. Denominator and scope requirements：per preparation lot Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record prepared and issued liquid by batch. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | mL | each batch | all prepared batches | lab | per reference flow | recipe and calibration; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_fill` | `fill` | containers and filled/rejected units | filling sheet | lot_id, issued_items, filled_doses, rejected_items, dose_mL, sperm_count | counter and seal check; Raw aggregation requirements: reconcile issued and filled units. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `dose_container_specific_input`: Issued containers are reconciled with correctly filled and rejected units. Denominator and scope requirements：per filling batch Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Count straws or vials and seals issued. Original collection denominator kind: process_output. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | item; dose; mL | each batch | all filled batches | filling line | per reference flow | batch sheet and QA; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_preserve` | `preserve` | power, cryogen, preserved/rejected units | preservation log | batch_id, state, kWh, cryogen_kg, start, end, accepted_doses, rejected_items | meter, supply ledger and temperature log; Raw aggregation requirements: allocate by batch and service time. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `cryogen_specific_input`: Frozen lots record actual cryogen replenishment; chilled and fresh lots do not inherit this input. Denominator and scope requirements：per frozen dose Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Record issued and recovered quantity with storage-service attribution. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kWh; kg; dose | each batch | full intervention and hold | centre | per reference flow | meter and calibration; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_release` | `release` | packaging, product, rejects | release ledger | lot_id, species, state, packaging_kg, reuse_cycles, accepted_doses, rejected_kg | count, weigh and release certificate; Raw aggregation requirements: group accepted units by species and state. Apply the existing route, period, conversion and allocation rules; retain raw totals and the measured accepted reference-output denominator for the same scope. Perform final normalization exactly once; do not divide an already normalized amount again. `packaging_specific_input`: Operation release: Only centre-issued protective packaging is included; reusable containers are apportioned over actual reuse cycles. Denominator and scope requirements：per released dose Raw quantity and calculation requirements: Weigh issued packaging and attribute reusable service once. Original collection denominator kind: reference_flow. Original quantity method: Calculate the attributable final-package exchange under inventory_reference_normalization and stage_throughput_linkage using the matched raw records. Identify the actual input for this operation from supplier specifications, equipment and primary records. This is a mandatory collection requirement, not an exchange. Before dataset completeness, represent each used material, formulated product, carrier or independently purchased service by one physically specific card with its native quantity/property; confirm a compatible UUID, or retain an explicit unresolved identity and do not claim a fully linked dataset. Do not substitute a conditional example for an unknown actual input, invent a recipe, omit required use or infer zero from missing records. Attribute shared use, reusable assets and inclusive services once; preserve the original stage/period and measured throughput link to final reference output. The former aggregate range is not a component limit or consumption default. | kg; dose | each release | all released lots | centre gate | per reference flow | signed release; traceable numerator, accepted reference-output denominator and normalization worksheet |
| `cp_pathway_emissions` | `donor` | pathway-specific gases and manure N/C | herd, feed, manure, field and method ledger | species/class; animal-days; intake/DM/digestibility; volatile solids; manure N/TAN; system shares; climate; storage time; fertiliser N; grazing; volatilisation/leaching; methane recovery; factor source/unit; final accepted output ; collected manure wet mass; dry matter; destination| collect primary activity by node and period, document parameter applicability, retain each pathway worksheet and any linked treatment/pasture dataset  Retain raw totals and normalize attributed quantities once to the measured accepted final reference output.| animal-day; kg DM; kg VS; kg N; kg CH4; kg N2O; kg NH3 | each operating period and management change | complete represented cohort and service period | actual operated nodes only | per reference flow | meter/analysis records, nitrogen cascade, method and factor evidence, no-duplication ledger |
| `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | `donor` | Feed supply, intake and loss | stock, receipt, issue and loss ledger | feed identity/source; cohort/phase; period; opening/closing stock; receipts; on-site provision; unused returns/transfers; uneaten/spoiled mass and destination; as-fed/DM; actual intake; burden owner; accepted final output | Reconcile matched stock, scales, ration/forage estimates and disposal records under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Keep raw totals and stage denominators; assign production and treatment burden once, then normalize to accepted final output. | kg as-fed; kg DM | each issue and period close | complete represented cohort/period | actual operated feeding nodes | per reference flow | stock and supplier records; moisture evidence; loss and no-duplication reconciliation |
| `cp_manure_n2o_coverage` | `donor` | Direct and indirect manure/soil N2O coverage | pathway N ledger and method worksheet | species/class; period; excreted N; stage stocks/transfers; system shares; volatilised NH3-N/NOx-N; leached/runoff N; application/grazing N; factor source, unit and applicability; direct/indirect components; receiving medium; linked process and assigned card; accepted final output | Retain raw stage N and component calculations under calc_manure_n2o_coverage, matched to actual operation and existing manure protocols. Document unsupported or inapplicable paths and coverage boundaries; normalize attributable N2O once. | kg N; kg N2O | each reporting period and management change | complete represented management period | actual operated and explicitly linked nodes | per reference flow | N balance, factor unit/applicability, component-to-card and no-duplication worksheet |

### Calculation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Formula or rule | Inputs | Output | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `dose_yield` | collection through release | Reconcile raw volume and concentration with graded states, prepared bulk, fill and release counts; accepted released doses divided by linked donor period. | donor, lot, liquid, quality and dose records | accepted yield and loss ledger | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `service_share` | donor and shared assets | Period burden times evidenced service share divided by accepted linked dose count; disclose unproductive periods and reject zero denominators. | dated inputs, service duration, linked doses | burden per dose | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `state_burden` | preservation | State-specific metered power, cryogen and rejects divided only by accepted doses in that state. | lot state, meter, supply and acceptance | fresh, chilled or frozen inventory | `fao-cryoconservation-2012` |
| `calc_pathway_emissions` | `donor` | Use species- and management-compatible methods and retain disaggregated pathway totals. Convert N2O-N to N2O by 44/28 and NH3-N to NH3 by 17/14 exactly once; already molecular masses are not reconverted. Check methane against the documented available-carbon/methane-potential balance and nitrogen losses against each stage's available N. Indirect formation from previously volatilised N is a downstream transformation, not a second source-stage N loss. Attribute and normalize once; do not duplicate linked treatment or fate-model emissions.  Use matched raw-period quantities before allocation for physical screens: CH4 mass × 12/16 must not exceed the carbon available to the represented pathway; source-stage NH3 mass × 14/17 plus direct N2O mass × 28/44 and other source N losses must not exceed that stage's available N, after accounting for stocks and transfers. Bound each indirect N2O-N calculation by its documented volatilised or leached N precursor, not by subtracting that downstream transformation again from the source ledger. These are conservation checks, not emission factors or an empirical per-product range.| `cp_pathway_emissions` | kg named compound per final reference flow | `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`; `review-eea-manure-2023`; `review-ipcc-soils-2019` |
| `calc_feed_supply_and_intake` | `feed` | Feed supply used by the represented operation = opening feed stock + receipts + on-site feed entering the operation - closing feed stock - documented unused returns or transfers out. Retain in-boundary spoilage, refusals and discarded leftovers in that supply. Actual intake = that supply - measured uneaten/discarded losses, after matching moisture/DM and period; use intake only for nutrition/metabolism. Opening stock retains its prior burden and is not another purchase. Trace any unused return or transfer and its burden destination; no automatic substitution credit. Attribute production once, through either the purchased-feed dataset or the represented on-site crop/collection node, never both for the same feed. Include actual waste treatment and manure contributions once, not as a second feed-production burden. | `cp_feed_supply_and_intake` | separate feed supply, intake and loss quantities, in matched as-fed/DM units | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `calc_manure_n2o_coverage` | `review_donor_direct_n2o`; `review_donor_indirect_n2o` | For each actual manure stage, calculate direct N2O, volatilisation/deposition-derived indirect N2O, and applicable leaching/runoff-derived indirect N2O separately with documented species/system activity and factor basis. Convert N2O-N to molecular N2O by 44/28 once; do not reconvert molecular masses. Retain component worksheets. Where an existing N2O card covers both direct and indirect emissions, report their non-overlapping sum; where separate direct/indirect cards exist, assign each component once to its matching card and never also report the sum. Pasture deposition and land application use the managed-soil method, not a manure-storage factor. Assign foreground versus linked treatment/pasture coverage explicitly; a manure export does not erase earlier emissions, and already covered downstream emissions are not repeated. Account for stock, transfers and previous N losses in the nitrogen cascade; indirect N2O is a downstream transformation of its precursor, not a second source-stage N loss. Normalize attributed molecular masses once to the accepted reference output. Document inapplicability; absent pathway data are not zero. | `cp_manure_n2o_coverage` | kg molecular N2O by pathway and assigned existing card | `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`; `review-ipcc-soils-2019` |
| `chemical_species_mass_accounting` | `elementary_nutrient_emissions` | Final elementary exchanges use the mass of the identified substance and one actual receiving compartment. Keep nutrient/activity ledgers separate: species-specific N2O-N × 44/28 gives N2O, NH3-N × 17/14 gives NH3, nitrate-N × 62/14 gives nitrate, and phosphate-P × 95/31 gives phosphate. If the selected flow is elemental phosphorus instead, report kg P and convert phosphate mass by 31/95 only when that species basis is evidenced. Apply a conversion exactly once only when the method output is on the elemental basis; measured compound mass is not reconverted. Total nutrient losses cannot be assigned to a single species without a supported split, and residual/retained soil nutrient is not an emission. Keep direct/indirect pathway ledgers and avoid repeating a pathway already included in the chosen method or upstream inventory. Factor uncertainty ranges screen factors on their stated basis, not final compound amounts or admissible site emissions. Normalize the attributable compound mass once using the accepted reference quantity and the matched measured output. Unknown activity, identity or compartment remains an evidence gap and blocks a completeness claim. | `cp_pathway_emissions`; species-specific activity ledger, method pathway and factor basis, matched accepted output | Identity-specific exchanges and reconciled activity records |  |

### Data Quality Requirements

| requirement_id | Applies to | Requirement | Evidence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `identity` | reference | Verify non-bovine species, breeding purpose, dose specification and centre-release gate. | donor, lot and release record |
| `completeness` | all nodes | Cover selected stages and reconcile accepted, downgraded, rejected and loss states without duplicate internal transfer. | process and balance ledger |
| `temporal` | donor and preserved lots | Align donor phase, collection, batch, hold and asset service dates. | dated registers and meters |
| `route` | state variants | Disclose fresh, chilled or frozen branch and applicable species-specific sanitary controls. | quality and preservation log |

## 9. Validation Rules

| rule_id | Applies to | Rule | source_ids |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `non_bovine` | reference | Reject bovine donor, mismatched CPC or any UUID not detail-confirmed as non-bovine breeding semen with matching gate/property. | `un-cpc-3-2025` |
| `balance` | graded-to-release chain | Reconcile liquid and discrete units across accepted, downgraded, rejected and lost states within documented measurement tolerances. | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `branch` | final state | Require one fresh/chilled/frozen final state per lot; chilled/frozen lots need observed intervention and duration, never bovine default factors. | `fao-cryoconservation-2012` |
| `no_double_count` | donor and assets | Dated donor phases and housing, laboratory, collection and refrigeration shares must charge each service once per period. | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `gate_quality` | release | Require donor species, count, volume, sperm specification and quality release; reject insemination/distribution activity. | `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` |
| `v_pathway_emission_coverage` | `donor` | Require a pathway coverage ledger for enteric CH4 where biologically applicable, manure CH4, direct/indirect N2O, NH3 and relevant field emissions. Every pathway needs a measured/calculated value, a named linked process with matching coverage, or supported inapplicability; absent data cannot become zero. Keep wild life before capture outside managed husbandry, assess actual managed holding separately, and retain species-specific evidence. | `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`; `review-ipcc-soils-2019`; `review-eea-manure-2023` |
| `v_foreground_emission_responsibility` | Actual operated nodes and linked services | Record responsibility for on-site fuel combustion and refrigerant leakage when applicable: either quantified foreground emissions or a named linked process explicitly covering them, never merely a fuel-supply or electricity-production input. Assess special-taxon biological and residue emissions using species/route evidence, without a generic livestock factor. Identify any unresolved pathway and withhold a completeness claim; document supported absence and prevent duplicate upstream/downstream accounting. | |
| `v_feed_supply_intake_separation` | All feed inputs | Reject an upstream feed inventory reduced by in-boundary refusal, spoilage or discarded leftovers without retaining their production burden. Reconcile supply, intake, stock, transfers and loss destinations under calc_feed_supply_and_intake. Do not reuse intake as supplied feed, assume zero-burden on-site feed or grant automatic avoided-product credits. | `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` |
| `v_manure_n2o_coverage` | Applicable manure and managed-soil N pathways | Require explicit direct and indirect pathway coverage, stage N balances and molecular-mass conversion. Map each component to an existing N2O card or an explicitly covering linked process once under calc_manure_n2o_coverage. Missing indirect-pathway evidence prevents a completeness claim; no default zero or duplicate aggregate-plus-components. | `review-ipcc-livestock-2019`; `review-ipcc-soils-2019` |

## 10. Published Dataset Profile

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| dataset_role | Observed foreground package for non-bovine breeding dose production. |
| downstream_use | `secondary_dataset`; `background_dataset` only after species/state/gate fitness review. |
| allowed_use | Species-, dose- and state-matched semen production LCA at centre gate. |
| excluded_use | Bovine semen, embryos, donor-animal sale, insemination service and universal equivalence of dose types. |
| required_metadata | species, breed, donor, period, lot, acceptance, sperm count, volume, final state, preservation, gate and allocation. |
| required_quality_disclosure | completeness, rejects, count/volume conversion, unresolved UUIDs and shared-service uncertainty. |
| update_trigger | changed species, preservation route, dose specification, centre gate, quality criteria or verified flow identity. |

## 11. Data Sources

| Source id | Type | Reference | Used for |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `un-cpc-3-2025` | `official_guidance` | [UN CPC 3.0 explanatory notes](https://unstats.un.org/unsd/classifications/Econ/Download/In%20Text/CPC_Ver_3.0_Exp_Notes_30Jun2025.pdf) | CPC 02419 non-bovine and 02411 bovine distinction. |
| `woah-semen-hygiene-2024` | `official_guidance` | [WOAH Terrestrial Code Ch. 4.6, semen collection and processing centre hygiene](https://www.woah.org/fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahc/2024/en_chapitre_general_hygiene_semen.htm) | Donor, collection, processing, quality and centre route; conditional species/trade application. |
| `fao-cryoconservation-2012` | `handbook` | [FAO, Cryoconservation of Animal Genetic Resources](https://www.fao.org/4/i3017e/i3017e00.htm) | State-specific preparation, preservation and storage route. |
| `review-fao-pig-lca-2018` | official_guidance | [FAO 2018, Environmental performance of pig supply chains: Guidelines for assessment, section 11.2.2 and Appendix 2.13](https://www.fao.org/4/i8686en/I8686EN.pdf) | Feed-loss accounting and general LCA allocation hierarchy; extension to other taxa or reproductive products is this PCR's explicit methodological choice, not a pig parameter transfer |
| `review-ipcc-livestock-2019` | official_guidance | [IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 10: Emissions from Livestock and Manure Management](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch10_Livestock.pdf) | Species and pathway applicability; CH4 and N2O method selection, not universal emission factors |
| `review-eea-manure-2023` | official_guidance | [EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2023, 3.B Manure Management](https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2023/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/3-agriculture/3-b-manure-management-2023) | NH3 nitrogen-flow method; verify actual species, management and geographical applicability before adopting parameters |
| `review-ipcc-soils-2019` | official_guidance | [IPCC 2019 Refinement, Volume 4, Chapter 11: N2O Emissions from Managed Soils](https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2019rf/pdf/4_Volume4/19R_V4_Ch11_Soils_N2O_CO2.pdf) | Managed-soil direct and indirect nitrogen pathways and boundary reconciliation |
| `collection-pe-gloves` | handbook | IMV Technologies, Polyethylene protective gloves. https://www.imv-technologies.us/product/polyethylene-protective-gloves | Polyethylene glove identity for a documented compatible operator-protection use; non-sterile product evidence does not authorize semen-contact or sterile use. |